The Inflection of the Verb [the moods of the imperfect: indicative, subjunctive, jussive]
إِعْرَابُ الْفِعْلِ
Verses 676–694 · chapter 57 of 78
The chapter teaches that the imperfect (muḍāriʿ) is indicative (marfūʿ) whenever no subjunctive or jussive particle governs it, and then sets out the subjunctive particles lan, kay, an and iḏan with the conditions under which each operates. It explains where an must be overt, where it may be overt or concealed, and where it must be concealed: after the lām of denial, aw, ḥattā, and the fāʾ and wāw of response. It closes with the jussive in answer to a request, the verb joined to a pure noun, and rare cases of concealed an. AI
Topic:Perfect, imperfect, imperative
- 676
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Metre: not scanned
As vowelled here, this verse does not fit al-rajaz, the metre of the poem; it is left unscanned rather than forced.
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Put the imperfect in the indicative (rafʿ) when it is free of any particle that makes it subjunctive or jussive, as in tasʿadu 'you are happy'.
AI note on the transcription: ارْفَعْ مُضَارِعًا إِذَا يُجَرَّدُ: the imperative irfaʿ has lost its initial alif in the transcription. 'رفع' does not fit the grammar, because muḍāriʿan is accusative and needs an imperative to govern it, and it breaks the metre (irfaʿ muḍā = mustafʿilun).
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 676Arabic
إذا جرد الفعل المضارع عن عامل النصب وعامل الجزم رفع واختلف في رافعه فذهب قوم إلى أنه ارتفع لوقوعه موقع الاسم فيضرب في قولك زيد يضرب واقع موقع ضارب فارتفع لذلك وقيل ارتفع لتجرده من الناصب والجازم وهو اختيار المصنف
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6544 · vol. 4, p. 1 ↗ - 677
الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Put it in the subjunctive (naṣb) with lan, and likewise with kay, and likewise with an, except an after [a verb of] knowledge [where it is lightened anna, e.g. ʿalima an sa-yakūnu 'He knew that there will be']. As for the an that comes after [a verb of] supposing,
- 678
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الرَّجَزal-rajaz––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
you may put [the verb] in the subjunctive with it. Also accept the indicative as correct, and take an in that case to be lightened from anna. Both are regular [e.g. wa-ḥasibū allā takūna / takūnu fitnatun 'and they supposed there would be no trial']. [Examples of the other particles: lan aqūma 'I will not stand'; jiʾtu kay aqraʾa 'I came in order to read'; urīdu an taqūma 'I want you to stand'.]
Ibn ʿAqīl on verses 677–678Arabic
ينصب المضارع إذا صحبه حرف ناصب وهو لن أوكى أو أن أو إذن نحو لن أضرب وجئت كي أتعلم وأريد أن تقوم وإذن أكرمك في جواب من قال لك آتيك
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6550 · vol. 4, p. 3 ↗وأشار بقوله لا بعد علم إلى أنه إن وقعت أن بعد علم ونحوه مما يدل على اليقين وجب رفع الفعل بعدها وتكون حينئذ مخففة من الثقيلة نحو علمت أن يقوم التقدير أنه يقوم فخففت أن وحذف اسمها وبقي خبرها وهذه هي غير الناصبة للمضارع لأن هذه ثنائية لفظا ثلاثية وضعا وتلك ثنائية لفظا ووضعا
وإن وقعت بعد ظن ونحوه مما يدل على الرجحان جاز في الفعل بعدها وجهان
أحدهما النصب على جعل أن من نواصب المضارع
الثاني الرفع على جعل أن مخففة من الثقيلة
فتقول ظننت أن يقوم وأن يقوم والتقدير مع الرفع ظننت أنه يقوم فخففت أن وحذف اسمها وبقي خبرها وهو الفعل وفاعله
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الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Some [Arabs] leave an without effect, by analogy with its sister mā [the maṣdar-forming mā], even where an would deserve to operate [e.g. the reading li-man arāda an yutimmu l-raḍāʿata 'for whoever wishes to complete the suckling', with the indicative].
