صṣād
How it is made
phoneticstip of the tongue by the front teeth; voiceless, continuant, velarised.
In brief, from the lines below. English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic AI
Sībawayh · al-Kitāb (d. c. 180/796)
ومما بين طرف اللسان وفويق الثنايا مخرج الزاي، والسين، والصاد
From between the tip of the tongue and just above the front teeth is the place of the zāy, the sīn and the ṣād. line 26560 ↗
Ibn Jinnī · Sirr ṣināʿat al-iʿrāb (d. 392/1002)
ومما بين الثنايا وطرف اللسان، مخرج الصاد والزاي والسين
From between the front teeth and the tip of the tongue is the place of the ṣād, the zāy and the sīn. line 983 ↗
On the texts (our observation): The two word the place differently: Sībawayh 'between the tip of the tongue and just above the front teeth' (L26560), Ibn Jinnī 'between the front teeth and the tip of the tongue' (L983).
Reference
Ibn Jinnī’s chapter on the ṣādits opening
الصاد حرف مهموس، يكون أصلا وبدلا، لا زائدا
The ṣād is a voiceless letter; it is a radical and a substitute, not an augment. line 3081 ↗
The chapter begins at line 3080 ↗; the rest of it is on the letter's substitutions, assimilation and uses.
In the Breath of the All-MercifulIbn ʿArabī · metaphysics
Level of existence: التراب · earth
Divine Name: المميت · al-Mumīt, the Death-Giver
Lunar mansion: البلدة · al-Balda
وحرف الصاد المهملة والبلدة
Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 62111Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 8 line 2571 ↗
Nature (ch. 2)
الثمانية فحروفها حارة يابسة
The eightfold [rank]: its letters are hot and dry. AI
Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2580Meaning by vowelal-Dabbāgh · a visionary claim about a primordial “Syriac”, not historical Syriac
With fatḥa ـَ
فهي جميع غبار الأرض في الموقف بين يدي الله عز وجل.
It is all the dust of the earth at the Standing (on the Day of Judgement) before God, Mighty and Majestic. AI
al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-LamaṭīWith ḍamma ـُ
فهي جميع نباتاتها.
It is all its (the earth's) plants. AI
al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-LamaṭīWith kasra ـِ
فهي الأرضون السبع.
It is the seven earths. AI
al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-LamaṭīFurther
هذا إذا كانت الصاد مرققة، فإن كانت مفخمة فالمفتوحة هي الأرض التي غضب الله عليها أو التي لا نبات فيها، والمكسورة الذات التي لا نبات فيها أو الذات لا خير فيها، والمضمومة ما يلحقنا منه ضرر من المعنيين السابقين. وقال مرة أخرى: الصاد بالفتح إشارة إلى الأرض كلها وما عليها مقدار فرسخ، وبالضم جميع الأرضين وما هو تراب، والكسر للنبات الذي على وجه الأرض. وإذا كانت مفخمة تكون الإشارة إلى ما على هؤلاء بغضب من الله عز وجل. اهـ. وهذا الثاني كتبته من خطه رضي الله عنه بعد وفاته، والأول سمعته منه مشافهة، والعبارة في الثاني له رضي الله عنه.
This applies when the ṣād is light. If it is emphatic, then with fatḥa it is the earth with which God is angry, or which has no vegetation; with kasra it is the self that has no vegetation, or the self in which there is no good; with ḍamma it is whatever harm reaches us from the two preceding meanings. On another occasion he said: ṣād with fatḥa indicates the whole earth and what is upon it to the extent of a parasang; with ḍamma, all the earths and what is dust; and the kasra is for the plants on the face of the earth. When it is emphatic, the indication is to what is upon these, with anger from God, Mighty and Majestic. [End.] This second version I copied from his handwriting (God be pleased with him) after his death; the first I heard from him orally; the wording of the second is his own. AI
al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-LamaṭīSībawayh (d. c. 180/796), al-Kitāb, ed. ʿAbd al-Salām Hārūn (Cairo: al-Khānjī), vol. 4, pp. 431–436. Digital text: 0180Sibawayhi.KitabSibawayhi.Shamela0023018-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Sirr ṣināʿat al-iʿrāb, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya (as recorded by OpenITI), vol. 1. Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.SirrSinacatIcrab.Shamela0012017-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.