Emphasis (Corroboration, tawkīd)
التَّوْكِيدُ
Verses 520–533 · chapter 41 of 78
The chapter covers the emphasizing follower (tawkīd). It first treats emphasis by meaning: the words nafs and ʿayn, the words of comprehensiveness (kull, kilā, kiltā, jamīʿ, ʿāmma), and the group ajmaʿ and its forms, with rules on indefinites, duals and connected pronouns. It then treats verbal emphasis, which repeats a word or uses a detached pronoun, and sets limits on repeating connected pronouns and particles. AI
- 520
الرَّجَزal-rajaz––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
The noun is emphasized by nafs or by ʿayn [both meaning 'self'], together with a pronoun that agrees with the emphasized noun: jāʾa Zaydun nafsuhu 'Zayd himself came', jāʾat Hindun ʿaynuhā 'Hind herself came'.
- 521
الرَّجَزal-rajaz––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Put the two [nafs and ʿayn] in the plural on the pattern afʿul (anfus, aʿyun) if they follow something that is not singular [a dual or a plural], and you will be following [the usage of the Arabs]: jāʾa z-Zaydāni anfusuhumā, jāʾa z-Zaydūna aʿyunuhum.
AI note on the transcription: No letter change; the transcription's «ماليس» is spacing only and is written ما ليس.
Ibn ʿAqīl on verses 520–521Arabic
التوكيد قسمان أحدهما التوكيد اللفظي وسيأتي والثاني التوكيد المعنوي وهو على ضربين
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 5581 · vol. 3, p. 205 ↗أحدهما ما يرفع توهم مضاف إلى المؤكد وهو المراد بهذين البيتين وله لفظان النفس والعين وذلك نحو جاء زيد نفسه فنفسه توكيد لزيد وهو يرفع توهم أن يكون التقدير جاء خبر زيد أو رسوله وكذلك جاء زيد عينه
ولا بد من إضافة النفس أو العين إلى ضمير يطابق المؤكد نحو جاء زيد نفسه أو عينه وهند نفسها أو عينها
ثم إن كان للمؤكد بهما مثنى أو مجموعا جمعتهما على مثال أفعل فتقول جاء الزيدان أنفسهما أو أعينهما والهندان أنفسهما أو أعينهما والزيدون أنفسهم أو أعينهم والهندات أنفسهن أو أعينهن
- 522
Metre: not scanned
As vowelled here, this verse does not fit al-rajaz, the metre of the poem; it is left unscanned rather than forced.
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Use kull for comprehensiveness, and also kilā, kiltā and jamīʿ, each joined to a pronoun [that refers back to the emphasized noun]: jāʾa r-rakbu kulluhu, jāʾa r-rajulāni kilāhumā, jāʾat al-marʾatāni kiltāhumā, jāʾa l-qawmu jamīʿuhum.
OpenITI line 681 · vol. 1, p. 45 ↗AI vowelling differs in letters from OpenITIAI note on the transcription: وَكُلًّا اذْكُرْ فِي الشُّمُولِ وَكِلَا: the transcription drops the opening wāw. It is required by the metre, because wa-kul-la-nidh- gives the rajaz foot mafāʿilun and without it the foot fails. It also appears in the standard text.
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 522Arabic
هذا هو الضرب الثاني من التوكيد المعنوي وهو ما يرفع توهم عدم إرادة الشمول والمستعمل لذلك كل وكلا وكلتا وجميع
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 5592 · vol. 3, p. 206 ↗فيؤكد بكل وجميع ما كان ذا أجزاء يصح وقوع بعضها موقعه نحو جاء الركب كله أو جميعه والقبيلة كلها أو جميعها والرجال كلهم أو جميعهم والهندات كلهن أو جميعهن ولا تقول جاء زيد كله
ويؤكد بكلا المثنى المذكر نحو جاء الزيدان كلاهما وبكلتا المثنى المؤنث نحو جاءت الهندان كلتاهما
ولا بد من إضافتها كلها إلى ضمير يطابق المؤكد كما مثل
- 523
الرَّجَزal-rajaz––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
They also used, like kull, the form fāʿila from ʿamma ['to include all'], that is ʿāmma, in emphasis, on the pattern of nāfila: jāʾa l-qawmu ʿāmmatuhum 'the people came, all of them'.
