Mashrabaمشربة

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One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ إِلَهِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ آدَمِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶17 in the text

17 · 90 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَما صَحَّتِ الخِلافَةُ إلَّا لِلإنْسانِ الكامِلِ فأنْشَأَ صُورَتَهُ الظّاهِرَةَ مِنْ حَقائقِ العالَمِ وصُوَرِهِ وأنْشَأَ صُورَتَهُ الباطِنَةَ على صُورَتِهِ تعالى ولِذلكَ قالَ فيهِ كُنْتُ سَمْعَهُ وبَصَرَهُ ما قالَ كُنْتُ عَيْنَهُ وأُذُنَهُ فَفَرَّقَ بينَ الصُّورَتَيْنِ وهَكَذا هوَ في كُلِّ مَوْجُودٍ مِنَ العالَمِ بِقَدْرِ ما تَطْلُبُهُ حَقيقَةُ ذلكَ المَوْجُودِ لٰكِنْ لَيْسَ لأَحَدٍ مَجْمُوعُ ما لِلْخَلِيفَةِ فَما فازَ إلَّا بِالمَجْمُوعِ ولَوْلا سَرَيانُ الحَقِّ في المَوْجُوداتِ بِالصُّورَةِ ما كانَ لِلْعالَمِ وُجُودٌ كما أنَّهُ لَوْلا تِلْكَ الحَقائِقُ المَعْقُولَةُ الكُلِّيَّةُ ما ظَهَرَ حُكْمٌ في المَوْجُوداتِ العَيْنِيَّةِ ومِنْ هذِهِ الحَقيقَةِ كانَ الافْتِقارُ مِنَ العالَمِ إلى الحَقِّ في وُجُودِهِ

So vicegerency is valid only for the perfect human. For He configured his manifest form from the realities of the cosmos and its forms, and He configured his nonmanifest form upon His own form (exalted is He). That is why He said concerning him, "I am his hearing and his sight" [ḥadīth qudsī of supererogatory works, al-Bukhārī]; He did not say, "I am his eye and his ear." Thus He distinguished between the two forms. And so it is with Him in every existent of the cosmos, according to the measure of what the reality of that existent requires. But no one has the totality that belongs to the vicegerent; he has attained [vicegerency] only through the totality. Were it not for the Real's permeation of the existents through the form, the cosmos would have no existence, just as, were it not for those universal intelligible realities, no ruling property would become manifest in the concrete existents. And from this reality derives the cosmos's need for the Real in its existence.

al-Qāshānī

﴿فما صحت الخلافة إلا للإنسان الكامل فأنشأ صورته الظاهرة﴾

أي لما ثبت أن استحقاق آدم للخلافة إنما يكون بالصورتين أنشأ صورته الظاهرة

That is, since it is established that Adam's deserving of the caliphate comes only through the two forms, He brought into being his manifest form

al-Jandī

﴿فما صحّت الخلافة إلَّا للإنسان الكامل فأنشأ صورته الظاهرة من حقائق العالم وصوره ، وأنشأ صورته الباطنة على صورته تعالى .ولذلك قال : « كنت سمعه وبصره » ولم يقل : كنت عينه وأذنه ، ففرّق بين الصورتين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بيان إيجاد الحق صورة ظاهر الإنسانقال العبد : أمّا إنشاء صورته الظاهرة من حقائق العالم وصوره فمن حيث إنّ ظاهرية الإنسان أحدية جمع جميع الحقائق الكونية وصورها .فما من ذرّة من ذرّات الوجود من العقل الأوّل إلى آخر نوع من أنواع الموجودات الكونية إلَّا وفي نسخة ظاهر الإنسان الكامل نظيرتها ومندوحتها ، ونسبتها إليه كنسبة الأصل إلى الفرع . ونسبة حقائق ذات الإنسان وصورها إلى حقائق العالم وصورها نسبة الأصل إلى الفرع ،ولقد ذكرنا نظائر حقائق العالم وصورها من الإنسان الكامل في الشرح الكبير ، وربما يحشو حشو حواشي هذا المختصر شيء من ذلك ، حتى يكون الكتاب كافيا وافيا. والله الموفّق والمؤيّد والمعين .بيان إظهار صورة باطن الإنسان الكاملوأمّا إنشاء الله تعالى صورة باطن الإنسان على صورته تعالى فهو أنّ الإنسان الكامل حاو ، جامع لجميع الأسماء الإلهية الفعلية الوجوبية وجميع نسب الربوبية فإنّه أعني الإنسان الكامل واجب الوجود بربّه. عرش لله بقلبه ، فهو حق ، واجب الوجود ، حيّ ، عالم ، قدير ، مريد ، متكلَّم ، سميع ، بصير وهكذا جميع الأسماء ، ولكن بالله على الوجه الأجمع الأكمل .وصورة الله التي خلق الله آدم عليها هي أحدية جمع جميع هذه الحقائق الربانية الإلهية على الإطلاق ، لا غير ، فباطن الإنسان على صورة الله ، وظاهره على صورة العالم وحقائقه.والظاهر مجلى ومرآة للباطن ، والباطن متعيّن في الظاهر وبه بحسبه كما عيّن رسول الله صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم فيما أسنده إلى الله تعالى أنّه قال :"كنت سمعه وبصره " ولم يقل عينه وأذنه ، ففرّق بين صورته الظاهرة وصورته الباطنة .يريد رضي الله عنه في هذا ، الحديث ، وإلَّا ففي غيره التعميم والشمول على صورتية الظاهرة والباطنة ، ولا تظنّنّ قولنا : " صورته الظاهرة " جسمانية فقط فليس المراد ذلك .بل خليقته من جسم وروح ، وقوى وعقل ، ومعان وصفات وغيرها ممّا يصدق إطلاق الخليقة وما سوى الله عليه ، فالهيئة الجمعية من جميع ما ذكرنا هي صورته الظاهرة .فبهذا كان الإنسان الكامل بظاهره صورة العالم الأحدية الجمعية .وقيل : فيه العالم الصغير ، أي من حيث الصورة .والذي يتضمّن هذا الحديث من الفرق بين الصورتين والتخصيص فهو أنّ السمع والبصر حقيقتان ملكوتيّتان وإلهيّتان للنفس أو للروح كيف شئت وأمّا العين والأذن فهما آلتا إدراك المبصرات والمسموعات بالنسبة إلى من إدراكه مقيّد بالآلات ما دام كذلك .وأمّا سمع الحق وبصره اللذان تسمّى بهما فغير متوقّف على الآلة والجارحة ، فذكر في هذا الحديث الأليق بجنابه تعالى لأهل العموم بلسانهم .وإلَّا فإنّ الإدراكات بالآلات والجوارح كلَّها ، وقد يسري النور في باطن المحقّق المتحقّق بهذا المقام إلى ظاهره وأعضائه وجوارحه ، كما جاء في اليد والرجل واللسان والقدم والطريق ، والله وليّ التوفيق .قال رضي الله عنه

Explanation of the Real's bringing into existence the form of the human being's manifest [aspect] The servant said: As for the origination of his manifest form from the realities of the world and its forms, this is inasmuch as the manifest aspect (ẓāhiriyya) of the human being is the oneness-of-many (aḥadiyyat al-jamʿ) comprising all cosmic realities and their forms. There is not a single atom among the atoms of existence, from the First Intellect to the last species among the species of cosmic existents, but that in the copy (nuskha) of the manifest [form] of the Perfect Human there is its counterpart and its correspondence, and its relation (nisba) to him is like the relation of the root (aṣl) to the branch (farʿ). And the relation of the realities of the human's essence and its forms to the realities of the world and its forms is the relation of the root to the branch. We have indeed mentioned the counterparts of the realities of the world and its forms from the Perfect Human in the Great Commentary (al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr), and perhaps something of that will be interspersed in the margins of this abridgment, so that the book may be sufficient and complete. God is the Granter of success, the Supporter, and the Helper. Explanation of the manifestation of the form of the nonmanifest [aspect] of the Perfect Human As for God's, exalted is He, origination of the form of the human being's nonmanifest [aspect] according to His form, exalted is He — this is that the Perfect Human comprehends (ḥāwin), gathers together (jāmiʿ) all the divine names, active and necessary, and all the relations (nisab) of lordship (rubūbiyya), for he — I mean the Perfect Human — is necessary of existence (wājib al-wujūd) through his Lord. He is a Throne for God by his heart. So he is real (ḥaqq), necessary of existence, living, knowing, powerful, willing, speaking, hearing, seeing — and thus all the [divine] names — but through God, in the most all-comprehensive and most complete manner. And the form of God upon which God created Adam is the oneness-of-many comprising all these lordly, divine realities absolutely — nothing else. So the nonmanifest [aspect] of the human being is upon the form of God, and his manifest [aspect] is upon the form of the world and its realities. The manifest is a locus of disclosure (majlā) and a mirror for the nonmanifest, and the nonmanifest is determined (mutaʿayyin) in the manifest and by it, according to it, just as the Messenger of God, God's blessings and peace upon him, specified in what he attributed to God, exalted is He, when He said: "I was his hearing and his sight," and did not say "his eye and his ear" — thus distinguishing between his manifest form and his nonmanifest form. He — may God be pleased with him — means this in [regard to] this ḥadīth; otherwise, in other than it, there is generality and comprehensiveness regarding both the manifest and nonmanifest forms. Do not suppose that our statement "his manifest form" refers only to the corporeal; that is not what is meant. Rather, his creation (khalīqa) consists of body and spirit, faculties and intellect, meanings and attributes, and other than that upon which the designation "creation" and "whatever is other than God" (mā siwā Allāh) truly applies. So the collective configuration (al-hayʾa al-jamʿiyya) of all that we have mentioned is his manifest form. Thus, by this, the Perfect Human is, in his manifest [aspect], the all-comprehensive unitary (aḥadiyya jamʿiyya) form of the world. And it has been said: in him is the microcosm (al-ʿālam al-ṣaghīr), that is, from the point of view of form. What this ḥadīth contains regarding the distinction between the two forms and the specification is that hearing and sight are two dominion-realm (malakūtī) and divine realities of the soul, or of the spirit — as you wish [to call it] — whereas the eye and the ear are the two instruments of perceiving visible and audible objects, with respect to one whose perception is bound to instruments, so long as it remains thus. As for the hearing and sight of the Real, by which He named Himself, they are not dependent upon instrument or organ. What is mentioned in this ḥadīth is what is most fitting to His presence, exalted is He, [expressed] for the generality of people in their own language. Otherwise, all perceptions [proceed] through instruments and organs. And the light may pervade from the nonmanifest [interior] of the realizer (muḥaqqiq) who has realized this station, into his manifest [aspect], his members, and his organs, as has come [in tradition] regarding the hand, the leg, the tongue, the foot, and the way. God is the Guardian of granting success. He said, may God be pleased with him

