About this text: The Book of Illumination

روشنائی نامه

Nāṣir-i Khusraw (b. 394/1004, d. after 465/1073)

The cosmological core of his Persian masnavī, 184 couplets: God beyond attributes, the Universal Intellect and Soul, the nine spheres, the elements and the three kingdoms, the making of the human being, the senses, and knowing the soul.

184 couplets · ~40 min · published translation · 2,230 words · metre: hazaj musaddas maḥdhūf (mafāʿīlun mafāʿīlun faʿūlun), one metre for the whole poem

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Versions

9 layers, each with its licence

The original

The Kāviyānī editionHermann Ethé, M. Ghanī-zāda · 1340/1921–22PD-US

By: Hermann Ethé (critical text (ZDMG 33–34, 1879–80, from MSS G, L, I)); M. Ghanī-zāda (editor (introduction and notes, not reproduced)) · 1340/1921–22
Source:: Safarnāma, Rawshanāʾī-nāma and Saʿādat-nāma (Berlin: Kāviyānī press, 1340/1921–22), in the undated Tehran offset reprint (Kitābfurūshī-yi Maḥmūdī); the Rawshanāʾī-nāma separately paginated pp. 5–36. Scanned by the University of Toronto (Robarts) · link ↗
In the reader:: Vv. 163–327 and 339–357 (184 couplets), transcribed couplet by couplet, with Ethé's verse numbers and the edition's headings
Licence:: Public domain in the US (published 1921–22); a photomechanical reprint adds nothing. The page images are linked, not copied
Notes: Reprints Ethé's critical text with notes and small changes. The volume's introduction (by M. Ghanī-zāda) and its footnotes are not reproduced; the Saʿādat-nāma bound with it is not included. Each verse number in the reader links to its page.

Ethé's Persian textHermann Ethé · 1879–80Public domain

By: Hermann Ethé (editor) · 1879–80
Source:: Hermann Ethé, “Nâṣir Chusrau’s Rûšanâînâma oder Buch der Erleuchtung, in Text und Uebersetzung, nebst Noten”, part I, ZDMG 33 (1879), pp. 645–665 (vv. 1–162); part II, ZDMG 34 (1880), pp. 428–464 (vv. 163ff.) · link ↗
In the reader:: Consulted: the verse numbering, and three places where the page image is unclear
Licence:: Public domain (Ethé died 1917)
Notes: From three manuscripts: G (Gotha), L (Leiden), I (India Office). The Kāviyānī footnotes give their readings.

The Taqavī Dīvān (second witness)Naṣr Allāh Taqavī and others · 1304–07/1925–28PD-US

By: Naṣr Allāh Taqavī and others (editors) · 1304–07/1925–28
Source:: Dīvān-i Nāṣir-i Khusraw, ed. Naṣr Allāh Taqavī et al. (Tehran, 1304–07/1925–28), pp. 511–525; its appendix re-collates the Berlin text with a manuscript · link ↗
In the reader:: Consulted at the doubtful places and at the lines that do not scan; its readings are given in the notes, not taken into the text
Licence:: Public domain in the US (published before 1930)
Notes: Often differs in order and in readings, and has couplets Ethé left out. Not collated in full.

Our edition

Our transcription of the Kāviyānī PersianClaude (AI) · 2026-10-04AIOur work

By: Claude (AI) (read from the page images at 250 dpi, in three bands per page) · 2026-10-04
Source:: scripts/persian/kaviani-1340-rawshanai.tsv; method in the text record, §2
In the reader:: In full; doubtful readings flagged (vv. 200, 220, 225, 290) with a note
Licence:: Ours
Made by:: Claude (Opus; exact version not recorded), 2026-10-04 (AI reading of the page images; every word follows the image)
Notes: Normalised word spacing, ی/ک; no vowel marks; the print's joined forms kept where they are one word in the line. Human proofreading against the images is pending.

Published translations

Ethé's German verse translationHermann Ethé · 1880Public domain

By: Hermann Ethé (translator) · 1880
Source:: Hermann Ethé, “Nâṣir Chusrau’s Rûšanâînâma oder Buch der Erleuchtung, in Text und Uebersetzung”, part II, ZDMG 34 (1880), pp. 428–464; transcribed from the archive.org page images · link ↗
In the reader:: Under each couplet, on request (Aa → Ethé)
Licence:: Public domain (Ethé died 1917)
Notes: A rhymed verse translation, two lines for each couplet: freer than its couplet-for-couplet layout suggests.

