Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

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عَنْ مَاءِ مَرْيَمَ أَوْ عَنْ نَفْخِ جِبْرِينْ فِي صُورَةِ البَشَرِ المَوْجُودِ مِنْ طِينْ تَكَوَّنَ الرُّوحُ فِي ذَاتٍ مُطَهَّرَةٍ مِنَ الطَّبِيعَةِ تَدْعُوهَا بِسِجِّينْ لِأَجْلِ ذَلِكَ قَدْ طَالَتْ إِقَامَتُهُ فِيهَا فَزَادَ عَلَىٰ أَلْفٍ بِتَعْيِينْ رُوحٌ مِنَ اللهِ لَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ فَلِذَا أَحْيَا المُوَاتَ وَأَنْشَا الطَّيْرَ مِنْ طِينْ حَتَّىٰ يَصِحَّ لَهُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ نَسَبٌ بِهِ يُؤَثِّرُ فِي العَالِي وَفِي الدُّونِ اللهُ طَهَّرَهُ جِسْمًا وَنَزَّهَهُ رُوحًا وَصَيَّرَهُ مَثَلًا بِتَكْوِينْ اِعْلَمْ أَنَّ مِنْ خَصَائِصِ الأَرْوَاحِ أَنَّهَا لَا تَطَأُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا حَيِيَ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْءُ وَسَرَتِ الحَيَاةُ فِيهِ

From the water of Maryam, or from the blowing of Jibrīn [Gabriel] in the form of the mortal (bashar) existent from clay, the spirit came to be in an essence purified of nature, [nature] which you call Sijjīn. Because of that, his sojourn in it [i.e., in the world] was prolonged, so that it exceeded a thousand [years] by specification. A spirit from God, not from other than Him; therefore he gave life to the dead and brought the bird into being from clay, so that a lineage from his Lord might be valid for him, by which he exerts effect upon the high and the low. God purified him in body, made him incomparable in spirit, and made him a likeness [of Himself] in engendering. Know that among the special properties of spirits is that they do not tread upon anything without that thing coming to life and life permeating it.

On the whole passage · 3 of 5

al-Qāshānī

﴿اعلم أن من خصائص الأرواح أنها لا تطأ شيئا إلا حيى ذلك الشيء وسرت الحياة فيه ولهذا قبض السامري قبضة من أثر الرسول الذي هو جبريل وهو الروح وكان السامري عالما بهذا الأمر فلما عرف أنه جبريل عرف أن الحياة قد سرت فيما وطئ عليه فقبض قبضة من أثر الرسول بالضاد أو بالصاد أي بملء يده أو بأطراف أصابعه فنبذها في العجل فخار العجل ، إذ صوت البقر إنما هو خوار ، ولو أقامه صورة أخرى لنسب إليه اسم الصوت الذي لتلك الصورة كالرغاء للإبل ، والثؤاج للكباش ، واليعار للشياه ، والصوت للإنسان أو النطق أو الكلام﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لما كانت الحياة للروح ذاتية لأن الروح من نفس الرحمن لم يؤثر في جسم إذ لم يباشره بالصورة المثالية إلا ظهر فيه خاصية الحياة وأثر من آثارها بحسب صورة ذلك الجسم ، فإن كان ذا مزاج معتدل قابل للحياة ظهر فيه الحس والحركة وجميع خواص الحياة بحسب المزاج المخصوص ، وإن لم يكن ظهر فيه أثر من الحياة بحسب صورته كالخوار لصوت البقر ، وكلما كان الروح أقوى كان تأثيره أقوى وأشد وخاصيته أظهر . وجبريل عند أهل العرفان هو الروح الكلى المسلط على السماوات السبع وما تحتها من العناصر والمواليد ومحل سلطنته السدرة المنتهى وهي صورة نفس الفلك السابع . وكل ما في المرتبة العالية من الأرواح فهو مؤثر في جميع ما في المراتب السافلة التي تحتها فأرواح سائر الأفلاك التي تحت السابع كأعوانه وقواه . وأما روح فلك القمر الذي سماه الفلاسفة العقل الفعال ، فالعرفاء يسمونه إسماعيل ، وهو ليس بإسماعيل النبي عليه السلام بل ملك مسلط على عالم الكون والفساد من أعوان جبريل وأتباعه ، وليس له حكم فيما فوق فلك القمر . كما لا حكم لجبريل فيما فوق السدرة فظهر جبريل في الصورة المثالية على الحيزوم الذي هو أيضا صورة متمثلة من الروح الحيواني سرى في التراب الذي وطئ عليه فسرت فيه قوة الحياة المتعدية وكان السامري عالما بذلك فقبض قبضة من ذلك التراب فنبذها في الصورة المفرغة على صوره العجل فظهر فيه ما ناسب صورته من الحياة وهو الخوار . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

, i.e., with a full hand or with the tips of his fingers — and cast it into the calf, whereupon the calf lowed (khāra), since the sound of cattle is precisely a lowing. Had he set it up in another form, the name of the sound proper to that form would have been attributed to it — such as braying (rughāʾ) for camels, bleating (thuʾāj) for rams, blatting (yuʿār) for ewes, and voice, or speech, or articulate language for man.] Since life is essential to the spirit — because the spirit is from the Breath of the All-Merciful — it does not act upon any body, nor touch it in imaginal form, without the property of life, and some trace of its effects, appearing in it according to the form of that body. If the body has a balanced constitution receptive to life, sensation, motion, and all the special properties of life appear in it according to that particular constitution; if not, a trace of life still appears in it according to its [proper] form — such as the lowing proper to the sound of cattle. And the stronger the spirit, the stronger and more intense its influence, and the more manifest its special property. Now Jibrīl, according to the people of gnosis, is the Universal Spirit given dominion over the seven heavens and whatever is beneath them of the elements and generated things; the locus of his dominion is the Lote-Tree of the Furthest Boundary (Sidrat al-Muntahā), which is the form of the very self of the seventh sphere. And whatever spirit occupies a higher rank exerts influence upon everything in the lower ranks beneath it; thus the spirits of the other spheres beneath the seventh are like his helpers and his powers. As for the spirit of the sphere of the moon, which the philosophers call the Active Intellect, the gnostics name him Ismāʿīl — not the prophet Ismāʿīl, peace be upon him, but an angel given dominion over the world of generation and corruption, one of Jibrīl's helpers and followers, having no authority over what is above the sphere of the moon — just as Jibrīl has no authority over what is above the Lote-Tree. Thus Jibrīl appeared in imaginal form upon Ḥayzūm [his mount], which is likewise a form imagined from the animal spirit, and [life] flowed into the dust he trod upon, so that the transitive power of life flowed into it. The Samaritan, knowing this, seized a handful of that dust and cast it into the hollow form shaped as a calf, whereupon there appeared in it what corresponded to its form, namely, the lowing. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:]

