Mashrabaمشربة

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One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ إِلَهِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ آدَمِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶7 in the text

7 · 173 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَغَلَبَ عَلَيْهَا مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ وَحَكَمَ عَلَيْهَا هَذَا الحَالُ فَقَالَتْ مِنْ حَيْثُ النَّشْأَةُ أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَن يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَلَيْسَ إِلَّا النِّزَاعُ وَهُوَ عَيْنُ مَا وَقَعَ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا قَالُوهُ فِي حَقِّ آدَمَ هُوَ عَيْنُ مَا هُمْ فِيهِ مَعَ الحَقِّ فَلَوْلَا أَنَّ نَشْأَتَهُمْ تُعْطِي ذَلِكَ مَا قَالُوا فِي حَقِّ آدَمَ مَا قَالُوهُ وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ فَلَوْ عَرَفُوا نُفُوسَهُمْ لَعَلِمُوا وَلَوْ عَلِمُوا لعُصِمُوا ثُمَّ لَمْ يَقِفُوا مَعَ التَّجْرِيحِ حَتَّى زَادُوا فِي الدَّعْوَى بِمَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ التَّقْدِيسِ وَالتَّسْبِيحِ وَعِنْدَ آدَمَ مِنْ الأَسْمَاءِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ المَلَائِكَةُ عَلَيْهَا فَمَا سَبَّحَتْ رَبَّهَا بِهَا وَلَا قَدَّسَتْهُ عَنْهَا تَقْدِيسَ آدم وَتَسْبِيْحَهُ فَوَصَفَ الحَقُّ لَنَا مَا جَرَى لِنَقِفَ عِنْدَهُ وَنَتَعَلَّمَ الأَدَبَ مَعَ اللهِ تَعَالَى فَلَا نَدَّعِي مَا أَنَا مُحَقَّقٌ بِهِ وَحَاوٍ عَلَيْهِ بِالتَّقْيِيدِ فَكَيْفَ أَنْ نُطْلِق فِي الدَّعْوَى فَنَعُمَّ بِهَا مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِحَالٍ وَلَا أَنَا مِنْهُ عَلَى عِلْمٍ فَنَفْتَضِحَ فَهَذَا التَّعْرِيفُ الإِلٰهِيُّ مِمَّا أَدَّبَ الحَقُّ بِهِ عِبَادَهُ الأُدَبَاءَ الأُمَنَاءَ الخُلَفَاءَ ثُمَّ نَرْجِعُ إِلَى الحِكْمَةِ فَنَقُولُ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ الأُمُورَ الكُلِّيَّةَ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وُجُودٌ فِي عَيْنِهَا فَهِيَ مَعْقُولَةٌ مَعْلُومَةٌ بِلَا شَكٍّ فِي الذِّهْنِ فَهِيَ بَاطِنَةٌ لَا تَزَالُ عَنْ الوُجُودِ العَيْنِيِّ

So what we have mentioned overcame them, and this state ruled over them, so they said, from the standpoint of [their] configuration: "Will You place therein one who will work corruption therein?" [Q 2:30]. And this is nothing but contention, and it is the very thing that occurred on their part. So what they said concerning Adam is the very thing they themselves are engaged in with the Real. Were it not that their configuration gives that, they would not have said concerning Adam what they said, while they were unaware [of it]. Had they known their own selves, they would have known; and had they known, they would have been protected [from error]. Then they did not stop at disparagement, but went further in the claim by [citing] what they possess of hallowing and glorification. Yet Adam has divine names which the angels did not possess, so they did not glorify their Lord by them, nor hallow Him with respect to them with Adam's hallowing and glorification. So the Real described to us what took place so that we might pause at it and learn courtesy (adab) with God, exalted is He, and not claim [even] that which I have realized and encompass in a delimited way. So how [then] could we make the claim unrestricted, and thereby extend it to cover what is in no way mine and of which I have no knowledge, and so be disgraced? This divine instruction is among the things by which the Real has trained in courtesy His servants who are courteous, trustworthy, [and] vicegerents. Then we return to the wisdom and say: Know that the universal matters, even though they have no existence in their own entity, are without doubt intelligible and known in the mind. So they are nonmanifest, and never cease to be so, with respect to existence in entity.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فغلب عليها﴾

أي، على الملائكة

that is, [it overcame] the angels.

