The Diptote: Nouns That Do Not Take Ṣarf

Verses 649–675 · chapter 56 of 78

The chapter defines ṣarf as the tanwīn that marks a noun as fully noun-like (amkan) and lists the causes that withhold it. Some features block ṣarf on their own: the feminine alif and the plural of the pattern mafāʿil/mafāʿīl. Other nouns are blocked when descriptiveness or proper-name status (ʿalamiyya) combines with a second cause, such as the added -ān, a verbal pattern, ʿadl, feminine gender, foreignness, compounding, or the alif of ilḥāq. It closes with the Tamīmī and Ḥijāzī treatments of faʿāli, defective diptotes like jawārin, and the licences of poetic necessity and matching. ✦AI

Topics:The genitiveMasculine and feminine

1. 649

   الصَّرْفُ تَنْوِينٌ أَتَى مُبَيِّنَا

   مَعْنًى بِهِ يَكُونُ الِاسْمُ أَمْكَنَا

   الرَّجَزal-rajaz›––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ

   Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

   وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

   It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

   Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

   Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

   Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

   Ṣarf is a tanwīn that comes to show a meaning by which the noun is amkan [fully established in nounhood, resembling the verb in nothing], e.g. Zaydun, rajulun.

   OpenITI line 852 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

   Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 649Arabic

   الاسم إن اشبه الحرف سمى مبنيا وغير متمكن وإن لم يشبه الحرف سمى معربا ومتمكنا

   Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6338 · vol. 3, p. 319 ↗

   ثم المعرب على قسمين

   أحدهما ما أشبه الفعل ويسمى غير منصرف ومتمكنا غير أمكن

   والثاني ما لم يشبه الفعل ويسمى منصرفا ومتمكنا أمكن

   وعلامة المنصرف أن يجر بالكسرة مع الألف واللام والإضافة وبدونهما وأن يدخله الصرف وهو التنوين الذي لغير مقابلة أو تعويض الدال على معنى يستحق به الاسم أن يسمى أمكن وذلك المعنى هو عدم شبهه الفعل نحو مررت بغلام وغلام زيد والغلام

   واحترز بقوله لغير مقابلة من تنوين أذرعات ونحوه فإنه تنوين جمع المؤنث السالم وهو يصحب غير المنصرف كأذرعات وهندات علم امرأة وقد سبق الكلام في تسميته تنوين المقابلة

   واحترز بقوله أو تعويض من تنوين جوار وغواش ونحوهما فإنه عوض من الياء والتقدير جوارى وغواشي وهو يصحب غير المنصرف كهذين المثالين وأما المنصرف فلا يدخل عليه هذا التنوين

   ويجر بالفتحة إن لم يضف أو لم تدخل عليه أل نحو مررت باحمد فإن أضيف أو دخلت عليه أل جر بالكسرة نحو مررت بأحمدكم وبالأحمد

   وإنما يمنع الاسم من الصرف إذا وجد فيه علتان من علل تسع أو واحدة منها تقوم مقام العلتين والعلل يجمعها قوله

   عدل ووصف وتأنيث ومعرفة … وعجمة ثم جمع ثم تركيب

   والنون زائدة من قبلها ألف … ووزن فعل وهذا القول تقريب

   وما يقوم مقام علتين منها اثنان أحدهما ألف التأنيث مقصورة كانت كحبلى أو ممدودة كحمراء والثاني الجمع المتناهي كمساجد ومصابيح وسيأتي الكلام عليها مفصلا

2. 650

   فَأَلِفُ التَّأْنِيثِ مُطْلَقًا مَنَعْ

   صَرْفَ الَّذِي حَوَاهُ كَيْفَمَا وَقَعْ

   الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ

   Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

   وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

   It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

   Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

   Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

   Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

   The alif of the feminine, whether shortened or lengthened [with hamza], withholds ṣarf from the word that contains it, however that word occurs [noun or adjective, definite or indefinite, singular or plural], e.g. ḥublā, ṣaḥrāʾ, jarḥā, aṣdiqāʾ.

