Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ حَقِّيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ إِسْحَاقِيَّةٍ

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1 · 56 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فِدَاءُ نَبِيٍّ ذَبْحٌ ذِبْحٍ لِقُرْبَانٍ وَأَيْنَ ثَواجُ الكَبْشِ مِنْ نُوسِ إِنْسَانِ وَعَظَّمَهُ اللَّهُ العَظِيمُ عِنَايَةً بِنا أَوْ بِهِ لَا أَدْرِ مِنْ أَيِّ مِيزَانِ وَلَا شَكَّ أَنَّ البُدْنَ أَعْظَمُ قِيمَةً وَقَدْ نَزَلَتْ عَنْ ذَبْحِ كَبْشٍ لِقُرْبَانِ فَيَا لَيْتَ شَعْرِي كَيْفَ نَابَ بِذَاتِهِ شُخَيْصُ كُبَيْشٍ عَنْ خَلِيفَةِ رَحْمَانِ أَلَمْ تَدْرِ أَنَّ الأَمْرَ فِيهِ مُرَتَّبٌ وَفَاءٌ لِإِرْبَاحٍ وَنَقْصٌ لِخُسْرَانِ

The ransom of a prophet is the slaughter of a victim for an offering; yet how far is the bleating of the ram from the [voice and stirring] of a human being! And God, the Mighty, made it mighty [cf. Q 37:107, 'a mighty sacrifice'], out of solicitude for us or for him; I do not know by which scale. There is no doubt that sacrificial camels are greater in value, yet they fall below the slaughter of a ram for an offering. Would that I knew how, by its very self, the slight little form of a little ram could stand in for the vicegerent of the All-Merciful! Do you not know that the matter in it is ordered [by rank]: full measure for gains, and shortfall for loss?

On the whole passage · 2 of 5

Jāmī

﴿وعظمه الله العظيم عناية %~% بنا أو به لا أدر من أي ميزان ولا شك أن البدن أعظم قيمة %~% وقد نزلت عن ذبح كبش لقربان فيا ليت شعري كيف ناب بذاته %~% شخيص كبيش عن خليفة رحمان ألم تدر أن الأمر فيه مرتب %~% وفاء لإرباح ونقص لخسران؟ فلا خلق أعلى من جماد وبعده %~% نبات على قدر يكون وأوزان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(وعظمه) ، أي الكيش

("And He magnified it"), i.e., the ram,

Bālī Zāde

﴿و لا شك أن البدن أعظم قيمة %~% و قد نزلت عن ذبح كبش لقربان فيا ليت شعري كيف ناب بذاته %~% شخيص كبيش عن خليفة رحمان ألم تدر أن الأمر فيه مرتب ... وفاء لإرباح و نقص لخسران؟ فلا خلق أعلى من جماد و بعده %~% نبات على قدر يكون و أوزان و ذو الحس بعد النبت والكل عارف %~% بخلاف كشفا و إيضاح برهان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qāshānī

﴿فداء نبي ذبح ذبح لقربان %~% وأين ثؤاج الكبش من نوس إنسان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الثواج : صوت الغنم ، والنوس : صوت سوق الإبل . يقال : نست الإبل ، أي سقته ، والنوس أيضا : التذبذب وأناسه ذبذبه ، ولعل المراد هنا الأول لانتظام المعنى به ، والذبح : بكسر الذال ، ما تهيأ للذبح من الغنم فعل من المفعول . استبعد قدس الله روحه ، أن يكون نبي ذبح كبش للقربان ، أي لأن يتقرب به إلى الله ، والمراد الاستفهام بمعنى التعجب ، واكتفى عن حرف الاستفهام بما في المصراع الثاني من قوله : وأين ، لأنه تقرير له . وقيل : معناه نفسي فداء نبي جعل ذلك الفداء ذبح ذبح ، على أن الذبح بدل من فداء ولا يخلو من تعسف

Al-thu'āj: the sound of sheep; al-naws: the sound of driving camels. One says 'nastu al-ibil,' meaning 'I drove the camels forward.' Al-naws also means swaying/trembling, and 'anāsahu' means 'he made it sway.' Perhaps what is intended here is the first [meaning], since the sense coheres better with it. Al-dhibh (with kasra on the dhāl): that which is prepared for slaughter among sheep—a form derived from the passive participle. He (may God sanctify his spirit) deemed it remote/astonishing that a prophet should have had a ram slaughtered for an offering, that is, in order to draw near to God thereby. What is intended is an interrogative in the sense of astonishment, and he dispensed with the interrogative particle through what occurs in the second hemistich—his saying 'and how far'—since it serves to confirm this reading. It has also been said that the meaning is: 'May my soul be ransom for a prophet who made that ransom a slaughter-victim slaughtered'—on the premise that al-dhibh substitutes for fidāʾ (ransom)—though this interpretation is not free of forced construal.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فداء نبي ذبح ذبح لقربان %~% وأين ثواج الكبش من نوس إنسان﴾

اعلم، أن بين الفداء والمفدى عنه لا بد من مناسبة ومقاربة في الفداء، كما جاء في صورة القصاص، لذلك لا تقتل المسلم بالذمي والحر بالعبد. فقوله

Know that between the ransom (fidāʾ) and the one ransomed there must be a correspondence and approximation in the ransom, as appears in the case of retaliation (qiṣāṣ); for this reason a Muslim is not killed in retaliation for a non-Muslim protected subject (dhimmī), nor a free man for a slave. So his statement:

﴿فداء نبي﴾

استفهام على سبيل التعجب. تقديره: أفداء نبي ذبح ذبح لقربان؟فحذفت الهمزة، كما تقول: هذا قدري عندك. أي، أهذا قدري؟ و (ذبح) بفتح الذال، مصدر، وبكسرها اسم لما يذبح للقربان. و (الثواج) صوت الغنم. و(النواس) التذبذب والصوت عند سوق الإبل. يقال ناس: إبله. أي، ساقها. وناس الشئ وإناسه، أي، ذبذبه وحركة، والمراد صوت الإنسان وحركته. أي، كيف يقوم صوت الكبش وحركته عند الذبح مقام صوت الإنسان وحركته. واعلم، أن ظاهر القرآن يدل على أن الفداء عن إسماعيل، وهو الذي رآهإبراهيم أنه يذبحه. وإليه ذهب أكثر المفسرين وذهب بعضهم إلى أنه إسحاق. والشيخ رضي الله عنه معذور فيما ذهب إليه، لأنه به مأمور كما قال في أول الكتاب

is an interrogative expressed as astonishment. Its sense is: "Is the ransom of a prophet a slaughtering slaughtered for an offering?" The hamza [of istifhām] was then elided, just as one says "hādhā qadrī ʿindaka" meaning "is this my worth?" (Dhibḥ) with fatḥa on the dhāl is a verbal noun (maṣdar), while with kasra it is the noun for that which is slaughtered as an offering. (Al-thuwāj) is the bleating sound of sheep. (Al-nuwās) is the swaying and the sound made when driving camels; one says "nāsa ibilahu," meaning he drove them. "Nāsa al-shayʾ" and "anāsahu" mean he made it sway and move—what is meant here is the sound and movement of a human being. That is: how can the sound and movement of the ram at the slaughter stand in the place of the sound and movement of a human being? Know that the apparent sense of the Qur'an indicates that the ransom was for Ishmael, who is the one Abraham saw in his dream that he was to slaughter. Most exegetes have held this view, though some have held that it was Isaac. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, is excused in the position he adopted, for he was commanded to it, as he said at the beginning of the book.