Ibn Turka

﴿فما صحّت الخلافة إلَّا للإنسان الكامل﴾

باشتماله الصورتين ، واحتوائه النشأتين

through his encompassing the two forms, and his containing the two constitutions (nash'atayn)

Jāmī

﴿فما صحت الخلافة﴾

من أفراد العالم (إلا للإنسان ومن أفراد الإنسان إلا للإنسان الكامل) . لأن فيما عدا الكامل لم تحصل شرائط الخلافة بالفعل وفيما عدا الإنسان بالقوة أيض

for any individual of the world (except for the human being, nor for any individual of the human being except for the perfect human). For in whoever is other than the perfect one, the conditions of vicegerency have not been actually attained, and in whoever is other than the human being they have not been attained even potentially

Bālī Zāde

﴿فما صحت الخلافة إلا للإنسان الكامل﴾

لا لغيره من المخلوقات.ولما فرغ عن ذكر الخلافة شرع في تصريح بما علم التزام بقوله

not for any other created thing. And when he finished mentioning the vicegerency, he began to state explicitly what was known to be entailed by his saying

Bosnevî

﴿صحت الخلافة الا بالانسان الكامل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

پس بو تقدیر اوزره اجزاء عالمدن رجزء ایچون خلافت صحیحه اولمدی الاصورت حقله صورت عالم جمعیتنی جامع اولان انسان کامل ایجون قال* فی بعض التراجم انته الخلافة منفادة الیه تجر راذیالها فلم تک تصلح الاله* واریک یصلح الالها* ولورامها احد غیره* لزلزلت الارض زلزالها

So, on this assumption, vicegerency was not valid for any part of the parts of the ʿālam (world) except for the insān kāmil (perfect human), who comprises the all-comprehensiveness of the form of the Real and the form of the world. It is said in some of the biographies: "The caliphate came to him submissive, trailing its skirts; it was not fit except for him, and he was not fit except for it; and had anyone other than he sought it, the earth would have been shaken with its shaking."

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فأنشأ صورته الظاهرة﴾

أي، صورته الموجودة في الخارج من جسمه و روحه من حقائق عالم الملك والملكوت. لذلك قال

That is, his form existing in the external [world], from his body and spirit, out of the realities of the world of dominion (mulk) and sovereignty (malakūt). Therefore he said

Ibn Turka

﴿فأنشأ صورته الظاهرة من حقائق العالم وصوره . وأنشأ صورته الباطنة على صورته تعالى ، ولذلك قال فيه : « كنت سمعه وبصره » . وما قال : « كنت عينه واذنه » ففرّق بين الصورتين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

تمييزا لليدين وتفصيلا لما يتعلَّق بهما من الأحكام المتقابلة والأوصاف المتناقضة . وهذا إنّما هو من سعة قابليّته الذاتيّة

as a distinguishing of the two hands and an elaboration of what pertains to them of opposing rulings and contradictory attributes. This is only due to the breadth of his essential receptivity (qābiliyya)

Jāmī

﴿فأنشأ صورته﴾

أي صورته الجسمانية العنصرية

i.e., his corporeal, elemental form

Bālī Zāde

﴿فأنشأ صورته﴾

أي صورة الإنسان الكامل (الظاهرة) الموجودة في عالم الشهادة وهي صورة الجسدية

that is, the (manifest, ẓāhir) form of the perfect human existing in the world of witnessing (ʿālam al-shahāda), which is the corporeal form

Bosnevî

﴿فانشأت صورته الظاهرة من حقايق العالم وصوره﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

پس حق تعالی انسان کاملک صورت ظاهره سن عالمک حقا یقندن وصور ندن انشاایلدی* یعنی انسان کاملک ظاهری عالمک و حقایق عالمک صورتی اوزره در* زیرا بحسب الظاهر صورت عالم انسان صورتی اوزره مقد مدر وانسانک صورت جسمانیه سی حقایق عالمدن مرکبه در وصورت انسان عالمک حقایق وصوریله دخی مفرداتنک خواصیله ظاهره اولدی انکیچون عقل اولدن موجودات کونیهنک آخری اولان نوعه وارنجه ذرات وجود دن برذره یوقدر الا انسان کاملده انک نظیری موجود درواما بحسب الحقیقة والمرید عالم انسانک صورتی اوزره در* وذات انسان حقایقتک حقایق عالمه نسبتی اصلک فرعه نسبتی کبیدر

So the Real, the Exalted, brought forth the outward form of the insān kāmil (perfect human) from the ḥaqāʾiq (realities) of the ʿālam (world) and its forms. That is, the outward of the perfect human is upon the form of the world and of the realities of the world. For, in terms of the outward, the form of the world precedes the form of the human. The bodily form of the human is composed of the realities of the world. The form of the human became manifest with the realities and forms of the world, and also with the properties of its individual components. Therefore, from the First Intellect down to the species that is the last of the engendered existents, there is not one atom of the atoms of wujūd (being) whose counterpart does not exist in the perfect human. But in terms of reality and […], the world is upon the form of the human. The relation of the realities of the human's essence to the realities of the world is like the relation of the root to the branch.

al-Qāshānī

﴿من حقائق العالم وصوّره﴾

حيث جمع فيه الحقائق الكونية ، فلم يبق من صور العالم وقواه شيء إلا وفيه نظير

in that He gathered together in it the cosmic realities, so that nothing remained among the forms and powers of the world without its counterpart being in it

al-Qayṣarī

﴿من حقائق العالم وصوره﴾

وما اكتفى بذكر الصور

and he did not content himself with mentioning the forms [alone]

Jāmī

﴿الظاهرة من حقائق العالم﴾

أي من الموجودات المتحققة في العالم (و صوره) ، أي صور العالم التي هي تلك الموجودات المتحققة فهي معطوفة على الحقائق عطف تفسير. أو من أعيانه الثابتة وصوره الخارجية بأن أفاض على أعيانه الثابتة الوجود فصارت صورة خارجية فأنشأ صورة الإنسان منها

i.e., from the existent things realized in the world (and its forms), i.e., the forms of the world which are those realized existent things — so it ["and its forms"] is conjoined to "realities" as a conjunction of explanation (ʿaṭf tafsīr). Or: from its fixed entities (aʿyān) and its external forms, in that He poured forth existence upon its fixed entities so that they became an external form; thus He brought into being the form of the human being from them

Bālī Zāde

﴿من حقائق العالم وصوره﴾

أي ومن صورة العالم

that is, and from the form of the world

al-Qāshānī

﴿وأنشأ صورته الباطنة على صورته تعالى﴾

فإنه سميع بصير عالم ، فيكون متصفا بالصفات الإلهية مسمى بأسمائه

for he (Adam) is Hearing, Seeing, Knowing, and thus he is characterized by the divine attributes, named by His names

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وإنشاء صورته الباطنة على صورته تعالى﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، وإنشاء صورته الموجودة في العلم، وهي عينه الثابتة متصفة بصفات الحق تعالى وأسمائه. ولما كانت الحقيقة يظهر بالصورة في الخارج، أطلق (الصورة) على الأسماء والصفات مجازا، لأن الحق بها يظهر في الخارج. واعلم، أن كلا من (الظاهر) و (الباطن) ينقسم على قسمين: باطن مطلق، وباطن مضاف، وظاهر مطلق، وظاهر مضاف. فأما الباطن المطلق فهوالذات الإلهية وصفاته والأعيان الثابتة. والباطن المضاف هو عالم الأرواح. فإنه ظاهر بالنسبة إلى الباطن المطلق، باطن بالنسبة إلى الظاهر المطلق، وهو عالم الأجسام، لذلك جعل صورته الظاهرة، أي صورة الإنسان، من حقائق العالم وصوره. ويجوز أن يراد بـ (الصورة الظاهرة) جسمه وبدنه، فإنه مركب من حقائق عالم الكون والفساد. ويؤيده قوله آخرا

That is, the bringing into being of his form existing in [divine] knowledge, which is his fixed entity (ʿayn thābita) qualified by the attributes of the Real, exalted is He, and His names. And since the reality becomes manifest through the form in the external [world], the term "form" was applied metaphorically to the names and attributes, because the Real becomes manifest through them in the external [world]. Know that each of "the manifest" (ẓāhir) and "the nonmanifest" (bāṭin) divides into two kinds: an absolute nonmanifest and a relative nonmanifest, and an absolute manifest and a relative manifest. As for the absolute nonmanifest, it is the Divine Essence, Its attributes, and the fixed entities. The relative nonmanifest is the world of spirits, for it is manifest in relation to the absolute nonmanifest, [but] nonmanifest in relation to the absolute manifest, which is the world of bodies. Therefore he made [man's] manifest form — that is, the form of the human being — [to consist] of the realities of the world and its forms. It is also permissible that "the manifest form" be intended as his body and physical frame, for it is composed of the realities of the world of generation and corruption. This is supported by his later statement

Jāmī

﴿وأنشأ صورته الباطنة﴾

أحدية جمع روحه وقلبه وقواه الروحانية

the unitary gathering (aḥadiyyat jamʿ) of his spirit, his heart, and his spiritual faculties

Bālī Zāde

﴿وانشأ صورته الباطنة﴾

وهي صورته الروحية الموجودة في عالم الغيب وهو المراد من قوله خلق الله آدم

which is his spiritual form existing in the world of the unseen (ʿālam al-ghayb), and this is what is meant by the saying, 'God created Adam'

Bosnevî

﴿وانشأت صورته الباطنة علي صورته تعالي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وانسان کاملک صورت باطنه سن حق تعالی کندی صورتی اوزره انشا ایتدی زیرا انسانک باطنی اسماء الهیه کلیه حقایقنک صوری اوزره در حیات وعلم وقدرت وارادت کبی که انلر ازلا وابدا حقک صورتیدر* پس انسان کاملک باطنی اللهک صورتی اوزره در (ان الله خلق آدم علی صورته) وظاهری عالمک وحقایق عالمک صورتی اوزره در ظاهر خود باطنه مجلیدر وباطن ظاهرده ظاهر حسبیله متعیندر

And the Real, the Exalted, brought forth the inward form of the insān kāmil (perfect human) upon His own form. For the human's inward is upon the forms of the realities of the universal divine names, such as life, knowledge, power and will, which are the form of the Real from pre-eternity to post-eternity. So the inward of the perfect human is upon the form of God ("God created Adam upon His form"), and his outward is upon the form of the ʿālam (world) and of the ḥaqāʾiq (realities) of the world. The outward itself is a majlā (locus of disclosure) for the inward, and the inward is determined in the outward according to the outward.

