Mashrabaمشربة

The commentators side by side

One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ سُبُّوحِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ نُوحِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶15 in the text

15 · 49 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَالأَدْنَى مَن تَخَيَّلَ فِيهِ الأُلُوهِيَّةَ فَلَوْ لَا هَذَا التَّخَيُّلُ مَا عُبِدَ الحَجَرُ وَلَا غَيْرُهُ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ قُلْ سَمُّوهُمْ فَلَوْ سَمَّوْهُمْ لَسَمَّوْهُمْ حَجَرًا وَشَجَرًا وَكَوْكَبًا وَلَوْ قِيلَ لَهُمْ مَنْ عَبَدْتُمْ لَقَالُوا إلهاً مَا كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ اللهَ وَلَا الإله وَالأَعْلَى مَا تَخَيَّلَ بَلْ قَالَ هَذَا مَجْلًى إلهي يَنْبَغِي تَعْظِيمُهُ فَلَا يَقْتَصِرُ

So the lowest [in rank] is the one who imagines divinity in it; were it not for this imagining, neither the stone nor anything else would have been worshipped. For this reason He said: "Say: Name them!" [Q 13:33]. Had they named them, they would have named them stone, tree, and star. And had they been asked, "Whom did you worship?" they would have said, "A god." They would not say "God" (Allāh), nor "the God." The highest [in rank] does not imagine; rather he says, "This is a divine locus of disclosure, whose magnification is fitting," and so he does not restrict [the Real to it].

On the whole passage · 2 of 7

al-Tilimsānī

﴿33 الرعد . فلو سموهم لسموهم حجرا وشجرا وکوکبا. ولو قيل لهم: من عبدتم؟ لقالوا إلها ما كانوا يقولون: الله ولا الإله. والأعلى ما تخيل، بل قال: هذا مجلي إلهى فينبغي تعظيمه فلا يقتصر. فالأدنى صاحب التخيل يقول:﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ما نعبدهم إلا ليقربونا إلى الله زلفى

does not imagine [in that crude way]; rather he says: 'This is a locus of divine self-disclosure (majlā ilāhī), so it deserves to be magnified' — and he does not stop [there]. The lowest, the possessor of [mere] imagination, says:] 'We worship them only that they may bring us nearer to God' —

Jāmī

﴿و لو قيل لهم من عبدتم لقالوا إلها ما كانوا يقولون الله و لا الإله. و الأعلى ما تخيل ، بل قال هذا مجلى إلهي ينبغي تعظيمه فلا يقتصر. فالأدنى صاحب التخيل يقول: «ما نعبدهم إلا ليقربونا إلى الله زلفى» و الأعلى العالم يقول: «فإلهكم إله واحد فله أسلموا» حيث ظهر «و بشر المخبتين» الذين خبت نار طبيعتهم، فقالوا إلها و لم يقولوا طبيعة، «و قد أضلوا كثيرا، أي حيروهم في تعداد الواحد بالوجوه و النسب. «و لا تزد الظالمين» لأنفسهم. «المصطفين » الذين أورثوا الكتاب،﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

او كوكبأ) ، لأن أسماءهم في حد أنفسهم ليست إلا هذه

. So the lower one, the possessor of imagining, says: «We only worship them that they may bring us nearer to God» — and the higher, the knower, says: «for your God is one God, so submit to Him» — where He has become manifest. «And give glad tidings to the humble» whose fire of their natural disposition (ṭabīʿa) has been quenched, so they said "a deity" and did not say "nature." «And he has led astray many» — i.e., he confounded them in the enumeration of the One through aspects (wujūh) and relations (nisab). «And increase not the wrongdoers» against themselves. «The chosen ones» who were made heirs of the Book,] or a star), since their names, in themselves, are nothing but this

al-Qāshānī

﴿فالأدنى من تخيل فيه الألوهية﴾

أي الجاهل المحجوب أي معنى الألوهية فهو أن يصور فيه هيئة مخصوصه متخيلة فإن الخيال لا يدرك إلا مشخصا فعبد ذلك المتخيل

i.e., the ignorant, veiled one — that is, the meaning of divinity — such that he pictures in it a particular, imagined form, for imagination (khayāl) apprehends nothing but the specified and particularized; so he worshipped that imagined thing