Ibn Turka

﴿فداء نبيّ ذبح ذبح لقربان﴾

« الفداء » و « الفداء » : حفظ الإنسان عن النائبة بما تبذله عنه. "" إضافة الجامع : ما سطره الشيخ بنفسه على أن الاعتقاد يكون الذبيح إسماعيل عليه السّلام ظاهر مما أورده الشيخ ابن العربي نفسه في كتابه الإسفار عن نتيجة الأسفار ( ص 37 ، سفر الهداية ) : " ولم ابتلي بذبح ما سأله من ربه وتحقق نسبة الابتلاء ، وصار بحكم الواقعة ، فكأنه قد ذبح - وإن كان حيّا - بشّر بإسحاق عليه السّلام من غير سؤال ، فجمع له بين الفداء وبين البدل مع بقاء المبدل منه . "" والنبيّ لكونه أكمل بني نوعه صورة ومعنى وأتمّهم ظهورا وإظهارا ، وأعمّهم أوضاعا وآثارا - لا يكون فداه من الأموال إلَّا ما يكون ذا أثر وفعل ظاهر ، كما للحيوانات ، وذلك إنّما يكون بالذبح للقربان ، فإنّ أرواح المذبوح يقرّب المذبوح له ويمدّه في إظهار الآثار - كما سيجيء الكلام عليه في الفصّ الموسوي إن شاء الله تعالى - وبيّن أنّه إذا كان المطلوب من القربان إمداد المذبوح المتقرّب به بضرب من الامتزاج والاتّحاد للمتقرّب له بظهور آثاره فيه ، فكيف ينوب الإنسان شيء في ذلك - أي في إظهار الآثار

"Ransom" (al-fidāʾ) and "ransom": the protection of a person from calamity by what is given in his stead. [Addition of the compiler: What the Shaykh himself wrote indicates that the belief that the one sacrificed was Ishmael (peace be upon him) is evident from what Shaykh Ibn al-ʿArabī himself stated in his book al-Isfār ʿan Natījat al-Asfār (p. 37, Safar al-Hidāya): "He was not tried with the sacrifice of what he asked of his Lord, yet the relation (nisba) of the trial was realized, and it became established by the force of the event, as though he had indeed been sacrificed—though he remained alive. He was given the glad tidings of Isaac without having asked for him, so there was combined for him both ransom (fidāʾ) and substitution (badal), with the continuance of that for which the substitution was made."] And the Prophet, being the most complete of his kind in form and meaning, the most perfect in manifestation and making-manifest, and the most comprehensive in dispositions and effects — his ransom could not be from wealth except what has effect and manifest action, as is the case with animals, and that is only through slaughtering for sacrifice (qurbān). For the spirit of the slaughtered [animal] draws near to the one for whom it is sacrificed and aids him in the manifestation of effects — as will be discussed in the Faṣṣ of Moses, God willing. He made clear that if what is sought from the sacrifice is that the slaughtered [animal] offered therein should aid the one for whom it is sacrificed through a kind of mixture and union, by the manifestation of its effects in him, then how could anything stand in man's place in that — i.e., in the manifestation of effects.

Jāmī

﴿فداء نبي ذبح لقربان %~% و أين ثؤاج الكبش من نوس إنسان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الفص الإسحاقي فص حكمة حقية في كلمة إسحاقية وصف رضي الله عنه هذه الحكمة بالحقية ، لأن إسحاق جعل ما رآه أبوه عليهما السلام في حضرة الخيال حقا ثابتا في الحس حيث استسلم للذبح ولهذا اختصت به . ثم إنه رضي الله عنه أورد هذه الحكمة تلوا للحكمة المهيمية لأن تلحكمة المهيمية نسبة إلى المهيمين الذين هم من الأرواح المجردة . وهذه الحكمة متعلقة بعالم المثال الذي هو تلو عالم الأرواح

The Faṣṣ of Isaac: a chapter of a true wisdom (ḥikma ḥaqqiyya) in an Isaacian word. He (may God be pleased with him) described this wisdom as "true" (ḥaqqiyya) because Isaac made what his father (peace be upon them both) had seen in the presence of imagination (al-khayāl) into a truth (ḥaqq) established in sense-perception, in that he submitted to being slaughtered; and for this reason he was singled out for it. Then he (may God be pleased with him) presented this wisdom following the Wisdom of Overwhelming Awe (al-mahīmiyya), because that wisdom is related to the Overwhelming Ones (al-muhayyimīn) who are among the disembodied spirits. This wisdom, however, is connected to the World of Imagination (ʿālam al-mithāl), which follows the World of Spirits.

﴿فداء نبي﴾

بتقديم النون مصدر مضاف إلى مفعوله يقال : فداه وفاداه إذا أعطى فداءه فأنقذه وهو مبتدأ خبره

With the nūn placed first [fidāʾ], it is an infinitive construct governing its object. One says: fadāhu and fādāhu when one gives his ransom and thereby rescues him. It is the subject (mubtadaʾ), whose predicate follows.

Bālī Zāde

﴿فداء نبي ذبح لقربان %~% و أين ثؤاج الكبش من نوس إنسان و عظمه الله العظيم عناية ... بنا أو به لا أدر من أي ميزان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (فداء بني) استفهام للتعجب حذف همزته للعلم به (ذبح) بفتح الذال مصدر (ذبح) بالكسر ما يذبح من الحيوانات القربان وابن ثواج الكيش) أي وأين صوت الغنم وحركته

The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: "fidāʾu Nabiyyin" (the ransom of a Prophet)—an interrogative of astonishment, its hamza elided since it is known; "dhubḥ" with fatḥa on the dhāl is a verbal noun; "dhibḥ" with kasra is what is slaughtered of the sacrificial animals, i.e., the sacrifice (qurbān). "Wa ayna thuwāju al-kabshi" (and where is the bleating of the ram)—that is, where is the sound and movement of the sheep

﴿فداء نبي ذبح ذبح لقربان %~% وأين ثؤاج الكبش من نوس إنسان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( فداء نبي ) استفهام التعجب حذف همزته العلم بها ( ذبح ) بفتح الذال مصدر ( ذبح ) بالكسر ما يذبح من الحيوانات ( وأين ثؤاج الكبش ) صوت الغنم وحركته ( من قوس ؟ إنسان ) أي من صوت الإنسان وحركته حين يذبح والفداء ينبغي أن يساوى المفدى عنه

("Ransom of a prophet") is an interrogative of astonishment whose hamza is elided, known [from context] without need of utterance. ("dhabḥ") with fatḥa on the dhāl is a verbal noun; ("dhibḥ") with kasra is what is slaughtered among animals [i.e., the sacrificial victim]. ("And where is the bleating of the ram") — the sound and stirring of sheep — ("compared to the groaning of a human") i.e., compared to the sound and stirring of a human being at the moment of slaughter. And the ransom ought to be equal in worth to that for which it is given in ransom.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 3331); moved here

Words 3–4 · 1 of 5

ذَبْحٌ ذِبْحٍ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ذبح ذبح﴾

الذبح الأول بفتح الذات مصدر . والثاني بكسرها ما يتهيأ للذبح. وجعل بعضهم الفداء بمعنى المفدی مبتدأ ، والذبح بكسر الذال مضاف إلى مثله خبره. وأراد بالذبح المضاف الكبش و بالمضاف إليه إسحاق عليه السلام. وعلى التقديرين فالجملة إما خبرية أو استفهامية بتقدير الاستفهام للتعجب . وذهب بعضهم إلى أن الفداء خبر مبتدأ محذوف، أي نفسي فداء نبي. وقوله : ذبح بكسر الذال فيهما ورفع الأول خبر بعد خبر . وقوله القربان : أي لأن يتقرب به إلى الله تعالی متعلق. إما الذبح إن كان مذكورا بصريحه أو بما يفهم من الذبح الأول أو الثاني

The first dhibḥ, with fatḥa on the dhāl, is an infinitive (maṣdar); the second, with kasra, denotes that which is prepared for slaughter. Some have taken al-fidāʾ to mean al-mafdī (the one ransomed) as the subject, and dhibḥ with kasra on the dhāl as a construct annexed to its like, serving as predicate. By the annexed dhibḥ he means the ram, and by the term to which it is annexed he means Isaac (peace be upon him). On either reading, the sentence is either declarative or interrogative in the sense of an interrogative of astonishment. Some held that al-fidāʾ is the predicate of an elided subject, i.e., "my soul is the ransom of a prophet." His saying dhibḥ, with kasra on the dhāl in both instances and raf' on the first, serves as a second predicate after the first. His saying "li-qurbān" (for an offering) means: because of which nearness is sought to God, Exalted is He — it is connected either to dhibḥ, if explicitly mentioned, or to what is understood from the first or second dhibḥ.