Jāmī

﴿على صورته تعالى﴾

متن نص فصوص الحكم : و لذلك قال فيه «كنت سمعه و بصره» ما قال كنت عينه و أذنه: ففرق بين الصورتين. و هكذا هو في كل موجود من العالم بقدر ما تطلبه حقيقة ذلك الموجود. و لكن ليس لأحد مجموع م للخليفة، فما فاز إلا بالمجموع. و لو لا سريان الحق في الموجودات بالصورة ما كان للعالم وجود، كما أنه لو لا تلك الحقائق المعقولة الكلية ما ظهر حكم في الموجودات العينية. و من هذه الحقيقة كان الافتقار من العالم إلى الحق في وجوده: شرح الجامي : أحدية جمع صفاته وأسمائه (ولذلك) ، أي لإنشاء صورته الباطنة على صورته تعالى

[Text of the Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam:] And for that reason He said of him, "I was his hearing and his sight" — He did not say "I was his eye and his ear": thus He distinguished between the two forms. And thus it is in every existent thing of the world, in the measure demanded by the reality of that existent thing. But no one possesses the totality [of what is possessed] except the vicegerent, for he alone attained the totality. Were it not for the pervasion (sarayān) of the Real in existent things by way of form, the world would have no existence, just as, were it not for those universal intelligible realities, no ruling property would appear in the particular existent things. And from this reality arose the world's need (iftiqār) for the Real in its existence. [Jāmī's commentary:] the unitary gathering of His attributes and Names. (And for that reason), i.e., for the bringing into being of his nonmanifest form upon His form, exalted is He

Bālī Zāde

﴿على صورته﴾

أي على صفات الله وأسمائه . (ولذلك) أي ولأجل إنشائه على صورته

that is, according to God's attributes and names. (And for that reason) that is, because of bringing him into being in His form

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولذلك قال فيه « كنت سمعه وبصره » وما قال كنت عينه وأذنه ففرق بين الصورتين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي صورة العالم وصورة الحق . قوله

i.e., the form of the world and the form of the Real. His saying

Jāmī

﴿قال فيه﴾

أي في الإنسان الكامل وشأنه

i.e., of the perfect human being and his station

Bālī Zāde

﴿قال فيه﴾

أي في حق آدم

that is, concerning Adam

Bosnevî

﴿ولذلك قال فيه﴾

علیه السلام فی الحدیث القدسی حکایة عن الله تعالی

"— upon him be peace — in the sacred ḥadīth, relating from God the Exalted"

al-Qayṣarī

﴿كنت سمعه وبصره﴾

فأتى بـ (السمع) و (البصر) اللذين من الصفات السبعة التي هي الأئمة

He mentioned "hearing" and "sight," which are among the seven attributes that are the [divine] Imams (al-aʾimma)

Jāmī

﴿كنت سمعه وبصره﴾

فأتي بالسمع والبصر اللذين هما من الصفات الباطنة

He mentioned hearing and sight, which are among the nonmanifest attributes

Bālī Zāde

﴿كنت سمعه وبصره﴾

وهما من صفات الله تعالى

and these are among the attributes of God, Exalted

Bosnevî

﴿كنت «سمعه وبصره ولم يقل كنت عينه واذنه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

یعنی انسان کاملک صورت ظاهره سی عالم صورتی اوزره و صورت باطنه سی الله تعالینک صورتی اوزره اولدیغی اجلدن رسول علیه السلام حدیث قدسیده انک حقنده دیدی الله تعالیدن حکایت طریقیله بن عبدک سمعی و بصری اولورم دیدیکه بن عبدک سمعی واذنی اولورم زبراسمع وبصرحقک صفا تیدر زیرا حق سمیع وبصیردر وسمع وبصر باطندر وعین ایله اذن عبدک جزؤ ظاهریدر (وفرق) علی البناء للفاعل

That is, because the outward form of the insān kāmil (perfect human) is according to the form of the ʿālam (world), and his inward form is according to the form of God Most High, the Messenger (upon him be peace), in the ḥadīth qudsī, said concerning him, by way of relating from God Most High: “I become the hearing and the seeing of the servant”; [he did not] say [text: “said”]: “I become the hearing [read: eye] and the ear of the servant.” For hearing and seeing are attributes of the Real, since the Real is All-Hearing and All-Seeing; and hearing and seeing are inward, while the eye and the ear are an outward part of the servant. (wa-farraqa, “and he distinguished”) [is read] in the active voice.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وما قال: كنت عينه وأذنه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الذين هما من جوارح الصورة البدنية وآلتان للسمع والبصر

which are among the bodily organs of the physical form and [merely] instruments for hearing and sight

Jāmī

﴿وما قال : كنت عينه وأذنه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

اللتين هما من الجوارح الظاهرة مع أنه صحيح أبيض لسريانه بهويته في جميع الموجودات . (ففرق) في هذه العبارة

which are among the manifest bodily organs — even though it is [likewise] sound [to say this of the organs], being white [i.e., unmistakable/clear] due to His pervasion by His He-ness (huwiyya) in all existent things. (Thus He distinguished) in this expression

Bālī Zāde

﴿وما قال كنت عينه وأذنه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وهو من جوارح الصورة البدنية

for that belongs to the organs of the bodily form

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ففرق بين الصورتين﴾

أي، لأجل أنه تعالى أنشأ صورته الباطنةعلى صورته تعالى، قال في حق آدم

That is, because He, exalted is He, brought into being his nonmanifest form upon His own form, exalted is He, He said concerning Adam

﴿ففرق بين الصورتين﴾

أي صورة الباطن أو الظاهر، وإن كان الظاهر مظهرا للباطن. قوله

that is, the nonmanifest form or the manifest form, even though the manifest is a locus of manifestation (maẓhar) for the nonmanifest. His statement

Jāmī

﴿بين الصورتين﴾

صورته الظاهرة وصورته الباطنة حيث أخبر أنه سمعه وبصره ولم يفل عينه وأذنه (وهكذا). أي كما أن الحق سار بهويته في سمع العبد وبصره كذلك (هو) سار

his manifest form and his nonmanifest form, in that He reported that He is his hearing and his sight, and He did not say his eye and his ear. (And thus) — i.e., just as the Real pervades by His He-ness the hearing and sight of the servant, likewise (He) pervades

Bālī Zāde

﴿ففرق بين الصورتين﴾

صورة الباطن والظاهر فظهر أن هوية الحق بصفته ساري في الخليفة (هكذا) أي كما أن الحق ساري في الإنسان الكامل . كذلك (هو) أي الحق ساري

the nonmanifest form and the manifest form, and it became clear that the identity (huwiyya) of the Real, with His attribute, pervades (sārin) in the vicegerent. (Thus) that is, just as the Real pervades in the perfect human, likewise (He), that is, the Real, pervades

Bosnevî

﴿بين الصورتين﴾

پس بوحدیثده رسول علیه السلام صورتین بیننی یعنی صورت باطنه ایله صورت ظاهره بیننی تفریق ایتدی وتخصیص وتخصیص ایتدیکه انسان کاملک باطنی صورتی اللهک صورتی اوزره در وانسان کاملک صورت ظاهره سندن مراد انسانک حظ جسمانیتی دکلدر بلکه جسم وروح وعقل ونفس وقوی ومعا نیدر وبونلردن غیری اولان صفا تدرکه انلره خلیفه وما سوی الله اطلاقی صا دقدر* پس بونلردن مجموعه اولان هیئت جمعیت انسان کاملک صورت ظاهره سیدر که انکله عالمک صورتی اوزره در* پس بوندن اوتری انک حقنده عالم صغیردینلور یعنی صورت ظاهره سی حیثیتله در* صورت باطنه سی حیثیتیله دکلدر* پس حدیث صورتین بیننده فرقدن متضمن اولدیغی بودرکه سمع و بصردن هر بریسی نفس ایچون ویاخود روح ایچون حقیقت ملکوتیه والهیه در* واما عین ایله اذن مبصرات ومسموعات ایجون ادراک آلتیدر ادراکی الاتله مقید اولان کسنه یه نسبت ایله واما حقک سمعی و بصریکه انکله حق متسمیدر* آلت وجارحه یه متوقف دکلدر* پس بو حدیثده ذکر اولنان شی جناب رب عزته اهل عموم لسانیله الیق اولان شیندر والاآلات وجوارحک کلیسیله هرذی آلت وجار حهده اولان ادراکات بالاصاله حقکدر مدرکین صورتنده تجلی عام حیثیتیله