al-Jandī

﴿اعلم : أنّ من خصائص الأرواح أنّها لا تطأ شيئا إلَّا حيي ذلك الشيء وسرت الحياة فيه ، ولهذا قبض السامريّ " قَبْضَةً من أَثَرِ الرَّسُولِ " الذي هو جبرئيل وهو الروح ، وكان السامريّ عالما بهذا الأمر . لمّا عرف أنّه جبرئيل ، عرف أنّ الحياة قد سرت فيما وطئ عليه ، فقبض قبضة من أثر الرسول - بالصاد أو بالضاد - أي بملء يده أو بأطراف أصابعه ، فنبذها في العجل فخار العجل ، إذ صوت البقر إنّما هو الخوار ، ولو أقامه صورة أخرى نسب إليه اسم الصوت الذي لتلك الصورة كالرغاء للإبل والثؤاج للكباش والثغاء للشياه ، والصوت للإنسان ، أو النطق أو الكلام » .﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد : قد علمت فيما تقدّم أنّ الروح نفس رحماني ، فالحياة ذاتية له ، وإذا أثّر أو باشر بصورته المثالية جسما من الأجسام ، ظهر سرّ الحياة فيه بحسب صور ذلك الجسم ، والجسم ليست له الحياة التي تفيد الحركة والحسّ الخاصّة بالحيوان ، وإنّما هي من خاصّة الروح . ثمّ الروح إذا كان كلَّيا يكون تأثيره بحسبه وبحسب قوّته ، وجبرئيل هو الروح الكلَّي المسلَّط على عالم العناصر كلَّها وسلطانها ، ومقامه سدرة المنتهى ، وليس كما يزعم الفلاسفة أنّه العقل الفعّال يعنون روح فلك القمر . فإنّ روحانية فلك القمر هو إسماعيل ، وليس بإسماعيل النبيّ ، بل هو ملك مسلَّط على عالم الكون والفساد ، هو من أتباع جبرئيل عليه السّلام . وليس لإسماعيل حكم فيما فوق فلك القمر ، ولا لجبرئيل فيما فوق السدرة ، وحكمه على السماوات السبع وما تحتها من الأسطقسّات والعناصر والمواليد ، فلمّا ظهر هذا الروح الأمين الكلَّي متمثّلا على البراق ، والبراق أيضا روح متمثّل كذلك من روح البراق المتمثّل أثّر في التراب الذي وطئ عليه ، فسرت فيه الحياة ، لقوّة روحانيته المتعدّية ، فلمّا نبذ التراب في تلك الصورة المسوّاة على صورة البقر ، أثّر فيها من الحياة هذا القدر . لاهوتا ») . يعني رضي الله عنه : لمّا كانت الحياة من خصوص الإلهية ، فأيّ شيء سرت فيه الحياة - أيّ نوع كان من أنواع الحياة المختلفة الظهور في الأجسام القابلة التي تسري فيها - يسمّى لاهوتا . قال رضي الله عنه

The servant [of God] says: You have already learned that the Spirit is a Breath of the All-Merciful (nafas raḥmānī), so life is essential (dhātī) to it. When it exerts its effect or makes direct contact through its imaginal form (ṣūra mithāliyya) upon some body, the secret of life becomes manifest in it according to the forms proper to that body — though the body itself does not possess the life that yields the specific movement and sensation of animal life; that belongs exclusively to the spirit. Then, when the spirit is a universal spirit (kullī), its effect occurs according to its measure and its power. Gabriel is the universal spirit given dominion over the entire elemental world and is its sovereign; his station is the Lote-Tree of the Furthest Limit (sidrat al-muntahā). He is not, as the philosophers claim, the Active Intellect, by which they mean the spirit of the lunar sphere. For the spiritual reality of the lunar sphere is Ismāʿīl — not the Prophet Ismāʿīl, but rather an angel given dominion over the world of generation and corruption, one of the followers of Gabriel, peace be upon him. Ismāʿīl has no authority above the lunar sphere, nor does Gabriel have authority above the Lote-Tree; his authority extends over the seven heavens and whatever lies beneath them of the elements, the elemental constituents, and the things generated from them. So when this trustworthy universal spirit appeared, embodied upon the Burāq — the Burāq itself being likewise an embodied spirit proceeding from the embodied spirit of the Burāq — he exerted an effect upon the dust he trod upon, and life coursed through it by virtue of the power of his transitive spirituality. Then, when he cast that dust into that form shaped in the likeness of a calf, he imparted to it this measure of life.] ["...divinity (lāhūtā)."] He — may God be pleased with him — means: since life is a property specific to divinity, whatever thing life courses through — whatever type, among the different kinds of life that appear in the receptive bodies through which they course — is called lāhūt (divinity).

Bālī Zāde

﴿اعلم أن من خصائص الأرواح أنها لا تطأ شيئا إلا حيى ذلك الشيء وسرت الحياة فيه ولهذا قبض السامري قبضة من أثر الرسول الذي هو جبريل وهو الروح وكان السامري عالما بهذا الأمر فلما عرف أنه جبريل عرف أن الحياة قد سرت فيما وطئ عليه فقبض قبضة من أثر الرسول بالضاد أو بالصاد أي بملء يده أو بأطراف أصابعه فنبذها في العجل فخار العجل ، إذ صوت البقر إنما هو خوار ، ولو أقامه صورة أخرى لنسب إليه اسم الصوت الذي لتلك الصورة كالرغاء للإبل ، والثؤاج للكباش ، واليعار للشياه ، والصوت للإنسان أو النطق أو الكلام﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( وسرت الحياة فيه ) لأن الحياة أول صفة تعرض الروح فيؤثر بها الروح فيما يطأ عليه

with the tips of his fingers — and cast it into the calf, so the calf bellowed, since the sound of cattle is only bellowing; and had he set it up in another form, there would have been attributed to it the name of the sound belonging to that form, like braying for camels, bleating for rams, bleating for ewes, and speech for man, or articulate speech or language] ("and life ran through it") because life is the first attribute that attaches to the spirit, so the spirit exerts influence by it upon whatever it treads upon

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 7975); moved here

al-Qāshānī

﴿عن ماء مريم أو عن نفخ جبرين %~% في صورة البشر الموجود من طين … تكون الروح في ذات مطهرة %~% من الطبيعة تدعوها بسجين﴾

لما كانت النبوة مدرجة في الكلمة الإلهية التي هي حقيقة عيسى الملقب بروح الله في ذات مطهرة من عالم الطبيعة في حالة كونك تدعو تلك الطبيعة أو يدعوها الظاهرة في صورة بشرية طبيعية احتمل تكونه من ماء مريم لنشأته الطبيعية ، فإنها نفس طاهرة منبأة من عند الله بما يكون عنها في قوله تعالى : " إِذْ قالَتِ الْمَلائِكَةُ يا مَرْيَمُ إِنَّ الله يُبَشِّرُكِ بِكَلِمَةٍ مِنْه اسْمُه الْمَسِيحُ ". ومن نفخ جبريل فإنه الروح الأمين على أنباء الله التي أنبأ بها جميع الأنبياء عن الحق ومنهما جميعا بحسب روحانيته وجسمانيته فاستفهم عن وجود نشأته ، أنه من أيهما تكون لاحتمال الجميع في النظر العقلي . فقال : أعن ماء مريم بل أعن نفخ جبرين تكون هذا الروح ، وهذا الاستفهام مبنى على النظر العقلي . وأما بحسب الكشف فهو الكلمة الإلهية التي أنبأ الله أمه وجبريل هو الواسطة الذي وقع على لسانه إلى أمه وأداه إلى قلبها كسائر الأنباء التي ألقاها إلى الأنبياء ، ولا بد من توسط الروح الذي هو جبريل ليتعين هذا الروح والكلمة الإلهية ويصل إلى مريم عليها السلام

[Verse: Was it from the water of Mary, or from the breath of Jibrīl, %~% in the form of the human existent made from clay... The spirit comes to be in an essence purified %~% from Nature — you may call it 'sijjīn' (imprisoned)] Since prophethood is embedded in the Divine Word, which is the reality of Jesus, called the Spirit of God, [existing] in an essence purified from the world of Nature — in the state of your calling that Nature, or its manifest aspect calling it, in a natural human form — it is conceivable that his coming-to-be was from the water of Mary, by virtue of his natural constitution (nashʾa), for she was a pure soul informed by God of what would come to be from her, as in His saying: 'When the angels said: O Mary, God gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him, whose name is the Messiah.' And [it is also conceivable he came] from the breath of Jibrīl, for he is the Trustworthy Spirit charged with the reports of God which he conveyed to all the prophets concerning the Real. And from both together, according to his spirituality and his corporeality, one may inquire about the origin of his coming-to-be — from which of the two it was — since both are conceivable by rational consideration. Hence he said: 'Was it from the water of Mary, or rather from the breath of Jibrīl, that this spirit came to be?' This inquiry is based on rational consideration. But according to [mystical] unveiling (kashf), he is the Divine Word which God announced to his mother, and Jibrīl is the intermediary upon whose tongue it fell to her and which he conveyed to her heart, like all the other reports he delivered to the prophets. The mediation of the spirit, who is Jibrīl, was necessary for this spirit and Divine Word to become determined (yataʿayyan) and to reach Mary, peace be upon her.]