Ibn Turka

﴿وأين ثؤاج الكبش من نوس إنسان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

النوس : التذبذب ، وهو كناية عن النطق لتذبذب الصوت به في المخارج

Al-naws: oscillation/vibration; it is a metaphor for articulate speech, due to the vibration of sound through it at the points of articulation.

Jāmī

﴿وأين ثواج الكبش﴾

الثواج : بضم الثاء المثلثة صوت الغنم

al-thuwāj, with ḍamma on the thāʾ, is the sound of sheep.

Jāmī

﴿من نوس إنسان﴾

والنوس صوت سوق الإبل يقال : نست الإبل ، أي سقته يعني این مرتبة الثواج الذي هو من خواص الكبش، وهو صوت طبيعي له عن مرتبة النوس الذي هو من خواص الإنسان. ومن جملته الحد المشتمل على ألفاظ فصيحة ومعاني دقيقة والحان لطيفة ، فكما بين خاصيتهما من التفاوت الظاهر فكذلك بين ذاتيهما فأين الكبش من الإنسان فكيف يكون فداء له. والفداء ينبغي أن يساوي المفدى عنه . اعلم أنه ذهب إلى كون الذبيح إسحاق عليه السلام طائفة كبيرة من السلف واليهود قاطبة وذهب الأكثرون إلى أنه إسماعيل. والشيخ رضي الله عنه فيما ذهب إليه معذور فإنه بمقتضی مبشرته مأمور. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

al-naws is the sound used in driving camels; one says "nastu al-ibl" meaning "I drove the camels." He means: where is the rank of bleating, which is a property peculiar to the ram—being a natural sound of his—compared to the rank of speech, which is a property peculiar to the human? Among the latter is articulate speech comprising eloquent expressions, subtle meanings, and delicate melodies. Just as the disparity between their two properties is manifest, so too is the disparity between their two essences (dhātayhimā). So where does the ram stand in relation to the human, and how then could it be a ransom for him? For the ransom ought to be equal to that for which it is ransomed. Know that a large group of the early authorities (al-salaf) and the Jews altogether held that the one to be sacrificed was Isaac (peace be upon him), while the majority held that it was Ishmael. The Shaykh (may God be pleased with him), in what he held, is excused, for he was bound by what his mystical disclosure (mubashshira) required of him. The Shaykh (may God be pleased with him) said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿من نوس إنسان﴾

أي من صوت الإنسان وحركته حين يذبح

that is, from the sound and movement of a human when he is slaughtered

al-Qāshānī

﴿وعظمه الله العظيم عناية %~% به أو بنا لم أدر من أي ميزان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

حذف الياء من لم أدر تسامحا ، أي عظمه الله ، أي وصف الكبش بالعظمة في قوله : " وفَدَيْناه بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيمٍ ". في قوله : أدر إشارة إلى أن كلا الوجهين جائز في ميزان الكشف ، أن يكون تعظيم الكبش للعناية به حيث جعل فداء لأشرف خلق الله قائما مقامه وهو إبراهيم أو إسحاق عليهما السلام أو بهما ، لأن الإنسان الكامل على صورة الله ، فعنى به تشريفا وإكراما عن أن يقع عليها الذبح بوقوعه على ذلك الكبش فلذلك عظم ، أو لما يذكر بعد من أن الحيوان أعلى قدرا من الإنسان وأعرف باللَّه . فجعله فداء لهما مع عظمة قدره لفرط العناية بهما

The yāʾ was dropped from 'lam adri' as a metrical licence—meaning 'God magnified it,' that is, He described the ram as magnificent in His saying: 'And We ransomed him with a magnificent sacrifice (dhibḥ ʿaẕīm).' His saying 'adri' indicates that both aspects are admissible on the scale of unveiling (kashf): [first,] that the magnification of the ram was out of care for it, in that it was made a ransom for the noblest of God's creatures standing in its place—namely Abraham or Isaac, peace be upon them both—or for both of them, since the perfect human is upon the form of God; so he intended thereby to honor and dignify [the prophet] by sparing him the falling of the slaughter upon himself through its falling instead upon that ram—hence it was magnified. Or [second,] on account of what will be mentioned later—that the animal is of higher rank than the human and more knowing of God—so it was made a ransom for the two of them despite the greatness of its own rank, due to the excess of care shown toward them both.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وعظمه الله العظيم عناية به أو بنا، لم أدر من أي ميزان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(الواو) للحال. أي، والحال أن الله وصفه ب (العظيم) بقوله: (وفديناه بذبح عظيم). عناية بالذبح وتعظيما لشأنه حيث جعله فداء عن نبي معظم عند الله. أو عناية بالنبي وتعظيما لقدره حيث جعل الذبح فداء عنه

(The wāw) indicates a circumstantial clause (ḥāl); that is, while God described it as (ʿaẓīm/mighty) in His saying "and We ransomed him with a mighty slaughtering" (dhibḥ ʿaẓīm), out of concern for the slaughtered victim and in magnification of its status, since He made it a ransom for a prophet magnified in God's sight. Or [the magnification was] out of concern for the prophet and in magnification of his rank, since the slaughtering was made a ransom for him.

Ibn Turka

﴿وعظَّمه الله العظيم﴾

في قوله : " وَفَدَيْناه ُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيمٍ " [ 37 / 107 ] على حقارة آثاره

In His saying: "And We ransomed him with a tremendous sacrifice" [37:107], despite the paltriness of its effects.

Jāmī

﴿الله العظيم﴾

حيث جعله فداء لنبي عظيم عناية به ، أي الكبش (أو بنا) معشر بني آدم ويدخل فيه النبي دخولا أوئية

in that He made it a ransom for a mighty prophet—out of solicitude for it, i.e., the ram ("or for us"), the community of the children of Adam, the prophet being included in this by way of priority.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وعظمه الله العظيم عناية %~% به أو بنا لم أدر من أي ميزان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

"عناية به" أي بالذبح تعظيما به بجعله فداء عن النبي العظيم القدر "أو بنا" أي تعظيما لشأن نبهنا ، بجعل الذبح العظيم عند الله فداء عنه "لم أدر من أي ميزان" وقع ، أمن ميزان عناية الله بنا ، أو من ميزان عنايته بالكبش ؟

"Care for it" i.e. for the sacrifice, magnifying it [the ram] by making it a ransom for the Prophet of mighty rank. "Or for us" i.e. magnifying the station of the one who alerted us, by making the mighty sacrifice, in God's reckoning, a ransom for him. "I know not from which balance it fell" — whether from the balance of God's care for us, or from the balance of His care for the ram?