   OpenITI line 853 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

   Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 650Arabic

   قد سبق أن ألف التأنيث تقوم مقام علتين وهو المراد هنا فيمنع ما فيه ألف التأنيث من الصرف مطلقا أي سواء كانت الألف مقصورة ك حبلى أو ممدودة ك حمراء علما كان ما هي فيه ك زكرياء أو غير علم كما مثل

   Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6363 · vol. 3, p. 321 ↗
3. 651

   وَزَائِدَا فَعْلَانَ فِي وَصْفٍ سَلِمْ

   مِنْ أَنْ يُرَى بِتَاءِ تَأْنِيثٍ خُتِمْ

   الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ

   Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

   وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

   It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

   Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

   Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

   Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

   And the two added letters of faʿlān [-ān also withhold ṣarf] in an adjective that is kept from being seen ending in the tāʾ of the feminine, e.g. sakrān, whose feminine is sakrā [nadmān, feminine nadmāna, takes ṣarf].

   OpenITI line 854 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

   Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 651Arabic

   أي يمنع الاسم من الصرف للصفة وزيادة الألف والنون بشرط أن لا يكون المؤنث في ذلك مختوما بتاء التأنيث وذلك نحو سكران وعطشان وغضبان فتقول هذا سكران ورأيت سكران ومررت بسكران فتمنعه من الصرف للصفة وزيادة الألف والنون والشرط موجود فيه لأنك لا تقول للمؤنثة سكرانة وإنما تقول سكرى وكذلك عطشان وغضبان فتقول امرأة عطشى وغضبى ولا تقول عطشانة ولا غضبانة

   Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6367 · vol. 3, p. 321 ↗

   فإن كان المذكر على فعلان والمؤنث على فعلانة صرفت فتقول هذا رجل سيفان أي طويل ورأيت رجلا سيفاتا ومررت برجل سيفان فتصرفه لأنك تقول للمؤنثة سيفانة أي طويلة

4. 652

   وَوَصْفٌ اَصْلِيٌّ وَوَزْنُ أَفْعَلَا

   مَمْنُوعَ تَأْنِيثٍ بِتَا كَأَشْهَلَا

   Metre: not scanned›

   As vowelled here, this verse does not fit al-rajaz, the metre of the poem; it is left unscanned rather than forced.

   Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

   وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

   It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

   Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

   Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

   Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

   And original descriptiveness together with the pattern afʿal, when the word cannot take a feminine in tāʾ [also withholds ṣarf], as in ashhal 'grey-blue-eyed' (feminine shahlāʾ) [armal, feminine armala, takes ṣarf].

   OpenITI line 855 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

   Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 652Arabic

   أي وتمنع الصفة أيضا بشرط كونها أصلية أي غير عارضة إذا انضم إليها كونها على وزن أفعل ولم تقبل التاء نحو أحمر وأخضر

   Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6377 · vol. 3, p. 322 ↗

   فإن قبلت التاء صرفت نحو مررت برجل أرمل أي فقير فتصرفه لأنك تقول للمؤنثة أرملة بخلاف أحمر وأخضر فإنهما لا ينصرفان إذ يقال للمؤنثة حمراء وخضراء ولا يقال أحمرة وأخضرة فمنعا للصفة ووزن الفعل

   وإن كانت الصفة عارضة كأربع فإنه ليس صفة في الأصل بل اسم عدد ثم استعمل صفة في قولهم مررت بنسوة أربع فلا يؤثر ذلك في منعه من الصرف وإليه أشار بقوله

5. 653

   وَأَلْغِيَنَّ عَارِضَ الْوَصْفِيَّهْ

   كَأَرْبَعٍ وَعَارِضَ الِاسْمِيَّهْ

   Metre: not scanned›

   As vowelled here, this verse does not fit al-rajaz, the metre of the poem; it is left unscanned rather than forced.

   Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

   وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

   It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

   Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

   Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

   Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

   Disregard descriptiveness that is only incidental, as with arbaʿ [a number used adjectivally: bi-niswatin arbaʿin, which keeps ṣarf], and disregard nominality that is only incidental [to a word that was originally an adjective].

   OpenITI line 856 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗
6. 654

   فَالْأَدْهَمُ الْقَيْدُ لِكَوْنِهِ وُضِعْ

   فِي الْأَصْلِ وَصْفًا انْصِرَافُهُ مُنِعْ

   الرَّجَزal-rajaz›––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ

   Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

   وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

   It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

   Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

   Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

   Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

   So adham in the sense 'fetter' is denied ṣarf, because it was originally coined as an adjective ['black'].