Ibn Turka

﴿فغلب عليها ما ذكرناه﴾

من عدم الجمعيّة التي لآدم . وعدم وقوفها مع الأسماء كلَّها وعدم العلم بأنّ للحقّ أسماء وراء ما عنده

namely the absence of the comprehensiveness (jamʿiyya) that belongs to Adam, and its inability to remain firm with all the Names, and its ignorance that the Real has Names beyond what it possesses

Jāmī

﴿فغلب عليها﴾

أي على الملائكة

i.e., the angels

Bālī Zāde

﴿فغلب عليها ما ذكرناه وحكم عليها هذا الحال﴾

فأخرجهم عن حد الاعتدال

and thus removed them from the limit of equilibrium (iʿtidāl)

Bosnevî

﴿فغلب عليها ما ذكرناه وحكم عليها هذا الحال﴾

پس ملائکه اوزره بزم ذکر ابتد یکمزشی یعنی نشأت احدیت آدم ادیدن اعطا ایتدیکی شیئه عدم وقوف وجمعیت آدمه مخصوصه اولان اسماء الهیهنک اکثرنه وحضرت الهیئه عبادت ذاتیه دن اقتضا ایتد یکی شیئه عدم شعوری غالب اولدی پس سوءادب ایدوب حقه اعتراض ایتدیلر وتزکیة نفس ایدوب جرح آدم ایتدیلرو بوحال ملائکه اوزره حکم ایلدی یعنی قوتدن فعله کلوب کتم ایتمکه قادر . اولمدی

So there prevailed over the angels the thing we have mentioned. That is, [there prevailed over them] their unawareness of what Adam's nashʾa (constitution) of aḥadiyya (unity) […] grants. [There prevailed also] their lack of cognizance of most of the divine names specific to Adam's jamʿiyya (all-comprehensiveness), and of what the Presence of Divinity requires of ʿibāda dhātiyya (essential worship). So they behaved with bad adab (proper conduct) and objected to the Real, and they justified themselves and disparaged Adam. And this state ruled over the angels, that is, it came from potentiality into act and they were not able to conceal it.

Words 3–4 · 2 of 8

مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ما ذكرناه﴾

من عدم الوقوف مع ما أعطته مرتبة الإنسان الكامل ومع ما اقتضته حضرة الحق منهامن العبادة والانقياد لكل ما أمر الله به

namely, the failure to stop with what the rank of the perfect human bestowed and with what the Presence of the Real required of them of worship and submission to all that God commanded.

Jāmī

﴿ما ذكرناه﴾

من عدم وقوفهم مع الأمور الثلاثة

i.e., their not halting with the three matters

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وحكم عليها﴾

أي، على الملائكة

that is, over the angels.

Ibn Turka

﴿وحكم عليها هذا الحال﴾

أي غلبها أحكام هذا السلوب والأوصاف العدميّة

i.e., the rulings of these negations (sulūb) and privative attributes overcame it

Jāmī

﴿وحكم عليها﴾

أي على الملائكة

i.e., over the angels

Words 7–8 · 2 of 8

هَذَا الحَالُ

al-Qayṣarī

﴿هذا الحال﴾

أي، عدم الوقوف

that is, the failure to stop [with the proper limit].

Jāmī

﴿هذا الحال﴾

أي غلبة ما ذكرناه عليهم أو ما ذكرناه وهو عدم وقوفهم معها . (فقالت) أي الملائكة

i.e., the predominance of what we mentioned over them, or what we mentioned, namely their not halting with them. (So they said) i.e., the angels

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فقالت من حيث النشأة﴾

أي، من حيث نشأتهم الخاصة بهم

that is, from the standpoint of their own particular constitution.

