Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶29 in the text

29 · 73 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

ثُمَّ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ لِلْحَقِّ الرَّقِيبِ الإِسْمَ الَّذِي جَعَلَهُ عِيسَىٰ لِنَفْسِهِ وَهُوَ الشَّهِيدُ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا فَقَالَ وَأَنتَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ فَجَاءَ بِكُلِّ لِلْعُمُومِ وَ بِشَىْءٍ لِكَوْنِهِ أَنْكَرَ النَّكِرَاتِ وَجَاءَ بِالِاسْمِ الشَّهِيدُ فَهُوَ الشَّهِيدُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ مَشْهُودٍ بِحَسَبِ مَا تَقْتَضِيهِ حَقِيقَةُ ذَٰلِكَ المَشْهُودِ فَنَبَّهَ عَلَىٰ أَنَّهُ تَعَالَىٰ هُوَ الشَّهِيدُ عَلَىٰ قَوْمِ عِيسَىٰ حِينَ قَالَ وَكُنتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا مَّا دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ فَهِيَ شَهَادَةُ الحَقِّ فِي مَادَّةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ كَمَا ثَبَتَ أَنَّهُ لِسَانَهُ وَسَمْعَهُ وَبَصَرَهُ

Then know that the Real, the Watcher, possesses the name which Jesus assigned to himself, namely the Witness, in his words "over them a witness" [Q 5:117]. Thus he said: "And You are witness over every thing" [Q 5:117]. He brought "every" for generality, and "thing" because it is the most indefinite of indefinite nouns. And he brought the name the Witness, for He is the Witness over every witnessed thing in accordance with what the reality of that witnessed thing requires. So he drew attention to the fact that He, exalted is He, is the Witness over the people of Jesus when he said: "And I was a witness over them as long as I remained among them" [Q 5:117]. So it is the witnessing of the Real in a Jesus-like material substrate, just as it has been established [in the ḥadīth] that He is his tongue, his hearing, and his sight.

On the whole passage · 2 of 4

al-Qāshānī

﴿فنبه على أنه تعالى هو الشهيد على قوم عيسى حين قال – " وكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً ما دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ " فهي شهادة الحق في مادة عيسوية ، كما ثبت أنه لسانه وسمعه وبصره ، ثم قال : كلمة عيسوية ومحمدية أما كونها عيسوية فإنه قول عيسى بإخبار الله عنه في كتابه ، وأما كونها محمدية فلوقوعها من محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم بالمكان الذي وقعت منه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي لعلو شأنها ورفعة مكانها عنده . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

- that is, because of the loftiness of its station and the elevation of its rank with him. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿فنبه على أنه تعالى هو الشهيد على قوم عيسى حين قال – " وكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً ما دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ " فهي شهادة الحق في مادة عيسوية ، كما ثبت أنه لسانه وسمعه وبصره ، ثم قال : كلمة عيسوية ومحمدية أما كونها عيسوية فإنه قول عيسى بإخبار الله عنه في كتابه ، وأما كونها محمدية فلوقوعها من محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم بالمكان الذي وقعت منه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

" وأَنْتَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ " يعنى أنا شهيد على قوم مخصوصين ما دمت فيهم وأنت عليهم وعلى كل شيء شهيد أزلا وأبدا ، وهي شهادة الحق في مقام الجمع والإطلاق ، فأثبت الشهادة أولا بنفسه بقوله : "وكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً ". ونفى ثانيا بإثباتها وحصرها للحق بقوله " وأَنْتَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ " - اهـ بالى . ( ثم قال كلمة عيسوية ومحمدية ) وهي " إِنْ تُعَذِّبْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ عِبادُكَ " - الآية أي ألحقه بالكلام السابق المحرر اه والمراد ( بالمشهود الحاضر ) عالم الشهادة وبما يراد به هو الحق تعالى ، أي يشاهد الحق بالمشهود الحاضر ويستدل به فكان الحق نفسه مشهودا بالعالم الشهادة ، وهم لا يشاهدون الحق بالمشهود ، ولا يستدلون به لكون الغيب سترا وحجابا لهم فكانوا محجوبين عن الحق