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 679Arabic
يعني أن من العرب من لم يعمل أن الناصبة للفعل المضارع وإن وقعت بعد مالا يدل على يقين أو رجحان فيرفع الفعل بعدها حملا على أختها ما المصدرية لاشتراكهما في أنهما يقدران بالمصدر فتقول أريد أن تقوم كما تقول عجبت مما تفعل
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6562 · vol. 4, p. 4 ↗ - 680
الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
They put a future-referring verb in the subjunctive with iḏan, provided iḏan stands at the head [of its clause] and the verb follows it directly [e.g. iḏan ukrimaka 'in that case I will honour you', in reply to 'I will visit you'],
- 681
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الرَّجَزal-rajaz––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
or [provided] an oath stands before the verb [between it and iḏan, e.g. iḏan wa-llāhi ukrimaka]. When iḏan comes after a conjunction [wa or fa], you may use the subjunctive or the indicative [e.g. wa-iḏan lā yalbaṯūna / yalbaṯū 'and then they would not remain'].
Ibn ʿAqīl on verses 680–681Arabic
تقدم أن من جملة نواصب المضارع إذن ولا ينصب بها إلا بشروط
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6568 · vol. 4, p. 5 ↗أحدها أن يكون الفعل مستقبلا
الثاني أن تكون مصدرة
الثالث أن لا يفصل بينها وبين منوصبها
وذلك نحو أن يقال أنا آتيك فتقول إذن أكرمك
فلو كان الفعل بعدها حالا لم ينصب نحو أن يقال أحبك فتقول إذن أظنك صادقا فيجب رفع أظن وكذلك يجب رفع الفعل بعدها إن لم تتصدر نحو زيد إذن يكرمك فإن كان المتقدم عليها حرف عطف جاز في الفعل الرفع والنصب نحو وإذن أكرمك وكذلك يجب رفع الفعل بعدها إن فصل بينها وبينه نحو إذن زيد يكرمك فإن فصلت بالقسم نصبت نحو إذن والله أكرمك
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الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Between lā and a lām of jarr, the subjunctive an must appear overtly [e.g. li-allā yakūna li-l-nāsi ʿalaykum ḥujjatun 'so that people have no argument against you']. If
AI note on the transcription: وَبَيْنَ لَا وَلَامِ جَرٍّ الْتُزِمْ: the transcription writes إلتزم with a hamza under the alif. The alif of the passive verb iltuzim is hamzat waṣl, and the metre requires it to be elided (jar-ri-nil-tu-zim).
- 683
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الرَّجَزal-rajaz–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
lā is absent, make an operate, either overt or concealed [jiʾtu li-an aqraʾa / li-aqraʾa 'I came to read']. After a negated kāna [the lām of denial], an is necessarily concealed [e.g. mā kāna llāhu li-yuʿaḏḏibahum 'God was not one to punish them'].
- 684
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«» «»
Metre: not scanned
As vowelled here, this verse does not fit al-rajaz, the metre of the poem; it is left unscanned rather than forced.
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Likewise after aw, when ḥattā 'until' or illā 'unless' can stand in its place, an is hidden [e.g. la-alzamannaka aw tuqḍiyanī ḥaqqī 'I will stick to you until you pay me my due'; la-aqtulanna l-kāfira aw yuslima 'I will kill the unbeliever unless he accepts Islam'].
AI note on the transcription: مَوْضِعِهَا حَتَّى أَوِ الَّا أَنْ خَفِي: the transcription has a doubled wāw (أو والا). The sense is 'ḥattā or illā', so no second conjunction belongs here. The metre reads awi-llā with the hamza of illā elided (ḥat-tā-a-wil | lā-an-kha-fī).