   OpenITI line 857 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗
7. 655

   وَأَجْدَلٌ وَأَخْيَلٌ وَأَفْعَى

   مَصْرُوفَةٌ وَقَدْ يَنَلْنَ الْمَنْعَا

   الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪––فَعُولُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–––مَفْعُولُنْ

   Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

   وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

   It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

   Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

   Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

   Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

   Ajdal 'falcon', akhyal 'a speckled bird', and afʿā 'viper' take ṣarf [they are nouns in origin], though they are sometimes denied it [because a descriptive sense is felt in them: strength, speckling, malice].

   OpenITI line 858 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗AI vowelling differs in letters from OpenITI

   AI note on the transcription: وَأَجْدَلٌ وَأَخْيَلٌ وَأَفْعَى — the transcription's وأنعى has nūn in place of fāʾ; the word is afʿā 'viper', the noun on the afʿal pattern that the verse is discussing.

   Ibn ʿAqīl on verses 653–655Arabic

   أي إذا كان استعمال الاسم على وزن أفعل صفة ليس بأصل وإنما هو عارض كأربع فألغه أي لا تعتد به في منع الصرف كما لا تعتد بعروض الاسمية فيما هو صفة في الأصل كأدهم للقيد فإنه صفة في الأصل لشيء فيه سواد ثم استعمل استعمال الأسماء فيطلق على كل قيد أدهم ومع هذا تمنعه نظرا إلى الأصل

   Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6388 · vol. 3, p. 323 ↗

   وأشار بقوله وأجدل إلى آخره إلى أن هذه الألفاظ أعنى أجدلا للصقر وأخيلا لطائر وأفعى للحية ليست بصفات فكان حقها أن لا تمنع من الصرف ولكن منعها بعضهم لتخيل الوصف فيها فتخيل في أجدل معنى القوة وفي أخيل معنى التخيل وفي أفعى معنى الخبث فمنعها لوزن الفعل والصفة المتخيلة والكثير فيها الصرف إذ لا وصفية فيها محققة

8. 656

   وَمَنْعُ عَدْلٍ مَعَ وَصْفٍ مُعْتَبَرْ

   فِي لَفْظِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَأُخَرْ

   الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ

   Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

   وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

   It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

   Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

   Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

   Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

   Withholding [ṣarf] by ʿadl [deflection from an original form] together with descriptiveness is recognised in the words mathnā, thulāth [deflected from ithnayn ithnayn, thalātha thalātha], and ukhar [deflected from al-ukhar].

   OpenITI line 859 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗
9. 657

   وَوَزْنُ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ كَهُمَا

   مِنْ وَاحِدٍ لِأَرْبَعٍ فَلْيُعْلَمَا

   الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ

   Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

   وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

   It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

   Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

   Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

   Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

   The patterns of mathnā and thulāth [mafʿal and fuʿāl], formed from the numbers one to four, are like these two, so let this be known: uḥād/mawḥad, thunāʾ/mathnā, thulāth/mathlath, rubāʿ/marbaʿ.

   OpenITI line 861 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

   Ibn ʿAqīl on verses 656–657Arabic

   مما يمنع صرف الاسم العدل والصفة وذلك في أسماء العدد المبنية على فعال ومفعل كثلاث ومثنى فثلاث معدولة عن ثلاثة ثلاثة ومثنى معدولة عن اثنين اثنين فتقول جاء القوم ثلاث أي ثلاثة ثلاثة ومثنى أي اثنين اثنين

   Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6400 · vol. 3, p. 325 ↗

   وسمع استعمال هذين الوزنين أعني فعال ومفعل من واحد واثنين وثلاثة وأربعة نحو أحاد وموحد وثناء ومثنى وثلاث ومثلث ورباع ومربع وسمع أيضا في خمسة وعشرة نحو خماس ومخمس وعشار ومعشر

   وزعم بعضهم أنه سمع أيضا في ستة وسبعة وثمانية وتسعة نحو سداس ومسدس وسباع ومسبع وثمان ومثمن وتساع ومتسع

   ومما يمنع من الصرف للعدل والصفة أخر التي في قولك مررت بنسوة أخر وهو معدول عن الأخر

   وتلخص من كلام المصنف أن الصفة تمنع مع الألف والنون الزائدتين ومع وزن الفعل ومع العدل

10. 658

    وَكُنْ لِجَمْعٍ مُشْبِهٍ مَفَاعِلَا

    أَوِ الْمَفَاعِيلَ بِمَنْعٍ كَافِلَا

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    Assign withholding [of ṣarf] to a plural resembling mafāʿil or mafāʿīl [the 'furthest plural'], e.g. masājid, maṣābīḥ, dawāhim.