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 3345); moved here

﴿وعظمة الله العظيم﴾

أي والحال أن الله أعظم ذلك الكبش. بقوله : "وفديناه بذبح عظيم " 107 الصافات. (عناية به) أي بالذبح تعظيما به يجعله فداء عن النبي العظيم القدر عند الله (أو بنا) أي تعظيما لشأن نبينا عليه السلام بجعل الذبح العظيم الشأن عند الله فداء عنه. (لم أدر) هذا التعظيم (من أي میزان) أي من أي قسم من قسمي التعظيم. قال الشيخ الأكبر رضي الله عنه

that is, the state is that God magnified that ram, by His saying: "And We ransomed him with a tremendous sacrifice" (al-Ṣāffāt 37:107). "ʿināyatan bihi" (as a solicitous care for it)—that is, for the sacrifice, magnifying it by making it a ransom for the Prophet of great standing before God; "or for us"—that is, magnifying the rank of our Prophet, peace be upon him, by making the sacrifice of great standing before God a ransom for him. "I know not" this magnification "from which scale"—that is, from which of the two divisions of magnification. The Greatest Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Words 15–16 · 1 of 5

عِنَايَةً بِنا

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿عناية بنا﴾

فإنّه ما يصلح لأن يتقرّب به الإنسان ذلك التقرّب يكون عظيم

For what is fit for man to draw near with, in that [kind of] drawing-near, is [itself] tremendous.

Words 17–18 · 1 of 5

أَوْ بِهِ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿أو به﴾

كما سيجيء بيانه

As will be explained hereafter.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿لم أدر من أي ميزان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

تعجب من أي الذبح صار فداء لنبي كريم، ووصفه الحق بذبح عظيم، أي، لم أدر من أي قسم من القسمين، وما سبب تعظيمه

expressing astonishment as to which of the two the slaughtered victim became a ransom for—a noble prophet whom the Real described with "a mighty slaughtering." That is, I do not know from which of the two divisions [the magnification derives], nor the cause of its being magnified.

Ibn Turka

﴿لا أدر﴾

حذف الياء منه اكتفاء بالكسرة - على ما في قوله تعالى : " وَاللَّيْلِ إِذا يَسْرِ " [ 89 / 4 ]

The yāʾ has been elided from it, the kasra being deemed sufficient — as in His saying: "And the night when it journeys on [yasri]" [89:4].

Jāmī

﴿لا أدر﴾

بحذف الياء اكتفاء بالكسر. و هكذا في النسخة المقروءة على الشيخ رضي الله عنه وفي بعض النسخ: لم أدر من أي ميزان أي لم يذر

with the yāʾ elided, the kasra sufficing in its place. Thus it stands in the copy read before the Shaykh (may God be pleased with him); in some copies: "lam adri" — "from which scale," i.e., I did not know.

Ibn Turka

﴿من أيّ ميزان﴾

فإنّ هاهنا ميزانين : أحدهما العلوّ الشرفيّ ، والآخر الكمال الجمعيّ ، فإذا اعتبر الأوّل منهما كان التعظيم الذي للكبش بنفسه لا للمفدى به وإذا اعتبر الثاني كان التعظيم المشار إليه باعتبار المفدى به كما سيجيء بيانه

For here there are two balances/measures: one is elevation in nobility, and the other is comprehensive perfection. If the first of the two is considered, then the magnification belongs to the ram itself, not to the one ransomed thereby; and if the second is considered, then the magnification referred to is in respect of the one ransomed, as will be explained hereafter.

Jāmī

﴿من أي ميزان﴾

وقع من ميزان عناية الله بنا أو من ميزان عنايته بالكبش وإنما جعل عنايته بالكبش وإنما جعل عنايته سبحانه میزان أو بعنايته تعرف مقادیر الأشياء ومراتبها كما يعرف بالميزان أوزانه

i.e., did it fall within the scale of God's solicitude for us, or the scale of His solicitude for the ram? He made God's solicitude, exalted is He, a scale—or rather, by His solicitude the measures and ranks of things are known, just as by a scale its weights are known.

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولا شك أن البدن أعظم قيمة %~% وقد نزلت عن ذبح كبش لقربان﴾

عظيم القيمة مستحب في القربان ، تعظيما لوجه الله وزيادة في التجريد ، وتغليبا لمحبة الله على حب المال ورعاية لجانب الفقراء ، ولا شك أن البدن أعظم قيمة ، ولذلك تجزى بدنة في الضحايا عن سبعة ، وفد نزلت هاهنا عن الغنم لشدة المناسبة بينه وبين النفس المسلمة الفانية في الله الباذلة بروحها لوجه الله ، لسلامة نفسه واستسلامه للذبح والفناء في الإنسان ، فإنه خلق مستسلما للذبح فحسب ، بخلاف البدن فإن المقصود الأعظم منها الركوب وحمل الأثقال . وأما الحلب فتابع لكونهما مأكولين والنظم إلى المقصود الأعظم

Great value is commendable in the sacrificial offering, as a magnification of God's face, an increase in self-divestment (tajrīd), a giving precedence to love of God over love of wealth, and an attentiveness to the condition of the poor. There is no doubt that the camel (al-badan) is of greater value—hence a single camel suffices for seven [persons] in sacrificial offerings—yet here it fell short of the sheep, because of the strength of the correspondence between the sheep and the soul submitted [to God] (al-nafs al-muslima), annihilated in God, offering its spirit for God's face—due to the soundness of its [the sheep's] nature and its submission to slaughter and to annihilation in service of the human being. For it was created submissive to slaughter alone, unlike the camel, whose greater purpose is riding and bearing burdens. As for milking, it is secondary, since both [sheep and camel] are edible, and the ordering follows the greater purpose.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ولا شك أن البدن أعظم قيمة %~% وقد نزلت عن ذبح كبش لقربان﴾

أي، ولا شك أن البدن أعظم قيمة وأكثر هيبة من الكبش، لذلك صارت بدنةعوضا عن سبعة من الضحايا، وقد انحطت عن درجة الكبش في التقرب إلى الحق هنا. و (البدن) ، بضم الباء وسكون الدال، جمع (بدنة.)

is of greater worth %~% yet it has descended below the slaughtering of a ram as an offering] That is, there is no doubt that the human body (badan) is of greater worth and more awesome than a ram; for this reason a camel/cow-body (badana) became a substitute for seven sacrificial victims, yet here it has fallen below the rank of the ram in achieving nearness to the Real. (Al-budn), with ḍamma on the bāʾ and sukūn on the dāl, is the plural of (badana).

Ibn Turka

﴿ولا شكّ أنّ البدن أعظم قيمة %~% وقد نزلت عن ذبح كبش لقربان﴾

فيه تعريض بما ذهب إليه أهل الظاهر من استحباب غلوّ القيمة في القرابين

In this there is an allusion [critical reference] to what the literalists (ahl al-ẓāhir) have held regarding the recommendation of exaggerating the value in sacrificial offerings.