Ibn ʿAqīl on verses 682–684Arabic
اختصت أن من بين نواصب المضارع بأنها تعمل مظهرة ومضمرة
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6581 · vol. 4, p. 7 ↗فتظهر وجوبا إذا وقعت بين لام الجر ولا النافية نحو جئتك لئلا تضرب زيدا
وتظهر جوازا إذا وقعت بعد لام الجر ولم تصحبها لا النافية نحو جئتك لأقرأ ولأن أقرأ هذا إذا لم تسبقها كان المنفية
فإن سبقتها كان المنفية وجب إضمار أن نحو ما كان زيد ليفعل ولا تقول لأن يفعل قال الله تعالى ﴿ وما كان الله ليعذبهم وأنت فيهم ﴾
ويجب إضمار أن بعد أو المقدرة بحتى أو إلا فتقدر بحتى إذا كان الفعل الذي قبلها مما ينقضى شيئا فشيئا وتقدر بإلا إن لم يكن كذلك فالأول كقوله
322 ( لأستسهلن الصعب أو أدرك المنى … فما انقادت الآمال إلا لصابر
أي لأستسهلن الصعب حتى أدرك المنى ف أدرك منصوب ب أن المقدرة بعد أو التي بمعنى حتى وهي واجبة الإضمار والثاني كقوله
323 ( وكنت إذا غمزت قناة قوم … كسرت كعوبها أو تستقيما
أي كسرت كعوبها إلا أن تستقيم ف تستقيم منصوب ب أن بعد أو واجبة الإضمار
- 685
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الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
After ḥattā the concealment of an is likewise obligatory, as in jud ḥattā tasurra ḏā ḥazan 'be generous so that you gladden one in grief'.
AI note on the transcription: حَتْمٌ كَجُدْ حَتَّى تَسُرَّ ذَا حَزَنْ: the transcription adds a stray dāl to the verb (تسرد). The example requires the subjunctive tasurra 'you gladden', and the metre requires ta-sur-ra (u - u -).
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 685Arabic
وما يجب إضمار أن بعده حتى نحو سرت حتى أدخل البلد ف حتى حرف جر و أدخل منصوب بأن المقدرة بعد حتى هذا إذا كان الفعل بعدها مستقبلا
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6596 · vol. 4, p. 9 ↗فإن كان حالا أو مؤولا بالحال وجب رفعه وإليه الإشارة بقوله
- 686
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Metre: not scanned
As vowelled here, this verse does not fit al-rajaz, the metre of the poem; it is left unscanned rather than forced.
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Put in the indicative the verb after ḥattā when it refers to the present, or can be construed as present [e.g. sirtu ḥattā adkhuluhā 'I travelled, and now I am entering it']. Put it in the subjunctive when it refers to the future.
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 686Arabic
فتقول سرت حتى أدخل البلد بالرفع إن قلته وأنت داخل وكذلك إن كان الدخول قد وقع وقصدت به حكاية تلك الحال نحو كنت سرت حتى أدخلها
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6600 · vol. 4, p. 10 ↗ - 687
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الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
After a fāʾ that answers a negation or a request, both of them pure, an puts the verb in the subjunctive, and its concealment is obligatory [e.g. mā taʾtīnā fa-tuḥaddiṯanā 'you do not come to us and talk to us'; zurnī fa-ukrimaka 'visit me and I will honour you']. [A pure negation is one not cancelled by illā. A pure request is one made by a verb, not by a noun of action or a maṣdar.]