al-Jandī

﴿عن ماء مريم أو عن نفخ جبرين %~% في صورة البشر الموجود من طين … تكون الروح في ذات مطهرة %~% من الطبيعة تدعوها بسجين﴾

يشير رضي الله عنه إلى أنّ تكوّن الروح في حكم النظر العقلي يجوز أن يكون عن نفخ جبرئيل عليه السّلام فإنّ الروح الأمين على أنباء الله التي أنبأ بها جميع الأنبياء عن الحق بنبوّاتهم . ويجوز أن يكون من حيث طهارة المحلّ وهو مريم عليها السّلام فإنّها أيضا منبأة من عند الله بما يكون عنها بقوله تعالى : " إِذْ قالَتِ الْمَلائِكَةُ يا مَرْيَمُ إِنَّ الله يُبَشِّرُكِ بِكَلِمَةٍ مِنْه ُ اسْمُه ُ الْمَسِيحُ " وذلك عين الإنباء من عند الله وقد أنبأت نبيّ الله زكريّا بقولها : " هُوَ من عِنْدِ الله إِنَّ الله يَرْزُقُ من يَشاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسابٍ " ، فصلحت إضافة تكوّن عيسى عليه السّلام نبيّا عن نفخ جبرئيل الأمين في صورة البشر ، وعن مائها الطاهر ، وعنهما معا ، ومقتضى الكشف أنّ النبوّة كانت مدرجة في الكلمة الإلهية وهي وجود عيسى ، فبدأ - رضي الله عنه - في نظمه مستفهما لهذا الاحتمال في النظر العقلي . قال : الأصل في وجود نشأته عليه السّلام إمّا جبرئيل عليه السّلام أو مريم عليها السّلام أو هما معا . وفي الكشف الاسم هو الكلمة الإلهية التي أنبأ الله بها أمّه وجبرئيل بكلّ نبأ واقع على لسانه وفي قلب أمّه وعن جبرئيل بالنسبة إلى أمّه وإليه ، لأنّ الإنباء الحقيقي إنّما هو للوجود المتعيّن في مظهرية كلّ منهم ، وهو الكلمة والروح الحقيقي . قال - رضي الله عنه -

He - may God be pleased with him - indicates that the coming-to-be of the spirit, according to rational consideration, may be from the breath of Gabriel, peace be upon him, for the Trustworthy Spirit (al-rūḥ al-amīn) is entrusted with God's tidings (anbāʾ) which all the prophets announced from the Real through their prophethoods. It may also be from the standpoint of the purity of the locus, namely Mary, peace be upon her, for she too was informed by God of what would come from her, by His saying: "When the angels said, 'O Mary, God gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him, whose name is the Messiah'" - and that is precisely an announcement from God's presence. She had indeed informed the Prophet of God Zechariah by her saying: "It is from God; God provides for whom He wills without reckoning." Thus it is valid to attribute the coming-to-be of Jesus, peace be upon him, as a prophet, to the breath of the trustworthy Gabriel in human form, or to her pure water, or to both together. The requirement of unveiling (kashf) is that prophethood was embedded within the Divine Word, which is the existence of Jesus. So he - may God be pleased with him - began his verse by posing this possibility to rational consideration as a question. He said: the root of the coming-to-be of his configuration (nashʾa), peace be upon him, is either Gabriel, peace be upon him, or Mary, peace be upon her, or both together. In unveiling, the Name is the Divine Word by which God informed his mother, and Gabriel conveys every tiding occurring upon his tongue and in the heart of his mother, and from Gabriel in relation to his mother and to himself - for the true announcement belongs only to the determined existence (al-wujūd al-mutaʿayyin) in the manifestation-locus (maẕhariyya) of each of them, which is the Word and the true Spirit. He - may God be pleased with him - said:

Jāmī

﴿عن ماء مريم أو نفخ جبريل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

هو لغة في جبريل ، وهذا الكلام يحتمل أن يكون خبرا كما هو الظاهر واستفهاما للتقدير بتقدير الهمزة

This is a linguistic usage referring to Gabriel. This statement could be either declarative, as it outwardly appears, or interrogative by positing an elided interrogative particle (hamza).

Bālī Zāde

﴿عن ماء مريم﴾

استفهام تقرير حذفت همزته ( أو ) بمعنى الواو

A rhetorical question seeking confirmation, whose hamza has been elided; (or) in the sense of (and)

Words 5–7 · 1 of 5

عَنْ نَفْخِ جِبْرِينْ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿عن نفخ جبرين﴾

أي جبرئيل قوله

i.e., Jibrāʾīl. His saying

Jāmī

﴿في صورة البشر الموجود في طين﴾

حال من جبريل . أي عن ماء مريم أو عن جبريل حال كونه متمثلا في صورة بشرية كما قال تعالى :" فَتَمَثَّلَ لَها بَشَراً سَوِيًّا " [ مريم : 17 ]

This is a circumstantial clause (ḥāl) describing Gabriel. That is: from the water of Mary, or from Gabriel in the state of his being represented in a human form, as the Exalted said: "So he took for her the form of a well-proportioned human being" [Mary 19:17].

Bālī Zāde

﴿في صورة البشر الموجود﴾

ظرف لجبرين أي المخلوق

is an adverbial phrase for Jibrīn, i.e., the created [form]

Words 12–13 · 1 of 5

مِنْ طِينْ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿من طين﴾

وقوله عن ماء مريم متعلق بقوله

And his saying "from the water of Mary" is connected to his saying

Jāmī

﴿تكون الروح﴾

أي الحقيقة المعنوية العيسوية بصورته الشخصية الخارجية

That is, the Jesus-reality in its meaning, by means of his individual external form.

Bālī Zāde

﴿تكون الروح في ذات مطهرة %~% من الطبيعة تدعوها بسجين﴾

( عن ماء مريم ) استفهام تقرير حذفت همزته ( أو ) بمعنى الواو ( عن نفخ جبرين ) أي جبريل ( في ) يتعلق بجبرين ( صورة البشر الموجود ) أي المخلوق ( من طين ) وعن متعلق بقوله : ( تكون الروح ) العيسوى ( في ذات مطهرة ) ذات مريم ( من الطبيعة ) أي من أدناسها وأرجاسها ومقتضياتها من اللذات الشهوانية ( تدعوها ) أي الطبيعة التي تدعو مريم أي شأن هذه الطبيعة أن تدعو مريم ( بسجين ) أي جحيم

("from the water of Mary") a rhetorical question seeking confirmation whose hamza has been elided; ("or") in the sense of ("and") ("from the breath of Jibrīn") i.e. Jibrāʾīl ("in") is connected to Jibrīn ("the form of the existent human") i.e. the created [form] ("from clay") and "from" is connected to his saying: ("the spirit comes to be") the Jesus-spirit ("in a purified essence") the essence of Mary ("from Nature") i.e. from its impurities, filth, and the demands of its carnal pleasures ("calls it") i.e. Nature, which calls Mary, meaning it is the way of this Nature to call Mary ("a prison") i.e. a hellfire

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 7899); moved here

﴿تكون الروح في ذات مطهرة %~% من الطبيعة تدعوها بسجين … تكون الروح … في ذات مطهرة﴾

وهي ذات مريم

and it is the essence of Mary

Jāmī

﴿في ذات مطهرة عن الطبيعة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي عن غلبة أحكام الطبيعة السفلية العنصرية ( التي يدعوها ) اللّه سبحانه ويسميها في كتابه العزيز ( بسجين ) مأخوذ من السجن لأن كل ما هو في عالم الطبيعة مسجون محبوس مقيد بالتعلقات الجسمانية والقيود الظلمانية . وفي بعض النسخ تدعوها بتاء الخطاب أو التأنيث ، أي الطبيعة تدعوه : أنت بسجين أو الطبيعة التي تدعو بتلك الذات المطهرة إلى سجين فتكون الباء بمعنى إلى لأجل ذلك قد طالت إقامته %~% فيها فزاد على ألف بتعيين روح من الله لا من غيره فلذا %~% أحيا الموات وأنشا الطير من طين حتى يصح له من ربه نسب %~% به يؤثر في العالي وفي الدون الله طهره جسما ونزهه %~% روحا وصيره مثلا بتكوين

That is, purified from the domination of the rulings of the lower elemental nature, which God, Glory be to Him, calls in His Mighty Book "Sijjīn" (the Register), derived from "sijn" (prison), because everything in the natural world is imprisoned, confined, and bound by bodily attachments and dark fetters. In some copies it reads "it calls you" with the second-person or feminine marker - that is, nature calls it: "You are in Sijjīn," or nature which calls that purified essence to Sijjīn, in which case the bāʾ would carry the meaning of "to" (ilā). For this reason his stay therein was prolonged %~% within it, exceeding a thousand years, by the designation of a spirit from God and from none other. For that reason %~% he revived the dead and brought forth the bird from clay, so that a lineage might be established for him from his Lord %~% by which he exerted influence both in the higher and the lower - God purified him bodily %~% and declared his spirit incomparable, and made him a likeness through engendering.