Jāmī

﴿ولا شك أن البدن﴾

جمع بدنة بالفتحنين وهي ناقة أو بقرة تنحر بمكة (أعظم) من الكبش (قيمة ولهذا صارت عوضا عن سبعة من الضحاي

(budn), plural of badana with two fatḥas, being a she-camel or cow sacrificed at Mecca—(is of greater) than the ram (in worth), and for this reason it became equivalent to seven sacrificial animals.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولا شك أن البدن أعظم قيمة %~% وقد نزلت عن ذبح كبش لقربان﴾

( البدن ) جمع بدنة بفتحتين : وهي ناقة أو بقرة تنحر بمكة ، وقد نزلت عن الكبش لأنه جعل فداء عن نبي دون البدن

("al-budn") plural of badana, with two fatḥas: it is a she-camel or a cow slaughtered at Mecca. And it [the budn] was set below the ram, because the ram was made a ransom for a prophet, which the budn was not.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 3357); moved here

﴿ولا شك أن البدن﴾

بضم الباء وسكون الدال جمع بدنة

with ḍamma on the bāʾ and sukūn on the dāl, the plural of badana (sacrificial camel)

Words 28–29 · 1 of 5

أَعْظَمُ قِيمَةً

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿أعظم قيمة﴾

من الكبش . (و) الحال (قد نزلت) أي انحطت (عن ذبح كبشر لقربان) أي لم تكن البدنة فداء عن نبی كریم مع أنها أعظم قيمة من الكبش

than the ram. (And) the state (is that it fell short), that is, it descended below (the slaughter of a ram as an offering)—that is, the sacrificial camel was not the ransom for a noble Prophet, even though it is of greater value than the ram

Words 30–31 · 1 of 5

وَقَدْ نَزَلَتْ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿وقد نزلت﴾

أي انحطت هي بل ذبحه

i.e., it—or rather, his slaughtering—has fallen below

Words 32–35 · 1 of 5

عَنْ ذَبْحِ كَبْشٍ لِقُرْبَانِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿عن ذبح كبش القربان﴾

لأنه جعل فداء عن نبي دون البدن وبه تقرب إلى الحق دونه

because it was made a ransom for a prophet instead of the body (badan), and it was through it [the ram], not the body, that nearness to the Real was sought.

al-Qāshānī

﴿فيا ليت شعري كيف ناب بذاته %~% شخيص كبيش عن خليقة رحمن﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

تحريض على معرفة سر مناسبته للإنسان الفاني في الله

An incitement to come to know the secret of its [the ram's] correspondence to the human being annihilated in God.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فياليت شعري كيف ناب بذاته %~% شخيص كبيش عن خليفة رحمان﴾

ومعناه ظاهر. واعلم، أن غرض الشيخ رضي الله عنه في هذه الأبيات بيان سر التوحيد الظاهر في كل من الصور الوجودية، في صورة التعجب نفيا لزعم المحجوبين وإثباتا لقول الموحدين المحققين. وذلك أن الوجود هو الظاهر في صورة الكبش، كما أنه هو الظاهر في صورة إسحاق، فما ناب إلا عن نفسه، وما فدى منها إلابنفسه الظاهرة في الصورة الكبشية، فحصلت المساواة في المفاداة

Its meaning is evident. Know that the Shaykh's, may God be pleased with him, purpose in these verses is to set forth the secret of the unity (tawḥīd) manifest in each of the existential forms—expressed in the mode of astonishment, as a negation of the claim of the veiled and an affirmation of the saying of the realized unitarians (muwaḥḥidūn muḥaqqiqūn). For Existence is that which is manifest in the form of the ram just as it is manifest in the form of Isaac; so nothing substituted except for itself, and nothing was ransomed from it except by itself as manifest in the ram-form—thus equivalence was achieved in the ransoming.

Ibn Turka

﴿فيا ليت شعري كيف ناب بذاته %~% شخيص كبيش عن خليفة رحمان﴾

ووجه تقريب هذا الكلام هاهنا أنّ إسحاق لما كان صورة سرّ إبراهيم ، الذي هو أوّل من تحقّق بالهويّة الجمعيّة والوحدة الذاتيّة التي انطوى فيها أمر التقابل والتغاير ، واقتضى ظهور كلّ من المتقابلين في عين الآخر كما نبّهت عليه كذلك سائر ما يترتّب عليه في أفعاله ، من رؤياه القربان وفدائه فإنّ الكمال في ذلك قد ظهر في مقابله أيضا - أعني الجماد الذي هو أنقص ما في الوجود - لعدم خروج ما في قوّة القابليّة فيه من الصفات الوجوديّة - كالحياة والعلم وما يتبعهما - فهذه الحكمة حاكمة بعلوّ الجماد وكماله ، بناء على الأصل الممهّد من ظهور كلّ من المتقابلين في عين الآخر . "" إضافة المحقق : قال القاشاني : فإن كل ما انقاد لأمر اللَّه مطلقا ولم يظهر بالأنانية أصلا - كالجماد - كان أعلى رتبة من الموجودات ، لوجوده باللَّه وانقياده لأمره مطلقا وعدم ظهوره بنفسه وأنانيته .أهـ. "" ثمّ إنّ الحيوان كلَّما كان أقرب إلى الجماد كان أعلى و أكمل ، وليس فيه ما يقرب إليه قرب الكبش ، فلذلك صار فداء. وإلى ذلك أشار بقوله

The way to approximate this discourse here is that since Isaac was the form of the secret of Abraham — who was the first to be realized with the comprehensive identity (huwiyya jamʿiyya) and essential unity in which the matter of opposition and differentiation was enfolded, and which necessitated the manifestation of each of two opposites in the very entity of the other, as I have pointed out — so too all that follows from this in his [Abraham's] acts, from his dream-vision of the sacrifice and its ransoming: for perfection in that had appeared also in its counterpart — I mean the inanimate [mineral], which is the most deficient thing in existence — due to the non-emergence of what lies in potential receptivity within it, of existential attributes such as life, knowledge, and what follows upon them. So this wisdom decrees the loftiness and perfection of the inanimate, based on the established principle of the manifestation of each of two opposites in the very entity of the other. [Addition of the editor: al-Qāshānī said: "For everything that submits absolutely to God's command and does not manifest egoity (anāniyya) at all — such as the inanimate — is of a higher rank among existents, due to its existing through God and its absolute submission to His command, and its non-manifestation by itself and its egoity." End.] Then, the animal, the closer it is to the inanimate, the loftier and more perfect it is; and there is nothing [among animals] that approaches it [the inanimate] as closely as the ram does. Hence it became the ransom. And to this he alluded in his saying:

Jāmī

﴿فيا ليت شعري كيف نابت بذاته شخيص إلى كبش﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إنما صغره مع وصفه بالعظم إشارة إلى حقارته بالنسبة إلى المندي عنه الذي عبر عنه بقوله : (عن خليقة رحمن) يعني إسحاق عليه السلام. ولما استغرب رضي الله عنه في الأبيات السابقة جعله فداء لنبي رفيع القدر لعدم المناسبة بينهما أراد أن يدفع ذلك الاستغراب فقال

He diminished it despite describing it as mighty, pointing to its lowliness relative to the one it ransomed, whom he referred to by his words: "in place of God's vicegerent," meaning Isaac (peace be upon him). Since he (may God be pleased with him) found it strange in the preceding verses that it was made a ransom for a prophet of exalted rank, given the lack of correspondence between them, he wished to remove that strangeness, saying:

Bālī Zāde

﴿فيا ليت شعري كيف ناب بذاته %~% شخيص كبيش عن خليقة رحمن﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

"كيف ناب " أي لا ينوب "بذاته عن خليفة رحمن " بل لمعنى زائد على ذاته جليل القدر عند الله ، كالذي كان في خليفة رحمن ، فيه كان نائبا عنه عليه السلام ، وهو إسحاق في كشف الشيخ قدس سره

"How did it stand in place" — i.e. it did not stand in place "by its very essence, for the vicegerent of the All-Merciful," but rather by a meaning additional to its essence, of great rank with God — like that which was present in the vicegerent of the All-Merciful, in respect of which it [the ram] stood as his substitute, peace be upon him — and he is Isaac, according to the unveiling of the Shaykh, may his secret be sanctified.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 3362); moved here