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 687Arabic
يعني أن أن تنصب وهي واجبة الحذف الفعل المضارع بعد الفاء المجاب بها نفي محض أو طلب محض فمثال النفي ما تأتينا فتحدثنا وقد قال تعالى ﴿ لا يقضى عليهم فيموتوا ﴾ ومعنى كون نفي محضا أن يكون خالصا من معنى الإثبات فإن لم يكن خالصا منه وجب رفع ما بعد الفاء نحو ما أنت إلا تأتينا فتحدثنا ومثال الطلب وهو يشمل الأمر والنهي والدعاء والاستفهام والعرض والتحضيض والتمني فالأمر نحو اثتني فأكرمك ومنه
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6603 · vol. 4, p. 10 ↗324 ( يا ناق سيري عنقا فسيحا … إلى سليمان فتستريحا
والنهى نحو لا تضرب زيدا فيضربك ومنه قوله تعالى ﴿ ولا تطغوا فيه فيحل عليكم غضبي ﴾ والدعاء نحو رب انصرني فلا أخذل ومنه
325 ( رب وفقني فلا أعدل عن … سنن الساعين في خير سنن
والاستفهام نحو هل تكرم زيدا فيكرمك ومنه قوله تعالى ﴿ فهل لنا من شفعاء فيشفعوا لنا ﴾ والعرض نحو ألا تنزل عندنا فتصيب خيرا ومنه قوله
326 ( يا ابن الكرام ألا تدنو فتبصر ما … قد حدثوك فما راء كمن سمعا
والتحضيض نحو لولا تأتينا فتحدثنا ومنه قوله تعالى ﴿ لولا أخرتني إلى أجل قريب فأصدق وأكن من الصالحين ﴾ والتمنى نحو ﴿ يا ليتني كنت معهم فأفوز فوزا عظيما ﴾
ومعنى أن يكون الطلب محضا أن لا يكون مدلولا عليه باسم فعل ولا بلفظ الخبر فإن كان مدلولا عليه بأحد هذين المذكورين وجب رفع ما بعد الفاء نحو صه فأحسن إليك وحسبك الحديث فينام الناس
- 688
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الرَّجَزal-rajaz––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
The wāw is like the fāʾ when it conveys the sense of maʿa 'together with', as in lā takun jaldan wa-tuẓhira l-jazaʿ 'do not be steadfast while showing distress'.
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 688Arabic
يعني أن المراضع التي ينصب فيها المضارع بإضمار أن وجوبا بعد الفاء بنصب فيها كلها ب أن مضمرة وجوبا بعد الواو إذا قصد بها المصاحبة نحو ﴿ ولما يعلم الله الذين جاهدوا منكم ويعلم الصابرين ﴾ وقوله
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6624 · vol. 4, p. 13 ↗327 ( فقلت ادعى وأدعو إن أندى … لصوت أن ينادى داعيان
وقوله
328 ( لاتنه عن خلق وتأتي مثله … عار عليك إذا فعلت عظيم
وقوله
329 ( ألم أك جاركم ويكون بيني … وبينكم المودة والإخاء
واحترز بقوله إن تفد مفهوم مع عما إذا لم تفد ذلك بل أردت التشريك بين الفعل والفعل أو أردت جعل ما بعد الواو خبرا لمبتدأ محذوف فإنه لا يجوز حينئذ النصب
ولهذا جاز فيما بعد الواو في قولك لا تأكل السمك وتشرب اللبن ثلاثة أوجه الجزم على التشريك بين الفعلين نحو لا تأكل السمك وتشرب اللبن والثاني الرفع على إضمار مبتدأ نحو لا تأكل السمك وتشرب اللبن أي وأنت تشرب اللبن والثالث النصب على معنى النهى عن الجمع بينهما نحو لا تأكل السمك وتشرب اللبن أي لا يكن منك أن تأكل السمك وأن تشرب اللبن فينصب هذا الفعل بأن مضمرة
- 689
الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
After anything other than negation [i.e. after a request], use the jussive if the fāʾ is dropped and a consequence [a conditional answer] is intended [e.g. zurnī ukrimka 'visit me, I will honour you'].
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 689Arabic
يجوز في جواب غير النفي من الأشياء التي سبق ذكرها أن تجزم إذا سقطت الفاء وقصد الجزاء نحو زرني أزرك وكذلك الباقي وهل هو مجزوم بشرط مقدر أي زرني فإن تزرني أزرك أو بالجملة قبله قولان ولا يجوز الجزم في النفي فلا تقول ما تأتينا تحدثنا
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6642 · vol. 4, p. 16 ↗ - 690
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الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
The condition for the jussive after a prohibition is that you can place in before lā with no change of meaning resulting [lā tadnu mina l-asadi taslam 'do not approach the lion and you will be safe' works, because 'if you do not approach, you will be safe'; lā tadnu mina l-asadi yaʾkulka does not work].