    OpenITI line 862 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 658Arabic

    هذه هي العلة الثانية التي تستقل بالمنع وهي الجمع المتناهي وضابطه كل جمع بعد ألف تكسيره حرفان أو ثلاثة أوسطها ساكن نحو مساجد ومصابيح

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6413 · vol. 3, p. 326 ↗

    ونبه بقوله مشبه مفاعلا أو المفاعيل على أنه إذا كان الجمع على هذا الوزن منع وإن لم يكن في أوله ميم فيدخل ضوارب وقناديل في ذلك فإن تحرك الثاني صرف نحو صياقلة

11. 659

    وَذَا اعْتِلَالٍ مِنْهُ كَالْجَوَارِي

    رَفْعًا وَجَرًّا أَجْرِهِ كَسَارِي

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪––فَعُولُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪––فَعُولُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    The one of these plurals with a weak final letter, like al-jawārī, treat in the nominative and genitive like sārin [dropping the yāʾ and adding tanwīn: jawārin, bi-jawārin]; [in the accusative it is ra'aytu jawāriya].

    OpenITI line 863 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗AI vowelling differs in letters from OpenITI

    AI note on the transcription: وَذَا اعْتِلَالٍ مِنْهُ كَالْجَوَارِي — the transcription's كالحواري has ḥāʾ in place of jīm; the standard example is al-jawārī 'maidservants', and bayt 674 refers back to it as جوار.

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 659Arabic

    إذا كان هذا الجمع أعني صيغة منتهى الجموع معتل الآخر أجريته في الجر والرفع مجرى المنقوص ك سارى فتنونه وتقدر رفعه أو جره ويكون التنوين عوضا عن الياء المحذوفة وأما في النصب فتثبت الياء وتحركها بالفتح بغير تنوين فتقول هؤلاء جوار وغواش ومررت بجوار وغواش ورأيت جوارى وغواشي والأصل في الجر والرفع جوارى وغواشي فحذفت الياء وعوض منها التنوين

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6419 · vol. 3, p. 326 ↗
12. 660

    وَلِسَرَاوِيلَ بِهَذَا الْجَمْعِ

    شَبَهٌ اقْتَضَى عُمُومَ الْمَنْعِ

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ–––مَفْعُولُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–––مَفْعُولُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    Sarāwīl 'trousers' [a singular] resembles this plural, and the resemblance requires that withholding [of ṣarf] cover it too.

    OpenITI line 864 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 660Arabic

    يعني أن سراويل لما كانت صيغته كصيغة منتهى الجموع امتنع من الصرف لشبهه به وزعم بعضهم أنه يجوز فيه الصرف وتركه واختار المصنف أنه لا ينصرف ولهذا قال شبه اقتضى عموم المنع

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6425 · vol. 3, p. 327 ↗
13. 661

    وَإِنْ بِهِ سُمِّيَ أَوْ بِمَا لَحِقْ

    بِهِ فَالِانْصِرَافُ مَنْعُهُ يَحِقّْ

    Metre: not scanned›

    As vowelled here, this verse does not fit al-rajaz, the metre of the poem; it is left unscanned rather than forced.

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    If something is named with such a plural, or with a word attached to it [in pattern, like sarāwīl], then it is right to withhold ṣarf from it, e.g. a man named Masājid or Sarāwīl.

    OpenITI line 865 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 661Arabic

    أي إذا سمى بالجمع المتناهى أو بما ألحق به لكونه على زنته كشراحيل فإنه يمنع من الصرف للعلمية وشبه العجمة لأن هذا ليس في الآحاد العربية ما هو على زنته فتقول فيمن اسمه مساجد أو مصابيح أو سراويل هذا مساجد ورأيت مساجد ومررت بمساجد وكذا البواقي

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6429 · vol. 3, p. 328 ↗
14. 662

    وَالْعَلَمَ امْنَعْ صَرْفَهُ مُرَكَّبَا

    تَرْكِيبَ مَزْجٍ نَحْوُ مَعْدِيكَرِبَا

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    Withhold ṣarf from a proper name compounded by blending [two words fused into one], e.g. Maʿdīkarib, Baʿlabakk.