﴿فيا ليت شعري كيف ناب بذاته ، شخيص الكبش … عن خليفة رحمان﴾

يعني لا ينوب بذاته عن خليفة رحمان بل لمعنى زائد على ذاته الجليل القدر عند الله. الذي كان في خليفة رحمان فيه كان وهو إسحاق علیه السلام . وأكثر المفسرين ذهبوا إلى ما رآه إبراهيم إسماعيل عليهما السلام وبعضهم ذهب إلى أنه إسحاق عليه السلام . والشيخ اختار هذا المذهب لتطابق كشفه مذهب البعض. والمراد بإتیان التصغير أن يعلم أن العظمة ليست بالنظر إلى الصورة ولا بالنظر إلى القيمة بل المراد العظمة عند الله وهو الوفاء بالعهد السابق . ويجوز أن يكون المراد من خليفة رحمان إبراهيم عليه السلام أو كليهما لأن الفداء عن الولد فداء عن الوالد

meaning: it does not substitute by its very essence for the Vicegerent of the Merciful, but rather by virtue of a meaning additional to its essence, of great standing before God—that which was present in the Vicegerent of the Merciful, namely Isaac, peace be upon him. Most commentators held the view that the one Abraham saw [in the vision] was Ishmael, peace be upon him, while some held that it was Isaac, peace be upon him. The Shaykh chose this latter view, since his unveiling corresponds to the view of this group. The intent in using the diminutive form is to indicate that greatness is not with regard to form, nor with regard to value, but rather the intended greatness is that before God, which is fidelity to the prior covenant. It is also possible that what is meant by "Vicegerent of the Merciful" is Abraham, peace be upon him, or both of them together, since the ransom for the son is a ransom for the father as well

al-Qāshānī

﴿ألم تدر أن الأمر فيه مرتب %~% وفاء لإرباح ونقص لخسران﴾

يعنى أن الأمر في الفداء مرتب ، فإن الفداء صورة الفناء في الله ، وأعظم الفداء فداء النفس في سبيل الله ، كما قال عليه الصلاة والسلام ، حين تحقق بالفناء الكلى في الله « وددت أن أقاتل في سبيل الله فأقتل ، ثم أحيا ثم أقاتل فأقتل ، ثم أحيا ثم أقاتل فأقتل ، ثلاث مرات. " وقال تعالى: " إِنَّ الله اشْتَرى من الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وأَمْوالَهُمْ بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ يُقاتِلُونَ في سَبِيلِ الله فَيَقْتُلُونَ ويُقْتَلُونَ". فإن الفداء بالنفس صورة الفناء المطلق ، وهو وفاء بعهد التوحيد لإرباح هي الحق بالذات والصفات والأفعال ، كما قال في قرب الفرائض « من طلبنى فقد وجدني ، ومن وجدني فقد عرفني ، ومن عرفني فقد أحبني ومن أحبني فأنا قتلته ومن قتلته فعلى ديته ، ومن على ديته فأنا ديته » . أو نقص كالفداء بالمال والصفات ، فإنه خسران بما بقي منه ، وقوله . وفاء خبر مبتدإ محذوف أي هو وفاء والضمير للأمر أو الفداء ، فذبح الكبش هو الوفاء لمناسبته للنفس المسلمة حق الإسلام ، المستسلمة للفناء كما ذكر ، فهو أنسب وأعلى من البدن ومن الحيوان الإنسان ، لقوة استسلامه للفناء وعدم تأبيه كما يأتي بعده ، أو الأمر في الحق مرتب وفاء بالفناء فيه بالذات لإرباح من البقاء به بالذات والصفات والأفعال ، ونقص بالظهور بالأنانية للخسران بالاحتجاب عن الحق. فإن كل ما انقاد لأمر الله مطلقا ولم يظهر بالأنانية أصلا كالجماد كان أعلى رتبة من الموجودات لوجوده باللَّه وانقياده لأمره مطلقا وعدم ظهوره بنفسه وأنانيته، ثم النبات ثم الحيوان الأعجم من الآدمي ، ومن الحيوان كل ما هو أشد انقيادا لأمر الله كان أعلى. فالكبش أعلى من البدن لزيادة انقياده واستسلامه، وأما تفدية عبد المطلب بالبدن، فللنظر إلى القيمة وشرف الصورة الإلهية، لقوله : " خلق آدم على صورته " وإلا فالباقي على فطرته من غير تصرف فكره ، وظهوره بنفسه وأنانيته كان أقرب إلى الحق ، لقوله : قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

He means that the matter of the ransom is arranged in ranks, for the ransom is the form of annihilation (fanāʾ) in God, and the greatest ransom is the ransoming of the self in the path of God, as he (peace and blessings be upon him) said, when he had realized total annihilation in God: 'I would love to fight in the path of God and be killed, then be brought back to life, then fight and be killed, then be brought back to life, then fight and be killed'—three times. And the Exalted said: 'Indeed God has purchased from the believers their selves and their wealth, that Paradise shall be theirs; they fight in the path of God, killing and being killed.' For the ransoming of the self is the form of absolute annihilation, and it is a fulfillment of the covenant of Divine Unity (tawḥīd) leading to gains that are the Real Himself in Essence, Attributes, and Acts—as He said in the ḥadīth of the Nearness through Obligatory Acts (qurb al-farāʾiḍ): 'Whoever seeks Me has found Me; whoever has found Me has known Me; whoever has known Me has loved Me; whoever has loved Me—I have slain him; whoever I have slain, upon Me is his blood-price (diya); and whoever's blood-price is upon Me, I am his blood-price.' Or [the matter may result in] deficiency—as with ransoming through wealth or [mere] attributes—for that is a loss in respect of what remains of the self. His saying 'wafāʾ' (fulfillment) is the predicate of an elided subject, i.e., 'it [the matter] is fulfillment,' the pronoun referring either to the matter or to the ransom. Thus the slaughter of the ram is the fulfillment, on account of its correspondence to the soul submitted [to God] in the true sense of islām (submission), given over to annihilation as mentioned; so it is more fitting and higher than the camel and than the human animal, on account of the strength of its submission to annihilation and its lack of resistance, as will follow. Or: the matter regarding the Real is arranged in ranks—fulfillment through annihilation in Him in respect of Essence, leading to gains of subsistence through Him in Essence, Attributes, and Acts; and deficiency through manifestation by egohood (anāniyya), leading to loss through being veiled from the Real. For everything that submits totally to God's command and does not manifest by egohood at all—like the inanimate (al-jamād)—is of higher rank among existent things, due to its subsisting through God and its total submission to His command, and its not manifesting by itself and its egohood. Then [comes] the plant, then the dumb animal [in rank] above the human being; and among animals, whichever is more submissive to God's command is higher [in rank]. Thus the ram is higher than the camel due to the increase of its submission and surrender. As for [the Prophet's grandfather] ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib's ransoming [of his son] with camels, that was out of regard for value and for the nobility of the divine form, in accordance with His saying: 'He created Adam upon His form'—otherwise, whatever remains upon its [original] disposition (fiṭra), without the interference of its own thinking, and whose manifestation is by itself and its egohood, would be closer to the Real—in accordance with his [Ibn ʿArabī's] saying, as the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ألم تدر أن الأمر فيه مرتب %~% وفاء لإرباح ونقص لخسران؟﴾