So in this ḥadīth the Messenger (upon him be peace) distinguished between the two forms, that is, between the inward form and the outward form. He specified [text repeats: “and specified”] that the inward form of the insān kāmil (perfect human) is according to the form of God. What is meant by the outward form of the perfect human is not the human's share of corporeality [alone]. Rather, it is body, spirit, intellect, soul, faculties and meanings, and the attributes other than these, to which the designations khalīfa [sic; perhaps read khalīqa, “creature”] and “what is other than God” truly apply. So the collective configuration made up of these is the outward form of the perfect human, by which he is according to the form of the ʿālam (world). Therefore he is called “the small world”, that is, in respect of his outward form, not in respect of his inward form. So what the ḥadīth contains of the distinction between the two forms is this: each of hearing and seeing is, for the soul or for the spirit, a malakūtī and divine ḥaqīqa (reality). As for the eye and the ear, they are instruments of perception for things seen and things heard, in relation to one whose perception is bound to instruments. But the hearing and seeing of the Real, by which the Real is named, do not depend on instrument or limb. So what is mentioned in this ḥadīth is what is most fitting for the Lord of Might in the language of the common people. Otherwise, all the perceptions that exist in every possessor of instrument and limb, with all instruments and limbs, belong originally to the Real, in respect of the general tajallī (self-disclosure) in the form of the perceivers.

al-Qāshānī

﴿وهكذا هو في كل موجود﴾

أي وكما أن الحق في آدم ظاهر بصورته كذلك في كل موجود

that is, just as the Real in Adam is manifest through his form, so too is He in every existent

al-Jandī

﴿وهكذا هو في كل موجود في العالم بقدر ما تطلبه حقيقة ذلك الموجود ، ولكن ليس لأحد مجموع ما للخليفة ، فما فاز إلَّا بالمجموع﴾

يعني رضي الله عنه :أنّ الحق متعيّن في كل جزء جزء من العالم بحسب خصوصيته لا غير ، فاشترك الكلّ في مطلق المظهرية ، وافترقت في الخصوصيات .ففاز الإنسان بخصوص الجمع بين جميع الخصوصيات المظهرية ، ففاز بظاهره بالاسم « الظاهر » من جميع الوجوه ، وبباطنه بالاسم " الباطن " كذلك ، وكان الجامع لأحديّة جمعها على الوجه الأجمع الأحسن .قال رضي الله عنه

except through the totality.] He means, may God be pleased with him: that the Real is determined (mutaʿayyin) in every single part of the world according to its particularity (khuṣūṣiyya) alone. So all [things] share in absolute locus-of-manifestation-hood (maẓhariyya), while they differ in their particularities. So the human being attained, by the particularity of combining all the manifesting particularities together; thus he attained, in his manifest [aspect], the name "the Manifest" (al-Ẓāhir) from all respects, and in his nonmanifest [aspect] the name "the Nonmanifest" (al-Bāṭin) likewise — and he was the one who gathers their oneness-of-many (aḥadiyyat jamʿihā) in the most all-comprehensive, most excellent manner. He said, may God be pleased with him

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهكذا هو في كل موجود من العالم بقدر ما تطلبه حقيقة ذلك الموجود﴾

أي،كما أن الحق وهويته سار في آدم، كذلك هو سار في كل موجود من العالم. لكن سريانه وظهوره في كل حقيقة من حقائق العالم إنما هو بقدر استعداد تلك الحقيقة التي لذلك الموجود وقابليته

That is, just as the Real and His He-ness (huwiyya) pervade Adam, so likewise does He pervade every existent of the world. However, His pervasion and manifestation in each reality among the realities of the world is only according to the preparedness (istiʿdād) and receptivity of that reality belonging to that existent

﴿وهكذا هو في كل موجود … فما فاز إلا بالمجموع﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، فما فاز بالمجموع إلا الخليفة. لأن المراد حصر الفوز بالمجموع في الخليفة، وهو الحصر في المحكوم عليه لا الحصر في المحكوم به، كما هو ظاهر الكتاب، إذ يلزم منه أن الخليفة ما فاز بشئ مما فاز به العالم إلا بالمجموع، وهذا غير صحيح. فإنه فاز بكل ما فاز به العالم مع اختصاصه بالزائد، وهو الفوز بالمجموع. قوله

That is, none has attained the totality except the vicegerent. For what is intended is the restriction of attainment-through-totality to the vicegerent — this being a restriction upon the subject [of the judgment], not a restriction upon the predicate, as the apparent [sense] of the text [would suggest]. For it would follow from [the latter reading] that the vicegerent has attained nothing of what the world has attained except through the totality, and this is not correct. For he has attained everything that the world has attained, along with his being singled out for the surplus, namely, the attainment of the totality. His statement

Ibn Turka

﴿وهكذا هو في كل موجود من العالم بقدر ما تطلبه حقيقة ذلك الموجود لكن ليس لأحد مجموع ما للخليفة ، فما فاز إلَّا بالمجموع﴾

أي الَّذي فاز به الإنسان إنّما هو المجموع - لا غير - فإنّ غير ذلك مشترك بينه وبين العالمين - فالحصر على ظاهره . عموم سريان الحقّ والحقائق الكلية في العالم وأمّا بيان عموم سريانه للعالم فهو أنّه موجود

that is, what the human has attained is precisely the totality — nothing else — for anything besides that is shared between him and the worlds. So the restriction (ḥaṣr) is to be taken at its apparent meaning. The general pervasion (sarayān) of the Real and the universal realities in the cosmos — as for the explanation of the generality of His pervasion of the cosmos, it is that He is existent

Bosnevî

﴿وهكذا هو في كل موجود من العالم بقدر ما تطلبه حقيقة ذلك الموجود﴾

بوقول (وانشأ صورته الباطنة علی صورته تعالی) قولنک محذوفی اولان مدلولنه معطوفدر* ای فظهرت فیه صورته تعالی ظهورا کلیا جمعیا احدیا وهکذا هو فی کل موجود من العالم* یعنی آدمده الله تعالینک صورتی ظهور کلی وجمعی واحدی ایله ظهور ایتدیکی کی عالمدن هر برمو جود ده ذلک الموجودک حقیقتنی طالبه اولد یغی قدر یعنی حق تعالی عالمک هربر جزء نده ظاهر ومتعیندر اول جزء حقیقتک استعدادی وانک جمعیتی وخصوصیتی اقتضا ایتدیکی قدر* پس حقه نسبت ایله جمله سنده حقک ظهوری علی السویه دراما حقایق عالم خصو صیاتی حسبیله مما یندر

These words are conjoined to the implied sense of what is omitted from his words “and He made his inward form in His form Most High”, i.e. “so His form Most High became manifest in him with a universal, all-comprehensive, unitary manifestation; and thus it is in every existent of the world.” That is, just as the form of God Most High became manifest in Adam with a universal, all-comprehensive and unitary ẓuhūr (manifestation), [so it is] in every existent of the ʿālam (world) according to what the ḥaqīqa (reality) of that existent seeks. That is, the Real Most High is manifest and mutaʿayyin (determined) in each part of the world to the extent that the istiʿdād (preparedness) of that part's reality, and its comprehensiveness and particularity, require. So in relation to the Real, the Real's manifestation in all of them is equal, but the realities of the world differ according to their particularities.

Jāmī

﴿في كل موجود من … العالم بقدر ما يطلبه حقيقة ذلك الموجود﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بحسب استعداده في قابلیته (لكن ليس لأحد من أفراد) العالم

according to its preparedness (istiʿdād) in its receptivity. (But no one) among the individuals of the world [possesses]

Bālī Zāde

﴿في كل موجود من العالم بقدر ما تطلبه حقيقة ذلك الموجود لكن ليس لأحد مجموع ما للخليفة فما فاز﴾

أي فما ظفر إلا الإنسان الكامل بالخلافة . يدل عليه قوله : بعد وهی المجموع الذي به استحق الخلافة

that is, none has attained the vicegerency except the perfect human. This is indicated by his saying afterward: 'and it is the totality by which he deserved the vicegerency'

al-Qāshānī

﴿من العالم … بقدر ما تطلبه حقيقة ذلك الموجود﴾

أي عينه باستعداده الأزلى ( لكن ليس لأحد ) أي لشيء من العالم

that is, its entity (ʿayn), through its eternal preparedness (istiʿdād); (yet none) that is, none of the things of the world

al-Qayṣarī

﴿لكن ليس لأحد مجموع ما للخليفة﴾

استدراك منقوله

This is an exception (istidrāk) from his statement

Bosnevî

﴿ولكن ليس لاحد مجموع ما للخليفة﴾

لکن اجزای عالمدن براحد ایجون یوقدر خلیفه ایجون مجموع اولان شی زیرا آنک سعت قابلیتی و جمعیت باطنه سیله انده اولا ظهور ظهور کلی وجعیدرکه حقله خلقه شاملدر وظاهر وباطنی جامعدر* پس استعداد ینک سعت وقابلیتندن اوتری براحد ایچون آنک جمعیتی بوقدر (فافازالا بالمجموع (پس آدم مرتبه خلافته فأزاولدی الامجموعله یعنی صورت حفله صورت عالمک جمعیتیله اجزای عالم بیننده ممتاز او لوب خلافته نائل اولدی والاجمیع اجزای عالم حقک مظهر یدر لکن انلرده اولان ظهور جزئیدر قابلیت جزئیه حسبیله) فلولا

But for no one of the parts of the ʿālam (world) is there what is the sum for the khalīfa (vicegerent). For, by reason of the breadth of his receptivity and his inward jamʿiyya (comprehensiveness), the ẓuhūr (manifestation) in him is a universal and all-comprehensive manifestation, which embraces the Real and creation and gathers the outward and the inward. So, because of the breadth and receptivity of his istiʿdād (preparedness), no one has his comprehensiveness. (fa-mā fāza illā bi-l-majmūʿ, “so he won only by the sum”): So Adam attained the martaba (level) of vicegerency only by the sum; that is, through the comprehensiveness of the form of the Real and the form of the world, he became distinguished among the parts of the world and attained vicegerency. Otherwise, all the parts of the world are maẓhar (loci of manifestation) of the Real, but the manifestation in them is partial, according to [their] partial receptivity. (fa-law-lā, “so were it not for”)

al-Qāshānī

﴿مجموع ما للخليفة﴾

فإنه مظهر الذات مع جميع الصفات ، بخلاف سائر الأشياء وإلا لكان الكل مظهرا له ( فما فاز من بينهم إلا بالمجموع ) وإلا فكان الكل مظهرا له بقدر قبوله . قوله

for he is the locus of manifestation (maẓhar) of the Essence together with all the attributes, unlike all other things — otherwise all would be a locus of manifestation for it. (So none among them attained precedence save through the totality) — otherwise all would have been a locus of manifestation for Him, each according to its receptivity. His saying

