Root · 0 in the Quran · 1 in 1 text of the library
قنفذ (root qnfdh)
The family of the root
Patterns computed · our dataThe words of ق ن ف ذ that our sources attest: the root's letters in green, the added letters in gold.
2 words1 other noun1 plural
- قُنْفُذthe male hedge-hog
- قَنَافِذplural of the male hedge-hog
The whole family2 groups, by pattern; tap a pattern to see what it does
Other nouns1قُنْفُذ
Nouns on other patterns; their meaning is learned word by word.grammar →
- قُنْفُذthe male hedge-hogLanenounlibrary ×1Lane
Plurals1قَنَافِذ
Broken plurals rebuild the word on a new pattern; sound plurals add an ending.grammar →
- قَنَافِذplural of the male hedge-hogfrom the singularbroken plural of قُنْفُذlibrary ×1Lane
Reference
Why this shape?What each of the 2 patterns does
What each pattern does. The pattern gives a tendency, not a rule: many words have drifted into meanings of their own.
About thisWhat “attested” means here; the sources
Attested means found in our data: the Quranic Arabic Corpus (lemmas, verb Forms, participles, verbal nouns, plurals), the library's words (automatic analysis), Lane's Lexicon (his headwords, the Forms he numbers, the verbal nouns and plurals he names) and Ibn Fāris's entry. Nothing is generated for this list. Meanings are Lane's first gloss in his entry, or else the analyser's gloss (“auto”). Vowelling follows the corpus, then Lane, then the analyser; verbs are given in the regular perfect. Lane's Lexicon thins out after qāf, and a few of his entries cover several roots at once: those roots show no Lane. The patterns, written with ف ع ل, are computed by us.
The dictionaries
No dictionary entry found for this root.
Letters & sound
- قqāffar back of the tongue · voiced, stopSīb. · I. Jinnī
- نnūntip of the tongue · voiced, in betweenSīb. · I. Jinnī
- فfāʾlower lip and upper teeth · voiceless, continuantSīb. · I. Jinnī
- ذdhāltongue-tip, edges of the teeth · voiced, continuantSīb. · I. Jinnī
How each letter is made, in brief, from Sībawayh's and Ibn Jinnī's own sentences (linked); their words are under Reference.
Reference
How it is madeSībawayh and Ibn Jinnī · phonetics
English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic AI
ق
ومن أقصى اللسان وما فوقه من الحنك الأعلى مخرج القاف
From the furthest part of the tongue and the upper palate above it is the place of the qāf. Sībawayh, line 26550 ↗
ومما فوق ذلك من أقصى اللسان، مخرج القاف
From above that, at the furthest part of the tongue, is the place of the qāf. Ibn Jinnī, line 972 ↗
ن
ومن حافة اللسان من أدناها إلى منتهى طرف اللسان ما بينها وبين ما يليها من الحنك الأعلى وما فويق الثنايا مخرج النون
From the edge of the tongue, from its nearest part to the end of its tip, between it and the upper palate next to it and what is just above the front teeth, is the place of the nūn. Sībawayh, lines 26555–26556 ↗
ومن طرف اللسان بينه وبين ما فويق الثنايا، مخرج النون
From the tip of the tongue, between it and what is just above the front teeth, is the place of the nūn. Ibn Jinnī, line 979 ↗
ف
ومن باطن الشفة السفلى وأطراف الثنايا العلى مخرج الفاء
From the inside of the lower lip and the edges of the upper front teeth is the place of the fāʾ. Sībawayh, line 26562 ↗
ومن باطن الشفة السفلى وأطراف الثنايا العلى، مخرج الفاء
From the inside of the lower lip and the edges of the upper front teeth is the place of the fāʾ. Ibn Jinnī, line 985 ↗
ذ
ومما بين طرف اللسان وأطراف الثنايا مخرج الظاء والذال، والثاء
From between the tip of the tongue and the edges of the front teeth is the place of the ẓāʾ, the dhāl and the thāʾ. Sībawayh, line 26561 ↗
ومما بين طرف اللسان وأطراف الثنايا، مخرج الظاء والذال والثاء
From between the tip of the tongue and the edges of the front teeth is the place of the ẓāʾ, the dhāl and the thāʾ. Ibn Jinnī, line 984 ↗
Sībawayh, al-Kitāb (ed. Hārūn) and Ibn Jinnī, Sirr ṣināʿat al-iʿrāb; OpenITI digital texts (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Full credits on each letter's page.
In the Breath of the All-MercifulIbn ʿArabī · metaphysics
English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic AI
ق
Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 10 line 2573 ↗
Nature (ch. 2)
المرتبة العشرية فحروفها حارة يابسة
The tenfold rank: its letters are hot and dry.
Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2582ن
Level of existence: السماء الرابعة · the fourth heaven
Divine Name: النور · the Light (al-Nūr)
Lunar mansion: السماك · al-Simāk
Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 64663Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 8 line 2571 ↗
Nature (ch. 2)
الثمانية فحروفها حارة يابسة
The eightfold [rank]: its letters are hot and dry.
Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2580ف
Level of existence: الملائكة · the angels
Divine Name: القوى · the Strong (al-Qawī)
Lunar mansion: سعد الأخبية · Saʿd al-Akhbiya
Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 65823Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 10 line 2573 ↗
Nature (ch. 2)
المرتبة العشرية فحروفها حارة يابسة
The tenfold rank: its letters are hot and dry.
Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2582ذ
Level of existence: الحيوان · animals
Divine Name: المذل · the Abaser (al-Mudhill)
Lunar mansion: سعد السعود · Saʿd al-Suʿūd
Futūḥāt ch. 198, line 65776Spheres of its simples (ch. 2): 10 line 2573 ↗
Nature (ch. 2)
المرتبة العشرية فحروفها حارة يابسة
The tenfold rank: its letters are hot and dry.
Ibn ʿArabī, al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya, line 2582Meaning by vowelal-Dabbāgh · a visionary claim about a primordial “Syriac”, not historical Syriac
English throughout: AI translation of the Arabic AI
ق
With fatḥa ـَ
فهي إشارة إلى حيازة الخيرات أو إلى جميع الأنوار.
It is an indication of the acquisition of goods, or of all lights.
With ḍamma ـُ
فهي إشارة إلى النشأة الأصلية أو العلم القديم وما أشبه ذلك.
It is an indication of the original creation, or eternal knowledge, and the like.
With kasra ـِ
فهي إشارة إلى الذل.
It is an indication of abasement.
ن
With fatḥa ـَ
فهي الخير الساكن في الذات الشاعل فيها.
It is the good that dwells in the self, kindling [al-shāʿil, as written] within it.
With ḍamma ـُ
فهي إشارة إلى الخير الكامل أو النور الساطع.
It is an indication of perfect good or radiant light.
With kasra ـِ
فهي إشارة إلى شيء يدركه المتكلم أو هو له.
It is an indication of something that the speaker perceives or that belongs to him.
ف
With fatḥa ـَ
فهي لنفي الخبث بعد ما كان جنسه معلوما بالخبث، فهي إشارة إلى أنه طاهر وجنسه خبيث، والخبث مثل المعاصي وما أشبهها.
It is for negating foulness in something whose genus is known for foulness. It thus indicates that the thing is pure while its genus is foul; foulness being like sins and the like.
With ḍamma ـُ
فهي لتزويل الخبث.
It is for removing foulness.
With kasra ـِ
فهي إشارة إلى الذات وما احتوت عليه، وفي بعض الأحيان قد يكون معها التقليل.
It is an indication of the self and what it contains; at times it may carry a sense of diminution.
ذ
With fatḥa ـَ
فهي إشارة إلى ما في تعظيم ذلك الشيء الذي ملكته الذات.
It is an indication of what lies in the magnifying of that thing which the self has come to possess.
With ḍamma ـُ
فهي اسم للشيء الخشن في ذاته أو العظيم أو القبيح.
It is a name for the thing that is rough in itself, or great, or ugly.
With kasra ـِ
فهي اسم للشيء القبيح الذي لا يعقبه في نفسه غضب.
It is a name for the ugly thing that is not followed, in itself, by anger.
Two-letter nucleus11 roots in Ibn Fāris’s chapterق ن
Ibn Fāris groups his roots under two-letter chapters (“the X and the Y and what makes them three”). These are the roots of this root's chapter with the core sense he gives each. Setting them side by side is our juxtaposition; he does not himself draw a shared meaning. His chapter heading, line 25621 ↗
- قنبالقاف والنون والباء اصل يدل على جمع وتجمعL25642
- قنتالقاف والنون والتاء أصل صحيح يدل على طاعة وخير في دين لا يعدو هذا الباب والأصل فيه الطاعةQ 13 · L25649
- قنحالقاف والنون والحاء ليس هو عندنا أصلا على أنهم يقولون قنح الشارب إذا روى فرفع رأسه ريا وهذا من قمح من باب الإبدال وقد مر ذكره ومن طرائف ابن دريد قنحت L25655
- قندالقاف والنون والدال كلمتان زعموا أنهما صحيحتانL25659
- قنرالقاف والنون والراء كلمة القنور الضخم الرأسL25662
- قنسالقاف والنون والسين أصيل صحيح يدل على ثبات شيءL25664
- قنصالقاف والنون والصاد كلمة واحدة تدل على الصيد قط فالقانص الصائد والقنص الصيد والقنص فعل القانصL25671
- قنطالقاف والنون والطاء كلمة صحيحة تدل على اليأس من الشيءQ 6 · L25675
- قنعالقاف والنون والعين أصلان صحيحان أحدهما يدل على الإقبال على الشيء ثم تختلف معانيه مع اتفاق القياس والآخر يدل على استدارة في شيءQ 2 · L25679
- قنفالقاف والنون والفاء أصيل يدل على تجمع في شيءL25699
- قنمالقاف والنون والميم كلمة واحدة يقولون قنم الشيء قنما إذا ندى ثم ركبه غبار فتوسخ ويكون ذلك في شعور الخيل والإبلL25704
In the sister scriptsHebrew ק נ פ זSyriac ܩ ܢ ܦ ܕ
| Arabic | ق ن ف ذ |
| Hebrew | ק נ פ ז |
| Syriac | ܩ ܢ ܦ ܕ |
| Ancient South Arabian (musnad) | 𐩤 𐩬 𐩰 𐩹 |
| Phoenician | 𐤒 𐤍 𐤐 𐤆 |
Letter for letter, by the regular sound correspondences of the Semitic languages (Arabic keeps several sounds the others merged). This shows how the root would be spelled; whether a related word exists is a separate question, answered in the Semitic lens. Where an Arabic sibilant (s, sh) continues two older sounds, both spellings are shown.
Reference