AI layers

English, couplet by coupletClaude (AI) · 2026-10-04AIOur work

By: Claude (AI) (translator) · 2026-10-04
In the reader:: Under each couplet
Licence:: Ours; marked AI
Made by:: Claude (Opus; exact version not recorded), 2026-10-04 (first commit of app/src/data/rawshanai-nama.json)
Notes: Written for this reader from the Kāviyānī Persian, then compared with Ethé's German (the triangulation in the text record); no copyrighted translation was consulted.

Transliteration (IJMES Persian, classical)Claude (AI), scripts/persian/scan_metre.py · 2026-10-04AIOur work

By: Claude (AI) (reading); scripts/persian/scan_metre.py (mechanical metre check) · 2026-10-04
In the reader:: Under each hemistich and in the word panel
Licence:: Ours; marked AI
Made by:: Claude (Opus; exact version not recorded), 2026-10-04 (first commit of app/src/data/rawshanai-nama.json)
Notes: A reading of the unvowelled Persian in classical pronunciation, with the metre (hazaj) deciding vowel length, the iḍāfa and the enclitic vowels; then checked mechanically against the metre. Hemistichs that do not scan as read are marked † and listed, not forced.

Word glossesClaude (AI) · 2026-10-04AIOur work

By: Claude (AI) (glosses) · 2026-10-04
In the reader:: One gloss per written form, in the sense the poem gives it
Licence:: Ours; marked AI
Made by:: Claude (Opus; exact version not recorded), 2026-10-04 (first commit of app/src/data/rawshanai-nama.json)

Translators differ (triangulation)Claude (AI) · 2026-10-04AIOur work

By: Claude (AI) (comparison of the translations, by hand per §17) · 2026-10-04
In the reader:: Only the serious divergences, as a note under the couplet
Licence:: Ours; marked AI
Made by:: Claude (Opus; exact version not recorded), 2026-10-04 (content/triangulation/rawshanai-nama.json generatedOn; made by hand per PROTOCOLS §17 (triangulate.py does not yet read Persian))

✦ marks AI that no person has reviewed yet; ✧ marks AI reviewed by a named person. Copyrighted works are cited, never shown. All sources · How texts are established

Transliteration: the scheme (IJMES Persian)

Persian script leaves out the short vowels, so a transliteration is a reading. This one gives classical Persian as Nāṣir's metre requires it, and the metre is what fixes vowel length, the iḍāfa and the enclitic vowels. It was written by AI and then checked mechanically: 362 of 368 hemistichs scan as the metre; the 6 that do not are marked † in the reader and listed in the text record.

Vowels: a i u short; ā ī ū long; ay aw diphthongs (classical, not modern ey ow). The majhūl vowels ē ō are not marked (written ī ū), as in IJMES.
Persian letters: p ch zh g; و as a consonant v (w only in the diphthong aw and in Arabic quotations); the silent vāv of خو written khv (khvīsh, khvud, khvāb).
Arabic letters: th dh ḥ kh ṣ ḍ ṭ ẓ ʿ gh q; hamza ʾ (not written at the start of a word). ث ذ ض are given as th dh ḍ, as everywhere in this reader, rather than IJMES Persian's s̱ ẕ ż; ذ in Persian words (gudhashtan) is written dh as the letter, not modern z.
Iḍāfa: -i after a consonant (dard-i dil), -yi after a vowel (vādī-yi, jūyā-yi), -yi after the silent h (nāma-yi); the indefinite -ī after h written -ʾī (ḥulla-ʾī).
Joins: Hyphens join prefixes (mī-, bi-, na-, ma-), enclitics (-ash, -am, -rā when the print joins it) and contractions (z-ān, k-ū, v-ar); ba- for the preposition, bi- for the verbal prefix; و after a consonant is u, linked to it in the metre (dil u jān).
Arabic phrases: As they are said in the line: astaghfiru llāh, rūḥu l-qudus, bu l-ʿajab.
Metre: hazaj musaddas maḥdhūf: mafāʿīlun mafāʿīlun faʿūlun (u – – – | u – – – | u – –), the metre of Niẓāmī's Khusraw u Shīrīn, with no substitution. Licences used in scanning: a final syllable of the hemistich counts long; CVVC and CVCC count long + short, except a long vowel + n; a short final vowel (ki, tu, -a, the iḍāfa -i) may count long; a long final vowel before a vowel may count short; a word beginning with a vowel may or may not take the consonant before it.