Words 19–20 · 2 of 5

مِنَ الطَّبِيعَةِ

Ibn Turka

﴿من الطبيعة﴾

التي لم تزل تفسد وتتغيّر ( تدعوها ) إلى السفل معدن كمالها المسمى ( بسجّين ) الحصر والقيد . وبيّن أن المزاج المعتدل بين القوّتين المتقاومتين ، لا بدّ وأن يكون لها بقاء بقدر قوّتهما وتكافؤهما عند تحاذيهما ، واستقرارهما في الاعتدال

which does not cease to corrupt and change ( calling it ) down to the lowest abode of its perfection, named ( Sijjīn ), [meaning] confinement and restriction. And it is clarified that the balanced mixture (mizāj) between two opposing forces must have a duration proportional to their strength and their equivalence when they are aligned and settled in equilibrium (iʿtidāl)

Bālī Zāde

﴿من الطبيعة﴾

أي من أدناسها وأرجاسها ومقتضياتها من اللذات الشهوانية ( تدعوها ) أي الطبيعة التي تدعو مريم أي شأن هذه الطبيعة أن تدعو مريم ( بسجين ) أي بجحيم

i.e. from its impurities, filth, and the demands of its carnal pleasures ("calls her") i.e. the Nature that calls Mary, meaning it is the way of this Nature to call Mary ("a prison") i.e. a hellfire

al-Qāshānī

﴿لأجل ذلك قد طالت إقامته %~% فيها وزاد على ألف بتعيين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي من أجل تكون هذا الروح في ذات مطهرة من الطبيعة الفاسدة وهي الصورة المثالية ، أو ذات كائنة من عالم الطبيعة طهرت من الخبائث وهو صورة عيسى أو أمه . طالت إقامتها في صورة البشر وزاد طول إقامتها على ألف على التعيين ، فإن مولد عيسى كان قبل مولد النبي عليه الصلاة والسلام بخمسمائة وخمس وخمسين سنة . وقد بقي بعد ، وسينزل ويدعو الناس إلى دين محمد عليه الصلاة والسلام فزاد على ألف بالتعين فعلى هذا طال إقامته في صورة البشر إما معللا بطهارته ونزاهته من الطبيعة وإما بطهارة أمه ، وكونه في صورة البشر إنما هو لأجل المحل القابل وهو الطبيعة

[Verse: For that reason his sojourn %~% within it was prolonged, exceeding a thousand by a specific amount] That is, because of this spirit's coming-to-be in an essence purified from corrupt Nature — which is the imaginal form (al-ṣūra al-mithāliyya) — or an essence arising from the world of Nature that was purified of impurities, namely the form of Jesus or his mother — his sojourn in human form was prolonged, exceeding a thousand [years] by a specific determined amount. For the birth of Jesus preceded the birth of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, by five hundred and fifty-five years. And he has remained [alive] since, and he will descend and call people to the religion of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him — thus exceeding a thousand by that specific determination. According to this, his sojourn in human form was prolonged, either on account of his purity and freedom from Nature, or on account of his mother's purity; and his being in human form was only for the sake of the receptive locus (al-maḥall al-qābil), which is Nature.]

al-Jandī

﴿لأجل ذلك قد طالت إقامته %~% فيها فزاد على ألف بتعيين﴾

يشير رضي الله عنه إلى إقامة روح الله في الصورة البشرية الطبيعية من جهة أمّه . فإنّ تكوّن الروح بشرا إنّما كان من أجل المحلّ القابل وهي الطبيعة ، فإنّ وجود مريم من أظهر المظاهر الطبيعية وأصفاها ، ووجوده عليه السّلام ضرب مثل وإنباء من الله لمن عقل عنه لوجود الروح الإنساني الكمالي عن الطبيعية من حيث التعيّن وظهور أحكام الروح وآثاره وقواه في مظاهرها الطبيعية الجسمانية . لأنّ الروح الإنساني بعينه حادث بحدوث البدن ، ولم يكن هذا التعيّن موجودا قبل النشأة الطبيعية ، فإنّ وجود الروح قبل وجود البدن وجود روحاني في صورة روحانية نورانية فلكية وعرشية ونورية ومثالية . وإنّما ظهرت آثار قواه وتصرّفاتها في العالم مظاهرها بين البدن ، ومتعلَّق الحدوث إنّما هو التعيّن ، والحدوث في الصور العنصرية والمزاج الجسماني ، وليس ذلك إلَّا لقواها وآثارها وتصرّفاتها في الأرواح الثلاثة : الطبيعيّ والحيواني والنفساني ، فافهم

He - may God be pleased with him - indicates the residence of the Spirit of God within the natural human form by way of his mother. For the coming-to-be of the spirit as human was only for the sake of the receptive locus, which is nature (al-ṭabīʿa); for the existence of Mary is among the most manifest and purest of natural manifestation-loci (maẕāhir), and his existence, peace be upon him, is an exemplum (mithl) and an announcement from God for whoever understands it: of the existence of the perfect human spirit arising from nature in respect of determination (taʿayyun) and the appearance of the rulings of the spirit, its traces, and its powers in its natural, corporeal manifestation-loci. For the human spirit itself comes into being (ḥādith) with the coming-into-being of the body, and this determination (taʿayyun) did not exist before the natural configuration (nashʾa); for the existence of the spirit before the existence of the body is a spiritual existence in a luminous spiritual form - celestial, throne-related, luminous, and imaginal (mithālī). It is only that the traces of its powers and their operations appeared in the world through its manifestation-loci within the body, and what pertains to coming-into-being is only the determination, and the coming-into-being in elemental forms and corporeal temperament is nothing but for its powers, traces, and operations in the three spirits: the natural, the animal, and the psychic (al-nafsānī). So understand.

Ibn Turka

﴿لأجل ذلك قد طالت﴾

للروح ( إقامته ) في تلك الذات ومكثه

the spirit's ( residence ) in that essence (dhāt) and its stay was prolonged

Jāmī

﴿لأجل ذلك﴾

أي لأجل تكونه من نفخ جبريل ، لأن للأرواح صفة البقاء أو لأجل تكونه في ذات مطهرة ، لأن طهارة المحل توجب طهارة المحمول والطهارة تستدعي طول البقاء

That is, because of his coming into being from the breath of Gabriel, since spirits have the attribute of endurance; or because of his coming into being within a purified essence, since the purity of the locus necessitates the purity of what is borne by it, and purity requires prolonged endurance.

