Mughnī al-labīb
مُغْنِي اللَّبِيب
Ibn Hishām's Mughnī al-labīb ʿan kutub al-aʿārīb (“What spares the intelligent the books of parsing”) is the reference work on the particles and on how to parse a sentence. Its first chapter, تفسير المفردات, takes every particle (and the nouns and verbs that do a particle's work) in alphabetical order. The book is large, so here is that chapter as an index: each headword opens the OpenITI text at its line.
- Single alif (hamza): interrogative and vocative particleal-alif al-mufrada · vol. 1, p. 16 ↗الألف
- Idhan: particle of answer and requital; governs subjunctiveidhan · vol. 1, p. 29 ↗إذن
Topic:The accusative
- In (light): conditional, negative, lightened inna, redundantin al-maksūra al-khafīfa · vol. 1, p. 32 ↗إن المكسورة الخفيفة
Topic:The jussive
- An: infinitive particle, explanatory, lightened anna, redundantan al-maftūḥat al-hamza al-sākinat al-nūn · vol. 1, p. 40 ↗أن المفتوحة الهمزة الساكنة النون
- Inna: emphatic particle governing a noun; also 'yes'inna al-maksūra al-mushaddada · vol. 1, p. 54 ↗إن المكسورة المشددة
- Anna: emphatic particle forming an infinitive clauseanna al-maftūḥa al-mushaddadat al-nūn · vol. 1, p. 58 ↗أن المفتوحة المشددة النون
- Am: connective and disjunctive 'or'; Ḥimyarite definite articleam · vol. 1, p. 60 ↗أم
- Al: definite article, relative pronoun, redundantal · vol. 1, p. 70 ↗أل
- Amā: opening particle; 'truly'; particle of offeramā bi-l-fatḥ wa-l-takhfīf · vol. 1, p. 77 ↗أما بالفتح والتخفيف
- Ammā: 'as for', conditional and detailing particleammā bi-l-fatḥ wa-l-tashdīd · vol. 1, p. 78 ↗أما بالفتح والتشديد
- Immā: 'either…or': doubt, vagueness, choice, permission, detailingimmā al-maksūra al-mushaddada · vol. 1, p. 83 ↗إما المكسورة المشددة
- Aw: 'or': doubt, vagueness, choice, permission, detailingaw · vol. 1, p. 86 ↗أو
- Alā: opening particle; reproach, denial, wish, offer, urgingalā bi-fatḥ al-hamza wa-l-takhfīf · vol. 1, p. 94 ↗ألا بفتح الهمزة والتخفيف
- Illā: exception; adjectival 'other than'; conditional in plus lāillā bi-l-kasr wa-l-tashdīd · vol. 1, p. 97 ↗إلا بالكسر والتشديد
- Allā: particle of urgingallā bi-l-fatḥ wa-l-tashdīd · vol. 1, p. 101 ↗ألا بالفتح والتشديد
- Ilā: preposition 'to, until'; also 'with', 'at', 'in'ilā · vol. 1, p. 103 ↗إلى
Topic:The genitive
- Ay: explanatory particle 'that is'; vocative for the nearay bi-l-fatḥ wa-l-sukūn · vol. 1, p. 105 ↗أي بالفتح والسكون
- Ayy: conditional, interrogative, relative, descriptive, vocative linkayy bi-fatḥ al-hamza wa-tashdīd al-yāʾ · vol. 1, p. 106 ↗أي بفتح الهمزة وتشديد الياء
- Idh: past time noun; also future, causal, surpriseidh · vol. 1, p. 110 ↗إذ
- Idh mā: conditional particle governing the jussiveidh mā · vol. 1, p. 119 ↗إذ ما
- Idhā: particle of surprise; conditional future time adverbidhā · vol. 1, p. 119 ↗إذا
