غghayn
How it is made
phoneticstop of the throat, nearest the mouth; voiced, continuant.
In brief, from the lines below. English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic AI
Sībawayh · al-Kitāb (d. c. 180/796)
وأدناها مخرجا من الفم: الغين والخاء
The nearest of them to the mouth in place: the ghayn and the khāʾ. line 26549 ↗
Ibn Jinnī · Sirr ṣināʿat al-iʿrāb (d. 392/1002)
ومما فوق ذلك مع أول الفم، مخرج الغين والخاء
From above that, at the start of the mouth, is the place of the ghayn and the khāʾ. line 971 ↗
Reference
Ibn Jinnī’s chapter on the ghaynits opening
الغين حرف مجهور مستعل، يكون أصلا، لا بدلا ولا زائدا
The ghayn is a voiced, raised letter; it is a radical, neither substitute nor augment. line 3485 ↗
The chapter begins at line 3484 ↗; the rest of it is on the letter's substitutions, assimilation and uses.
In the Breath of the All-MercifulIbn ʿArabī · metaphysics
Level of existence: الجسم الكل · the Universal Body
Divine Name: الظاهر · al-Ẓāhir, the Outward
Lunar mansion: الميسان وهي الهقعة · al-Maysān, which is al-Haqʿa
الفصل الخامس عشر في الاسم الظاهر وتوجهه على إيجاد الجسم الكل وإيجاد الغين المعجمة من الحروف وإيجاد الميسان وهي الهقعة من المنازل
Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 62077Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 9 line 2572 ↗
Meaning by vowelal-Dabbāgh · a visionary claim about a primordial “Syriac”, not historical Syriac
With fatḥa ـَ
فهي اسم للنظر الذي يبلغ به حقيقة الشيء.
It is a name for the gaze by which one reaches the reality of a thing. AI
al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-LamaṭīWith ḍamma ـُ
فهي اسم من أسمائه تعالى ويدل على الحنانة فيه.
It is one of the names of God (Exalted is He), and it denotes the tenderness in Him. AI
al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-LamaṭīWith kasra ـِ
فهي سؤال مما يجهله ليجيبه بما يعلمه.
It is a question, from one who does not know, so that someone may answer him with what he knows. AI
al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-LamaṭīFurther
هذا ما سمعته منه رضي الله عنه، وفي خطه رضي الله عنه: الغين بالفتح إشارة إلى الشيء الذي من طبعه يدفع كل من قاربه، وبالضم إشارة إلى الحنانة والتعظيم وكمال العز، وبالكسر الشاق إلى الشيء الذي تكلم بكلمة ولا يعرفها وهو إشارة إلى ما هو مجهول اهـ. وهما متقاربان.
This is what I heard from him. In his handwriting: ghayn with fatḥa indicates the thing whose nature is to repel everyone who approaches it; with ḍamma, tenderness, veneration and perfection of might; with kasra, al-shāqq [as written] to the thing that spoke a word without knowing it, and it is an indication of what is unknown. [End.] The two versions are close to each other. AI
al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-LamaṭīSībawayh (d. c. 180/796), al-Kitāb, ed. ʿAbd al-Salām Hārūn (Cairo: al-Khānjī), vol. 4, pp. 431–436. Digital text: 0180Sibawayhi.KitabSibawayhi.Shamela0023018-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Sirr ṣināʿat al-iʿrāb, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya (as recorded by OpenITI), vol. 1. Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.SirrSinacatIcrab.Shamela0012017-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.