Bālī Zāde

﴿لأجل ذلك قد طالت إقامته %~% فيها وزاد على ألف بتعيين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(لأجل ذلك ) أي لأجل تكون الروح العيسوى في الذات المطهرة ( قد طالت إقامته فيها ) أي في السماوات ، فإن طهارة المحل تبعد الحال عن الكون والفساد ( فزاد على ألف بتعيين ) مبين؟؟؟ في علم التواريخ إلى حين

("for that reason") i.e. because of the spirit's coming to be, the Jesus-spirit, in the purified essence ("his stay therein was prolonged") i.e. in the heavens, for the purity of the locus removes the state from coming-to-be and passing-away ("exceeding a thousand by a specified amount") specified [as shown] in the science of chronology, up to a certain time

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 7917); moved here

﴿لأجل ذلك قد طالت إقامته %~% فيها فزاد على ألف بتعيين … لأجل ذلك﴾

أي لأجل تكون الروح العيسوي في الذات المطهرة

i.e. because of the spirit's coming to be, the Jesus-spirit, in the purified essence

Jāmī

﴿قد طالت إقامته﴾

أي إقامة الروح الذي هو عيسى عليه السلام ( فيها ) ، أي في صورة البشر

That is, the stay of the spirit which is Jesus, peace be upon him, (within it), that is, within the human form.

Bālī Zāde

﴿قد طالت إقامته فيها﴾

أي في السماوات فإن طهارة المحل تبعد الحال عن الكون والفساد

i.e. in the heavens, for the purity of the locus removes the state from coming-to-be and passing-away

Ibn Turka

﴿فيها ، فزاد﴾

مقدار إقامته

the measure of its residence increased

Bālī Zāde

﴿فزاد على ألف بتعيين﴾

مبين في علم التواريخ

specified in the science of chronology

Words 30–31 · 2 of 5

عَلَىٰ أَلْفٍ

Ibn Turka

﴿على ألف﴾

وهو أنهى درجات مراتب المقدار وأطولها من السنة التي هي أنهى درجات مراتب الزمان وأطوله ( بتعيين ) مقداريّ عددا وزمان . وذلك الاعتدال فيه لقوّة أمر الروح ، حيث لم ينقهر من حكم الطبيعة مع أنّه متنزّل في مرتبتها ، ظاهر بحكمها ، كما انقهر غيره من الكلمات . ووجه اختصاص روحه بتلك القوّة أنّه : إحياء إعادة

— which is the furthest and longest degree among the levels of magnitude, just as the year is the furthest and longest degree among the levels of time — by ( specification ) of two measures, numerical and temporal. And that balance (iʿtidāl) therein is due to the strength of the matter of the spirit (rūḥ), since it was not overpowered by the ruling of Nature, even though it is descended into Nature's level and manifest (ẓāhir) under its ruling — unlike the other Words (kalimāt), which were overpowered. And the reason his spirit was singled out with that strength is: giving-life as a restoration (iʿāda)

Jāmī

﴿على ألف﴾

من السنين ( بتعيين ) ، أي بتعيين الحق تلك المدة لما يقتضي استعداده إياه . وفي رواية إلى حين ، أي زيادة ممتدة إلى حين عينه الحق سبحانه بمقتضى استعداده . وإنما حكم بزيادة طوال إقامته على ألف لأن مولد عيسى عليه السلام كان قبل مولد نبينا صلى اللّه عليه وسلم بخمسمائة وخمسة وخمسين سنة وقد بقي بعده سينزل ويدعو الناس إلى نبينا صلى اللّه عليه وسلم ( روح ) ، أي هو روح ملقى

of years (by designation), that is, by the Real's designation of that period according to what his preparedness (istiʿdād) requires. In one account: "to a term," meaning an extension lasting to a term designated by the Real, Glory be to Him, in accordance with his preparedness. The reason his prolonged stay is judged to exceed a thousand years is that the birth of Jesus, peace be upon him, preceded the birth of our Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, by five hundred and fifty-five years, and he will remain after him, for he shall descend and call people to [the way of] our Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. (A spirit) that is, a spirit cast forth.

al-Qāshānī

﴿روح من الله لا من غيره فلذ %~% أحيا الموات وأنشأ الطير من طين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي هو روح كامل مظهر لاسم الله ، والله هو النافخ له من حيث الصورة الجبريليه لا غيره ، فهو من اسم ذاتي لا من اسم من الأسماء الفرعية ، فيكون بينه وبين الله وسائط كثيرة كسائر أرواح الأنبياء . فإنها وإن كانت من حضرة اسم الله لكن بتوسط تجليات كثيرة من سائر الحضرات الأسمائية وعيسى تعين من باطن أحدية جمع الحضرة الإلهية ، ولهذا سماه روحه وكلمته وكانت دعوته إلى الباطن والعالم القدسي . فإن الكلمة إنما هي من باطن الله وهويته الغيبية من الله واسمه الجبريلى ولهذا هو عبد الله ومظهره ، وظهر عليه صفاته من إحياء الموتى والخلق وأنشأ الطير من الطين وأبرأ الأكمه وغيرها

[Verse: A spirit from God, not from any other — therefore %~% he revived the dead and brought forth birds from clay] That is, he is a perfect spirit, a manifestation (mazhar) of the name God, and God is the One who breathed him through the Gabrielian form, not any other — so he derives from an essential name (ism dhātī), not from one of the subsidiary names, between which and God there are many intermediaries, as with the spirits of the other prophets. For although those spirits too derive from the presence of the name God, it is through the mediation of many self-disclosures from the other names' presences, whereas Jesus became determined from the inward dimension of the oneness-of-all-gathering (aḥadiyyat al-jamʿ) of the Divine Presence. For this reason He named him 'His spirit' and 'His word,' and his call was to the inward and the holy world. For the Word is only from the inward of God and His unseen identity — from God, [through] His Gabrielian name — and therefore he is 'the servant of God' and His manifestation, upon whom His attributes appeared: reviving the dead, creating, bringing forth birds from clay, healing the blind, and other such [acts].]

al-Jandī

﴿روح من الله لا من غيره فلذا %~% أحيا الموات وأنشا الطير من طين﴾

يشير رضي الله عنه إلى أنّ هذا الروح الكامل مظهر الاسم « الله » وأنّ النافخ له هو الله من حيث الصورة الجبرئيلية ، ليس من حضرة اسم آخر من الأسماء التابعة الفرعية . فإنّ كلم أرواح سائر الأنبياء كما علمت ممّا تقدّم وإن كانت من حضرة الاسم « الله » ولكن من حيث تجلَّيه من سائر الحضرات الإلهية إلَّا أنّه من باطن أحدية جمع الحضرة الإلهية . كما مرّ في شرح فصّ شيث عليه السّلام فتذكَّر ، فتعيّن هذا الروح من باطن الحضرة الإلهية ، ولهذا قال الله تعالى إنّه روح الله وكلمته ، فالكلمة لباطن الله وهويّته الغيبية ، والروح لله ، ولهذا هو عبد الله ومظهره وقد ظهر به ، من الدلائل على ذلك الإحياء والإبراء والخلق

He - may God be pleased with him - indicates that this perfect spirit is a manifestation-locus (maẕhar) of the Name "God" (Allāh), and that the one who breathed it into him is God, in respect of the Gabrielian form - not from the presence of another, subordinate, derivative name. For as you have learned from what preceded, the words/spirits (kalim/arwāḥ) of the other prophets, though from the presence of the Name "God," are so only in respect of His self-disclosure (tajallī) from the rest of the Divine presences; whereas this one is from the nonmanifest (bāṭin) of the oneness of the all-comprehensive Divine Presence (aḥadiyyat jamʿ al-ḥaḍra al-ilāhiyya), as was mentioned in the commentary on the Fāṣṣ of Seth, peace be upon him - so recall it. Thus this spirit became determined (tataʿayyan) from the nonmanifest of the Divine Presence, and for this reason God, exalted is He, said that he is the Spirit of God and His Word. The Word belongs to the nonmanifest of God and His unseen identity (huwiyya ghaybiyya), and the Spirit belongs to God; and for this he is the servant of God and His manifestation-locus, having become manifest through him. Among the proofs of this are the giving of life, the healing, and the creating.

Jāmī

﴿من اللّه﴾

أحدية جمع الأسماء ، وكلمة ملقاة منه بواسطة جبريل إلى مريم ليكون مظهرا لهذا الاسم الجامع

[meaning] the unity that gathers all the Names, and a word cast from Him by means of Gabriel to Mary, that he might be a locus of manifestation for this all-comprehensive Name.