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فالأدنى من تخيل فيه الألوهية﴾

أي، فالأدنى مرتبة من العابدين من تخيل- على البناء للفاعل - في معبوده الألوهية، أي، ما علم يقينا أنه مظهر من مظاهرالحق، بل توهم فيه الألوهية. وأما على البناء للمفعول. فمعناه: وأدنى مرتبة في مرتبة من مراتب المعبودين من تخيل فيه أنه إله. والأول أنسب لقوله بعده

that is, the lowest rank among worshippers is he who imagined - taking the verb as active - divinity in his object of worship, that is, he did not know with certainty that it is a manifestation of the manifestations of the Real, but rather supposed divinity to be in it. As for taking the verb as passive, its meaning would be: the lowest rank, among the ranks of objects of worship, is that in which one imagined it to be a god. The first reading is more fitting given what follows.

Ibn Turka

﴿فالأدنى من تخيّل فيه الألوهة ، ولولا هذا التخيّل ما عبد الحجر ولا غيره﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فمعبودهم إنّما هو المتخيّل الذي تصوّر فيه الألوهة ، لا المحسوس

For their worshipped object is only the imagined thing in which divinity was pictured, not the sensible object itself

Jāmī

﴿فالأدنى من تخيل فيه﴾

أي في معبوده المفيد (الألوهية) ، واستحقاقه بخصوصية العبادة ، وإن كانت للتقريب إلى الحق المطلق (فلولا هذا التخيل) ، أي تخيل معنى الألوهية واستحقاق العبادة

i.e., in his worshiped object which conveys (the meaning of) (divinity), and its deservingness of the specificity of worship, even though it was [meant] for drawing near to the absolute Real (fa-lawlā this imagining), i.e., imagining the meaning of divinity and deservingness of worship

Bālī Zāde

﴿من تخيل﴾

بالبناء للفاعل (فيه) أي في معبوده (الألوهية). يعني لا يعلم يقينا أنه مظهر للاسم الإلهي ولا يصدق أنه إله بل تخيل

— in the passive-active sense — (in it), that is, in his object of worship, (divinity). That is, he does not know with certainty that it is a locus of manifestation for a divine Name, nor does he affirm that it is a god, but merely imagines [it so].

al-Qāshānī

﴿فلو لا هذا التخيل﴾

أي تخيل معنى الألوهية فيه

i.e., the imagining of the meaning of divinity within it

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلولا هذا التخيل ما عبد الحجر ولا غيره﴾

إذ لا سبب للعبادة لمثل هذا غير التخيل لأنه جماد لا تأثير له بشيء أصلا يعلم عابده أنه ليس بآلة فما عبد الحجر إلا للتخيل (ولهذا) أي ولأجل كون عبادة الحجر للتخيل لا لغيره (قال الله تعالى لنبيه إلزاما) للعابدين إليه

since there is no cause for such worship other than imagining, for it is an inanimate thing with no effect whatsoever, and its worshipper knows it has no [causal] instrumentality; so the stone was worshipped only through imagining. (For this reason) — that is, because the worship of the stone stems from imagining and nothing else — (God Most High said to His Prophet, obligating) the worshippers to it,

al-Qāshānī

﴿ما عبد الحجر ولا غيره ولهذا﴾

أي ولأن الله أراد أن يبصرهم أنهم إنما يعبدون خيالهم

that is, and because God wanted to make them see that they only worship their own imagination.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ما عبد الحجر ولا غيره﴾

لأنه جماد ظاهر لا حس له ولا حركة، فلو لا أنه تخيل هذا العابد فيه الألوهية، ما عبده أصلا

because it is an inanimate, apparent thing having no perception and no motion; had this worshipper not imagined divinity in it, he would not have worshipped it at all.

