Mashrabaمشربة

The commentators side by side

One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶27 in the text

27 · 89 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

وَلِهَٰذَا كَانَ كُلُّ دُعَاءٍ مُجَابًا وَلَا بُدَّ وَإِن تَأَخَّرَ كَمَا يَتَأَخَّرُ بَعْضُ المُكَلَّفِينَ مِمَّنْ أُقِيمَ مُخَاطَبًا بِإِقَامَةِ الصَّلَاةِ فَلَا يُصَلِّي فِي وَقْتٍ فَيُؤَخِّرُ الامْتِثَالَ وَيُصَلِّي فِي وَقْتٍ آخَرَ إِن كَانَ مُتَمَكِّنًا مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَا بُدَّ مِنَ الإِجَابَةِ وَلَوْ بِالقَصْدِ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَكُنتُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِي مَعَهُمْ كَمَا قَالَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ شَهِيدًا مَّا دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ لِأَنَّ الأَنْبِيَاءَ شُهَدَاءُ عَلَىٰ أُمَمِهِمْ مَا دَامُوا فِيهِمْ فَلَمَّا تَوَفَّيْتَنِى أَي رَفَعْتَنِي إِلَيْكَ وَحَجَبْتَهُمْ عَنِّي وَحَجَبْتَنِي عَنْهُمْ كُنتَ أَنتَ ٱلرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي غَيْرِ مَادَّتِي بَلْ فِي مَوَادِّهِمْ إِذْ كُنتَ بَصَرَهُمْ الَّذِي يَقْتَضِي المُرَاقَبَةَ

And for this reason every supplication is answered, necessarily, even if [the answer] is delayed, just as some of those under obligation, who have been set up as addressed with the command to perform the prayer, are late: he does not pray at one time, and so he delays compliance and prays at another time, if he is able to do so. So there must be a response, even if only by intention. Then he said, "And I was over them" [Q 5:117] (and he did not say 'over myself along with them,' as he had said 'my Lord and your Lord') "a witness so long as I remained among them" [Q 5:117], because the prophets are witnesses over their communities so long as they remain among them. "But when You took me" [Q 5:117], that is, raised me up to Yourself and veiled them from me and veiled me from them, "You were the Watcher over them" [Q 5:117], not in my material substrate, but rather in their material substrates, since You were their sight, which entails watchfulness.

On the whole passage · 1 of 4

Only al-Qāshānī comments here.

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولهذا كان كل دعاء مجابا ، ولا بد إن تأخر كما يتأخر عن بعض المكلفين فمن أقيم مخاطبا بإقامة الصلاة فلا يصلى في وقت فيؤخر الامتثال ويصلى في وقت آخر ،إن كان متمكنا من ذلك فلا بد من الإجابة ولو بالقصد. ثم قال : " وكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ " ولم يقل على نفسي معهم ، كما قال – " رَبِّي ورَبَّكُمْ " ، "شَهِيداً ما دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ " لأن الأنبياء شهداء على أممهم ما داموا فيهم " فَلَمَّا تَوَفَّيْتَنِي " . أي رفعتني إليك وحجبتهم عنى وحجبتني عنهم " كُنْتَ أَنْتَ الرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ " في غير مادتي بل في موادهم إذ كنت بصرهم الذي يقتضي المراقبة فشهود الإنسان نفسه شهود الحق إياه ، وجعله باسم الرقيب لأنه جعل الشهود له﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي لنفسه فعظم الله ونزهه عن أن يشاركه في الاسم أدبا بعين شهودهم أنفسهم بالحق قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( فأراد أن يفصل بينه وبين ربه حتى يعلم أنه هو لكونه عبدا ، وأن الحق هو الحق لكونه ربا له ، فجاء لنفسه بأنه شهيد وفي الحق بأنه رقيب ، وقدمهم في حق نفسه فقال