Bālī Zāde

﴿روح من الله لا من غيره فلذا %~% أحيا الموات وأنشا الطير من طين﴾

( روح ) خبر مبتدأ محذوف

("a spirit") is the predicate of an elided subject

﴿روح من الله لا من غيره فلذ %~% أحيا الموات وأنشأ الطير من طين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( روح ) خبر مبتدإ محذوف ( من الله لا من غيره ) أي خلقه الله بذاته لا بواسطة روح من الأرواح ( فلذا ) أي فلكون روحه من الله لا من غيره ( أحيا الموات وأنشأ الطير من طين ) بسبب تقربه إلى الله وتحققه بصفاته أحيا الموات وأنشأ الطير

("a spirit") is the predicate of an elided subject ("from God, not from other than Him") i.e. God created him by His Essence, not through the mediation of any spirit among the spirits ("and so") i.e. because his spirit was from God and not from other than Him ("he gave life to the dead and produced the bird from clay") by virtue of his nearness to God and his realization of God's attributes, he gave life to the dead and produced the bird

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 7932); moved here

﴿من اللّه لا من غيره﴾

أي هو خلقه اللّه بذاته لا بواسطة روح من الأرواح ( فلذا ) أي فلكون روحه من اللّه بغير واسطة

i.e. God created him by His Essence, not through the mediation of any spirit among the spirits ("and so") i.e. because his spirit was from God without mediation

Words 36–38 · 1 of 5

لَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿لا من غيره﴾

يعني لا من غير ذلك الاسم الجامع من الأسماء التالية له ، ولا من الوسائط الكونية فهو ملقى منه بلا واسطة ( فلذا ) ، أي لكونه ملقى من هذا الاسم الجامع ، ومظهرا له ظهر منه آثار الأسماء المتكثرة كما أنه ( أحيى الموتى ) فإن إحياء الموات إنما يترتب على أسماء كثيرة من أسمائه سبحانه كالحي العليم المريد القادر المحيي ( و ) كما ( أنشأ الطير ) يعني الخفاش

That is, from none other than that all-comprehensive Name among the Names subordinate to it, nor from cosmic intermediaries - for he is cast forth from It without intermediary. (For that reason), that is, because he is cast forth from this all-comprehensive Name and is a locus of its manifestation, the traces of the multiple Names appeared from him, just as (he revived the dead), for the reviving of the dead follows only from many of His Names, Glory be to Him, such as the Living, the Knowing, the Willing, the Powerful, the Life-giver; (and) just as (he brought forth the bird), meaning the bat.

Bālī Zāde

﴿أحي الموات وأنشأ الطير من طين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بسبب تقربه إلى اللّه وتحققه بصفاته الخاصة به وإنما أحي الموتى وأنشأ الطير

by virtue of his nearness to God and his realization of the attributes specific to Him; and he only gave life to the dead and produced the bird

Words 42–45 · 1 of 5

وَأَنْشَا الطَّيْرَ مِنْ طِينْ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿وأنشأ الطير من طين﴾

إنشاء بدء . فتحقّق بالمبدئيّة والمعيديّة . من المتروحين المتجرّدين

— a fashioning (inshāʾ) as an origination (ibdāʾ). So he was realized (taḥaqqaqa) with both originativeness (mabdaʾiyya) and restorativeness (muʿīdiyya), [belonging] among the spiritualized, disembodied ones

Words 44–45 · 1 of 5

مِنْ طِينْ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿من طين﴾

فإن إنشاء الطير كذلك يترتب على ما سبق من الأسماء وعلى الخالق والصور أيضا ، وإنما أحيى الموتى وأنشأ الطير

For the bringing forth of the bird likewise follows from the aforementioned Names and also from [the Names] the Creator and the Form-giver. He only revived the dead and brought forth the bird [to establish a lineage]...

al-Qāshānī

﴿حتى يصح له من ربه نسب %~% به يؤثر في العالي وفي الدون﴾

أي لما صدر من الله بلا وسائط لا من غيره صح له نسب بظهور صفاته تعالى منه وصدور أفعاله الخاصة به عنه من إحياء الموتى وخلق الطير ، وبتأثيره في الجنس العالي من الصور الإنسانية بإحيائها ، وفي الجنس الدون كخلق الخلق الخفاش من الطين وهما من خصائص الله. كما قال تعالى : " قُلْ يُحْيِيهَا الَّذِي أَنْشَأَها أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وهُوَ بِكُلِّ خَلْقٍ عَلِيمٌ " -

[Verse: Until there became valid for him, from his Lord, a lineage %~% by which he exerts influence upon the higher and the lower] That is, since he issued from God without intermediaries, from none other, a lineage (nasab) became valid for him through the manifestation from him of God's attributes, and the issuing from him of those acts proper to Him alone — reviving the dead and creating birds — and through his exerting influence upon the higher genus of human forms by reviving them, and upon the lower genus, such as creating the bat from clay — both being among the exclusive properties of God. As He, exalted, said: 'Say: He will give them life who produced them the first time, and He is Knowing of all creation.']

al-Jandī

﴿حتى يصح له من ربه نسب %~% به يؤثر في العالي وفي الدون﴾

يشير رضي الله عنه : إلى الإحياء والخلق ، فإنّ الإحياء من خصوص الإلهية وكذلك الخلق ، " قُلْ يُحْيِيهَا الَّذِي أَنْشَأَها أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ خَلْقٍ عَلِيمٌ " فلمّا ظهرا منه ، صحّ له نسب من الاسم الله ، فأثّر بالإحياء والإبراء وقد عجز عن ذلك غيره في الصور العالية الإنسانية ، وأثّر في الدون بالخلق ، وهو صورة الخفّاش

He - may God be pleased with him - indicates the giving of life and the creating; for giving life is a prerogative specific to Divinity, and likewise creating: "Say: He will give it life who produced it the first time, and He is Knowing of all creation." When these two appeared from him, a lineage from the Name God became valid for him, so he exerted influence by giving life and healing - something others were incapable of among the exalted human forms - and he exerted influence upon the lowly by creating, namely the form of the bat.

Jāmī

﴿حتى يصح﴾

أي يثبت ويظهر

That is, so that it might be confirmed and manifested

Bālī Zāde

﴿حتى يصح له من ربه نسب %~% به يؤثر في العالي وفي الدون﴾

( حتى يصح ) أي كي يصح ( له من ربه نسب ) بفتح النون مصدر ، أو بالكسر جمع نسبة وكلاهما صحيح ( به ) أي بسبب هذا النسب ( يؤثر في العالي ) وهو إحياء الموتى من الإنسان ( وفي الدون ) خلق الطير المعروف من الطين اه ( الله طهره جسما ) من أرجاس الطبيعة ( ونزهه روحا ) عما يوجب النقائص وزينه بالصفات الإلهية ( وصيره ) جعله ( مثلا ) أي مماثلا له تعالى ( بتكوين ) أي بسبب تكوين الطير

("so that it might be established") i.e. so that it might be established ("for him from his Lord a relation") [nasab] with a fatḥa is an infinitive noun, or with a kasra it is the plural of nisba, and both readings are correct ("by which") i.e. by reason of this relation ("he exerts influence over the high") which is the giving of life to the dead among humans ("and over the low") the creation of the known bird from clay. [End]. ("God purified him in body") from the filth of Nature ("and declared him incomparable in spirit") from whatever entails deficiencies, and adorned him with divine attributes ("and made him") rendered him ("a likeness") i.e. resembling Him, exalted is He ("by the forming") i.e. by reason of the forming of the bird

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 7944); moved here

﴿حتى يصح له من ربه نسب %~% به يؤثر في العالي وفي الدون … حتى يصح﴾

أي كي يصح أو معناه لأجل إحياء الأموات وإنشاء الطير صح

i.e. so that it might be established, or its meaning is: for the sake of the giving of life to the dead and the producing of the bird, it was established

Jāmī

﴿له من ربه﴾

الذي هو الاسم الجامع ( نسب ) بالفتحتين أي نسبه بالمظهرية ( به ) ، أي بذلك السبب

which is the all-comprehensive Name (a lineage/nisba) - with two fatḥas - that is, his nisba through being a locus of manifestation, (by that), that is, by that means

Bālī Zāde

﴿له من ربه نسب﴾

بفتح النون مصدر والمراد به وصف أو بالكسر جمع نسبة وكلاهما صحيح ( به ) أي بسبب هذا النسب

[nasab] with a fatḥa is an infinitive noun and what is meant by it is a description, or with a kasra it is the plural of nisba, and both readings are correct ("by which") i.e. by reason of this relation

Jāmī

﴿يؤثر في العالي﴾

المرتبة الذي هو الإنسان بإحياء الأموات منه بالرتبة كالطير بإنشاء نوع منه أو في العلويات

rank, which is the human being, through reviving the dead from it in rank, as with the bird through bringing forth a species of it - or [influence] in the celestial realms.