Ibn Turka

﴿فقالت من حيث النشأة﴾

أي نطقت لسان نشأتها هذه بقولها

i.e., the tongue of this constitution of theirs spoke, saying

Jāmī

﴿من حيث النشأة﴾

التي تخصهم بلسان التنافي والتنافر الذي بين الوحدة والبساطة الملكيتين، وبين الكثرة و التركيب الإنسانيين. "أتجعل فيها من يفسد فيها ويسفك الدماء " آية 30 سورة البقرة . (وليس) ما ينسبونه إلى آدم من الإفساد وسفك الدماء

proper to them, by the tongue of the mutual exclusion and incompatibility that exists between angelic unity and simplicity, and human multiplicity and composition. "Will You place therein one who will work corruption therein and shed blood?" (Qur'an 2:30). (And there is not) what they attribute to Adam of corruption and bloodshed

Bālī Zāde

﴿فقالت من حيث النشأة … أَتَجْعَلُ فِيها مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيها﴾

ما قالوا في حق آدم من الإفساد وسفك الدماء

that which they said regarding Adam concerning corruption and the shedding of blood

Bosnevî

﴿فقالت من حيث النشأة اتجعل فيها من يفسد فيها﴾

پس ملائکه نشأت جزئیه ناقصه سی که حق تعالی انی اختصام ایله وصف ایلدی زیرا طبیعت متقابله در* ویاخود حیثیتله که وحدت وبساطت ونوریت اولان نشأت ملکیه درحقه خطاب ایدوب ایتدی سن ارضده خلیفه ایدرمیسن شو ل کنه بی که ارضده افساد ایدروسفک دما ایدر* پس ملائکه نشأت جزیه سی وملکیه سیله که وحدت بساطتی اقتضا ایدر* ونشأت کثرت وترکیب جسمانیه منافیه در نشأت کلیه آدمیه دن که کثرت ترکیبی مقتضیه در محتجبه اولدی* وترکیب جسمانی حسبیله آدمدن ظهور ایدن فساده متوقعه اولان اسماء الهیه یه مطلعه اولمدی) قال الشیخ رضی الله تعالی عنه فی الفتوحات فی الباب الربع والخمسین بعد المائة لان المولد من الاضداد المتنافرة لا بدفیه من المنازعة ولاسیما المولد من الارکان فانه مولد من مولدمن مولد من مولد رکن عن فلک عن برج عن طبیعة عن نفس واصل النزاع الاسماء الالهیة المتقالمة الدرجات ومن هناک سری التقابل فی العالم فنحن فی آخر الدرجات فالخلاف فیما علا عن رتبة المولد من الارکان وقل وان کان لا یخلوا الاتری الملاء الاعلی کیف یختصمون وماکان لرسول الله صلی الله علیه وسلم علم بالملاء الاعلی اذ یختصمون حتی اعلمه الله بذلک وسبب ذلک ان اصل نشأتهم ایضا تعطی ذلک ومن هذه الحقیقة التی خلقوا علیها قالوا اتجعل فیها وهو زاع خفی للربوبیة من خلف بحاب الغیرة والتعظیم واصل النزاع والتنافر ماذکرناه من متقابلة الاسماء الالهیة مثل المحیی والممیت والمعز والمذل والضار والنافع (ولیس) (هذا العقول منهم

So the angels addressed the Real by way of their partial, deficient nashʾa (constitution), which the Real Most High described with disputing, for nature is [made of] opposites. Or [they addressed Him] by way of the angelic constitution, which is unity, simplicity and luminosity. They said: 'Will You make vicegerent on the earth one who will cause corruption on the earth and shed blood?' (Q 2:30). Their partial, angelic constitution requires unity [and] simplicity and is incompatible with the constitution of multiplicity and bodily composition. Through it the angels were veiled from the universal Adamic constitution, which requires multiplicity [and] composition. They were not aware of the divine names that depend on the corruption appearing from Adam by virtue of bodily composition. The Shaykh (may God Most High be pleased with him) said in the Futūḥāt, in chapter 154: 'Because what is born of mutually repelling opposites cannot but have dispute in it, especially what is born of the elements. For it is born of what is born of what is born of what is born: an element from a sphere, from a constellation, from nature, from a soul. The root of dispute is the divine names facing one another in degrees, and from there opposition spread through the world. We are at the last of the degrees, so disagreement in what is above the rank of what is born of the elements is less, even if it is not free [of it]. Do you not see how the Highest Assembly dispute? The Messenger of God (God bless him and grant him peace) had no knowledge of the Highest Assembly when they dispute until God informed him of that. The cause of that is that the root of their constitution too grants that. From this reality upon which they were created they said: "Will You place on it…" This is a hidden dispute with lordship from behind the veil of jealousy and magnification. The root of dispute and repulsion is what we have mentioned of the mutual facing of the divine names, such as the Life-giver and the Death-giver, the Exalter and the Abaser, the Harmer and the Benefiter. And this saying of theirs is not…'