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 523Arabic
أي استعمل العرب للدلالة على الشمول ككل عامة مضافا إلى ضمير المؤكد نحو جاء القوم عامتهم وقل من عدها من النحويين في ألفاظ التوكيد وقد عدها سيبويه وإنما قال مثل النافلة لأن عدها من ألفاظ التوكيد يشبه النافلة أي الزيادة لأن أكثر النحويين لم يذكرها
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 5601 · vol. 3, p. 207 ↗ - 524
الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
After kull they emphasized with ajmaʿ, jamʿāʾ, ajmaʿūn and jumaʿ [masculine singular, feminine singular, masculine plural, feminine plural, used to strengthen kull]: ishtaraytu l-ʿabda kullahu ajmaʿa, wa-l-amata kullahā jamʿāʾa, jāʾa l-qawmu kulluhum ajmaʿūna, wa-n-nisāʾu kulluhunna jumaʿu.
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 524Arabic
أي يجاء بعد كل بأجمع وما بعدها لتقوية قصد الشمول فيؤتى ب أجمع بعد كله نحو جاء الركب كله أجمع وبجمعاء بعد كلها نحو جاءت القبيلة كلها جمعاء وبأجمعين بعد كلهم نحو جاء الرجال كلهم أجمعون وبجمع بعد كلهن نحو جاءت الهندات كلهن جمع
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 5606 · vol. 3, p. 208 ↗ - 525
الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Ajmaʿ, jamʿāʾ, ajmaʿūn and jumaʿ sometimes occur without kull [before them]: la-ughwiyannahum ajmaʿīna 'I shall surely lead them all astray' (Q 15:39).
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 525Arabic
أي قد ورد استعمال العرب أجمع في التوكيد غير مسبوقة بكله نحو جاء الجيش أجمع واستعمال جمعاء غير مسبوقة بكلها نحو جاءت القبيلة جمعاء واستعمال أجمعين غير مسبوقة ب كلهم نحو جاء القوم أجمعون واستعمال جمع غير مسبوقة بكلهن نحو جاء النساء جمع وزعم المصنف أن ذلك قليل ومنه قوله
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 5611 · vol. 3, p. 208 ↗289 ( يا ليتني كنت صبيا مرضعا … تحملني الذلفاء حولا أكتعا
إذا بكيت قبلتني أربعا … إذا ظللت الدهر أبكي أجمعا
- 526
الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
If emphasizing an indefinite noun conveys information [the indefinite has a known extent and the emphasizing word expresses comprehensiveness], it is accepted: ṣumtu shahran kullahu 'I fasted a whole month'. The Basran grammarians are reported to forbid it in all cases.
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 526Arabic
مذهب البصريين أنه لا يجوز توكيد النكرة سواء كانت محدودة كيوم وليلة وشهر وحول أو غير محدودة كوقت وزمن وحين
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 5618 · vol. 3, p. 210 ↗ومذهب الكوفيين واختاره المصنف جواز توكيد النكرة المحدودة لحصول الفائدة بذلك نحو صمت شهرا كله ومنه قوله
تحملني الذلفاء حولا أكتعا …
وقوله
290 ( قد صرت البكرة يوما أجمعا …
- 527
الرَّجَزal-rajaz–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
For a dual, use kiltā and kilā in place of the patterns faʿlāʾ and afʿal [so jamʿāwāni and ajmaʿāni are not said. Say jāʾa z-Zaydāni kilāhumā].
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 527Arabic
قد تقدم أن المثنى يؤكد بالنفس أو العين وبكلا وكلتا ومذهب البصريين أنه لا يؤكد بغير ذلك فلا تقول جاء الجيشان أجمعان ولا جاء القبيلتان جمعاوان استغناء بكلا وكلتا عنهما وأجاز ذلك الكوفيون
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 5626 · vol. 3, p. 211 ↗ - 528
الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
If you emphasize a connected pronoun with nafs or ʿayn, do so after the detached pronoun [placed between them]: qūmū antum anfusukum 'stand up, you yourselves'.
- 529
الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
I mean the nominative [connected pronoun]. The accusative and genitive ones need no detached pronoun: marartu bika nafsika. They also emphasized [the nominative connected pronoun] with words other than these two [kull and similar words], and then the condition is not required: qūmū kullukum.