- Aymun: noun used in oathsaymun · vol. 1, p. 135 ↗ايمن
- Single bāʾ: preposition of adhesion, instrument, cause, accompanimental-bāʾ al-mufrada · vol. 1, p. 136 ↗الباء
Topic:The genitive
- Bajal: 'yes'; noun meaning 'enough'bajal · vol. 1, p. 150 ↗بجل
- Bal: conjunction of digression, 'rather'bal · vol. 1, p. 150 ↗بل
- Balā: affirmative answer to a negative statement or questionbalā · vol. 1, p. 152 ↗بلى
- Bayda: 'except that, however'; 'because'bayda · vol. 1, p. 154 ↗بيد
- Bala: 'let alone': verbal noun, infinitive, or 'how'bala · vol. 1, p. 155 ↗بله
- Single tāʾ: oath particle, feminine marker, pronounal-tāʾ al-mufrada · vol. 1, p. 156 ↗التاء
Topic:Masculine and feminine
- Thumma: conjunction of sequence with delaythumma bi-l-fatḥ · vol. 1, p. 161 ↗ثم بالفتح
- Jalal: 'yes'; noun 'great or trivial matter', 'for the sake of'jalal · vol. 1, p. 162 ↗جلل
- Ḥāshā: exceptive verb or preposition; 'far be it'ḥāshā ʿalā thalāthat awjuh · vol. 1, p. 163 ↗حاشا على ثلاثة أوجه
- Ḥattā: 'until': preposition, conjunction, inceptive particleḥattā · vol. 1, p. 165 ↗حتى
Topic:The genitive
- Ḥaythu: adverb of place 'where'ḥaythu · vol. 1, p. 175 ↗حيث
- Khalā: exceptive preposition or verbkhalā ʿalā wajhayn · vol. 1, p. 177 ↗خلا على وجهين
- Rubba: preposition of fewness or abundancerubba · vol. 1, p. 178 ↗رب
Topic:The genitive
- Single sīn: future markeral-sīn al-mufrada · vol. 1, p. 183 ↗السين
- Sawfa: future marker, more distant futuresawfa · vol. 1, p. 184 ↗سوف
- Siyy: 'like', as in lā siyyamā 'especially'siyy · vol. 1, p. 185 ↗سي
- Sawāʾ: 'equal'; 'middle'; 'other than'sawāʾ · vol. 1, p. 186 ↗سواء
- ʿAlā: preposition 'on, over'; also noun and verbʿalā · vol. 1, p. 188 ↗على
Topic:The genitive
- ʿAn: preposition 'away from'; noun 'side'; infinitive particleʿan · vol. 1, p. 195 ↗عن
Topic:The genitive
- ʿAwḍu: adverb 'ever, never' for future timeʿawḍu · vol. 1, p. 199 ↗عوض
- ʿAsā: verb of hope and apprehension; like laʿallaʿasā · vol. 1, p. 200 ↗عسى
- ʿAlu: noun meaning 'above'ʿalu bi-lām khafīfa · vol. 1, p. 204 ↗عل بلام خفيفة
- ʿInda: adverb of presence 'at, near, with'ʿinda · vol. 1, p. 205 ↗عند
- Ghayr: noun 'other than'; used for exceptionghayr · vol. 1, p. 208 ↗غير
- Single fāʾ: conjunction of sequence, apodosis link, redundantal-fāʾ al-mufrada · vol. 1, p. 212 ↗الفاء
- Fī: preposition 'in': place, time, cause, accompanimentfī · vol. 1, p. 222 ↗في
Topic:The genitive
- Qaṭṭu: 'ever' in negated past; 'only, enough'qaṭṭu · vol. 1, p. 232 ↗قط
- Single kāf: preposition of comparison; pronoun; address markeral-kāf al-mufrada · vol. 1, p. 232 ↗الكاف
Topic:The genitive
- Kay: purpose and infinitive particle; interrogative 'why'kay · vol. 1, p. 240 ↗كي
Topic:The accusative
- Kam: interrogative and exclamatory 'how many'kam · vol. 1, p. 242 ↗كم