The selection

God's oneness · Ethé vv. 163–171 (9 couplets)
Sayings on oneness · Ethé vv. 172–187 (16 couplets)
The Universal Intellect and the Universal Soul · Ethé vv. 188–200 (13 couplets)
The making of the spheres and the stars · Ethé vv. 201–218 (18 couplets)
The elements and the three kingdoms · Ethé vv. 219–231 (13 couplets)
The making of the human being · Ethé vv. 232–249 (18 couplets)
The nobility of the human being · Ethé vv. 250–265 (16 couplets)
The return · Ethé vv. 266–274 (9 couplets)
Substance and accident · Ethé vv. 275–283 (9 couplets)
The outer and the inner senses · Ethé vv. 284–296 (13 couplets)
The perfection of the children of Adam · Ethé vv. 297–313 (17 couplets)
The ranks of lack and perfection in people · Ethé vv. 314–327 (14 couplets)
Knowing the soul · Ethé vv. 339–357 (19 couplets)

The text record

Our working notes: sources, decisions and what AI supplied. Show the notes

Added on 4 October 2026 (docs/research/nasir-khusraw-scope.md, §2): the reader's first text by Nāṣir-i Khusraw and its second continuous Persian verse, built exactly as ʿAṭṭār's Manṭiq al-ṭayr (docs/texts/mantiq-tayr.md). The selection is the poem's cosmological core.

Work / author / dates	Rawshanāʾī-nāma (the verse masnavī, not the prose Shish faṣl also so called), Nāṣir-i Khusraw (b. 394/1004, d. after 465/1073); about 590 couplets; dated 444/1053 by Ivanow from a Chitral MS [REPORTED]
Part added	184 couplets, Ethé's numbering: vv. 163–327 (Kāviyānī pp. 11–21: God's oneness, sayings on oneness, the Universal Intellect and Soul, the spheres, the elements and the three kingdoms, the making of the human being, his nobility, the return, substance and accident, the senses, human perfection, the ranks of lack and perfection) and vv. 339–357 (pp. 22–23: knowing the soul). The scope note asked for pp. 11–20 + 22; the two sections that run over a page (vv. 319–327 on p. 21, vv. 354–357 on p. 23) are completed rather than cut mid-section. vv. 328–338 (dar ʿawāmm al-nās) are left out, as planned.
Reader route	`/read/rawshanai-nama` · about `/read/rawshanai-nama/about` · sections `#tawhid` … `#nafs` · couplets `#v-<verse>`
Catalogue kind	`ismaili` (blurb widened to "tenth–eleventh century … al-Sijistānī and Nāṣir-i Khusraw"), `titleLang: "fa"`
Status	working edition · transcription AI-read from the page images, human proofreading pending · reviewed by: —

1. Edition, digital source, copyright

Base: the Kāviyānī edition, Berlin 1340/1921–22 (dar chāpkhāna-yi «Kāviyānī» dar Barlin), in the undated Tehran offset reprint (Kitābfurūshī-yi Maḥmūdī) bound with the Safarnāma and the Saʿādat-nāma. The Rawshanāʾī-nāma is separately paginated pp. 5–36.
Digital source: the page images of archive.org safarnmahinirkhu01niriuoft (University of Toronto, Robarts; 244 leaves, back to front). Printed page p = leaf n = 60 − p (p. 11 = n49, checked; p. 22 = n38): e.g. p. 11 <https://archive.org/details/safarnmahinirkhu01niriuoft/page/n49/mode/1up>, p. 22 <https://archive.org/details/safarnmahinirkhu01niriuoft/page/n38/mode/1up>. Each verse number in the reader links to its page. The local copy is data/raw/persian/nasir-khusraw/safarnama-rawshanai-saadat_tehran-1922.pdf (same scan; PDF page = leaf + 1). The OCR is unusable (scope note §1.4).
What the Kāviyānī text is. It reprints Hermann Ethé's critical text "with notes and small changes" (editor's introduction): Ethé, "Nâṣir Chusrau's Rûšanâînâma oder Buch der Erleuchtung, in Text und Uebersetzung, nebst Noten …", part I in ZDMG 33 (1879), pp. 645–665 (vv. 1–162) and part II in ZDMG 34 (1880), pp. 428–464 (vv. 163ff.), from three MSS: G (Gotha), L (Leiden), I (India Office). So for this selection Ethé's Persian is in ZDMG 34, printed above his German on the same pages (not ZDMG 33, as the scope note assumed). The Kāviyānī footnotes give MS readings (G, L, I) and corrections marked (غ) / (غ ظ) by the editor.
Numbering. The Kāviyānī prints no verse numbers; ours are Ethé's, checked against his marginal numerals (every fifth verse: 163, 170, 175, 180, 185, 190, 195, 200, 205, 210, 215, 220, 225, 230, 235, 240, 245, 250, 255, 260, 265, 270, 275, 280, 285, 290, 295, 300, 305, 310, 315, 320, 325, 330, 340, 345, 350, 355, all matching).
Copyright. The base text: PD-US (published 1921–22; a photomechanical reprint adds nothing). Ethé's text and German (Ethé d. 1917): public domain. The editor M. Ghanī-zāda's introduction is NOT reproduced, nor his footnotes (our apparatus describes them in our words). The *Saʿādat-nāma* in the same volume (attribution doubtful) is not included.

