Mashrabaمشربة

The Object of Accompaniment (al-mafʿūl maʿahu)

الْمَفْعُولُ مَعَهُ

Verses 311–315 · chapter 25 of 78

This chapter defines the object of accompaniment: a noun put in the accusative after a wāw meaning 'with', governed by a preceding verb or verb-like word. It records the accusative after interrogative mā and kayfa, and it sets out when coordination is preferred, when the accusative is preferred, and when the accusative is obligatory or an implied verb must be assumed.

Topic:The accusative

OpenITI · Alfiyya text ·OpenITI · Ibn ʿAqīl commentary (Arabic) · vowelling and English · Tap a word (CAMeL Tools)
  1. 311

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    The noun that follows the wāw is put in the accusative as an object of accompaniment, in a case like sīrī wa-ṭ-ṭarīqa musriʿah ('Go, [fem.], along the road, hurrying') [where wāw means 'with' and aṭ-ṭarīqa is accusative].

    OpenITI line 416 · vol. 1, p. 30 ↗
  2. 312

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    This accusative is caused by the verb or verb-like word [e.g. a participle] that comes before it. According to the more correct view, the wāw itself does not cause it.

    OpenITI line 417 · vol. 1, p. 30 ↗
    Ibn ʿAqīl on verses 311–312Arabic

    المفعول معه هو الاسم المنتصب بعد واو بمعنى مع

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 3587 · vol. 2, p. 201 ↗

    والناصب له ما تقدمه من الفعل أو شبهه

    فمثال الفعل سيري والطريق مسرعة أي سيري مع الطريق فالطريق منصوب بسيري

    ومثال شبه الفعل زيد سائر والطريق وأعجبني سيرك والطريق فالطريق منصوب بسائر وسيرك

    وزعم قوم أن الناصب للمفعول معه الواو وهو غير صحيح لأن كل حرف اختص بالاسم ولم يكن كالجزء منه لم يعمل إلا الجر كحروف الجر وإنما قيل ولم يكن كالجزء منه احترازا من الألف واللام فإنها اختصت بالاسم ولم تعمل فيه شيئا لكونها كالجزء منه بدليل تخطي العامل لها نحو مررت بالغلام

    ويستفاد من قول المصنف في نحير سيري والطريق مسرعة أن المفعول معه مقيس فيما كان مثل ذلك وهو كل اسم وقع بعد واو بمعنى مع وتقدمه فعل أو شبهه وهذا هو الصحيح من قول النحويين

    وكذلك يفهم من قوله بما من الفعل وشبهه سبق أن عامله لا بد أن يتقدم عليه فلا تقول والنيل سرت وهذا باتفاق أما تقدمه على مصاحبه نحو سار والنيل زيد ففيه خلاف والصحيح منعه

  3. 313

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    After interrogative mā or kayfa, some Arabs used the accusative [e.g. mā laka wa-Zaydan 'What is with you and Zayd?', kayfa anta wa-qaṣʿatan min tharīdin 'How are you with a bowl of tharīd?']. The accusative is governed by an understood verb of 'being' [mā takūnu wa-Zaydan, kayfa takūnu wa-qaṣʿatan].

    OpenITI line 418 · vol. 1, p. 30 ↗
    Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 313Arabic

    حق المفعول معه أن يسبقه فعل أو شبهه كما تقدم تمثيله وسمع من كلام العرب نصبه بعد ما وكيف الاستفهاميتين من غير أن يلفظ بفعل نحو ما أنت وزيدا وكيف أنت وقصعة من ثريد فخرجه النحويون على أنه منصوب بفعل مضمر مشتق من الكون والتقدير ما تكون وزيدا وكيف تكون وقصعة من ثريد فزيدا وقصعة منصوبان بتكون المضمرة

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 3604 · vol. 2, p. 203 ↗
  4. 314

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    Coordination, if it is possible without weakness, is more fitting [jāʾa Zaydun wa-ʿAmrun 'Zayd and ʿAmr came' is better than wa-ʿAmran]. The accusative is preferred where coordination would be weak [e.g. jiʾtu wa-Zaydan 'I came with Zayd', since coordinating onto an attached nominative pronoun without a separating element is weak].

    OpenITI line 419 · vol. 1, p. 30 ↗
  5. 315

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    The accusative is obligatory if coordination is not allowed [e.g. sirtu wa-n-Nīla 'I travelled along the Nile', since the Nile does not travel]. Or else assume an implied governor, and you will be correct [e.g. ʿalaftuhā tibnan wa-māʾan bāridan 'I fed her straw and cold water', understood as wa-saqaytuhā māʾan 'and gave her water to drink'].

    OpenITI line 420 · vol. 1, p. 30 ↗

    AI note on the transcription: أَوِ اعْتَقِدْ إِضْمَارَ عَامِلٍ تُصِبْ — the transcription has أعتقد with hamzat al-qaṭʿ, which would make it first person ('I believe'). The verse needs the imperative اعْتَقِدْ with hamzat al-waṣl, because the jussive تُصِبْ is the answer to that imperative.

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verses 314–315Arabic

    الاسم الواقع بعد هذه الواو إما أن يمكن عطفه على ما قبله أولا فإن أمكن عطفه فإما أن يكون بضعف أو بلا ضعف

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 3612 · vol. 2, p. 205 ↗

    فإن أمكن عطفه بلا ضعف فهو أحق من النصب نحو كنت أنا وزيد كالأخوين فرفع زيد عطفا على المضمر المتصل أولى من نصبه مفعولا معه لأن العطف ممكن للفصل والتشريك أولى من عدم التشريك ومثله سار زيد وعمرو فرفع عمرو أولى من نصبه

    وإن أمكن العطف بضعف فالنصب على المعية أولى من التشريك لسلامته من الضعف نحو سرت وزيدا فنصب زيد أولى من رفعه لضعف العطف على المضمر المرفوع المتصل بلا فاصل

    وإن لم يمكن عطفه تعين النصب على المعية أو على إضمار فعل يليق به كقوله 116 -

    علفتها تبنا وماء باردا …

    فماء منصوب على المعية أو على إضمار فعل يليق به والتقدير وسقيتها ماء باردا وكقوله تعالى ﴿ فأجمعوا أمركم وشركاءكم ﴾ فقوله وشركاءكم لا يجوز عطفه على أمركم لأن العطف على نية تكرار العامل إذ لا يصح أن يقال أجمعت شركائي وإنما يقال أجمعت أمري وجمعت شركائي فشركائي منصوب على المعية والتقدير والله أعلم فأجمعوا أمركم مع شركائكم أو منصوب بفعل يليق به والتقدير فأجمعوا أمركم واجمعوا شركاءكم