time, delays compliance and prays at another time - if he is capable of that, there must be a response, even if only by intention. Then He said: "'and I was over them'" - and He did not say "over myself with them," as He said "my Lord and your Lord" - "'a witness as long as I remained among them'" - because the prophets are witnesses over their communities as long as they remain among them - "'then when You took me'" - i.e., raised me to Yourself and veiled them from me and veiled me from them - "'You were the Watcher (al-Raqīb) over them'" - not in my substance (mādda) but in their substances, since You were their sight (baṣar), which requires watchfulness (murāqaba); so man's witnessing of himself is the Real's witnessing of him, and He made [Himself] designated by the name "the Watcher" because He made the witnessing for Him] - that is, for Himself; so God magnified [Himself] and declared Himself incomparable (tanzīh), out of courtesy (adab), from sharing the name, by the very witnessing of themselves through the Real. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (So he wished to differentiate between himself and his Lord, so that it be known that he is he, by virtue of being a servant, and that the Real is the Real by virtue of being his Lord; so he came, regarding himself, with "witness," and regarding the Real, with "Watcher," and gave them precedence in respect of himself, saying:

Ibn Turka

﴿ولهذا كان كلّ دعاء مجابا ولا بدّ ، وإن تأخّر كما يتأخّر بعض المكلَّفين ممّن أقيم مخاطبا بإقامة الصلاة فلا يصلَّي في وقت ، فيؤخّر الامتثال ويصلَّي في وقت آخر إن كان متمكَّنا من ذلك ، فلا بدّ من الإجابة ولو بالقصد﴾

بأن يجيب الدعاء من جانب الحقّ ، أو يؤديّ الصلاة من جانب الخلق . وملخّص كلامه هذا أن عيسى عليه السّلام عند قوله المذكور منصبغ بما يعطيه أمره المنزل عليه ، غير قادر على السكوت عنه . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

in that the supplication is answered from the side of the Real, or the prayer is performed from the side of creation. The summary of this discourse is that Jesus, peace be upon him, at his aforementioned saying, is colored by what his command, sent down upon him, gives him, being unable to remain silent about it. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿كان كل دعاء﴾

حقيقي ( مجابا ) بل كل أمر حقيقي مطاع

real (answered); rather every real command is obeyed

Bālī Zāde

﴿كان كل دعاء﴾

أي طلب سواء كان من الحق أو من العبد ( مجابا ) ليحصل المجازاة بينهما . كما قال من أطاعني فقد أطعته ومن عصاني فقد عصيته

— i.e. every request, whether from the Real or from the servant — (is answered), so that reciprocal recompense (mujāzāt) occurs between the two. As he said: 'Whoever obeys me, has obeyed Him; and whoever disobeys me, has disobeyed Him'

Jāmī

﴿ولا بد﴾

من حصول الإجابة

an occurrence of the response

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولا بد وإن تأخر﴾

حصول الدعاء عن وقت الطلب

the occurrence of [the answer to] the supplication is delayed beyond the time of the request

Words 8–9 · 1 of 4

وَإِن تَأَخَّرَ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿وإن تأخر﴾

لفقدان شرط أو وجود مانع

due to the absence of a condition or the presence of an impediment

Words 10–11 · 2 of 4

كَمَا يَتَأَخَّرُ

Jāmī

﴿كما يتأخر﴾

ويتقاعد ( بعض المكلفين عن الإجابة ) والطاعة

lag and fall short (in responding) and in obedience

Bālī Zāde

﴿كما يتأخر﴾

حصوله ( عن بعض المكلفين فمن أقيم مخاطبا بإقامة الصلاة فلا يصلي في وقت ) أي في وقت كونه مخاطب

with respect to some of those under obligation — (for whoever is made the one addressed by [the command] to establish the prayer may not pray at [that] time) — i.e. at the time of his being addressed

Words 14–15 · 1 of 4

مِمَّنْ أُقِيمَ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ممن أقيم﴾

في مقام التكليف

in the station of obligation (taklīf)