2. Transcription

Source file: scripts/persian/kaviani-1340-rawshanai.tsv (verse, hemistich 1, hemistich 2, printed page, flag), with the edition's headings (#H), reader sections (#S, 13) and the gap (#G, vv. 328–338).
Method: each page image rendered at 250 dpi from the PDF and read in three bands by AI (Claude); every word follows the image; Ethé's Persian (ZDMG 34) was used to check the numbering and, at three places, to settle what the image shows (v. 179 ازیرا, v. 180 کنی, both confirmed on a zoomed image).
Normalisation: word spacing; ی/ک; no vowel marks; the print's joined forms kept where they are one word in the line (اورا, بچشم, زآب, کزین); v. 206 وآن written as one word (the metre reads v-ān).
Flagged doubtful (?, shown to the reader with a note):
- v. 200 ازان آمد فروغ عقل ماوای: the Kāviyānī editor says all three MSS must be corrupt; Ethé took L's reading. Taqavī: furūd-i ʿaql dar vāy.
- v. 220 که زادستند این هر چار افلاک: Ethé prints ازین "from these"; Taqavī … این هر چار ز افلاک "born of the spheres".
- v. 225 بهم بستند یکسر را خوشی جان: unclear; MS I ākhshījān "the elements"; Taqavī ʿahd u paymān "covenant and pact".
- v. 290 نبضت: Ethé's combination of damaged readings ("G: نبرت"); Taqavī tan rā "the body".
Not flagged but noted: v. 203 یکی را (all three MSS ره, "once": Ethé and the Kāviyānī print را; Taqavī ره).
To do: a human proofreading against the images; a full collation with Taqavī (§2a).

2a. Second witness: the Taqavī Dīvān (1925–28)

Dīvān-i Nāṣir-i Khusraw, ed. Naṣr Allāh Taqavī et al. (Tehran 1304–07/1925–28), archive.org DivaanNaserXosrowDivanEQasaaidOMuqattaaatEHakeemNasirKhusrauFarsi, local data/raw/persian/nasir-khusraw/divan_taqavi-tehran-1925-28.pdf (PDF page = printed page + 116; the Rawshanāʾī-nāma title at printed p. 511, v. 163 at p. 517). It re-collates the Berlin text (its sigla: B = Berlin) with a manuscript and often differs in order and in readings; it also has couplets Ethé left out (e.g. before v. 232, chi guftand ān ḥakīmān sukhan-gūy, which Ethé dropped as a repetition). Checked only at the doubtful places and the lines that do not scan (pp. 517–525), not collated in full. Readings recorded:

v.	Kāviyānī (base)	Taqavī	Bearing
171	zabūn-ast	burūn-ast (L's reading)
176	gul u shimshād bar khāk ū nigārad	gul u shimshād u sarv ū mī-nigārad
178	ham ū z-āb-i manī kard-ast	hama z-āb-i manī karda-ast
185	zi jaw jaw āyad	zi jaw jaw rūyad
180–184, 186		in another order
188	zi avval	az avval
194	ān du dīgar	ān du gawhar
200	furūgh-i ʿaql māvāy	furūd-i ʿaql dar vāy	doubtful line
203	yakī rā	yakī rah	with the MSS
213	khvāham z-īn badar shud "go out from this"	khvāham zī pidar shud "go to the Father" (cf. John 14:28)	§5, serious
214	farzand-i ʿaql-i kull; ruhbān	farzand-i nafs-i kull; rahbar	§5
219	maʿnī chu durr	maʿnī-yi chūn durr (iḍāfa marked)	metre: see §3a
220	īn har chār aflāk	īn har chār z-aflāk	doubtful line
221	sard u khushk u garm u tar bast / … tar hast	garm u khushk u sard u tar hast / chunān-chūn sardtar u khushktar hast
225	yaksar rā khvushī jān	yaksar ʿahd u paymān	doubtful line
235	chūnk futād	chūnki uftād	metre: scans
240	yār bā ū māh	māh ū-rā māh
251	tuʾī tu bigū ākhir kudām-ast	tuʾī-yi tu bigū tā khvud kudām-ast	metre: see §3a
258	zi jā u az jihat hastī	zi jā-yi u az jihat bāshī
288	dilat rā armaghānī tamām-ast	dilat z-ū bā maʿānī tamām-ast	metre
290	nabḍat hast bahra / chu narmī yā durushtī	tan rā hast bahra / chu az narmī biyābad	doubtful word