"and You are a witness over all things" meaning: I am a witness over specific people as long as I remain among them, while You are a witness over them and over all things from eternity without beginning to eternity without end, and this is the Real's witnessing in the station of comprehensiveness and unrestrictedness; so he first affirmed the witnessing for himself by his saying: "and I was a witness over them," then secondly he negated it by affirming it and confining it to the Real by his saying "and You are a witness over all things" — end, from Bālī. (Then he said a Jesusian and Muhammadan word) namely "If You punish them, they are Your servants" — the verse, that is, he attached it to the preceding established discourse — end. What is meant (by "the present witnessed object") is the world of the visible (ʿālam al-shahāda), and what is meant by it is the Real, exalted is He; that is, the Real is witnessed by means of the present witnessed object and is inferred thereby, so the Real Himself was witnessed through the visible world, whereas they do not witness the Real through the witnessed object nor infer Him thereby, since the unseen (ghayb) is a covering and veil for them, so they were veiled from the Real

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8718); moved here

al-Qāshānī

﴿ثم اعلم أن للحق الرقيب الذي جعله عيسى لنفسه وهو الشهيد في قوله : " عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً " . فقال : " وأَنْتَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ " فجاء بكل العموم وبشيء لكونه أنكر النكرات ، وجاء بالاسم الشهيد فهو الشهيد على كل مشهود بحسب ما تقتضيه حقيقة ذلك المشهود﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ففرق بين الشهادة وأيضا بينه وبين ربه بأن خصص شهادته بأنها عليهم خاصة دون غيرهم ، وعمم شهادة الحق كل شيء. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

- thus he differentiated between the two witnessings, and also between himself and his Lord, by specifying his own witnessing as being over them specifically, to the exclusion of others, and generalizing the Real's witnessing to everything. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿ثمّ اعلم أنّ للحقّ : الرقيب . الاسم الذي جعله عيسى لنفسه ، وهو الشهيد في ط : " عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً " فقال : " وَأَنْتَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ "﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ففي مقابلة تخصيص شهادته المستفاد من تقديم « عليهم » تعميم شهادة الحق ( فجاء بـ « كل » للعموم ، وبـ « شيء » لأنّه أنكر النكرات . وجاء بالاسم الشهيد فهو الشهيد على كل مشهود بحسب ما تقتضيه حقيقة ذلك المشهود ) على ما هو مقتضى تعميمه . ثمّ إنّ هذا التعميم والتخصيص إنما يستفادان من التركيب بحسب ظاهره وخواصّه التي هي مطمح نظر علماء الرسوم في صناعة المعاني . فلذلك قال : " اعلم " فإنّ ما سبق من المعاني وأكثر ما يتعرّض له من اللطائف الشريفة على الآيات الكريمة في هذا الكتاب وغيره إنّما يظهر بضرب من الإيماء ويفصح عنه لسان الإشارة والتنبيه ، دون الإعلام ، كما في دلالة هذه الآية على أنّ الحقّ هو الشهيد في المادّة العيسويّة ، فإنّه أيضا بلسان التنبيه . فلذلك قال

"over them, a witness" — and He said: "And You are, over everything, a Witness"] So, in contrast to the specification of his [Jesus's] witnessing derived from the precedence of "over them," [there is] the generalization of the Real's witnessing (He used "everything" for generality, and "thing" because it is the most indefinite of indefinites. And He used the name "the Witness," so He is the Witness over every witnessed thing according to what the reality of that witnessed thing requires), in keeping with what His generalization requires. Now this generalization and specification are derived only from the construction (al-tarkīb) according to its apparent form and its properties, which are the object of regard of the scholars of outward forms (ʿulamāʾ al-rusūm) in the craft of semantics (ʿilm al-maʿānī). For this reason he said "know" (iʿlam), for what has preceded of meanings, and most of what is touched upon of the noble subtleties concerning the noble verses in this book and elsewhere, only appears by a kind of allusion (īmāʾ), and is made clear by the tongue of indication (ishāra) and alerting (tanbīh), not by direct instruction (iʿlām) — as in the indication of this verse that the Real is the Witness in the Jesus-substance, for it too is by the tongue of alerting. For this reason he said

Jāmī

﴿ثم اعلم﴾

عيسى عليه السلام على صيغة الماضي من الإعلام

- Jesus, peace be upon him, in the form of the past tense, from informing (al-iʿlām)

Bālī Zāde

﴿ثم اعلم أن للحق الرقيب الاسم الذي جعله عيسى عليه السلام لنفسه وهو الشهيد في قوله " عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً " فقالَ " وأَنْتَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ"﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني أنا شهيد على قوم مخصوص ما دمت فيهم وأنت شهيد عليهم وعلى كل شيء أزلا وأبدا هي شهادة الحق في مقام الجمع والإطلاق

meaning: I am a witness over a specific people as long as I remain among them, while You are a witness over them and over all things from eternity without beginning to eternity without end; this is the Real's witnessing in the station of comprehensiveness and unrestrictedness