    OpenITI line 866 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 662Arabic

    مما يمنع صرف الاسم العلمية والتركيب نحو معديكرب وبعلبك فتقول هذا معد يكرب ورأيت معديكرب ومررت بمعد يكرب فتجعل إعرابه على الجزء الثاني وتمنعه من الصرف للعلمية والتركيب

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6434 · vol. 3, p. 328 ↗

    وقد سبق الكلام في الأعلام المركبة في باب العلم

15. 663

    كَذَاكَ حَاوِي زَائِدَيْ فَعْلَانَا

    كَغَطَفَانَ وَكَأَصْبَهَانَا

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–––مَفْعُولُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ∪––فَعُولُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    Likewise [a proper name] containing the two added letters of faʿlān [-ān], e.g. Ghaṭafān and Aṣbahān.

    OpenITI line 867 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 663Arabic

    أي كذلك يمنع الاسم من الصرف إذا كان علما وفيه ألف ونون زائدتان كغطفان وأصبهان بفتح الهمزة وكسرها فنقول هذا غطفان ورأيت غطفان ومررت بغطفان فتمنعه من الصرف للعلمية وزيادة الألف والنون

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6439 · vol. 3, p. 329 ↗
16. 664

    كَذَا مُؤَنَّثٌ بِهَاءٍ مُطْلَقَا

    وَشَرْطُ مَنْعِ الْعَارِ كَوْنُهُ ارْتَقَى

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    Likewise [a proper name] feminine by hāʾ [tāʾ marbūṭa], without condition [whether it names a male or a female, and whatever its length], e.g. Fāṭima, Ṭalḥa, Hiba. The condition for withholding [ṣarf] from a feminine name without the hāʾ is that it rises…

    OpenITI line 868 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗
17. 665

    فَوْقَ الثَّلَاثِ أَوْ كَجُورَ أَوْ سَقَرْ

    أَوْ زَيْدٍ اسْمِ امْرَأَةٍ لَا اسْمِ ذَكَرْ

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    …above three letters [e.g. Suʿād, Zaynab], or is like Jūr [three letters and foreign] or Saqar [three letters with a vowelled middle], or like Zayd when it is a woman's name, not a man's [a name transferred from masculine to feminine use].

    OpenITI line 869 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗
18. 666

    وَجْهَانِ فِي الْعَادِمِ تَذْكِيرًا سَبَقْ

    وَعُجْمَةً كَهِنْدَ وَالْمَنْعُ أَحَقّْ

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    Two treatments are allowed for [a three-letter feminine name with a quiescent middle] that lacks prior masculine use and lacks foreignness, like Hind [Hindun or Hindu]; withholding ṣarf is the better choice.

    OpenITI line 870 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verses 664–666Arabic

    ومما يمنع صرفه أيضا العلمية والتأنيث

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6446 · vol. 3, p. 330 ↗

    فإن كان العلم مؤنثا بالهاء امتنع من الصرف مطلقا أي سواء كان علما لمذكر كطلحة أو لمؤنث كفاطمة زائدا على ثلاثة أحرف كما مثل أم لم يكن كذلك كثبة وقلة علمين

    وإن كان مؤنثا بالتعليق أي بكونه علم أنثى فإما أن يكون على ثلاثة أحرف أو على أزيد من ذلك فإن كان على أزيد من ذلك امتنع من الصرف كزينب وسعاد علمين فتقول هذه زينب ورأيت زينب ومررت بزينب وإن كان على ثلاثة أحرف فإن كان محرك الوسط منع أيضا كسقر وإن كان ساكن الوسط فإن كان أعجميا كجور اسم بلد أو منقولا من مذكر إلى مؤنث كزيد اسم امرأة منع أيضا

    فإن لم يكن كذلك يأن كان ساكن الوسط وليس أعجميا ولا منقولا من مذكر ففيه وجهان المنع والصرف والمنع أولى فتقول هذه هند ورأيت هند ومررت بهند

19. 667

    وَالْعَجَمِيُّ الْوَضْعِ وَالتَّعْرِيفِ مَعْ

    زَيْدٍ عَلَى الثَّلَاثِ صَرْفُهُ امْتَنَعْ

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    A word foreign in its coinage and in its definiteness [a proper name already in the foreign language], with more than three letters, is barred from ṣarf, e.g. Ibrāhīm, Ismāʿīl [three-letter Nūḥ, Lūṭ take ṣarf].