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 690Arabic
لا يجوز الجزم عند سقوط الفاء بعد النهي إلا بشرط أن يصح المعنى بتقدير دخول إن الشرطية على لا فتقول لا تدن من الأسد تسلم بجزم تسلم إذ يصح إن لا تدن من الأسد تسلم ولا يجوز الجزم في قولك لا تدن من الأسد يأكلك إذ لا يصح إن لا تدن من الأسد يأكلك وأجاز الكسائي ذلك بناء على أنه لا يشترط عنده دخول إن على لا فجزمه على معنى إن تدن من الأسد يأكلك
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6647 · vol. 4, p. 17 ↗ - 691
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الرَّجَزal-rajaz––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪∪∪–فَعِلَتُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
If a command is expressed by something other than the ifʿal form [a noun of action such as ṣah 'hush', or a statement], do not put its answer in the subjunctive. Accept the jussive for it [e.g. ṣah uḥsin ilayka 'hush, and I will treat you well'].
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 691Arabic
قد سبق أنه إذا كان الأمر مدلولا عليه باسم فعل أو بلفظ الخبر لم يجز نصبه بعد الفاء وقد صرح بذلك هنا فقال متى كان الأمر بغير صيغة افعل ونحوها فلا ينتصب جوابه ولكن لو أسقطت الفاء جزمته كقولك صه أحسن إليك وحسبك الحديث ينم الناس وإليه أشار بقوله وجزمه اقبلا
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6653 · vol. 4, p. 18 ↗ - 692
الرَّجَزal-rajaz––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
The verb after the fāʾ in [the answer to] hope (rajāʾ) is put in the subjunctive, like the subjunctive of what belongs to wishing (tamannī) [e.g. laʿallī ablughu l-asbāba … fa-aṭṭaliʿa 'perhaps I may reach the means … and look'; layta lī mālan fa-ataṣaddaqa minhu 'would that I had wealth, so I could give from it'].
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 692Arabic
أجاز الكوفيون قاطبة أن يعامل الرجاء معاملة التمني فينصب جوابه المقرون بالفاء كما نصب جواب التمنى وتابعهم المصنف ومما ورد منه قوله تعالى ﴿ لعلي أبلغ الأسباب أسباب السماوات فأطلع ﴾ في قراءة من نصب أطلع وهو حفص عن عاصم
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6659 · vol. 4, p. 19 ↗ - 693
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الرَّجَزal-rajaz∪–∪–مَفَاعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ–∪∪–مُفْتَعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ––∪–مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
If a verb is joined by a conjunction to a pure noun [one without verbal meaning], an puts it in the subjunctive, whether an is present or omitted [e.g. wa-lubsu ʿabāʾatin wa-taqarra ʿaynī 'wearing a cloak, with my eye content'].
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 693Arabic
يجوز أن ينصب بأن محذوفة أو مذكورة بعد عاطف تقدم عليه اسم خالص أي غير مقصود به معنى الفعل وذلك كقوله
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6664 · vol. 4, p. 19 ↗330 ( وليس عباءة وتقر عيني … أحب إلي من لبس الشقوف
فتقر منصوب بأن محذوفة وهي جائزة الحذف لأن قبله اسما صريحا وهو لبس وكذلك قوله
231 ( إني وقتلي سليكا ثم أعقله … كالنور يضرب لما عافت البقر
فأعقله منصوب ب وأن محذوفة وهي جائزة الحذف لأن قبله اسما صريحا وهو قتلي وكذلك قوله
332 ( لولا توقع معتر فأرضيه … ما كنت أوثر إترابا على ترب
فأرضيه منصوب بأن محذوفه جوازا بعد الفاء لأن قبلها اسما صريحا وهو توقع وكذلك قوله تعالى ﴿ وما كان لبشر أن يكلمه الله إلا وحيا أو من وراء حجاب أو يرسل رسولا ﴾ فيرسل منصوب بان الجائزة الحذف لأن قبله وحيا وهو اسم صريح
فإن كان الاسم غير صريح أي مقصودا به معنى الفعل لم يجز النصب نحو الطائر فيغضب زيد الذباب فيغضب يجب رفعه لأنه معطوف على طائر وهو اسم غير صريح لأنه واقع موقع الفعل من جهة أنه صلة لأل وحق الصلة أن تكون جملة فوضع طائر موضع يطير والأصل الذي يطير فلما جيء بأل عدل عن الفعل إلى اسم الفاعل لأجل أل لأنها لا تدخل إلا على الأسماء
- 694
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Metre: not scanned
As vowelled here, this verse does not fit al-rajaz, the metre of the poem; it is left unscanned rather than forced.