Jāmī

﴿مجموع ما للخليفة﴾

فإنه لا يظهر في كل واحد واحد إلا بعض أسمائه دون بعض ويظهر في الخلفية مجموعها

for [the Real] does not manifest in each single one except some of His Names, not all, whereas He manifests in the vicegerent their totality

Words 53–54 · 1 of 7

فَما فازَ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿فما فاز … إلا بالمجموع﴾

دون البعض على انفراده بحيث لا يكون معه غيره . ويحتمل أن تكون الباء للسببية لا صلة للفوز أي ما فاز الخليفة بالخلافة إلا بسبب المجموع. وفي بعض النسخ : فما فاز إلا هو بالمجموع وكأنه إلحاق من المتصرفين لتصحيح المعنى فإن في كل من شرحي الجندي والقيصري وأكثر نسخ المتن التي رأيناها أو قریء بعضها على الشيخ رضي الله عنه وقعت العبارة كما ذكرنا أول (ولولا سریان) الوجود

as opposed to some [of the Names] on their own, in isolation without any other accompanying them. It is also possible that the "bi" [in "bi-l-majmūʿ"] indicates causation rather than being a connective for "attainment" (fawz) — i.e., the vicegerent attained the vicegerency only by reason of the totality. In some manuscripts it reads: "none attained [it] but he, by the totality" — and this appears to be an insertion by editors to fix the meaning, for in both the commentaries of al-Jandī and al-Qayṣarī, and in most of the manuscripts of the [Fuṣūṣ] text that we have seen, or that were read in part before the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, the wording occurs as we have mentioned. [Fuṣūṣ text continues:] Were it not for the pervasion of existence

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولو لا سريان الحق في الموجودات بالصورة … ما كان للعالم وجود﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإن أصل الممكن عدم والوجود صورته تعالى ووجهه الباقي بعد فناء الكل ، فلو لم يظهر بصورته التي هي الوجود من حيث هو وجود بقي الكل على العدم الصرف . وقوله ( كما أنه لو لا تلك الحقائق المعقولة الكلية ما ظهر حكم في الموجودات العينية ) تشبيه لاستناد وجود العالم إلى صورة وجوده تعالى باستناد الأمور العينية من الصفات إلى الحقائق الكلية . كما ذكر في الحياة والعلم . كما كان وجود العلم في زيد مثلا مستندا إلى العلم المطلق الكلى ولولاه لما وجد عالم وما صح الحكم بالعالمية على أحد كذلك كل موجود معين عينى مستند إلى وجود الحق الذي هو وجهه وصورته ولولاه لما وجد موجود وما صح الحكم على شيء بأنه موجود . ولذلك قال

for the root of the possible thing is nonexistence, and existence is His form, exalted is He, and His Face which remains after the passing away of all — so if He had not become manifest through His form, which is existence as such, all would have remained in sheer nonexistence. And his saying (just as, were it not for those intelligible universal realities, no ruling would appear among the particular existent things) is a comparison of the dependence of the world's existence upon His form of existence, exalted is He, to the dependence of particular matters — namely the attributes — upon the universal realities, as was mentioned regarding life and knowledge. Just as the existence of knowledge in Zayd, for example, is dependent upon absolute, universal Knowledge, and were it not for it no knower would exist and the judgment of "knowing" could not rightly be applied to anyone — likewise every particular, individuated existent is dependent upon the existence of the Real, which is its Face and its form, and were it not for it no existent would exist and the judgment that a thing "exists" could not rightly be made. And for that reason He said

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلا بالمجموع﴾

أي بسببه لا بدونه . فكان الحق ساريا في كل موجود من الخليفة وغيره

that is, by its means, not without it. Thus the Real is pervasive in every existent, whether the vicegerent or other than him

al-Jandī

﴿ولولا سريان الحق في الموجودات بالصورة ، ما كان للعالم وجود ، كما أنّه لولا تلك الحقائق المعقولة الكلَّية المذكورة ، ما ظهر حكمها في الموجودات العينية .ومن هذه الحقيقة كان الافتقار من العالم إلى الحق في وجوده﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد أيّده الله به :قد أعلمناك فيما تقدّم أنّ الله خلق آدم على صورته وعلى صورة الإنسان العالم ، وأنّ الصورة التي خلق آدم عليها صورة معقولية أحدية جمع جميع الأسماء ، وأنّ العالم بجميع أجزائه جمعا وفرادى مظاهر الأسماء ، التفصيلية ، وأنّه الصورة الإنسانية الفرقانية ، وأنّ صورة الإنسان الكلي على صورة العالم أو حقائقه تماما ، وأنّ صورة باطنه صورة الله .فتذكَّر « 4 » جميع هذه الأصول ، واعلم أنّه ما من موجود من الموجودات ولا شيء من الأشياء إلَّا وهو مظهر ومرآة ومحلّ ظهور للوجود الحق الظاهر فيها والساري بأحدية جمع الصور الإلهية في الكلّ.إذ النفس الرحماني يقتضي النور الوجودي الإلهي الفائض على المظاهر الكيانية بالصورة الربانية الأحدية الجمعية .ولكن ظهورها في كلّ مجلى وتعيّنها في كلّ مظهر إنّما يكون بحسب القابل لا بحسب الصورة كظهور النور الكبير في المرآة الصغيرة .فإنّه صغير ومتشكَّل بشكلها ، وكان المراد الأوّل الأولى والمقصد الإلهي الأعلى الأجلى من الإيجاد هو التجلَّي الإلهيّ بصورته في أحدية جمع النفس الساري في حقائق العالم .ولولا هذا السريان النوري الوجودي بالصورة المقدّسة الأحدية الجمعية الإلهية في حقائق هذا المجلى المشهود الموجود ، ما وجد موجود ، ولا شهود مشهود.فافتقار العالم إلى الموجد من أهل هذه الحقيقة ، حتى يحصل له شرف المظهرية لصورته تعالى فإنّ المخلوق على الصورة التي هي مخلوقة على الصورة الإلهية يكون على الصورة الإلهية يكون على الصورة .قال رضي الله عنه : شعر :فالكلّ مفتقر ما الكلّ مستغن %~% هذا هو الحق قد قلناه لا نكنيفإن ذكرت غنيّا لا افتقار به %~% فقد علمت الذي من قولنا نعنيفالكلّ بالكلّ مربوط فليس له %~% عنه انفصال خذوا ما قلته عنّيقال العبد - أيّده الله به - : اعلم :أنّ الله - سبحانه وتعالى - بجميع نسبه الذاتية موجب لوجود العوالم والمظاهر ، ومستلزم لمتعلَّقات حقائقة الوجوبية ، ودقائق سائر أسماء الربوبية .وتلك المتعلَّقات هي حقائق المخلوقية والمربوبية ، فهي واجبة الوجود بإيجاب الواجب الوجود بالذات لها ، ولولا هذه الحقائق المظهرية من أكوان عالم الإمكان ، لما ظهرت الصورة الإلهية المقدّسة الأحدية الجمعية الذاتية .فشمل الافتقار نسب الربوبية وحقائق المربوبية ، بيد أنّ افتقار العوالم إلى الحق في التحقيق بالحقيقةوالوجود على التعيين .وليس كذلك افتقار النسب الأسمائية ، فإنّ الوجود هو المسمّى بجميع الأسماء ، المتعيّن بجميع النسب ، فما بها افتقار في الوجود والتحقيق إلى العالم .ولكن في ظهور الآثار والأحكام لا غير ، ومع ذلك فلا افتقار بها إلى عالم معيّن أو مظهر شخصيّ مبيّن ، بل يوجب بالذات لها مظاهر لا على التعيين إلى أبدا الآبدين ، كما هو مقتضى ذاته المقدّسة من الأزل دهر الداهرين . فافهم .واعلم : أنّ فلك الوجود الحقّ محيط بالموجودات العينية والغيبية ، وهويّته المحيطة وأوّل تعيّنه الذاتي بفلك الإلهية ، وهي محيطة بأفلاك الأسماء الإلهية .ثم أفلاك الأسماء محيطات بحقائق مظاهرها الكيانية ، وهي أجناس العوالم وأنواعها وأصنافها وأشخاصها ، ودائرة فلك الهوية الكبرى الذي للوجود الحق فلك محيط بجميع الأفلاك .وجميعها منحصر في أربعة أفلاك :فلك اللاتعيّن والإطلاق الوجودي العيني الحقيقي ، وفلك التعين الأوّل الأحدي الجمعي الأكبر .وهو من الوجود الحق كالقلب من الإنسان ، وهذا الفلك محيط بفلكين عظيمين كلَّيّين محيطين بسائر الأفلاك التفصيلية الآتي حديثها في مواضع ، مواقعها فلك الإلهية المحيطة بجميع نسبها وأسمائه بالفلك الكوني المظهري من المعلول الأوّل إلى آخر صورة توجد من آخر نوع وجد .ثم اعلم : أنّ فلك كل حقيقة من نقط محيط فلك الإلهية وهي عبارة عن نسب الربوبية والحقائق الوجوبية إنّما يتمّ بفلك متعلَّقها من العالم .فكل فلك من أفلاك حضرات الأسماء مقسوم بقوسين كلَّيّين متساويين مساويين مجموعهما من محيط الفلك الدائر .فالقوس الأعلى لنسب حقيقة فلك الاسم « الله » ونسبها ولوازمها نقط محيط دائرة متعلَّقة الحبائل ، متّصلة الرقائق والجداول بنقط محيط القوس الآخر الخصيص بمرتبة الكون المظهري .والمجموع فلك كامل ، فأفلاك الإلهية ونقط محيطها مربوطة بأفلاك العوالم ونقط محيطها ، فالكلّ مفتقر ، ما الكلّ مستغن. وهذا معنى قول الكامل : " فالكلّ بالكلّ مربوط ، فليس له %~% عنه انفصال خذوا ما قلته عنّي " .وأنّى الانفصال والافتراق والحقيقة الكلية مقتضية للاتّصال والاتّفاق والائتلاف والاعتناق ؟" وَكُلَّ إِنسانٍ أَلْزَمْناه ُ طائِرَه ُ في عُنُقِه ِ " .فإذا قامت قيامة التفصيل ، وتمّت مقامات التوصيل والتحصيل ، وبعثرت قبور النشور ، وبسطت أرض الحشر والنشور .فيوم القيامة يلقاه كتابا منشورا ، سنذكر ما يبقى من تتمّة هذا السرّ في الموضع الأليق به ، إن شاء الله تعالى .وأمّا قوله :فإن ذكرت غنيّا لا افتقار به %~% فقد عرفت الذي من قولنا نعنيفإنّه - رضي الله عنه - يشير إلى الغنى الذاتي الحقيقي الأحدي ، القاهر أعيان الأغيار ، والموجد كثرة النظراء والنظَّار " كان الله ولا شيء معه ". " هُوَ الله أَحَدٌ الله الصَّمَدُ لَمْ يَلِدْ ".لم يوجب من حيث ذاته الغنيّة معنى الإنتاج والإيجاد ، ولا يقتضي الإظهار والإشهاد لأنّه بالذات كامل أبدا الآباد " وَلَمْ يُولَدْ " لم ينتج من أصل مقدمات منتجة " وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَه ُ " لا يكون للهوية الكبرى المحيطة بالكلّ مثل ولا كفؤ من أحد معيّن ، فافهم .قال رضي الله عنه