    OpenITI line 871 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 667Arabic

    ويمنع صرف الأسم أيضا العجمة والتعريف وشرطه أن يكون علما في اللسان الأعجمى وزائدا على ثلاثة أحرف كإبراهيم وإسماعيل فتقول هذا إبراهيم ورأيت إبراهيم ومررت بإبراهيم فتمنعه من الصرف للعلمية والعجمة

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6459 · vol. 3, p. 331 ↗

    فإن لم يكن الأعجمى علما في لسان العجم بل في لسان العرب أو كان نكرة فيهما كلجام علما أو غير علم صرفته فتقول هذا لجام ورأيت لجاما ومررت بلجام وكذلك تصرف ما كان علما أعجميا على ثلاثة أحرف سواء كان محرك الوسط كشتر أو ساكنة كنوح ولوط

20. 668

    كَذَاكَ ذُو وَزْنٍ يَخُصُّ الْفِعْلَا

    أَوْ غَالِبٍ كَأَحْمَدٍ وَيَعْلَى

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–––مَفْعُولُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪––فَعُولُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    Likewise [a proper name] with a pattern that belongs only to the verb [e.g. Shammara, Duʾila], or a pattern that is predominantly verbal, like Aḥmad and Yaʿlā.

    OpenITI line 872 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 668Arabic

    أي كذلك يمنع صرف الاسم إذا كان علما وهو على وزن يخص الفعل أو يغلب فيه

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6467 · vol. 3, p. 332 ↗

    والمراد بالوزن الذي يخص الفعل ما لا يوجد في غيره إلا ندورا وذلك كفعل وفعل فلو سميت رجلا بضرب أو كلم منعته من الصرف فتقول هذا ضرب أو كلم ورأيت ضرب أو كلم ومررت بضرب أو كلم

    والمراد بم يغلب فيه أن يكون الوزن يوجد في الفعل كثيرا أو يكون فيه زيادة تدل على معنى في الفعل ولا تدل على معنى في الاسم فالأول كإثمد وإصبع فإن هاتين الصيغتين يكثران في الفعل دون الأسم كأضرب وأسمع ونحوهما من الأمر المأخوذ من فعل ثلاثي فلو سميت رجلا بإثمد وإصبع منعته من الصرف للعلمية ووزن الفعل فتقول هذا إثمد ورأيت إثمد ومررت بإثمد والثاني كأحمد ويزيد فإن كلا من الهمزة والياء يدل على معنى في الفعل وهو التكلم والغيبة ولا يدل على معنى في الاسم فهذا الوزن غالب في الفعل بمعى أنه به أولى فتقول هذا أحمد ويزيد ورأيت أحمد ويزيد ومررت بأحمد ويزيد فيمنع للعلمية ووزن الفعل

    فإن كان الوزن غير مختص بالفعل ولا غالب فيه لم يمنع من الصرف فتقول في رجل اسمه ضرب هذا ضرب ورأيت ضربا ومررت بضرب لأنه يوجد في الاسم كحجر وفي الفعل كضرب

21. 669

    وَمَا يَصِيرُ عَلَمًا مِنْ ذِي أَلِفْ

    زِيدَتْ لِإِلْحَاقٍ فَلَيْسَ يَنْصَرِفْ

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    A word with an alif added for ilḥāq [to match another pattern] does not take ṣarf once it becomes a proper name, e.g. ʿAlqā, Arṭā as names.

    OpenITI line 873 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 669Arabic

    أي ويمنع صرف الاسم أيضا للعلمية وألف الإلحاق المقصورة كعلقى وأرطى فتقول فيهما علمين هذا علقي ورأيت علقي ومررت بعلقى فتمنعه من الصرف للعلمية وشبه ألف الإلحاق بألف التأنيث من جهة أن ما هي فيه والحالة هذه أعني حال كونه علما لا يقبل تاء التأنيث فلا تقول فيمن اسمه علقى علقاة كما لا تقول في حبلى حبلاة

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6484 · vol. 3, p. 333 ↗

    فإن كان ما فيه ألف الإلحاق غير علم كعلقى وأرطى قبل التسمية بهما صرفته لأنها والحالة هذه لا تشبه ألف التأنيث وكذا إن كانت ألف الإلحاق ممدودة كعلباء فإنك تصرف ما هي فيه علما كان أو نكرة

22. 670

    وَالْعَلَمَ امْنَعْ صَرْفَهُ إِنْ عُدِلَا

    كَفُعَلِ التَّوْكِيدِ أَوْ كَثُعَلَا

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    Withhold ṣarf from a proper name if it is deflected [maʿdūl from another form], like the fuʿal words of emphasis [jumaʿ, kutaʿ, as in jāʾa l-nisāʾu jumaʿu] or like Thuʿal [ʿUmar, Zufar, deflected from ʿĀmir, Zāfir].