Jāmī

﴿ما عبد الحجر ولا غيره﴾

كالشجر والشمس والقمر . (ولهذا) ، أي لأن عبادة هؤلاء المعبودين مبنية على تخيل الألوهية فيهم . قال الله سبحانه أمر لنبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم ("قل") إلزاما للكفرة وإقحاما لهم ("سموهم") [الرعد : 33]، أي اذكروا أسماء هؤلاء في أنفسهم (فلو سموهم لسموهم حجرا أو شجرا قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

such as tree, sun, or moon. (And for this reason) — i.e., because the worship of these worshiped objects is built upon the imagining of divinity within them — God, Glory be to Him, commanded His Prophet, God bless him and grant him peace, ("Say") — as a binding challenge to the disbelievers and a confounding of them — ("name them") [Sūrat al-Raʿd 13:33], i.e., mention the names of these in themselves (for if they named them, they would name them stone or tree). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qāshānī

﴿قال : " قُلْ سَمُّوهُمْ " فلو سموهم لسموهم حجرا أو شجرا أو كوكبا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فافتضحوا وانتهوا عن الشرك

and thus they would have been exposed and would have desisted from associating [partners with God].

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ولهذا قال﴾

أي، الحق لنبيه إلزاما للكفرة وإفحام لهم

that is, the Real said to His Prophet, to press the argument against the unbelievers and to silence them

Ibn Turka

﴿ولهذا قال : " قُلْ سَمُّوهُمْ "[ 13 / 33 ] فلو سمّوهم ، لسموهم حجرا أو شجرا أو كوكبا ولو قيل : «من عبدتم ؟» لقالوا : «إلها» … ما كانوا يقولون : «الله» ولا «إله»﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الدالَّان على الذات الواحدة ، ضرورة أنّ معبودهم متعيّن بالتعيّن الفرقي المنكر ، غير المعروف عندهم - وإن كان معروفا في نفسه

; for had they named them, they would have named them a stone, or a tree, or a star; and were it said, "Whom do you worship?" they would say, "a god"... they would not say "God" (Allāh) nor "the deity" (ilāh)] the two terms indicating the single Essence—necessarily, since their worshipped object is entified by the entification of denied particularity, unrecognized by them, even though it is known in itself

al-Jandī

﴿قُلْ سَمُّوهُمْ﴾

فلو سمّوهم لسمّوهم حجرا وشجرا وكوكبا . ولو قيل لهم : من عبدتم ؟ لقالوا : إلها ما كانوا يقولون : « الله » ول « الإله » . والأعلى ما تخيّل ، بل قال : هذا مجلى إلهيّ ينبغي تعظيمه ، فلا يقتصر . والأدنى صاحب التخيّل يقولون

For if they were to name them, they would call them stone, tree, and star. And were it said to them, 'Whom did you worship?' they would say 'a god' — they would not say 'Allah' or 'the God.' The highest did not merely imagine, but said: 'This is a divine locus of manifestation (majlā) deserving of veneration' — and did not stop at that. And the lowest, the possessor of imagining, says:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿"قل سموهم" فلو سموهم، لسموهم شجرا أو حجرا أو كوكبا. ولو قيل لهم: من عبدتم؟ لقالوا: إلها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، ربا من الأرباب المتفرقة، أو إلها من الآلهة المتكثرة

that is, a lord among the dispersed lords, or a god among the multiplied deities

Bālī Zāde

﴿قل سموهم فلو سموهم السموهم حجرا أو شجرة أو كوكبة ولو قيل لهم من عبدتم لقالوا "نعبد إلها"﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بالنكرة لعدم علمهم ربهم إلا بالتخيل . وزعمهم أن الأرباب متفرقة لا مجتمعة في الحضرة الواحدية المعبودة لكل العابدین

in the indefinite form, due to their ignorance of their Lord save through imagining. And their claim is that the lords are scattered, not gathered in the single Presence that is worshipped by all worshippers,

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولو قيل لهم من عبدتم لقالوا إلها﴾

بناء على ما تخيلوا فلزمهم تعدد الآلهة لأنهم

on the basis of what they had imagined, so that a multiplicity of gods was necessarily entailed for them, since