Ibn Jinnī on al-rajaz, “the trembling”
وهو على ستة أجزاء مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن مستفعلن
It has six feet: mustafʿilun, six times. Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, lines 842–843 (p. 101) ↗
Scanned by rule, not by a model. The vowelled text is read as it is pronounced, as Ibn Jinnī says scansion must be: doubled letters count twice, tanwīn adds an n, long vowels lengthen, the connecting alif drops inside the line, the article's l merges into a sun letter, and the last vowel of a line is drawn out. The syllables, long (–) and short (∪), are then fitted to each metre's feet with the common licences (zihāfāt) and line-endings. A poem has one metre: the one that fits most of its verses. A verse that does not fit it is marked 'not scanned'; nothing is guessed. Vowels scanned: AI vowelling (no vowelled edition is available to us).
Scanned by rule English: AI translation AI
Ibn Jinnī (d. 392/1002), Kitāb al-ʿArūḍ, ed. Aḥmad Fawzī al-Hayb (Kuwait: Dār al-Qalam, 1407/1987). Digital text: 0392IbnJinniMawsili.Carud.JK000956-ara1 (OpenITI RELEASE v2025.1.9). CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (OpenITI digital text); the classical text is public domain, the modern edition is not.
Omitting an while keeping the subjunctive is irregular (shāḏḏ) outside the cases already given. Accept of it [only] what a trustworthy transmitter has reported [e.g. khuḏi l-liṣṣa qabla yaʾkhuḏaka 'seize the thief before he seizes you'].
AI note on the transcription: مَا مَرَّ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُ مَا عَدْلٌ رَوَى: the relative mā before ʿadlun has dropped out. It is needed both as the object of fa-qbal ('accept what a trustworthy man reported') and for the metre (bal-min-hu-mā | ʿad-lun-ra-wā).
Ibn ʿAqīl on verse 694Arabic
لما فرغ من ذكر الأماكن التي ينصب فيها بأن محذوفة إما وجوبا وإما جوازا ذكر أن حذف أن والنصب بها في غير ما ذكر شاذ لا يقاس عليه ومنه قولهم مره يحفرها بنصب يحفر أي مره أن يحفرها ومنه قولهم خذ اللص قبل يأخذك أي قبل أن يأخذك ومنه قوله
Ibn ʿAqīl, OpenITI line 6684 · vol. 4, p. 23 ↗333 ( ألا أيهذا الزاجري أحضر الوغى … وأن أشهد اللذات هل أنت مخلدي
في رواية من نصب أحضر أي أن أحضر . .
- إِعْرَابٌ iʿrāb · inflection; case and mood marking · عرب
- مُضَارِعٌ muḍāriʿ · the imperfect verb · ضرع
- رَفْعٌ rafʿ · indicative (in verbs); nominative (in nouns) · رفع
- نَاصِبٌ nāṣib · a particle that puts the verb in the subjunctive · نصب
- جَازِمٌ jāzim · a particle that puts the verb in the jussive · جزم
- مُطَّرِدٌ muṭṭarid · regular; applying consistently · طرد
- تَخْفِيفٌ takhfīf · lightening (of the doubled nūn of anna to an) · خفف
- إِهْمَالٌ ihmāl · leaving a particle without grammatical effect · همل
- إِضْمَارٌ iḍmār · concealment (of an unpronounced governing particle) · ضمر
- جَوَابٌ jawāb · the answer or consequent clause · جوب
- نَفْيٌ nafy · negation · نفي
- طَلَبٌ ṭalab · request (command, prohibition, question, wish, etc.) · طلب
- نَهْيٌ nahy · prohibition (lā with the jussive) · نهي
- تَمَنٍّ tamannin · wishing (e.g. with layta) · مني
- رَجَاءٌ rajāʾ · hope (e.g. with laʿalla) · رجو
- عَطْفٌ ʿaṭf · conjunction; coordination · عطف
- شَاذٌّ shāḏḏ · irregular; rare and not to be used as a model · شذذ