    OpenITI line 874 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗
23. 671

    وَالْعَدْلُ وَالتَّعْرِيفُ مَانِعَا سَحَرْ

    إِذَا بِهِ التَّعْيِينُ قَصْدًا يُعْتَبَرْ

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    ʿAdl and definiteness together withhold ṣarf from saḥar 'the time before dawn' when a particular [day's] dawn is intended by it [used without al-, e.g. jiʾtu yawma l-jumʿati saḥara].

    OpenITI line 875 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verses 670–671Arabic

    يمنع صرف الاسم للعلمية أو شبهها وللعدل وذلك في ثلاثة مواضع

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6494 · vol. 3, p. 334 ↗

    الأول ما كان على فعل من ألفاظ التوكيد فإنه يمنع من الصرف لشبه العلمية والعدل وذلك نحو جاء النساء جمع ورأيت النساء جمع ومررت بالنساء جمع والأصل جمعاوات لأن مفرده جمعاء فعدل عن جمعاوات إلى جمع وهو معرف بالإضافة المقدرة أي جمعهن فأشبه تعريفه تعريف العلمية من جهة أنه معرفة وليس في اللفظ ما يعرفه

    الثاني العلم المعدول إلى فعل كعمر وزفر وثعل والأصل عامر وزافر وثاعل فمنعه من الصرف للعلمية والعدل

    الثالث سحر إذا أريد من يوم بعينه نحو جئتك يوم الجمعة سحر فسحر ممنوع من الصرف للعدل وشبه العلمية وذلك أنه معدول عن السحر لأنه معرفة والأصل في التعريف أن يكون بأل فعدل به عن ذلك وصار تعريفه كتعريف العلمية من جهة أنه لم يلفظ معه بمعرف

24. 672

    اِبْنِ عَلَى الْكَسْرِ فَعَالِ عَلَمَا

    مُؤَنَّثًا وَهْوَ نَظِيرُ جُشَمَا

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    Build faʿāl on kasr when it is a feminine proper name [the Ḥijāzī usage, e.g. Ḥadhāmi, Qaṭāmi in every case]; it is the counterpart of Jusham [i.e. declined as a diptote]…

    OpenITI line 876 · vol. 1, p. 55 ↗
25. 673

    عِنْدَ تَمِيمٍ وَاصْرِفَنْ مَا نُكِّرَا

    مِنْ كُلِّ مَا التَّعْرِيفُ فِيهِ أَثَّرَا

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    …in the usage of Tamīm. Give ṣarf to whatever is made indefinite among all the words in which definiteness had been a cause [of withholding], e.g. rubba Aḥmadin laqītuhu.

    OpenITI line 878 · vol. 1, p. 56 ↗

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verses 672–673Arabic

    أي إذا كان علم المؤنث على وزن فعال حذام ورقاش فللعرب فيه مذهبان

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6508 · vol. 3, p. 335 ↗

    أحدهما وهو مذهب أهل الحجاز بناؤه على الكسر فتقول هذه حذام ورأيت حذام ومررت بحذام

    والثاني وهو مذهب بني تميم إعرابه كإعراب ما لا ينصرف للعلمية والعدل والأصل حاذمة وراقشة فعدل إلى حذام ورقاش كما عدل عمر وجشم عن عامر وجاشم وإلى هذا أشار بقوله وهو نظير جشما عند تميم

    وأشار بقوله واصرفن ما نكرا إلى أن ما كان منعه من الصرف للعلمية وعلة أخرى إذا زالت عنه العلمية بتنكيره صرف لزوال إحدى العلتين وبقاؤه بعلة واحدة لا يقتضي منع الصرف وذلك نحو معد يكرب وغطفان وفاطمة وإبراهيم وأحمد وعلقى وعمر أعلاما فهذه ممنوعة من الصرف للعلمية وشيء آخر فإذا نكرتها صرفتها لزوال أحد سببيها وهو العلمية فتقول رب معد يكرب رأيت وكذا الباقي

    وتلخص من كلامه أن العلمية تمنع الصرف مع التركيب ومع زيادة الألف والنون ومع التأنيث ومع العجمة ومع وزن الفعل ومع ألف الإلحاق المقصورة ومع العدل

26. 674

    وَمَا يَكُونُ مِنْهُ مَنْقُوصًا فَفِي

    إِعْرَابِهِ نَهْجَ جَوَارٍ يَقْتَفِي

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    Whatever among these [diptote proper names] is manqūṣ [ends in -ī] follows the method of jawārin in its declension, e.g. a woman named Qāḍī: hādhihi Qāḍin, marartu bi-Qāḍin, raʾaytu Qāḍiya.