Ibn ʿAqīl on verses 528–529Arabic
لا يجوز توكيد الضمير المرفوع المتصل بالنفس أو العين إلا بعد تأكيده بضمير منفصل فتقول قوموا أنتم أنفسكم أو أعينكم ولا تقل قوموا أنفسكم
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 5631 · vol. 3, p. 212 ↗فإذا أكدته بغير النفس والعين لم يلزم ذلك تقول قوموا كلكم أو قوموا أنتم كلكم
وكذا إذا كان المؤكد غير ضمير رفع بأن كان ضمير نصب أو جز فتقول مررت بك نفسك أو عينك ومررت بكم كلكم ورأيتك نفسك أو عينك ورأيتكم كلكم
- 530
الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
The kind of emphasis that is verbal (lafẓī) comes as a repetition [of the same word], as when you say udrujī udrujī 'go, go'.
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 530Arabic
هذا هو القسم ا لثاني من قسمى التوكيد وهو التوكيد اللفظي وهو تكرار اللفظ الأول بعينه اعتناء به نحو أدرجى أدرجى وقوله
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 5638 · vol. 3, p. 213 ↗291 ( فأين إلى أين النجاة ببغلتي … أتاك أتاك اللاحقون أحبس أحبس
وقوله تعالى ﴿ كلا إذا دكت الأرض دكا دكا ﴾
- 531
الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Do not repeat the form of a connected pronoun except together with the word it is attached to: marartu bika bika, qumta qumta.
OpenITI line 690 · vol. 1, p. 45 ↗AI vowelling differs in letters from OpenITIAI note on the transcription: إِلَّا مَعَ اللَّفْظِ الَّذِي بِهِ وُصِلْ: the transcription has «الفظ» with one lām. The definite noun al-lafẓ needs the article's lām and the root's lām, so it is written اللفظ.
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 531Arabic
أي إذا أريد تكرير لفظ الضمير المتصل للتوكيد لم يجز ذلك إلا بشرط اتصال المؤكد بما اتصل بالمؤكد نحو مررت بك بك ورغبت فيه فيه ولا تقول مررت بكك
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 5643 · vol. 3, p. 214 ↗ - 532
الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
The same applies to particles: repeat them together with what is attached to them, as in inna Zaydan inna Zaydan qāʾimun. The exception is the particles that give an answer by themselves, like naʿam and balā, which may be repeated alone: naʿam naʿam, balā balā.
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 532Arabic
أي كذلك إذا أريد توكيد الحرف الذي ليس للجواب يجب أن يعاد مع الحرف المؤكد ما يتصل بالمؤكد نحو إن زيدا إن زيدا قائم وفي الدار زيد ولا يجوز إن إن زيدا قائم ولا في في الدار زيد ولا يجوز إن إن زيدا قائم ولا في في الدار زايد
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 5646 · vol. 3, p. 215 ↗فإن كان الحرف جوابا كنعم وبلى وجير وأجل وإي ولا جاز إعادته وحده فيقال لك أقام زيد فتقول نعم نعم أو لا لا وألم يقم زيد فتقول بلى بلى
- 533
Metre: not scanned
As vowelled here, this verse does not fit al-rajaz, the metre of the poem; it is left unscanned rather than forced.
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Use the detached nominative pronoun to emphasize any connected pronoun [nominative, accusative or genitive]: qumta anta, akramtuka anta, marartu bihi huwa.
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 533Arabic
أي يجوز أن يؤكد بضمير الرفع المنفصل كل ضمير متصل مرفوعا كان نحو قمت أنت أو منصوبا نحو أكرمتني أنا أو مجرورا نحو مررت به هو والله أعلم
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 5653 · vol. 3, p. 216 ↗العطف
- التَّوْكِيدُ at-tawkīd · emphasis, corroboration (the emphasizing follower) · وكد
- الشُّمُولُ ash-shumūl · comprehensiveness, inclusion of all parts · شمل
- الضَّمِيرُ aḍ-ḍamīr · pronoun · ضمر
- الْمُتَّصِلُ al-muttaṣil · connected (pronoun attached to a word) · وصل
- الْمُنْفَصِلُ al-munfaṣil · detached (independent pronoun) · فصل
- مُثَنًّى muthannā · dual · ثني
- مَنْكُورٌ mankūr · indefinite noun · نكر
- لَفْظِيٌّ lafẓī · verbal (emphasis by repeating the word itself) · لفظ
- جَوَابٌ jawāb · answer (particle of reply) · جوب