Jāmī

﴿ولو قيل لهم: من عبدتم لقالوا إلها﴾

من الآلهة المفيدة الجزئية لأنهم ما عبدوهم إلا لتخيل الألوهية فيهم لا لكونهم حجرا أو شجرا أو غيرهم

among the partial, conveying deities, for they did not worship them except due to the imagining of divinity within them, not because they were a stone or a tree or other than these

al-Qāshānī

﴿ما كانوا يقولون الله ولا الإله﴾

إذ لم يرد الله الواحد المتجلى في صورة الكثرة ( والأعلى ) أي العالم العارف الكاشف بالحق

since they did not intend the One God self-disclosed in the form of multiplicity. (And the highest) i.e., the gnostic, the unveiler by means of the Real

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ما كانوا يقولون الله ولا الإله﴾

ما كانوا يقولون: نعبد الله الجامع للآلهة والأرباب، ولا نعبد الإله ،أي، المعبود المعين الذي هو معبود الكل

they would not have said: we worship Allah, the One comprising all gods and lords, nor: we worship the God - that is, the specific object of worship who is the object of worship of all.

Jāmī

﴿ما كانوا يقولون﴾

في الجواب ( الله ولا إله) المطلق الظاهر في جميع الآلهة والأرباب لأن قبلة عبادتهم كانت الآلهة الجزئية لا المطلق. فستروا وجه الحق المطلق بالآلهة المقيدة الجزئية ، فلهذا حكموا بكفرهم، لأن الكفر هو الستر (و) الصنف (الأعلى ما تخيل) في كل معبود مقيد الألوهية

in answer (Allāh, nor the absolute God (al-ilāh)) manifest in all the deities and lords — for the direction (qibla) of their worship was the partial deities, not the Absolute. So they veiled the face of the absolute Real with the restricted, partial deities; hence they were judged to be unbelievers (kafara), for unbelief (kufr) is [precisely] veiling/concealment. And the (higher) kind (is one who imagined) divinity in every restricted worshiped thing

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما كانوا يقولون﴾

نعبد (الله ولا إلا إله) فلو لم يتخيلوا الألوهية لقالوا عند السؤال نعبد الله تعالى أو نعبد الله تعالى أو نعبد الإله بالاسم الجامع المعرف والمعين للمعبودية للكل. فإذا قالوا إلها بالنكرة المجهولة علمنا أنهم ما عبدوهم إلا لتخيل الألوهية (والأعلى) أي وأعلى العابدین

'We worship (God)' nor 'none but the God' — for had they not imagined divinity, they would have said, when asked, 'We worship God Most High' or 'We worship the God' with the definite, comprehensive Name identifying and specifying the object of worship for all. Since they said 'a god' in the unknown indefinite form, we know that they worshipped these only through imagining divinity. (And the higher) — that is, the higher among worshippers

al-Qāshānī

﴿ما تخيل﴾

نفى أي لم يتخيل

— a negation, i.e., he did not imagine

al-Qayṣarī

﴿والأعلى ما تخيل، بل قال: وهذا مجلي إلهي ينبغي تعظيمه. فلا يقتصر.﴾

أي، الأعلى من العابدين والأعرف منهم لم يتخيل، كما تخيل الجهال العابد ون بالتوهم. بل يقول: هذا مجلي إلهي ومظهر من مظاهره، يجب تعظيمه لوجوب تعظيم شعائر الله. فلا يقتصر أن يعظمه بنفسه ويعبده، بل يأمر غيره أيضا بعبادته وتعظيمه. أو لا يقتصر الحق في معبوده الذي جعله مجلي إلهيا، بل قال: إنه مجلى من مجاليه ومظهرا من مظاهره، واجب تعظيمه وعزته. فيجعل هوية الحق متجلية في صور الموجودات المتكثرة

that is, the highest and most knowing of worshippers did not imagine, as the ignorant worshippers imagined through mere supposition; rather he says: this is a divine locus of theophany and a manifestation among His manifestations, which must be venerated on account of the obligation to venerate the tokens of God. He does not confine himself to venerating and worshipping it himself, but also commands others to worship and venerate it. Or: the Real does not confine Himself, in the object of worship which He made a divine locus of theophany, but rather says: it is a locus among His loci of theophany and a manifestation among His manifestations, whose veneration and glorification are obligatory. Thus He makes the identity of the Real self-disclosed in the forms of the multiple existent things.