the world's need (iftiqār) for the Real, in respect of its existence, [derives].] The servant said — may God aid him through it: We have already informed you previously that God created Adam upon His form and upon the form of the human macrocosm (al-insān al-ʿālam), and that the form upon which Adam was created is an intelligible form, the oneness-of-many comprising all the names; and that the world, in all its parts, collectively and individually, consists of loci of manifestation of the differentiated names; and that it [the world] is the differentiated (furqāniyya) human form; and that the form of the universal human being corresponds fully to the form of the world or its realities; and that the form of his nonmanifest [aspect] is the form of God. So recall all these principles, and know that there is no existent among existents, nor anything among things, but that it is a locus of manifestation (maẓhar), a mirror, and a place of appearance for the Real Existence manifest within it and pervading, by the oneness-of-many of the divine forms, throughout the whole. For the Breath of the All-Merciful (al-nafas al-raḥmānī) necessitates the divine existential light which is effused (fāʾiḍ) upon the phenomenal loci of manifestation (al-maẓāhir al-kiyāniyya) with the lordly, unitary, all-comprehensive form. But its appearance in each locus of disclosure (majlā) and its determination in each locus of manifestation occurs only according to the receiver (al-qābil), not according to the form [itself] — like the appearance of the great light in a small mirror. For it [the appearance] is small and shaped according to its [the mirror's] shape. And the first, most primary intention, and the highest, most manifest divine purpose of bringing into existence, is the divine self-disclosure (tajallī) by His form within the oneness-of-many of the Breath pervading through the realities of the world. Were it not for this luminous existential pervasion, by the holy, unitary, all-comprehensive divine form, within the realities of this witnessed, existing locus of disclosure, no existent would exist, nor any witness be witnessed. So the world's need for the Bringer-into-existence belongs to the people of this reality, so that it may attain the honor of being a locus of manifestation for His form, exalted is He. For what is created upon the form which is [itself] created upon the divine form comes to be upon the divine form — comes to be upon the form. He said, may God be pleased with him, in verse: The whole is in need; the whole is not self-sufficient — / this is the truth (al-ḥaqq); we have said it plainly, not by allusion. But if you mention a Self-Sufficient One having no need — / then you already know what we mean by our saying. The whole is bound to the whole, and it has / no separation from it — take what I have said from me. The servant — may God aid him through it — said: Know: that God, glory be to Him and exalted is He, through all His essential relations (nisab dhātiyya), is the necessitating cause of the existence of the worlds and the loci of manifestation, and necessitates the correlates of His necessary realities and the fine points of the rest of the names of lordship. These correlates are the realities of createdness and being-lorded-over (al-makhlūqiyya wa'l-marbūbiyya); they are necessary of existence through the necessitation of the One Necessary of Existence by Essence for them. And were it not for these manifesting realities among the existents of the realm of possibility, the holy, unitary, all-comprehensive, essential divine form would not have appeared. Thus need (iftiqār) encompasses both the relations of lordship and the realities of being-lorded-over. However, the need of the worlds for the Real, in true verification, is in respect of reality and existence specifically (ʿalā al-taʿyīn). But it is not thus with the need of the nominal relations (al-nisab al-asmāʾiyya), for Existence is that which is named by all the names, determined by all the relations; so there is, through them, no need in existence and verification directed toward the world. Rather [there is need] only in the appearance of traces and properties (al-āthār wa'l-aḥkām), nothing else. And even so, there is no need through them for a specific world or a designated individual locus of manifestation; rather, [the Essence] necessitates by Itself, for them, loci of manifestation not specified, unto the everlasting of everlastings, as is required by Its holy Essence from pre-eternity, the age of ages. So understand. And know: that the sphere of the Real Existence encompasses the concrete and unseen existents, and its encompassing identity (huwiyya) and the first of its essential determination is by the sphere of Divinity (al-ulūhiyya), which encompasses the spheres of the divine names. Then the spheres of the names encompass the realities of their phenomenal loci of manifestation, which are the genera, species, kinds, and individuals of the worlds. And the circle of the greatest sphere of Identity (al-huwiyya al-kubrā), which belongs to the Real Existence, is a sphere encompassing all the [other] spheres. And all of them are confined within four spheres: the sphere of non-determination (lā-taʿayyun) and existential, concrete, true absoluteness; and the sphere of the First Determination (al-taʿayyun al-awwal), the greatest unitary, all-comprehensive [determination]. This [First Determination] is, in relation to the Real Existence, like the heart in relation to the human being. This sphere encompasses two great, universal spheres, which [in turn] encompass the rest of the differentiated spheres — discussion of which will come in [their proper] places — namely: the sphere of Divinity, encompassing all its relations and names, and the cosmic manifesting sphere, from the First Effect to the last form that exists from the last species that comes into existence. Then know: that the sphere of every reality among the points of the circumference of the sphere of Divinity — which is an expression for the relations of lordship and the necessary realities — is only completed by the sphere of its correlate from the world. So every sphere among the spheres of the presences of the names is divided into two universal, equal arcs, whose sum constitutes the circumference of the revolving sphere. The upper arc belongs to the relations of the reality of the sphere of the Name "Allah," its relations and its necessary concomitants — points on the circumference of a circle whose cords are connected, whose fine threads and channels are joined, to the points on the circumference of the other arc, specific to the rank of the manifesting cosmos. And the sum is a complete sphere. So the spheres of Divinity and the points of their circumference are bound to the spheres of the worlds and the points of their circumference. Thus the whole is in need; the whole is not self-sufficient. This is the meaning of the words of the Perfect One (al-Kāmil): "The whole is bound to the whole, and it has / no separation from it — take what I have said from me." And how could there be separation and disjunction, when the universal reality necessitates connection, concord, harmony, and embrace? "And every man's fate We have fastened around his neck" [Qur'an 17:13]. So when the resurrection of differentiation is established, and the stations of connection and attainment are completed, and the graves of the resurrection are scattered open, and the earth of the gathering and resurrection is spread out, then, on the Day of Resurrection he will meet it as a book spread open. We shall mention what remains of the completion of this secret in the place most fitting for it, if God, exalted is He, wills. As for his saying: "But if you mention a Self-Sufficient One having no need — / then you have known what we mean by our saying" — he, may God be pleased with him, alludes to the true, essential, unitary Self-Sufficiency (al-ghinā al-dhātī), the Overpowering One of the entities of otherness, the Bringer-into-existence of the multiplicity of counterparts and onlookers, "God was, and nothing was with Him." "Say: He is God, One. God, the Everlasting Refuge. He begets not, He did not necessitate, from the point of view of His Self-Sufficient Essence, the meaning of engendering and bringing-into-existence, nor does He require manifestation and witnessing, for He is, by Essence, complete forever and ever, 'nor is He begotten' — He was not engendered from any originating premises, 'and there is not for Him' — there is not, for the Greatest Identity (al-huwiyya al-kubrā) encompassing the whole, any like or equal from any specific one. So understand. He said, may God be pleased with him

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ولولا سريان الحق في الموجودات والظهور فيها بالصورة ما كان للعالم وجود﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، لولا سريان ذات الحق وهويته في الموجودات وظهوره فيها بالصورة، أي بصفاته تعالى، ما كان للعالم وجود ولا ظهور لأنه بحسب نفسه معدوم. واكتفى بذكر (الصورة) من الذات لكونها عينها، أو لاستلزام الصورة إياها

That is, were it not for the pervasion of the Essence of the Real and His He-ness in the existents, and His manifestation in them through form — that is, through His attributes, exalted is He — the world would have no existence and no manifestation, for in itself it is nonexistent. He contented himself with mentioning "form" instead of "the Essence," either because it is identical with It, or because the form necessarily entails It

Ibn Turka

﴿ولولا سريان الحق في الموجودات بالصورة ما كان للعالم وجود ، كما أنّه لولا تلك الحقائق المعقولة الكلَّية﴾

كالعلم والحياة

such as knowledge and life

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولولا سريان الحق تعالى﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي وجود الحق

that is, the existence of the Real

Bosnevî

﴿سريان الحق في الموجودات بالصورة ما كان للعالم وجود﴾

واکرحقک صورت الهیة جمعیة احد یه ایله موجوداتده سربانی اولمییدی عالم ایجون وجود اولمز دی* زبرا ممکن اولان عالم عدمدن وجود حقک صورتیدر• پس اگر مرأت عدمده حق وجود اولان صورتی ایله ظاهر اولمییدی جمیع عالم عدمده قالور دی* پس عالمک وجودی جمیع موجو دائده صورتیله حقک سریانند ندر

And if the Real had not had sarayān (pervasion) in the existents with the divine, all-comprehensive, unitary form, there would have been no wujūd (being) for the ʿālam (world). For, for the world, which is possible [and comes] from nonexistence, being is the form of the Real. So if the Real had not become ẓāhir (manifest) in the mirror of nonexistence with His form, which is being, the whole world would have remained in nonexistence. So the being of the world is from the Real's pervasion with His form in all existents.