These are recorded, not taken into the text: the base stays the Kāviyānī as printed.

3. Layers

Layer	Source	Status
Persian	Kāviyānī 1921–22 (after Ethé), our transcription	PD-US base; ours
English, per couplet	AI (Claude), `scripts/persian/ai/rawshanai-nama-en.tsv`, written from the Kāviyānī Persian; compared with Ethé afterwards (§5)	AI, marked
Word glosses	AI (Claude), `scripts/persian/ai/rawshanai-nama-glosses.tsv`: 957 written forms; function words reuse ʿAṭṭār's glosses, the poem's terms (ʿaql, nafs, jawhar, ʿaraḍ …) glossed afresh	AI, marked
Transliteration	AI (Claude), `scripts/persian/ai/rawshanai-nama-tr.tsv`, IJMES Persian (§3a)	AI, marked; 362/368 hemistichs scan
Ethé's German	ZDMG 34 (1880) pp. 428–457, `scripts/persian/ethe-1880-de.tsv`, transcribed from the archive.org page images of `in.ernet.dli.2015.530651` (DLI scan of ZDMG 34; leaf n = page + 68, e.g. p. 428 = <https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.530651/page/n496/mode/1up>), checked against the item's OCR. Only pp. 428–459 were fetched (`data/raw/persian/nasir-khusraw/ethe-zdmg34/`). ZDMG 33 (part I) is `in.ernet.dli.2015.530650` (not fetched: not needed for this selection).	public domain; shown per couplet (Aa → Ethé, off by default)

Build: python3 scripts/persian/build_rawshanai.py → app/src/data/rawshanai-nama.json.

3a. Transliteration and metre

Scheme as for ʿAṭṭār (mantiq-tayr.md §3a; About page #transliteration). The metre is hazaj musaddas maḥdhūf (mafāʿīlun mafāʿīlun faʿūlun, u – – – | u – – – | u – –), checked by scripts/persian/scan_metre.py --text rawshanai-nama: the ʿAṭṭār scanner generalised to take the metre as a parameter (METRES: ramal, hazaj; TEXTS: each text's metre and files). Re-running ʿAṭṭār gives 549/564, unchanged, and mantiq-tayr.json rebuilds byte-identical. Negative controls fail as they should (a word dropped, an iḍāfa removed, ramal feet).

Readings the metre decided, for example: v. 172 ṣāniʿ-i haft u chahār; v. 189 ʿillat-i ūlāsh, ādam-i maʿnīsh; v. 195 khvāndash; v. 205/242 Zāvūsh with long ū; v. 206 v-ān, bihisht ābād Nāhīd without iḍāfa; v. 212 kurra-yi (the print's shadda); v. 236 Mushtarī-yash; v. 254 jān-i bu l-ʿajab; v. 275 z aʿlā … ba-asfal; v. 317 ẓulmānī-yash; v. 343 ḥayf-i tamām; Arabic plurals said Persian-fashion (ḥavās, ʿām-and, khāṣān). Two places take an unwritten iḍāfa that Taqavī marks (with a shadda on the yā): v. 219 maʿnī-yi chu durr, v. 251 tuʾī-yi tu.