Bālī Zāde

﴿يؤثر في العالي﴾

وهو إحياء الموتى من الإنسان

which is the giving of life to the dead among humans

Ibn Turka

﴿وفي الدون﴾

من المتركَّبين المتدنّسين لما عرفت أنّه بصورته الاعتداليّة الجمعيّة محيط بالطرفين وجودا ، فإنّه بصورته الجسميّة التي هي نهاية المراتب الوجوديّة باقية في الجسم الكلّ ، مؤثّر في صورهم الوجوديّة ، كما أنّ محمّدا بصورته الكلاميّة التي هي غاية الكلّ ، باق مؤثّر في كمالهم الشهوديّ . وبيّن أن الإحاطة المذكورة إنما يتصوّر بمظهريّة الجمعيّة الإلهيّة ، وذلك إنما يتمّ بطهارة كمال قابليّته ، المطهّر بطرفيه الروحانيّ والجسمانيّ عن التدنّس والتغيّر ، حتّى يصحّ منهما المزاج الاعتداليّ المثليّ ، وإليه أشار بقوله

from among the composite, defiled ones — since you have known that he, by his balanced, comprehensive (jamʿiyya) form, encompasses both extremes in existence. For by his bodily form, which is the furthest of the existential levels, he abides within the body of the whole (al-jism al-kull), exerting influence upon their existential forms — just as Muḥammad, by his verbal form (ṣūra kalāmiyya), which is the ultimate limit of the whole, abides, exerting influence upon their witnessing perfection (kamāl shuhūdī). And it is clarified that the aforementioned encompassing (iḥāṭa) can only be conceived through [his being] a locus of manifestation (maẕhariyya) for the divine comprehensiveness (al-jamʿiyya al-ilāhiyya), and this is accomplished only through the purity of the perfection of his receptivity (qābiliyya) — purified, in both its spiritual and corporeal extremities, from defilement and change — so that from both extremities the balanced, similitudinal mixture (al-mizāj al-iʿtidālī al-mithlī) may rightly proceed. And to this he alluded in his saying

Jāmī

﴿وفي الدّون … اللّه طهره جسما﴾

من أدناس الطبيعة

from the impurities of nature

Bālī Zāde

﴿وفي الدون﴾

وهو خلق الطير المعروف من الطين

which is the creation of the known bird from clay

al-Qāshānī

﴿الله طهره جسما ونزهه %~% روحا وصيره مثلا بتكوين﴾

وفي نسخة : لتكوين ، أي الله خاصة طهر جسمه عن الأقذار الطبيعية ، فإنه روح متجسد في بدن مثالي روحاني ولذلك بقي مدة مديدة زائدة على ألف في زماننا هذا ، ومن الهجرة سبعمائة وثلاثون بثلاثمائة وستة وثلاثين ، فإن من ميلاد النبي إلى زماننا هذا سبعمائة وإحدى وثمانين سنة ، وذلك إما من صفاء جوهر طينته ولطافتها وصفاء طينة أمه وطهارتها ، ونزه روحه وقدسه من التأثر بالهيئات الطبيعية والصفات البدنية لتأيده بروح القدس الذي هو على صورته ، ولهذا ما قتل وما صلب كما أخبر الله عنه لتجرده عن الملابس الهيولانية ، وصيره مثلا له بتكوين الطير من الطين وتكوين الأعراض من الحياة والصحة في الموتى والمرضى في نشأته الأولى ، وبكونه خليفة الله وخاتم الولاية في نشأته الثانية أي مثله في الصفات ، أو صيره مثل الخلق في الصورة بتكوينه تعالى إياه من الطبيعة الجسمانية . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

[Verse: God purified him in body %~% and declared him incomparable in spirit, and made him an exemplar through engendering (takwīn)] — in another copy: 'for engendering' — that is, God, specifically, purified his body of natural defilements, for he is a spirit incarnated in an imaginal, spiritual body; and for that reason he has remained for a very long duration, exceeding a thousand [years] up to our present time — which is, from the Hijra, seven hundred thirty [plus] three hundred thirty-six [years, i.e., from Jesus's time], for from the Prophet's birth to our present time is seven hundred eighty-one years. This is either due to the purity and subtlety of the substance of his clay and the purity of his mother's clay, or because He declared his spirit incomparable (nazzaha) and sanctified it from being affected by natural dispositions and bodily attributes, through its being strengthened by the Holy Spirit, who is upon his [Jesus's] form — and for this reason he was neither killed nor crucified, as God informed concerning him, due to his being stripped of material garments. And He made him an exemplar (mithāl) through the engendering of birds from clay, and the engendering of the accidents of life and health in the dead and the sick, in his first coming-to-be (nashʾa); and through his being the vicegerent of God and the Seal of Sainthood in his second coming-to-be — that is, resembling him in attributes. Or: He made him resemble created beings in form through His, exalted, engendering him from corporeal Nature. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:]

al-Jandī

﴿الله طهره جسما ونزهه %~% روحا وصيره مثلا بتكوين﴾

يشير رضي الله عنه : إلى أنّ جسمانيّته تمثّليّ روحاني ، ليس فيها من التلوينات الطبيعية البشرية ما يقدح في روحانيته ، فإنّ صورته روح متجسّد في رأي العين وليس فيها من الجسم إلَّا حقيقة الجسمية التي بها يثبت متحيّزا لعيان العيون ، ويبقى كذلك مدّة مديدة . وذلك من طينة أمّه الطيّبة الطاهرة ، وتنزيه روحه عن التقيّد بمرتبة جزئيّة من مراتب الأسماء وعن آثار الطبيعة فيه ، كما في غيره من الأرواح البشرية ، فإنّها بحسب الطبيعية والصور الجسمانية ، بخلاف صورته - صلوات الله عليه - فإنّها روحانية بحسب الروح ، فلا يقيّده حيّز بالحصر والحبس ، بل هو مطلق. ولهذا ما قتل وما صلب في الصحيح كما أخبر الله عنه ولكن خيّل لهم ذلك ، وشبّه شبهه حين ألقي شبهه على من سعى في دمه ، وكذلك جميع أحواله الطبيعية من الأكل والشرب تمثيل إلَّا ما قال الله تعالى عنه : " كانا يَأْكُلانِ الطَّعامَ " في رأي العين ، فكان يتغذّى بروحانية الطعام الذي يريهم أنّه يأكله أو يشربه لا غير . وأمّا تصيّره مثلا فهو بتكوين الجوهر الطيري من الطين ، وتكوين الأعراض من الحياة والصحّة والألوان بلا مادّة ظاهرة ، فصحّت له المثلية من هذه الوجوه ظاهرا في نشأته الأولى النبويّة ، وبكونه خليفة الله في نشأته الثانية بختمية الولاية العامّة ، كما علمت في شرح الفصّ الشيثي ، فتذكَّر . قال رضي الله عنه