    OpenITI line 879 · vol. 1, p. 56 ↗

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 674Arabic

    كل منقوص كان نظيره من الصحيح الآخر ممنوعا من الصرف يعامل معاملة جوار في أنه ينون في الرفع والجر تنوين العوض وينصب بفتحة من غير تنوين وذلك نحو قاض علم امرأة فإن نظيره من الصحيح ضارب علم امرأة وهو ممنوع من الصرف للعلمية والتأنيث فقاض كذلك ممنوع من الصرف للعلمية والتأنيث وهو مشبه بجوار من جهة أن في آخره ياء قبلها كسرة فيعامل معاملته فتقول هذه قاض ومررت بقاض ورأيت قاضي كما تقول هؤلاء جوار ومررت بجوار ورأيت جوارى

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6523 · vol. 3, p. 337 ↗
27. 675

    وَلِاضْطِرَارٍ أَوْ تَنَاسُبٍ صُرِفْ

    ذُو الْمَنْعِ وَالْمَصْرُوفُ قَدْ لَا يَنْصَرِفْ

    الرَّجَزal-rajaz›∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ

    Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”

    وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن

    It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗

    Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).

    Scanned by rule English: AI translation ✦AI

    Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.

    For poetic necessity, or for matching [neighbouring words, e.g. salāsilan wa-aghlālan], a diptote may take ṣarf; and a noun that normally takes ṣarf is sometimes denied it [in poetry].

    OpenITI line 880 · vol. 1, p. 56 ↗

    Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 675Arabic

    يجوز في الضرورة صرف ما لا ينصرف وذلك كقوله 320 ( تبصر خليلي هل ترى من ظعائن …

    Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6530 · vol. 3, p. 338 ↗

    وهو كثير وأجمع عليه البصريون والكوفيون

    وورد أيضا صرفه للتناسب كقوله تعالى ﴿ سلاسل وأغلالا وسعيرا ﴾ فصرف سلاسل لمناسبة ما بعده

    وأما منع المنصرف من الصرف للضرورة فأجازه قوم ومنعه آخرون وهم أكثر البصريين واستشهدوا لمنعه بقوله

    321 ( وممن ولدوا عامر ذو الطول وذو العرض …

    فمنع عامر من الصرف وليس فيه سوى العلمية ولهذا أشار بقوله والمصروف قد لا ينصرف

• الصَّرْفُ al-ṣarf · full declension with tanwīn; the tanwīn of amkaniyya · صرف
• مَا لَا يَنْصَرِفُ / المَمْنُوعُ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ mā lā yanṣarif / al-mamnūʿ min al-ṣarf · diptote; noun barred from tanwīn and taking fatḥa for the genitive · منع
• التَّنْوِينُ al-tanwīn · nunation; a final unwritten n after the case vowel · نون
• أَمْكَنُ amkan · more firmly established (in nounhood) · مكن
• العَدْلُ al-ʿadl · deflection of a word from its original form · عدل
• الوَصْفِيَّةُ al-waṣfiyya · descriptiveness; adjectival status · وصف
• العَلَمِيَّةُ al-ʿalamiyya · being a proper name · علم
• العُجْمَةُ al-ʿujma · foreignness (non-Arabic origin) · عجم
• التَّرْكِيبُ المَزْجِيُّ al-tarkīb al-mazjī · blended compounding (two words fused into one name) · مزج
• الإِلْحَاقُ al-ilḥāq · assimilation of a word to another pattern by an added letter · لحق
• المَنْقُوصُ al-manqūṣ · noun ending in -ī after kasra (e.g. qāḍin) · نقص
• التَّأْنِيثُ al-taʾnīth · feminine gender or its marker · أنث
• الِاضْطِرَارُ al-iḍṭirār · poetic necessity · ضرر
• التَّنَاسُبُ al-tanāsub · matching or congruence with neighbouring words · نسب