- Kadhā: 'thus'; 'such-and-such' for number or thingkadhā · vol. 1, p. 246 ↗كذا
- Kallā: deterrent 'no!'; 'truly'kallā · vol. 1, p. 248 ↗كلا
- Kaʾanna: comparison 'as if'; doubt; certaintykaʾanna · vol. 1, p. 251 ↗كأن
- Kilā and kiltā: 'both' (masculine and feminine)kilā wa-kiltā · vol. 1, p. 267 ↗كلا وكلتا
Topic:Singular, dual, plural
- Kayfa: 'how': interrogative and conditionalkayfa · vol. 1, p. 269 ↗كيف
- Single lām: governing and non-governing usesal-lām al-mufrada · vol. 1, p. 273 ↗اللام
Topics:The genitiveThe jussive
- Lā: negation, prohibition, redundantlā · vol. 1, p. 312 ↗لا
Topic:The jussive
- Lāta: negative particle with time nounslāta · vol. 1, p. 333 ↗لات
- Law: conditional 'if'; wish, infinitive, offerlaw · vol. 1, p. 336 ↗لو
- Lawlā: 'were it not for'; urging and reproachlawlā · vol. 1, p. 358 ↗لولا
Topic:Topic and predicate
- Lawmā: same functions as lawlālawmā · vol. 1, p. 363 ↗لوما
- Lam: jussive negation of the pastlam · vol. 1, p. 364 ↗لم
- Lammā: jussive negation; 'when'; 'except'lammā · vol. 1, p. 366 ↗لما
Topic:The jussive
- Lan: subjunctive negation of the futurelan · vol. 1, p. 372 ↗لن
- Layta: particle of wishing 'would that'layta · vol. 1, p. 374 ↗ليت
- Laʿalla: hope and apprehension, 'perhaps'laʿalla · vol. 1, p. 376 ↗لعل
- Lākinna: particle of rectification 'but', governing a nounlākinna mushaddadat al-nūn · vol. 1, p. 382 ↗لكن مشددة النون
- Lākin: conjunction or inceptive 'but'lākin sākinat al-nūn · vol. 1, p. 384 ↗لكن ساكنة النون
- Laysa: negating verb 'is not'laysa · vol. 1, p. 385 ↗ليس
- Mā: relative, interrogative, conditional; negative, infinitive, redundantmā · vol. 1, p. 389 ↗ما
Topic:The verbal noun
- Man: 'who': conditional, interrogative, relative, indefiniteman · vol. 1, p. 418 ↗من
Topic:The genitive
- Mahmā: conditional noun 'whatever'; interrogativemahmā · vol. 1, p. 434 ↗مهما
Topic:The jussive
- Maʿa: noun of accompaniment 'with'maʿa · vol. 1, p. 438 ↗مع
- Matā: 'when': interrogative, conditional; Hudhalī preposition 'from'matā · vol. 1, p. 439 ↗متى
Topic:The jussive
- Mundhu and mudh: 'since': preposition or nounmundhu wa-mudh · vol. 1, p. 440 ↗منذ ومذ
- Single nūn: energetic, feminine plural, protective nūnal-nūn al-mufrada · vol. 1, p. 442 ↗النون
- Single hāʾ: pronoun; pausal hāʾal-hāʾ al-mufrada · vol. 1, p. 453 ↗الهاء
Topic:Masculine and feminine
- Hā: attention particle; verbal noun 'take'; pronounhā · vol. 1, p. 454 ↗ها
- Hal: yes-no interrogative particlehal · vol. 1, p. 455 ↗هل
- Single wāw: conjunction, accompaniment, oath, circumstantial, inceptiveal-wāw al-mufrada · vol. 1, p. 462 ↗الواو
- Wā: vocative of lamentation; exclamation of wonderwā · vol. 1, p. 481 ↗وا
- Single yāʾ: pronoun; feminine and inflection markeral-yāʾ al-mufrada · vol. 1, p. 486 ↗الياء