He - may God be pleased with him - indicates that his corporeality is a spiritual representation (tamthīl rūḥānī), in which there is none of the natural human colorations (talwīnāt) that would detract from his spirituality. For his form is a spirit made corporeal in visual appearance, and there is nothing of the body in it except the reality of corporeality by which it is established as occupying space for the eyes' perception, remaining so for a long duration. This is from the good, pure clay of his mother, and the declaration of the transcendence (tanzīh) of his spirit from being bound to any partial rank among the ranks of the Names, and from the traces of nature within him - unlike other human spirits, which are governed by nature and corporeal forms. His form, prayers of God be upon him, by contrast, is spiritual in respect of the spirit, so no spatial confinement or restriction binds him; rather, he is unconditioned (muṭlaq). For this reason he was not killed and not crucified, in truth, as God informed concerning him, but it was made to appear so to them, and his likeness was cast upon whoever sought his blood. Likewise, all his natural states - of eating and drinking - are representational, except for what God, exalted is He, said of him and his mother: "both of them used to eat food" - in visual appearance; for he was nourished by the spiritual reality of the food which he made them see him eating or drinking, and nothing more. As for his being made an exemplum (mithl), this is through the forming of the bird-substance from clay, and the forming of accidents - life, health, colors - without apparent matter; thus the quality of exemplariness (mithliyya) was validated for him from these respects, manifestly, in his first, prophetic configuration (nashʾa), and by his being the vicegerent of God (khalīfat Allāh) in his second configuration, through the sealing of general sainthood (khātimiyyat al-walāya al-ʿāmma), as you learned in the commentary on the Fāṣṣ of Seth - so recall it. He - may God be pleased with him - said:

Ibn Turka

﴿الله طهّره جسما ونزّهه %~% روحا وصيّره مثلا بتكوين﴾

وقد نبّهت على وجه مماثلته بآدم ، وهذا وجه مماثلته للحقّ ، وهو الظهور بالإبداء والإعادة فعلا ، والتطهير والتنزيه ذاتا وصفة . الروح مبدأ الحياة وبيّن أن موضوع البحث في الحكمة النبويّة - على ما عرفت - إنما هو تحقيق أمر الكلام ، والكشف عن أصل مادته التي هي الحياة ، ومبدأ صورته التي هي الصوت ، وبيان أنّ ذلك قد يتمّ أمره على غير المنهج المعتاد من التوالد والتناسل الطبيعيّ ، بل بضرب من الامتزاج الروحيّ بالموادّ العنصريّة ، فلذلك قدّم قصّة السامريّ قائلا : أي لا تقع على أرض من أراضي القوابل وتطأها

— And I have already drawn attention to the aspect of his resemblance (mumāthala) to Adam; and this is the aspect of his resemblance to the Real (al-Ḥaqq), namely: manifestation through origination (ibdāʾ) and restoration (iʿāda) in act, and purification (taṭhīr) and declaring-incomparable (tanzīh) in essence and attribute. The spirit is the principle of life. And it is clarified that the subject of inquiry in the prophetic wisdom (al-ḥikma al-nabawiyya) — as you have come to know — is only the verification of the matter of speech (al-kalām), and the disclosure of the root of its matter, which is life, and the principle of its form, which is sound, and the clarification that this may come about by a way other than the customary method of natural procreation and reproduction, but rather by a kind of spiritual admixture (imtizāj rūḥī) with elemental materials. For that reason he introduced the story of al-Sāmirī, saying: that is, [the spirit] does not alight upon any land among the lands of receptive subjects (qawābil) nor tread upon it

Bālī Zāde

﴿الله طهره جسما ونزهه %~% روحا وصيره مثلا بتكوين … اللّه طهره جسما﴾

من أرجاس الطبيعة

from the filth of Nature

Jāmī

﴿ونزهه روحا﴾

من الصفات الوخيمة والملكات الرذيلة

from base attributes and vile dispositions

Bālī Zāde

﴿ونزهه روحا﴾

عما يوجب النقائض وزينه بالصفات الإلهية والأخلاق الكريمة ( وصيره ) أي جعله ( مثلا ) أي مماثلا له تعالى ( بتكوين ) أي بسبب تكوين الطير . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

from whatever entails deficiencies, and adorned him with the attributes and noble character traits of God ("and made him") i.e. rendered him ("a likeness") i.e. resembling Him, exalted is He ("by the forming") i.e. by reason of the forming of the bird. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Words 63–64 · 1 of 5

وَصَيَّرَهُ مَثَلًا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿وصيره مثلا﴾

أي مماثلا مشابها لنفسه ( بتكوين ) ، أي بجامع التكوين ، فكما أنه سبحانه يكون الأنبياء كذلك هو يكون . وقيل : معناه صيره مثالا لآدم بتكوينه من غير أب

that is, a resemblance similar to Himself, (through engendering), that is, through the shared reality of engendering - for just as He, Glory be to Him, engenders the prophets, so likewise He engenders [Jesus]. It is also said: its meaning is that He made him a likeness of Adam through his coming into being without a father.

Jāmī

﴿اعلم أن من خصائص الأرواح﴾

المجردة التي من صفاتها الذاتية الحياة ومن شأنها التمثل بالصورة المثالية ( أنها لا تتعلق بشيء ) في مقام تجردها إلا حيي ذلك الشيء فلما عرف أنه جبريل، عرف أن الحياة قد سرت فيما وطئ عليه، فقبض قبضة من أثر الرسول بالصاد أو بالضاد أي بملء أو بأطراف أصابعه، فنبذها في العجل فخار العجل، إذ صوت البقر إنما هو خوار، ولو أقامه صورة أخرى لنسب إليه اسم الصوت الذي لتلك الصورة كالرغاء للإبل والثؤاج للكباش واليعار للشياه والصوت للإنسان أو النطق أو الكلام. فذلك القدر من الحياة السارية في الأشياء يسمى لاهوتا والناسوت هو المحل القائم به ذلك الروح. فسمي الناسوت روحا بما قام به. ) المتعلق به بحسب استعداده للحياة ( ولا تطأ شيئا ) ولا يمسه في حال تمثله

- the immaterial [spirits] whose essential attributes include life, and whose nature it is to take on representation in imaginal form - (is that they attach to nothing) in the state of their immateriality (except that thing comes alive), for when it was recognized that it was Gabriel, it was known that life had permeated whatever he trod upon. So [the Samaritan] took a handful of the trace of the Messenger - with ṣād or ḍād, that is, with a fistful or with his fingertips - and cast it into the calf, and the calf bellowed, since the sound of cattle is bellowing; had he set it up in another form, the name of the sound proper to that form would have been attributed to it, such as braying for camels, bleating for rams, bleating for ewes, and [for humans] voice, or speech, or articulate utterance. That measure of life permeating things is called lāhūt (Divinity), while nāsūt (humanity) is the locus sustained by that spirit - thus nāsūt was named "spirit" by what is sustained in it -) that which is attached to it according to its preparedness for life (and they do not tread upon anything) nor touch it in the state of their self-representation

Bālī Zāde

﴿واعلم أن من خصائص الأرواح أنها لا تطأ شيئا إلا حيى ذلك الشيء وسرت الحياة فيه﴾

لأن الحياة أول صفة تعرض للروح فيؤثر بها الروح فيما يطأ عليه ( ولهذا ) أي ولأجل سريان الحياة فيما يطأ عليه الروح

because life is the first attribute that attaches to the spirit, so the spirit exerts influence by it upon whatever it treads upon ("and for this reason") i.e. and because of the running of life through whatever the spirit treads upon

Ibn Turka

﴿إلا حييّ ذلك الشيء … وسرت الحياة فيه﴾

بحسب تلك القوّة التي لها نباتيّة أو حيوانيّة - على اختلاف طبقاتها -

according to that faculty which it possesses — vegetative or animal — according to the differing ranks [of beings]

Jāmī

﴿إلا حيي ذلك الشيء﴾

الموطوء عليه ( وسرت ) منه

the thing trodden upon (and there permeated) from it

Words 80–81 · 1 of 5

الحَيَاةُ فِيهِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿الحياة فيه﴾

بل فيما يلابسه ذلك الشيء الموطوء عليه ( ولهذا ) السريان والعلم به

rather, within whatever is conjoined with that thing trodden upon (and for this reason) [i.e.] this permeation and knowledge of it

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.