Result: 184/184 couplets, 368 hemistichs; 362 scan, 6 do not. Marked † in the reader:

Verse	Hemistich (as read)	Note
190.1	mar ū-rā ʿālam-i jabarūt nām-ast	jabarūt (u u –) does not fit; jabrūt would
191.1, .2	az-īrā khāma-yi yazdānash khvānand / rasūl-i nāma-yi yazdānash khvānand	both halves fail at the same place (-nash khvā-); Taqavī the same words (nāmand for khvānand in .2)
196.1	bidān gar jānat bā ʿaql āshnā shud	the second foot opens long (-nat); Taqavī the same
235.1	v-az-ān pas dar mashīma chūnk futād	Taqavī's chūnki uftād scans
288.2	dilat rā armaghānī tamām-ast	one syllable short; Taqavī dilat z-ū bā maʿānī-yi tamām-ast differs

4. Notes on the text

v. 218 and v. 231 name the poet by his rank in the Ismaili mission, Ḥujjat ("the Proof"), "sitting like a king in Yumgān", his place of exile in Badakhshān.
vv. 172–187: against those who make God the direct maker of the four elements and seven planets (Ethé's note), or of plants and seed: God creates the Intellect only; "one came to be manifest from Him" (v. 184; the Neoplatonic ex uno non fit nisi unum).
vv. 188–200: the Universal Intellect = the Throne, the First Cause, the Adam of meaning, the world of jabarūt, the pen; the Universal Soul = the Eve of meaning, the sum of the angels, the Tablet, the Footstool. Parallel (not a documented source) to al-Sijistānī's Maqālīd, Intellect and Soul keys (/read/maqalid).
vv. 236–242: the embryo nurtured month by month by the seven planets (Saturn → … → moon → Saturn, Jupiter delivering in the ninth).
v. 213: the Messiah's saying; the Taqavī reading zī pidar "to the Father" is attractive (John 14:28); Ethé translates the Kāviyānī's.
Quran: v. 349 Abraham the idol-breaker, son of Āzar (Q 6:74); v. 352 Qārūn (Q 28:76–82); v. 183 astaghfiru llāh. Not run through scripts/quran_refs.py (Arabic only; to adapt, as for ʿAṭṭār).

5. Triangulation (§17): our English and Ethé's German

Done by hand in this session (scripts/triangulate.py does not read Persian yet), written to app/src/content/triangulation/rawshanai-nama.json in the standard format; the reader shows "Translators differ" under 13 couplets. Ethé's German is a free rhymed version, but it keeps one couplet to two lines, so the comparison is couplet by couplet. They agree on the sense of the other 171 couplets. The divergences:

v.	Cause	Ethé	Our English	Note
200	variant	Soul lends glory to the Intellect's throne-seat	radiance of the Intellect's abode	corrupt line (Taqavī differs)
209	interpretation	all have an equal share in God's kingdom	look well into God's kingdom	yakī
213	variant	"I strive out of constraint"	"I will go out of this"	Taqavī: "to the Father"
214	variant	sprung from Soul and Intellect	child of the Universal Intellect	Taqavī: of the Universal Soul
225	variant	soul given to all to please by doing good	bound in the pleasure of soul (?)	Taqavī: covenant and pact
235	term	God lays the ground	the master of the sphere	the planets follow
262	interpretation	He loves to give the unchanging	nothing is lessened in Him
290	variant	(omits the doubtful word)	your pulse (?)	Taqavī: the body
304	term	the gardener tends the tree	its gardener is the Lord	parvardigār
318	interpretation	the heart macrocosm, the body microcosm	man the lesser world, the cosmos the greater
320	syntax	must care for others	is a nurturer (or: knower of himself and of the Lord)
351	consonantal	princes (malik) serve the porter	an angel (malak) serves a doorkeeper	ملک
352	term	half-blindness suits Qārūn (aʿwar)	Qārūn stripped bare (ʿūr)

AI-English check (aiCheck): no contradiction of a reading the two share. Doubtful, for review: v. 272 (az Īzad … bāz), v. 320 (above). v. 220 agrees once its bracket is read.

6. Open questions

Human proofreading of the transcription; the four doubtful readings; a full collation with Taqavī (only ~25 lines checked).
The six hemistichs that do not scan (several point to the text, not the reading: Taqavī scans at v. 235).
Persian lemmatisation for the word panel; Quran references (§4).

7. Change log

2026-10-04: scanner generalised (scan_metre.py; ʿAṭṭār 549/564 unchanged); vv. 163–327, 339–357 transcribed from the Kāviyānī images with Ethé's numbering; transliteration (362/368 scan), glosses (957 forms), AI English; Ethé's German per couplet (ZDMG 34 page images); Taqavī checked at the doubtful places; triangulation (13 divergences); reader /read/rawshanai-nama, catalogue kind ismaili, Platonic-current node nasir_khusraw → read: rawshanai-nama.