ضمير (فيه) عائد إلى (الفداء) . وقوله: (وفاء ونقص) كل منهما خبر مبتدأ محذوف. أي، لم تعلم أن الأمر، أو الشأن الإلهي، في الفداء مرتب، ليكون بين المفدى والمفدى عليه مناسبة في الشرف والخسة وباقي الصفات، فلا يفدى من الشريف بالخسيس، ولا بالعكس. والإتيان بالفداء الذي هو صورة فداء النفس وفاء بالعهد الأزلي السابق "في عالم الذر" (لإرباح) ، بكسر الهمزة على صيغة المصدر. أي، لإكمال المستعد نفسه وغيره من المستعدين. يقال: هذه تجارة مربحة. أي، كاسبة للربح. أو بفتح الهمزة، على صيغة الجمع. أي، للكمالات التي تحصل لمن يأتي بالفداء. والأول أنسب لما بعده. وعدم الإتيان به نقص لخسران. فإن من لم يف بالعهد السابق الأزلي لاحتجابه بالغواشي الظلمانية، إنما هو لنقص استعداده وخسران رأس ماله الذي هو العمر والاستعداد، لتضييع هما فيما هو فان. وسر هذا المعنى وتحقيقه أن تعلم أن الوصول إلى الحق، سبحانه، للعبد لا يمكن مع بقاء أنانيته، لأنها توجب الإثنينية. فلا بد من إفنائها. والإقرار الأزلي بربوبيته تعالى إنما يتم بعدم الإشراك، ذاتا ووجودا وصفة وفعلا. فالسالك ما دام أنه لا يفنى ذاته وجميع ما يترتب عليها، لا يكون موفيا بعهده السابق. فالحق، سبحانه،أرى إبراهيم ما أراه تكميلا له ولإبنه، إبتلاء لهما. فإن ذبح ابنه الذي هو نفسه في الحقيقة إفناء لهما، فلما قصد بذبح ابنه واستسلم ابنه نفسه وانقاد، حصل الفناء المطلوب والوفاء بالعهد الأول منهما. وفدى الحق، سبحانه،عنهما الذبح العظيم، لكونه في غاية الانقياد والاستسلام، دون غيره من الحيوانات. ويجوز أن يعود ضمير (فيه) إلى (الحق) الذي هو الوجود. أي، لم تعلم أن الأمر الإلهي في الوجود وتنزله وظهوره في المراتب كلها (مرتبا). كما قال: (الله الذي خلق سبع سماوات ومن الأرض مثلهن يتنزل الأمر بينهن لتعلموا أن الله على كل شئ قدير). وأن الله قد أحاط بكل شئ علما. أو: والأمر في وجوده ونفسهمرتب مرعى التناسب: لا يفدى عن شريف بخسيس، ولا عن حقير بعظيم، فلا بد من التناسب بين الكبش وبين هذا النبي الكريم ذاتا وصفة. فقوله

to gains, and deficiency [leading] to loss?] The pronoun in (fīhi/"therein") refers to (al-fidāʾ/the ransom). His words (wafāʾ/fulfillment) and (naqṣ/deficiency) are each predicates of an elided subject. That is: do you not know that the Divine matter (al-amr al-ilāhī), or the Divine affair, in the ransom is ordered, so that there be between the one ransomed and the one ransomed for a correspondence in nobility, baseness, and the rest of the attributes—so that the noble is not ransomed by the base, nor the reverse. And the bringing-forth of the ransom—which is in reality the form of the ransoming of the self—constitutes fulfillment of the primordial covenant made earlier "in the world of particles [dharr]" — (li-irbāḥ), with kasra on the hamza, in the form of a verbal noun, meaning: for the completion (ikmāl) of the one prepared [for it], himself and others among the prepared ones; one says "this is a profitable trade (tijāra murbiḥa)," i.e., one that yields profit. Or, with fatḥa on the hamza, in the plural form, meaning: for the perfections (kamālāt) attained by one who brings forth the ransom. The first reading better suits what follows. And not bringing it forth is deficiency [leading] to loss. For whoever does not fulfill the prior primordial covenant, due to being veiled by dark coverings, does so only through deficiency of his preparedness (istiʿdād) and the loss of his capital—namely, his lifetime and preparedness—squandering his concern upon what is perishing. The secret of this meaning and its verification is that you should know: the servant's arrival at the Real, glory be to Him, is not possible while his egoity (anāniyya) persists, for it necessitates duality. It must therefore be effaced. The primordial acknowledgment of His Lordship, exalted is He, is only completed through the absence of associating [any partner] with Him—in essence, existence, attribute, and act. So the wayfarer (sālik), so long as he has not effaced his self and all that follows from it, has not fulfilled his prior covenant. The Real, glory be to Him, showed Abraham what He showed him as a perfecting for him and for his son, as a trial for them both. For the slaughtering of his son—who is in reality his own self—constitutes an effacement of them both; and when he intended to slaughter his son, and his son submitted himself and complied, the sought effacement was attained and the first covenant was fulfilled by them both. And the Real, glory be to Him, ransomed them with the mighty slaughtered victim, because it was in the utmost degree of compliance and submission, unlike other animals. It is also permissible that the pronoun in (fīhi) refer to (al-Ḥaqq), which is Existence (al-wujūd). That is: do you not know that the Divine command (al-amr al-ilāhī) in existence, in its descent and manifestation through all the levels, is (ordered)—as He said: "God is He who created seven heavens and of the earth their like; the command descends between them that you may know that God has power over all things," and that God has encompassed all things in knowledge. Or: the matter, in its existence and in itself, is ordered with regard for correspondence (tanāsub): one is not ransomed for the noble by the base, nor for the lowly by the great; there must be correspondence between the ram and this noble prophet in essence and attribute. So his statement:

﴿ألم تدر﴾

تنبيه للطالب على أن ينظر بنظر الحق، ويعلم أن المناسبة الذاتية بينهما هي أن كلا منهما مظهر للذات الإلهية، والمناسبة الصفاتية تسليم كل منهما لما حكم الله عليهما، وانقيادهما لذلك طوعا. فيتعين أن الظاهر في الصورة الكبشية هو الذي ظهر في الصورة الإسحاقية. وتخصيص ظهوره بها في الفداء للمناسبة بينهما في الانقياد والتسليم

is an alerting of the seeker (ṭālib) to look with the eye of the Real and to know that the essential correspondence between the two [the ram and Isaac] is that each of them is a locus of manifestation (maẓhar) for the Divine Essence, while the correspondence in attribute is each one's submission to what God decreed upon them, and their voluntary compliance therewith. It is thus determined that what is manifest in the ram-form is the very same that was manifest in the Isaac-form. And the specification of His manifestation in it [the ram] for the ransom is due to the correspondence between the two in compliance and submission.

Ibn Turka

﴿ألم تدر أن الأمر فيه مرتّب %~% وفاء لإرباح ونقص لخسران﴾

أي الأمر في الفداء مرتّب ، فإنّ منه ما له كمال ووفاء بمقتضى القابليّة الأولى ، فيترتّب عليه الربح في الوجود بصونه عن الانغماس في القيود الكونيّة وبقائه على شرفه الأصلي ومنه ما له نقص بمقتضى القابليّة المذكورة ، فيترتّب عليه الخسران ، بتراكم الحجب الكونيّة على وجوده ، وتلاشي أحكام القدس فيه وذلك لأنّ مقتضى تلك القابليّة إنّما هو الإطلاق الحقيقي الذي لا يشوبه أمر من القيود ، ولا يغشيه حجاب من الأكوان - نسبة كانت أو صفة أو فعلا - فعلوّ المراتب في التنزّلات الإمكانيّة بقدر عروّها عن تلك الحجب

That is, the matter of ransom is graded in ranks: for some of it has perfection and fulfillment by virtue of the primary receptivity (qābiliyya), and this entails gain in existence through its being preserved from immersion in cosmic constraints and its remaining upon its original nobility; and some of it has deficiency by virtue of the aforementioned receptivity, and this entails loss, through the accumulation of cosmic veils upon its existence and the dissolution of the rulings of holiness within it. This is because the requirement of that receptivity is only true absoluteness (al-iṭlāq al-ḥaqīqī), unmixed with any constraint and unveiled by any covering from created things — whether relation, attribute, or act. So the loftiness of ranks in contingent descents is in proportion to their freedom from those veils.