Jāmī

﴿أن للحق الرقيب الاسم الذي جعله عيسى لنفسه و﴾

ذلك الاسم ( هو ) الاسم

that Name (is) the Name

Jāmī

﴿الشهيد في قوله "عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً" فقال﴾

عيسى عليه السلام

Jesus, peace be upon him, (said)

Jāmī

﴿وَأَنْتَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ فجاء بـ « كل » للعموم وبـ « شيء » لأنه أنكر النكرات … وجاء بالاسم الشهيد فهو سبحانه الشهيد … على كل مشهود بحسب ما يقتضيه حقيقة ذلك المشهود﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وإنما دلت هذه العبارة على انحصار الشهيد فيه سبحانه مع أنها ليس فيها من أدوات الحصر شيء لا انضمام مقدمة معلومة معها ، وهي أن كل صفة تظهر في المظاهر إذا كانت صالحة ، لأن تكون للظاهر فهي للظاهر تقيدت وتخصصت بحسب المظاهر . فإذا دلت هذه العبارة على إثبات الشهادة له سبحانه وانضمت إلى تلك المقدمة المعلومة فأدت الحصر . ولهذا ترتب عليه قوله

- and this expression indicates the confinement (inḥiṣār) of witnessing to Him, glory be to Him, even though it contains none of the particles of restriction (ḥaṣr), nor is any known premise attached to it. And that [premise] is that every attribute that appears in the loci of manifestation (maẕāhir), if it is fit to belong to the Manifest (al-ẓāhir), then it belongs to the Manifest, restricted and particularized according to the loci of manifestation. So when this expression indicates the affirmation of witnessing for Him, glory be to Him, and is joined to that known premise, it produces confinement. For this reason, there follows upon it His saying

Bālī Zāde

﴿فجاء بكل للعموم وشيء لكونه أنكر النكرات وجاء بالاسم الشهيد﴾

فإذا كان الأمر كذلك

so, if that is the case

Bālī Zāde

﴿فهو الشهيد على كل مشهود بحسب ما تقتضيه حقيقة ذلك المشهود فنبه﴾

عيسى عليه السلام بقوله " وَأَنْتَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ "

[Text: then He is the Witness over every witnessed thing according to what the reality of that witnessed thing requires. So he, Jesus, peace be upon him, drew attention by his saying "and You are a witness over all things"

Ibn Turka

﴿فنبّه على أنّه تعالى هو الشهيد على قوم عيسى حين قال : "وَكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً ما دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ " فهي شهادة الحقّ في مادّة عيسويّة كما ثبت أنّه لسانه وسمعه وبصره﴾

الكلمة العيسويّة والمحمديّة

to the fact that He, exalted is He, is the Witness over the people of Jesus when he said: "and I was over them, a witness, as long as I remained among them" — so it is the witnessing of the Real in the Jesus-substance, just as it has been established that He is his tongue, his hearing, and his sight] the Jesus-Word and the Muhammad-Word

Jāmī

﴿فنبه على أنه تعالى هو الشهيد على قوم عيسى حين قال : وَكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً ما دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ فهي شهادة الحق تعالى ولكن في مادة عيسوية كما يثبت أنه لسانه وسمعه وبصره . ثم قال﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

عليه السلام

peace be upon him,

Bālī Zāde

﴿على أنه تعالى هو الشهيد على قوم عيسى عليه السلام حين قال "عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداً ما دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ" فهي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي شهادة عيسى عليه السلام

that is, the witnessing of Jesus, peace be upon him,

Words 63–64 · 1 of 4

شَهَادَةُ الحَقِّ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿شهادة الحق﴾

عليهم . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

over them. The Shaykh, God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿في مادة عيسوية كما ثبت أنه لسانه وسمعه وبصره﴾

فأثبت الشهادة أوّلا لنفسه بقولهوَكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيداًونفي ثانيا بإثباتها وحصرها للحق بقوله " وَأَنْتَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ " لا غير

so he first affirmed the witnessing for himself by his saying "and I was a witness over them," then secondly negated it by affirming it and confining it to the Real by his saying "and You are a witness over all things," and nothing else

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.