Jāmī

﴿الحق في الموجودات بالصورة﴾

أي بصورة جمعية الأسماء

i.e., by the form of the comprehensive gathering (jamʿiyya) of the Names

Bālī Zāde

﴿في الموجودات بالصورة﴾

أي بالصفة . وهو بمعنى الإحاطة لا بمعنى الحلول والاتحاد وهو باطل عند أهل الحق بالاتفاق وقد ذكر بطلانه في كثير من الكتب الصوفية

that is, through the attribute. And this is in the sense of encompassment (iḥāṭa), not in the sense of indwelling (ḥulūl) and union (ittiḥād), which is false according to the people of the Real by unanimous agreement, and its falsity has been mentioned in many Sufi books

Jāmī

﴿فما كان للعالم وجود﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

و ظهور فإنه في حد ذاته معدوم لا يوجد إلا بالسريان المذكور. ثم إنه رضي الله عنه شبه توقف ظهور حكم الوجود في الموجودات على سريان الوجود الحق . بتوقف ظهور أحكام الموجودات العينية على سريان الأمور الكلية فيها. فقال

and no manifestation, for in itself it is nonexistent, not existing except through the aforementioned pervasion. Then he, may God be pleased with him, likened the dependence of the manifestation of the ruling property of existence in existent things upon the pervasion of the True Existence, to the dependence of the manifestation of the ruling properties of particular existent things upon the pervasion of universal matters within them. So he said

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما كان للعالم وجود﴾

لأنه بنفسه معدوم فافتقر العالم إلى الحق في وجوده

because it is, in itself, nonexistent; so the world is in need (iftaqara) of the Real for its existence

al-Qayṣarī

﴿كما أنه﴾

الضمير للشأن. قوله

The pronoun refers to "the matter" (al-shaʾn). His statement

Jāmī

﴿كما إنه﴾

الضمير للشأن

the pronoun refers to "the matter/affair" (sha'n)

Bālī Zāde

﴿كما أنه﴾

أي كما أن الشأن

that is, just as the matter (shaʾn) is

Bosnevî

﴿كما انه لولا تلك الحقايق المعقولة الكلية ما ظهر حكم في الموجودات العينية﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

نتکیم شان بودرکه اکر حقایق معقولیه کلیه علم وحیوة کبی اولمییدی موجودات عینیه ده برحکم ظاهرا ولمزدی کذلک موجوداتده صورت الهیه ایله حقک سریانی اولمییدی عالم ایجون وجود اولمز دی بودن اول عالمک حقه ارتباطن وحقک عالمده ظهوری وجهنی بیان ایمک ایجون شیخ رضی الله عنه امور کلیه نک وجود عینیده احکام وآثاری ایله ظهورن ووجود عینینک انلره ارتباطی قاعده سن تمهید ایتدکد نصکره تفصیلا اجزای عالمک حقه ارتباطن ووجود ده اکا افتقارن بیان ایدوب فلولاسریان الحق فی الموجودات بالصورة ما کان للعالم وجود قولی ایله عالمک وجودده حقک صورت ایله سریانه احتیاجن وانسز وجود ایله عدم اتصافن حقایق معقوله کلیه سز موجودات عینیه ده حکمک عدم ظهورن تشبیه ایتدی وحقایق کلیه نک عدمی قتنده عینیه ده حکمک عدم ظهوری مثلا زیدده علمک وجودی امر کله اولان علم مطلقه مستنددر اکر علم مطلق اولان امر کلی اولمییدی عالم بولنمزایدی و براحد اوزره عالمیت ایله حکم صحیح اولمزدی* کذلک هرموجود مقید وجودده حقک وجودته مستنددر* وصورتیله انک سریاننه متوقفدر

Just as the case is this: if there were no universal intelligible ḥaqāʾiq (realities), such as knowledge and life, no ḥukm (ruling, judgment) would have become manifest in the concrete existents; likewise, if the Real had not pervaded the existents with the divine form, there would have been no wujūd (being) for the ʿālam (world). Before this, in order to explain the connection of the world to the Real and the aspect of the Real's ẓuhūr (manifestation) in the world, the Shaykh (may God be pleased with him) first laid down the principle of the manifestation of universal matters with their rulings and traces in concrete being, and of the connection of concrete being to them. After that, he explained in detail the connection of the parts of the world to the Real and their need for Him in being. With his words “Were it not for the pervasion of the Real in the existents by the form, the world would have had no being”, he likened the world's need in being for the Real's pervasion by the form, and its not being qualified by being without it, to the non-manifestation of a ruling in the concrete existents without the universal intelligible realities. And [as for] the non-manifestation of a ruling in the concrete when the universal realities do not exist: for example, the existence of knowledge in Zayd rests on absolute knowledge, which is a universal matter. If there were not the universal matter that is absolute knowledge, a knower [text: ʿālam] would not be found, and the ruling of being-a-knower would not be valid for anyone. Likewise, every delimited existent rests in being on the being of the Real, and depends on His pervasion with His form.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿لولا تلك الحقائق المعقولة الكلية، ما ظهر حكم في الموجودات العينية﴾

أي، كما أنه لو لا تلك الحقائق الكلية، التي في القديم قديم وفي الحادث حادث، ومعروضاتها من الحقائق العينية، ما ظهر حكم من أحكام أسماء الحق وصفاته في الموجودات العينية. فكما أن وجود العالم بسريان الحق في الموجودات بذاته وصفاته، كذلك ظهور أحكام أسمائه وصفاته بالحقائق المعقولة التابعة والمتبوعة. فارتبط العالم بالحق ارتباط الافتقار في وجوده والحق بالعالم من حيث ظهور أحكامه وصفاته. فافتقر كل منهما إلى الآخر لكن الجهة غير متحدة

That is, just as, were it not for those universal realities — which in the Eternal are eternal and in the originated are originated — and their concrete-particular subjects (maʿrūḍāt), no determination among the determinations of the Real's names and attributes would appear in the concrete existents. For just as the existence of the world is through the pervasion of the Real in the existents by His Essence and attributes, likewise the manifestation of the determinations of His names and attributes is through the universal intelligible realities, both the subordinate and the subordinated-to. Thus the world is bound to the Real by a bond of dependency in its existence, and the Real is bound to the world in respect of the manifestation of His determinations and attributes. So each of the two is in need of the other, though the respect [of need] is not identical

Jāmī

﴿لولا تلك الحقائق المعقولة الكلية﴾

وسريانها في الموجودات العينية

and their pervasion in particular existent things

Bālī Zāde

﴿لولا تلك الحقائق المعقولة الكلية﴾

من الحياة والعلم والقدرة وغير ذلك

such as life, knowledge, power, and other than these

Ibn Turka

﴿ما ظهر حكم في الموجودات العينيّة﴾

منها . فلا يكون في الأعيان ما له حياة وعلم ، فكما أنّ ظهور أحكام تلك الحقائق من الأعيان يستدعي عموم سريانها فيها فكذلك ظهور حكم الوجود من العالم يقتضي عموم سريانه فيه . وقوله : « بالصورة » - متعلَّق ب « السريان » - فيه تنبيه على أنّ نسبة السريان المذكور إلى قوسي الإلهي والكياني والصور ، والمعنى متساوية ، لا أنّ ذلك للمعنى أوّلا ، ثمّ للصورة به على ما هو المتبادر إلى أفهام الأكثرين فالوجود لتلك الحقائق من الجهات الاتحاديّة بين الحقّ والعالم والوجوه الاشتراكيّة بينهما ، إلَّا أنّ الوجود للعالم ليس ذاتيّا له بخلاف الحق . قال رضي الله عنه

of them. Thus there would be nothing among the entities (aʿyān) possessing life or knowledge. Just as the appearance of the rulings of those realities from the entities requires the generality of their pervasion within them, so likewise the appearance of the ruling of existence from the cosmos requires the generality of His pervasion within it. His statement 'by way of form' is connected to 'pervasion,' and in it is an indication that the relation (nisba) of the aforementioned pervasion to the two arcs — the Divine and the created (kiyānī) — and the forms, is equal in meaning; not that this applies to the meaning first, and then to the form by means of it, as is what occurs to the understanding of most. So existence belongs to those realities from the unitive aspects (jihāt ittiḥādiyya) between the Real and the cosmos, and the shared aspects between them — except that existence for the cosmos is not essential to it, unlike the Real. He said, may God be pleased with him

Jāmī

﴿ما ظهر حكم في الموجودات العينية﴾

لأنه ما لم يسر الحياة أو العلم مثلا في موجود عيني لم يصح الحكم عليه بأنه حي أو عالم كما سبق

for as long as life or knowledge, for instance, does not pervade a particular existent thing, it is not valid to predicate of it that it is living or knowing, as previously stated

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما ظهر حكم﴾

وأثر كما ذكر من قبل

nor any effect (athar), as was mentioned before

Words 77–79 · 1 of 7

في المَوْجُوداتِ العَيْنِيَّةِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿في الموجودات العينية﴾

فلزم منه أنه لولا تلك الموجودات العينية ما ظهر حكم

and it follows from this that, were it not for those concrete existents, no ruling would appear

al-Qāshānī

﴿ومن هذه الحقيقة﴾

أي من جهة أن الحق في الموجودات سار بالصورة حتى وجد ما وجد

that is, from the fact that the Real pervades (sārin) the existents through the form, such that what exists came to exist