Jāmī

﴿مخاطبا بإقامة الصلاة … فلا يصلي في وقت﴾

أمر بإقامتها فيه

to establish the prayer … yet does not pray at the time] he was commanded to establish it in

Jāmī

﴿فيؤخر الامتثال ويصلي في وقت آخر إن كان متمكنا من ذلك﴾

الامتثال بأن يكون الأمر الإيجادي واقع

that compliance, such that the engendering command occurred

Bālī Zāde

﴿فيؤخر الامتثال ويصلي في وقت آخر إن كان متمكنا﴾

أي قادرا بالإقامة

that is, capable of performing [the prayer]

Words 32–33 · 1 of 4

مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿من ذلك﴾

أي في ذلك الوقت

that is, at that time

Jāmī

﴿فلا بد من الإجابة﴾

في الوقت المأمور فيه ( ولو كان ) تأخير الامتثال ( بالقصد ) والعمد فكيف إذا كان بالغفلة والنسيان . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

at the time commanded, (even if) the delay of compliance (is) (intentional) and deliberate - so how much more so if it is due to heedlessness and forgetfulness. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلا بد من الإجابة﴾

من العبد ( ولو ) تأخر الأمر التكليفي ( بالقصد ) أي بقصد العبد

from the servant (even if) the obligatory command is delayed (by intention) that is, by the servant's intention

Ibn Turka

﴿ثمّ قال : " وَكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ " - ولم يقل : « على نفسي معهم » كما قال : " رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ " ، " شَهِيداً ما دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ" لأن الأنبياء شهداء على أممهم ما داموا فيهم﴾

وفي تكرار ضميري المتكلَّم والغائب ما هو مقتضى الكلمة العيسويّة

and in the repetition of the pronouns of the first person and the third person (the speaker and the absent one) is what the Jesus-Word (al-kalima al-ʿīsawiyya) requires

Jāmī

﴿ثم قال «وكنت عليهم» ولم يقل على نفسي معهم كما قال ربي وربكم. «شهيدا ما دمت فيهم» لأن الأنبياء شهداء على أممهم ما داموا فيهم. «فلما توفيتني»: أي رفعتني إليك وحجبتهم عني وحجبتني عنهم «كنت أنت الرقيب عليهم» في غير مادتي، بل في موادهم إذ كنت بصرهم الذي يقتضي المراقبة. وجعله بالاسم الرقيب لأنه جعل الشهود له فأراد أن يفصل بينه و بين ربه حتى يعلم أنه هو لكونه عبدا وأن الحق هو الحق لكونه ربا له، فجاء لنفسه بأنه شهيد و في الحق بأنه رقيب، وقدمهم في حق نفسه فقال «عليهم شهيدا ما دمت فيهم» إيثارا لهم في التقدم وأدبا، وأخرهم في جانب الحق عن الحق في قوله «الرقيب عليهم» لما يستحقه … ثم قال : "وَكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ " ولم يقل على نفسي معهم كما قال : ربي وربكم "شَهِيداً ما دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ" لأن الأنبياء شهداء على أممهم ما داموا فيهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لا على أنفسهم مع الأمم

"witness," and regarding the Real, with [the term] "watcher." He gave them precedence over himself, saying, "over them, a witness, as long as I remained among them," preferring them in precedence and out of courtesy; and he placed them after the Real with respect to the Real, in his words, "the Watcher over them," because of what is due … Then he said: "And I was over them," and did not say "over myself along with them" as he said: "my Lord and your Lord," "a witness as long as I remained among them," for the prophets are witnesses over their communities as long as they remain among them] not over themselves along with the communities

Bālī Zāde

﴿ثم قال﴾

عيسى عليه السلام

Jesus, peace be upon him

Words 42–43 · 1 of 4

وَكُنتُ عَلَيْهِمْ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وكنت عليهم﴾