﴿والأعلى ما تخيل﴾

على النبأ الفاعل

- taking the verb as active -

Ibn Turka

﴿والأعلى ما تخيّل﴾

فيه الالوهيّة

divinity in it

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما تخيل﴾

أي لا يتخيل الألوهية فيه

that is, does not imagine divinity in it,

al-Qāshānī

﴿بل قال هذا مجلى إلهى ينبغي تعظيمه فلا يقتصر﴾

أي على ذلك المتعين بل يرى كل شيء مجلى له ، فيرى تعدد المجالى من تجليه الأسمائى وأحدية المتجلى من تجلى وجهه فيها أي ذاته

i.e., to that particular determination, but rather saw every thing as a locus of self-disclosure for Him, so he saw the multiplicity of loci of self-disclosure arising from His self-disclosure through the Names, and the unity of the One who discloses Himself arising from the self-disclosure of His Face within them, that is, His Essence

al-Qayṣarī

﴿بل قال: هذا مجلي … فلو لا هذا التخيل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي تخيل الألوهية

that is, the imagining of divinity

Ibn Turka

﴿بل قال﴾

أي أظهر من اليقين القلبي

i.e., he manifested, out of heartfelt certainty

Jāmī

﴿بل قال : هذا مجلى إلهي﴾

تجلى فيه الإله المطلق

in which the absolute Deity has disclosed Himself

Bālī Zāde

﴿بل قال هذا مجلي إلهي ينبغي تعظيمه﴾

على كل أحد كما إذا سئلنا: لم صلیتم إلى الكعبة. قلنا: هذه أعظم مظهر من المظاهر الإلهية فعظمناها لأجل ذلك فأما عبادتنا فلا يكون إلا لله في أي مظهر ?ان لا من حيث كونه في ذلك المظهر

[Text: but rather says: 'This is a divine locus of self-disclosure (majlā ilāhī) that deserves veneration' by everyone — just as if we were asked, 'Why do you pray toward the Kaʿba?' we would say, 'This is the greatest locus of manifestation among the divine loci of manifestation, so we venerate it for that reason; but our worship is directed to none but God, in whatever locus of manifestation it may be, not from the standpoint of His being confined to that locus of manifestation.'

Words 43–47 · 1 of 7

هَذَا مَجْلًى إلهي يَنْبَغِي تَعْظِيمُهُ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿هذا مجلى إلهيّ ينبغي تعظيمه﴾

حسبما يستحقّه من الرتبة التي تليق به ويفصح عنه لسان الشرع في ذلك الزمان بين المجالي

according to whatever rank it deserves and befits it, as expressed by the tongue of the Law in that era, among the various loci of manifestation

Words 46–47 · 1 of 7

يَنْبَغِي تَعْظِيمُهُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ينبغي تعظيمه﴾

نظرة إلى من تجلى فيه لا عبادته بخصومه

with regard to Him who has disclosed Himself within it, not worshiped for its own specific self

Words 48–49 · 3 of 7

فَلَا يَقْتَصِرُ

Ibn Turka

﴿فلا يقتصر﴾

على عبادة ذلك المجلى وتعظيمه بالعبادة فقط

to worshipping and venerating that locus of manifestation through worship alone

Jāmī

﴿فلا يقتصر﴾

على المخصوص المقيد بل يعبد الإله المطلق الذي هو المفيد أحد مظاهره (فالأدني) الجاهل

at the specific, restricted [object], but rather he worships the absolute Deity, of which this is but one of the loci of manifestation, conveying [that reality] (so the lower one), the ignorant one

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلا يقتصر﴾

هذا العابد عبادته للحق في مظهر دون مظهر بل يعبده من حيث ظهوره في جميع المظاهر لعلمه بالله وبأسمائه . (فالأدنى) أي أدنى العابدین

this worshipper's worship of the Real to one locus of manifestation rather than another; rather, he worships Him from the standpoint of His manifestation in all loci of manifestation, due to his knowledge of God and His Names. (So the lowest), that is, the lowest of worshippers,

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.