Jāmī

﴿ألم تدر أن الأمر، أي أمر الوجود فيه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي في ذلك الأمر (مرتب) ، أي واقع علی ترتیب خاص (وفاء) ، أي كمال وتمامية لبعض الأمور الموجودة (لأرباح) : أي لأجل كسب ربح الشرف فإن الأرباح بكسر الهمزة كسب الريح يقال : تجارة مربحة، أي كاسبة الربح (ونقض) و عدم تمامية لبعض آخر منه (بخسران) ، أي بخسران ذلك الكسب. والحاصل أن بين الموجودات تفاوتا في الشرف والخسة فقوله : مرتب، خبر أن وقوله : وفاء مع ما عطف عليه فاعل له أو هو مبتدأ و مرتب خبره. والجملة خبر و تقول : معناه أن أمر الشرف والخسة فيه ، أي في الكبش مرتب، أي واقع في مرتبة خاصة فيها وفاء وتمامية لكسب ربح انشر في بالنسبة إلى بعض وهو الأناسي الحيوانيون، وعدم تمامية بخسران ذلك الكسب بالنسبة إلى بعض آخر وهو النبات والجماد فإنهما أشرف من الحيوان الذي من جملته الكبش. ثم شرع رضي الله عنه في بيان مرتبته بقوله

i.e., in that matter (occurring according to a specific order)—("fulfillment"), i.e., completeness and perfection for some existing things ("for gains"), i.e., for the sake of gaining the profit of nobility, for "arbāḥ" with kasra on the hamza means gaining profit; one says "tijāra murbiḥa," i.e., profit-gaining trade—("and deficiency")—and lack of completeness for others—("with loss"), i.e., with the loss of that gain. The upshot is that there is disparity among existing things in nobility and baseness. "Murattab" ("ordered") is the predicate of "anna" ("that"), and "wafāʾ" together with what is conjoined to it is its subject (or it is itself a subject with "murattab" as its predicate), the whole clause being the predicate of "anna"—the meaning being that the matter of nobility and baseness in it, i.e., in the ram, is ordered, i.e., occurs at a specific rank wherein there is fulfillment and completeness in gaining the profit of nobility relative to some—namely, animal-like humans—and lack of completeness, with loss of that gain, relative to others—namely, plant and mineral—for these two are nobler than the animal, of which category the ram is a member. Then he (may God be pleased with him) began to explain its rank, saying:

Bālī Zāde

﴿ألم تدر أن الأمر فيه مرتب %~% وفاء لإرباح ونقص لخسران﴾

"مرتب" متناسب في الوصف لا في الذات والصورة، فلا ناب بذاته بل مع الوصف الشريف، لأنه أعظم انقيادا وتسليما للذبح عن غيره بل هذا الوصف أصل في الكبش، ففدى الشريف عن الشريف أهـ. "لإرباح" بكسر الهمزة، أي لتجارة رابحة، فكانت تجارة إبراهيم وإسحاق الانقياد والتسليم رابحة مربحة، وربح التجارة الفداء عنهما وكانت تجارة الكبش، وهي انقياده وتسليمه للذبح رابحة ، وهي فداؤه عن خليفة رحمن "ونقص لخسران" أي ولو نقصا في الانقياد ما ربحت تجارتهما ، والإرباح مرتب على الوفاء والخسران على النقص

"Ordered" — corresponding in attribute, not in essence or form; so it did not stand in place by its essence alone, but together with the noble attribute, because it [the ram] is of greater submission and surrender (inqiyād, taslīm) to being slaughtered than other creatures — rather this attribute is fundamental to the ram. Thus the noble was ransomed by the noble. End. "li-irbāḥ," with kasra on the hamza, i.e. for a profitable trade; so the trade of Abraham and Isaac — [their] submission and surrender — was a gainful, profitable trade, and the profit of that trade was the ransom granted to them both; and the trade of the ram — its submission and surrender to slaughter — was likewise profitable, its profit being its standing as ransom for the vicegerent of the All-Merciful. "And deficiency, loss" — i.e. even a deficiency in submission would have meant their trade did not profit; and gains are consequent upon fulfillment, loss upon deficiency.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 3373); moved here

﴿ألم تدر﴾

استفهام تقریر خطاب (أن الأمر نیه) أي في الفداء (مرتب) متناسب في الوصف وإن لم يكن له مناسبة في الذات والصورة . لكن الاعتبار بالمعنى وقد اعتبره الله تعالى بقوله : " بذبح عظيم" فلا ناب بذاته بل مع الوصف الشريف والكبش أعظم انقيادة وتسليما للذابح من غيره . بل هذا الوصف أصل في الكبش وفدي الشريف عن الشریف (وفاء) أي إطاعة وتسليم لأمر الله (لإرباح) بكسر الهمزة أي لتجارة رابحة . فكانت تجارة إبراهيم وإسحاق عليهما السلام الانقياد والتسليم رابحة مربحة وربح التجارة الفداء عنهما، وكأن تجارة الكبش وهي انقياده وتسليمه للذابح رابح ومي نداره عن خليفة رحمان

an interrogative of affirmation, addressing (that the matter therein)—that is, in the ransom—(is ordered)—that is, correspondingly fitting in description, even if there is no correspondence in essence and form. Rather, the consideration is of meaning, and God, exalted is He, considered it by His saying: "a tremendous sacrifice"—so it did not substitute by its essence alone, but together with the noble description. And the ram had the greatest submission and surrender to the one slaughtering it, more than any other; indeed, this description is fundamental in the ram, and the noble was ransomed by the noble. (Fidelity)—that is, obedience and surrender to God's command—(leading to gains)—that is, to profitable trade. For the trade of Abraham and Isaac, peace be upon them, was submission and surrender, which proved profitable and gainful, and the profit of that trade was the ransom granted to both of them; and it is as though the trade of the ram—namely its submission and surrender to the one slaughtering it—was profitable, and hence it became the ransom-substitute for the Vicegerent of the Merciful

Words 55–56 · 1 of 5

وَنَقْصٌ لِخُسْرَانِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ونقص لخسران﴾

ولو نقصا في الانقياد والتسليم ما ربحت تجارتهما ولم يفد عنهما والأرباح مرتبة على الوفاء والخسران مرتب على النقص. وقوله : وفاء ونقص خبر مبتدأ محذوف تقديره وهو أي المرتب وفاء الخ. وقوله : بین جهة العلو في الكبش شرع بهذه المناسبة في بيان جهة بعض الأشياء على بعض بحسب التركيب من قلة الأجزاء وكثرتها. فقال

For had there been a deficiency in submission and surrender, their trade would not have profited, and no ransom would have been given for them. Gains are consequent upon fidelity, and loss is consequent upon deficiency. His saying "fidelity" and "deficiency" are predicates of an elided subject, its estimation being: "and it," i.e., the ordered matter, "is fidelity..." etc. And his saying—regarding the aspect of superiority in the ram—he embarked, by this occasion, upon explaining the superiority of some things over others according to composition, in terms of the paucity or abundance of their parts. He said

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.