أي على الأمم

that is, over the communities/nations

Words 44–48 · 1 of 4

وَلَمْ يَقُلْ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِي مَعَهُمْ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولم يقل على نفسي معهم﴾

أي لم يفصل من نفسه وأنفسهم

that is, he did not separate himself from them

Words 49–52 · 1 of 4

كَمَا قَالَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿كما قال ربي وربكم﴾

أي كما فصل بين ربه وربهم بقوله " رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ "

that is, as he distinguished between his Lord and their Lord by his saying "My Lord and your Lord"

Words 53–56 · 1 of 4

شَهِيدًا مَّا دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿شهيدا ما دمت فيهم﴾

وإنما قال هذا القول

and he said this statement only

Bālī Zāde

﴿لأن الأنبياء شهداء على أممهم ما داموا فيهم فلما توفيتني أي رفعتني إليك﴾

وإنما فسر توفيتني برفعتي ليثبت حياة عيسى عليه السلام

and he interpreted "took me" as "raised me" in order to establish the life of Jesus, peace be upon him

Ibn Turka

﴿" فَلَمَّا تَوَفَّيْتَنِي " أي رفعتني إليك وحجبتهم عنّي ، وحجبتني عنهم ، " كُنْتَ أَنْتَ الرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ " في غير مادّتي ، بل في موادّهم ، إذ كنت بصرهم الذي يقتضي المراقبة ، فشهود الإنسان نفسه شهود الحقّ إيّاه . وجعله بالاسم الرقيب لأنه جعل الشهود له﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

- لدلالته على الحضور

- due to its indication of presence (al-ḥuḍūr)

Jāmī

﴿فلما توفيتني﴾

ولما كان التوفي ظاهرا في الإماتة وعيسى عليه السلام لم يمت بل رفعه اللّه إلى السماء فسره رضي اللّه عنه بقوله

- and since "taking" (tawaffī) apparently indicates causing death, while Jesus, peace be upon him, did not die but rather God raised him to heaven, he (may God be pleased with him) explained it by his saying

Jāmī

﴿أي رفعتني إليك وحجبتهم عني وحجبتني عنهم﴾

فلما لم أبق متمكنا من الشهادة عليهم

- for when I no longer remained able to bear witness over them

Bālī Zāde

﴿وحجبتهم عني وحجبتني عنهم كنت أنت الرقيب عليهم في غير مادتي بل في موادهم﴾

بمعنى المعية بحكم واللّه معكم لا بمعنى الحلول في موادهم الروحانية والجسمانية فإنه محال في حق اللّه كما ثبت عند أهل اللّه . ( إذا كنت ) تعليل لقوله بل في موادهم

meaning in the sense of accompaniment by decree — "and God is with you" — not in the sense of indwelling in their spiritual and corporeal substances, for that is impossible with respect to God, as is established among the people of God. (If you were) is the explanation for his saying "rather through their substances"

Words 74–77 · 1 of 4

كُنتَ أَنتَ ٱلرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿كُنْتَ أَنْتَ الرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾

[ المائدة : 117 ] باعتبار مقام الفرق

[al-Māʾida: 117], with respect to the station of differentiation (al-farq)

Jāmī

﴿في غير مادتي بل في موادهم﴾

وأما باعتبار مقام الجمع ففي غير مادة

- and as for with respect to the station of unification (al-jamʿ), then [it is] in other than the substance

Jāmī

﴿إذ كنت بصرهم الذي يقتضي المراقبة فشهود الإنسان نفسه شهود الحق إياه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في مقام الفرق . ( و ) إنم ( جعله ) أي جعل عيسى الحق مذكورا

in the station of differentiation. (And) he (that is, Jesus) made the Real be mentioned

Words 86–89 · 1 of 4

بَصَرَهُمْ الَّذِي يَقْتَضِي المُرَاقَبَةَ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿بصرهم الذي يقتضي المراقبة﴾

وهو البصر المجرد عن المواد وهو النور الإلهي

which is the sight stripped of substances, namely the divine light

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.