Mashrabaمشربة

Root · 0 in the Quran · 5 in 2 texts of the library

فرعن (root frn)

فرعن

The family of the root

Patterns computed · our data

The words of ف ر ع ن that our sources attest: the root's letters in green, the added letters in gold.

5 words4 other nouns1 plural

  • فَرْعَنَةcunning
  • فِرْعَوْنpharaoh
  • فِرْعَوْنِيِّةpharaoh of Moses
  • فَرَاعِنِةplural of pharaoh
  • تَفَرْعَن—
The whole family2 groups, by pattern; tap a pattern to see what it does
Other nouns4تَفَرْعَن · فَرْعَنَة · فِرْعَوْن

Nouns on other patterns; their meaning is learned word by word.grammar →

  • تَفَرْعَنnounLane
  • فَرْعَنَةcunningLanenounLane
  • فِرْعَوْنpharaohLanenounLane
  • فِرْعَوْنِيِّةpharaoh of MosesLanenounLane
Plurals1فَرَاعِنِة

Broken plurals rebuild the word on a new pattern; sound plurals add an ending.grammar →

  • فَرَاعِنِةplural of pharaohfrom the singularbroken plural of فِرْعَوْنLane

Reference

Why this shape?What each of the 2 patterns does

What each pattern does. The pattern gives a tendency, not a rule: many words have drifted into meanings of their own.

About thisWhat “attested” means here; the sources

Attested means found in our data: the Quranic Arabic Corpus (lemmas, verb Forms, participles, verbal nouns, plurals), the library's words (automatic analysis), Lane's Lexicon (his headwords, the Forms he numbers, the verbal nouns and plurals he names) and Ibn Fāris's entry. Nothing is generated for this list. Meanings are Lane's first gloss in his entry, or else the analyser's gloss (“auto”). Vowelling follows the corpus, then Lane, then the analyser; verbs are given in the regular perfect. Lane's Lexicon thins out after qāf, and a few of his entries cover several roots at once: those roots show no Lane. The patterns, written with ف ع ل, are computed by us.

The dictionaries

No dictionary entry found for this root.

Letters & sound

How each letter is made, in brief, from Sībawayh's and Ibn Jinnī's own sentences (linked); their words are under Reference.

Reference

How it is madeSībawayh and Ibn Jinnī · phonetics

English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic

ف

ومن باطن الشفة السفلى وأطراف الثنايا العلى مخرج الفاء

From the inside of the lower lip and the edges of the upper front teeth is the place of the fāʾ. Sībawayh, line 26562 ↗

ومن باطن الشفة السفلى وأطراف الثنايا العلى، مخرج الفاء

From the inside of the lower lip and the edges of the upper front teeth is the place of the fāʾ. Ibn Jinnī, line 985 ↗

ر

ومن مخرج النون غير أنه أدخل في ظهر اللسان قليلا لانحرافه إلى اللام مخرج الراء

From the place of the nūn, except that it goes a little further onto the back of the tongue, because it leans towards the lām, is the place of the rāʾ. Sībawayh, lines 26557–26558 ↗

ومن مخرج النون غير أنه أدخل في ظهر اللسان قليلا، لانحرافه إلى اللام، مخرج الراء

From the place of the nūn, except that it goes a little further onto the back of the tongue, because it leans towards the lām, is the place of the rāʾ. Ibn Jinnī, lines 980–981 ↗

ع

ومن أوسط الحلق مخرج العين والحاء

From the middle of the throat is the place of the ʿayn and the ḥāʾ. Sībawayh, lines 26548–26549 ↗

ومن وسط الحلق مخرج العين والحاء

From the middle of the throat is the place of the ʿayn and the ḥāʾ. Ibn Jinnī, line 970 ↗

ن

ومن حافة اللسان من أدناها إلى منتهى طرف اللسان ما بينها وبين ما يليها من الحنك الأعلى وما فويق الثنايا مخرج النون

From the edge of the tongue, from its nearest part to the end of its tip, between it and the upper palate next to it and what is just above the front teeth, is the place of the nūn. Sībawayh, lines 26555–26556 ↗

ومن طرف اللسان بينه وبين ما فويق الثنايا، مخرج النون

From the tip of the tongue, between it and what is just above the front teeth, is the place of the nūn. Ibn Jinnī, line 979 ↗

Sībawayh, al-Kitāb (ed. Hārūn) and Ibn Jinnī, Sirr ṣināʿat al-iʿrāb; OpenITI digital texts (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Full credits on each letter's page.

In the Breath of the All-MercifulIbn ʿArabī · metaphysics

English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic

ف

Level of existence: الملائكة · the angels

Divine Name: القوى · the Strong (al-Qawī)

Lunar mansion: سعد الأخبية · Saʿd al-Akhbiya

Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 65823

Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 10 line 2573 ↗

Nature (ch. 2)

المرتبة العشرية فحروفها حارة يابسة

The tenfold rank: its letters are hot and dry.

Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2582

ر

Level of existence: السماء الخامسة · the fifth heaven

Divine Name: المصور · the Form-Giver (al-Muṣawwir)

Lunar mansion: الغفر · al-Ghafr

Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 64675

Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 10 line 2573 ↗

Nature (ch. 2)

المرتبة العشرية فحروفها حارة يابسة

The tenfold rank: its letters are hot and dry.

Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2582

ع

Level of existence: الطبيعة · Nature

Divine Name: الباطن · The Inward (al-Bāṭin)

Lunar mansion: الثريا · al-Thurayyā (the Pleiades)

Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 63825

Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 9 line 2572 ↗

ن

Level of existence: السماء الرابعة · the fourth heaven

Divine Name: النور · the Light (al-Nūr)

Lunar mansion: السماك · al-Simāk

Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 64663

Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 8 line 2571 ↗

Nature (ch. 2)

الثمانية فحروفها حارة يابسة

The eightfold [rank]: its letters are hot and dry.

Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2580
Meaning by vowelal-Dabbāgh · a visionary claim about a primordial “Syriac”, not historical Syriac

English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic

ف

With fatḥa ـَ

فهي لنفي الخبث بعد ما كان جنسه معلوما بالخبث، فهي إشارة إلى أنه طاهر وجنسه خبيث، والخبث مثل المعاصي وما أشبهها.

It is for negating foulness in something whose genus is known for foulness. It thus indicates that the thing is pure while its genus is foul; foulness being like sins and the like.

With ḍamma ـُ

فهي لتزويل الخبث.

It is for removing foulness.

With kasra ـِ

فهي إشارة إلى الذات وما احتوت عليه، وفي بعض الأحيان قد يكون معها التقليل.

It is an indication of the self and what it contains; at times it may carry a sense of diminution.

al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-Lamaṭī

ر

With fatḥa ـَ

فهي إشارة إلى جميع الخيرات الظاهرة والباطنة.

It is an indication of all goods, outward and inward.

With ḍamma ـُ

فهي إشارة إلى الواحد في نفسه وهو ظاهر.

It is an indication of the one in itself, and it is manifest.

With kasra ـِ

فهي إشارة إلى الشيء الذي فيه الروح وليس من بني آدم، أو إشارة إلى الروح نفسها.

It is an indication of a thing that has spirit in it but is not of the children of Adam, or an indication of the spirit itself.

al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-Lamaṭī

ع

With fatḥa ـَ

فهي اسم لقدوم أو رحيل.

It is a name for arrival or departure.

With ḍamma ـُ

فهي اسم للساكن في الذات التي تقوم به.

It is a name for that which dwells in the self and by which the self subsists.

With kasra ـِ

فهي اسم لخبث الذات.

It is a name for the foulness of the self.

al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-Lamaṭī

ن

With fatḥa ـَ

فهي الخير الساكن في الذات الشاعل فيها.

It is the good that dwells in the self, kindling [al-shāʿil, as written] within it.

With ḍamma ـُ

فهي إشارة إلى الخير الكامل أو النور الساطع.

It is an indication of perfect good or radiant light.

With kasra ـِ

فهي إشارة إلى شيء يدركه المتكلم أو هو له.

It is an indication of something that the speaker perceives or that belongs to him.

al-Dabbāgh (d. 1132/1719), al-Ibrīz, ch. 2 §15, compiled by al-Lamaṭī
Two-letter nucleus14 roots in Ibn Fāris’s chapterف ر

Ibn Fāris groups his roots under two-letter chapters (“the X and the Y and what makes them three”). These are the roots of this root's chapter with the core sense he gives each. Setting them side by side is our juxtaposition; he does not himself draw a shared meaning. His chapter heading, line 24852 ↗

  • فرزالفاء والراء والزاء أصيل يدل على عزل الشيء عن غيرهL24853
  • فرسالفاء والراء والسين أصيل يدل على وطء الشيء ودقة يقولون فرس عنقه إذا دقها ويكون ذلك من دق العنق من الذبيحة ثم صير كل قتل فرساL24854
  • فرصالفاء والراء والصاد أصل صحيح يدل على اقتطاع شيء عن شيءL24884
  • فرضالفاء والراء والضاد أصل صحيح يدل على تأثير في شيء من حز أو غيره فالفرض الحز في الشيءQ 18 · L24894
  • فرطالفاء والراء والطاء أصل صحيح يدل على إزالة شيء عن مكانه وتنحيته عنهQ 8 · L24910
  • فرعالفاء والراء والعين أصل صحيح يدل على علو وارتفاع وسمو وسبوغQ 1 · L24933
  • فرغالفاء والراء والغين أصل صحيح يدل على خلو وسعة ذرعQ 6 · L24950
  • فرقالفاء والراء والقاف أصيل صحيح يدل على تمييز وتزييل بين شيئينQ 72 · L24960
  • فركالفاء والراء والكاف أصل يدل على استرخاء في الشيء وتفتيل لهL24985
  • فرمالفاء والراء والميم كلمة واحدة أظنها ليست عربية وهو الاستفرام يقولون هو أن تحتشي المرأة شيئا تضيق به ما تحت إزارهاL24991
  • فرهالفاء والراء والهاء كلمة تدل على أشر وحذقQ 1 · L24996
  • فرثالفاء والراء والثاء أصيل يدل على شيء متفتتQ 1 · L25018
  • فرجالفاء والراء والجيم أصل صحيح يدل على تفتح في الشيءQ 9 · L25021
  • فرحالفاء والراء والحاء أصلان يدل أحدهما على خلاف الحزن والآخر الإثقالQ 22 · L25035
In the sister scriptsHebrew פ ר ע נSyriac ܦ ܪ ܥ ܢ
Arabicف ر ع ن
Hebrewפ ר ע נ
Syriacܦ ܪ ܥ ܢ
Ancient South Arabian (musnad)𐩰 𐩧 𐩲 𐩬
Phoenician𐤐 𐤓 𐤏 𐤍

Letter for letter, by the regular sound correspondences of the Semitic languages (Arabic keeps several sounds the others merged). This shows how the root would be spelled; whether a related word exists is a separate question, answered in the Semitic lens. Where an Arabic sibilant (s, sh) continues two older sounds, both spellings are shown.

Reference

Neighbouring rootsThe roots that share letters with this one, as a map you can open out