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ومن هذه الحقيقة﴾

أي، ومن هذا الارتباط الذي للحق، هو المعنى الثابت في نفس الأمر، إذ (الحق) هو الثابت لغة

That is, from this bond (irtibāṭ) which belongs to the Real — it being the meaning that is fixed in itself (thābit fī nafs al-amr), since "al-Ḥaqq" [the Real] linguistically means "the fixed/true"

Ibn Turka

﴿ومن هذه الحقيقة كان الافتقار من العالم إلى الحق في وجوده﴾

كما أنّ الافتقار منه إليه في ظهوره ، فالافتقار أيضا من تلك الجهات . وبيّن أنّ هذا الظهور من الإجمال مما يأباه الأحكام الظاهرة والأوضاع التشريعيّة الفارقة ، كما سيشير إليه في معنى قوله تعالى : " يا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ " . فما ناسب لبيانه إلَّا القرائن الشعريّة والتواليف المنظومة الجامعة كما أومأنا إليه فلذلك غيّر مسلك التعبير. إلى قوله

just as its neediness toward Him is in its manifestation (ẓuhūr) — so neediness likewise proceeds from those aspects. And he clarified that this manifestation, in its summary form, is something that the manifest rulings and the differentiating legislative arrangements refuse, as he will indicate in the meaning of His saying, the Exalted: 'O mankind, be mindful of your Lord.' Nothing was suitable for its exposition except poetic correlations and composed, comprehensive arrangements, as we have alluded to; and for that reason he changed the mode of expression — up to his saying

Jāmī

﴿ومن هذه الحقيقة﴾

التي هي الرقيقة الثابتة في نفس الأمر متن نص فصوص الحكم : فالكل مفتقر ما الكل مستغن %~% هذا هو الحق قد قلناه لا نَكني فإن ذكرت غنيّاً لا افتقار به %~% فقد علمت الذي بقولنا نَعْنِي فالكل بالكل مربوط فليس له %~% عنه انفصالُ خذوا ما قلته عني شرح الجامي : بين الموجودات والحق يتوقف وجودها على سريانها فيه

which is the fixed "tinge" (raqīqa) established in the reality of the matter (nafs al-amr) [Fuṣūṣ text:] So all is in need, and all is self-sufficient — This is the Real, we have indeed spoken it, not concealing. If you mention a self-sufficient one who has no need — then you know what we mean by our saying. All is bound to all, so it has no separation from it — take what I have said from me. [Jāmī's commentary:] between the existent things and the Real, their existence depends on their pervading within Him

Bālī Zāde

﴿ومن هذه الحقيقة﴾

أي و من سريان الحق بالصورة في الموجودات (كان) أي حصل

that is, from the pervasion of the Real through the form in the existents (there was) that is, there occurred

Bosnevî

﴿ومن هذه الحقيقة كان الافتقار من العالم الي الحق في وجوده﴾

وبو حقیقتدن یعنی موجوداتده صورتیله سریانی حقیقتندن عالمدن حقه افتقار ثابت اولدی عالمک وجودنده یعنی بوحقیقتدن وجودده عالمک حقه افتقاری اولدی* زیرا اگر موجوداتده صورت ایله حقک سریانی اولمییدی* عالم وجودایله متصف اولمزدی* پس وقتا که عالم وجودده حقک وجودنه مفتقر اولوب وجود حق دخی عالمک مظهر یتنده ربوبیت ایله ظهوره مفتقر درزیرا مظهریت عالم ایله حقک ربوبیتی تحققه در الوهیت مألوه ایله خالقیت مخلوق ابله متحققه اولدیغی کبی* پس علی طریق التضایف حقله خلقدن هر ریسی آخره مفتقر او لمغله (شعر)

And from this ḥaqīqa (reality), that is, from the reality of [His] pervasion with His form in the existents, the need of the ʿālam (world) for the Real was established, in its wujūd (being); that is, from this reality there came to be the world's need for the Real in being. For if the Real had not pervaded the existents with the form, the world would not have been qualified by being. So, since the world needs the being of the Real in being, and the being of the Real, too, needs to become manifest with lordship in the maẓhariyya (being-a-locus-of-manifestation) of the world — for the Real's lordship is realized through the world's being-a-locus, just as divinity (ulūhiyya) is realized through the one-who-is-divinized (maʾlūh) and creatorship through the created — then, since each of the Real and creation needs the other by way of correlation, (verse):

al-Qāshānī

﴿كان الافتقار من العالم إلى الحق في وجوده﴾

لأن صورته هو الموجود فبوجوده وجد كما ذكر في المقدمة قوله نظما

because His form is the existent thing itself, and by His existence it came to exist, as was mentioned in the introduction. His saying, in verse

al-Qayṣarī

﴿كان الافتقار من العالم إلى الحق في وجوده﴾

(كان) تامة بمعنى حصل. وإنما قال

"kāna" here is complete (tāmma), meaning "occurred." He said

Jāmī

﴿كان الافتقار من العالم إلى الحق في وجوده﴾

كما أن الافتقار منه سبحانه إلى العالم في ظهوره . ولما شبه رضي الله عنه ارتباط الموجودات بالوجود الحق بارتباطها بالأمور الكلية، وقد ثبت في ما تقدم الارتباط بينهما بافتقار كل من الطرفين إلى الآخر. في بعض الأحكام كان فيه إشعار بأن الحق سبحانه وإن كان غنية عن العالمين بذاته وأسمائه الذاتية . لكن لا سيما باعتبار ظهورها وترتب أثارها عليه افتقار إلى العالم كما وقع به الإشارة إليه في صدر الفص. فلهذا فرع عليه قوله : (فالكل)، أي كل واحد من الحق والعالم (مفتقر) إلى الآخر، أما افتقار العالم إليه فعلی تعينه العلمي بالفيض الأقدسي . وفي تعبنه الوجودي بالفيض المقدسي. وأما افتقار الحق إلى العالم فباعتبار ظهور أسمائه في المراتب وترتب آثارها عليها لا باعتبار ذاتها واتصافه بالصفات الحقيقية كالوجوب والعلم فإنه بهذا الاعتبار غني عن العالمين . ثم أكده بقوله

just as there arises His need, glory be to Him, for the world in His manifestation. And since he, may God be pleased with him, likened the connection of existent things to the True Existence to their connection to universal matters, and it had already been established that there is a mutual connection between the two [the Real and the world] through the need of each of the two sides for the other in respect of certain rulings — there was in this an intimation that the Real, glory be to Him, although self-sufficient from the worlds in His Essence and His essential Names, nevertheless — particularly in respect of the manifestation of these [Names] and the ordering of their effects upon them — has a need for the world, as was pointed to at the beginning of the chapter (faṣṣ). For this reason he built upon it his statement: (So all), i.e., each one of the Real and the world, (is in need) of the other. As for the world's need of Him, it is by virtue of its cognitive entification (taʿayyun) through the Most Holy Effusion (al-fayḍ al-aqdas), and by virtue of its existential entification through the Holy Effusion (al-fayḍ al-muqaddas). As for the Real's need of the world, it is in respect of the manifestation of His Names within the [ontological] levels and the ordering of their effects upon them, not in respect of His Essence and His being qualified by the true attributes such as [necessary] existence and knowledge — for in this respect He is self-sufficient from the worlds. Then he confirmed this by his statement

Bālī Zāde

﴿الافتقار من العالم إلى الحق في وجوده﴾

ومن الحق إلى العالم في ظهور أحكامه فإذا كان الأمر كذلك. شعر: فالكل مفتقر ما الكل مستغن %~% هذا هو الحق قد قلناه لا نكني فإن ذكرت غنيا لا افتقار به %~% فقد علمت الذي بقولنا نعني فالكل بالكل مربوط فليس له %~% عنه انفصال خذوا ما قلته عني (فالكل) أي كل واحد من الحق والعالم المفتقر إلى الآخر من جهتين مختلفتين (ما الكل مستغني). أي ليس كل منهما مستغن (هذا) أي افتقار الكل وعدم استغنائه

and of the Real for the world in the manifestation of His rulings (aḥkām). If the matter is thus — [verse]: 'The whole is in need, the whole is not self-sufficient; this is the truth, we have said it, not speaking allusively. If you mention a self-sufficient one having no need, then you have known what we mean by our saying. The whole is bound to the whole, having no separation from it — take what I have said from me.' (The whole) that is, each one of the Real and the world is in need of the other from two different aspects. (The whole is not self-sufficient) that is, neither of the two is self-sufficient. (This) that is, the need of the whole and its lack of self-sufficiency

Words 89–90 · 1 of 7

في وُجُودِهِ

Only al-Qayṣarī comments here.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿في وجوده﴾

ولم يتعرض بذاته، تنبيها على أن الأعيان ليست مجعولة لجعل الجاعل مع أنها فائضة من الحق بالفيض الأقدس، لأن الجعل إنما يتعلق بالوجود الخارجي. كما مر تحقيقه في المقدمات. قوله شعر

and did not mention "in its essence," alerting [us] to the fact that the entities (aʿyān) are not [objects] made by the making of a Maker, even though they emanate from the Real by the most holy effusion (al-fayḍ al-aqdas), for "making" (jaʿl) pertains only to external existence, as was established in the introductions. His statement, in verse

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAbdallāh al-Bosnawī (Abdullah Bosnevî, d. 1054/1644), Tecelliyât-ı ʿarâʾis en-nuṣûṣ fî menaṣṣât ḥikem el-Fuṣûṣ

Digital text: Our collation of two OCRs of the print, disagreements settled against the page images (AI, each page linked)

Print edition behind it: Istanbul, 1290/1873 (Ottoman Turkish), vol. 1; the scan of Princeton University Library's copy at HathiTrust (catalog record 008919315).

Taken from: HathiTrust. Full view of the scanned volume.

Licence: Public domain (1873 print); our OCR collation is ours. Each comment links to its page in the HathiTrust scan.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.