al-Qayṣarī

﴿أتجعل فيها من يفسد فيها ويسفك الدماء؟﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ولا ينبغي أن تحمل (النشأة) على النشأة العنصرية الإنسانية ليكون معناه: فقالت هذا القول من حيث النشأة الجسمية التي هي لآدم، مع غفلتهم عن النشأة الروحية والمرتبية. لأن قوله

'Constitution' (nash'a) should not be construed as referring to the elemental human constitution, such that the meaning would be: they said this statement from the standpoint of the corporeal constitution belonging to Adam, while being heedless of the spiritual and rank-related constitution. For his statement—

﴿أتجعل فيها من يفسد فيها﴾

أي، ما وقفت الملائكة مع الأسماء التي تخص الملائكة وسبحت الحق بها وقدسته

That is, the angels did not stop with the names that pertain specifically to the angels, by which they glorified the Real and declared Him holy.

﴿أتجعل فيها من يفسد فيها؟﴾

و (التسبيح) أعم من (التقديس) لأنه تنزيه الحق عن نقائص الإمكان والحدوث، . و (التقديس) تنزيهه عنها وعن الكمالات اللازمة للأكوان، لأنهامن حيث إضافتها إلى الأكوان يخرج عن إطلاقها ويقع في نقائص التقييد. قوله

'Glorification' (tasbīḥ) is more general than 'sanctification' (taqdīs), for it is the declaring of the Real transcendent above the deficiencies of contingency and coming-into-being, whereas 'sanctification' is His transcendence above these as well as above the perfections necessarily attached to created things—since these perfections, by virtue of their relation (nisba) to created things, fall outside absoluteness and into the deficiencies of restriction (taqyīd). His statement—

Ibn Turka

﴿"أَتَجْعَلُ فِيها من يُفْسِدُ فِيها "﴾

مستنكرة للحق فيه . ساعية لآدم بعدّ قبائح أوصافه العدميّة مثنية على أنفسها بعدّ محامد أوصافها السلبيّة كلّ ذلك من مقتضى نشأتها التي على محض التجرّد والتقدّس العدمي . والدليل على أنّ ذلك القول إنّما صدر منها من حيث نشأتها أنّ ما نسبوه لآدم إنّما هو الفساد

["Will You place therein one who will work corruption therein"] denying this to the Real, striving to enumerate the vices of Adam's privative attributes while praising itself by enumerating the merits of its negative attributes — all of this proceeding from the requirement of its constitution, which rests on sheer detachment (tajarrud) and privative sanctity (taqaddus). The proof that this utterance issued from it only from the standpoint of its constitution is that what they attributed to Adam was precisely corruption

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وليس إلا النزاع وهو عين ما وقع منهم، فما قالوه في حق آدم هو عين ما هم فيه مع الحق﴾

أي، ليس هذا المعنى الذي غلب وحكم عليهم، وهو القول فيحق آدم، إلا المنازعة والمخالفة لأمر الحق، وهو، أي النزاع، عين ما وقع منهم مع الحق، فما قالوه في حق آدم من النقص والمخالفة هو عين ما هم فيه مع الحق، إذ ليس ذلك النقصان المنسوب إلى آدم إلا المنازعة والمخالفة للحق. وهو، أي ذلك النقصان، عين ما وقع منهم حالة الطعن فيه. قوله

That is, this meaning which overcame them and ruled over them—namely, the statement concerning Adam—is nothing but contention and opposition to the command of the Real. This contention is identical with what occurred from them with the Real. So what they said concerning Adam, of deficiency and opposition, is identical with what they themselves were engaged in with the Real, since that deficiency attributed to Adam is nothing but contention with and opposition to the Real. And it—that deficiency—is identical with what occurred from them at the moment of their disparaging him. His statement—

Ibn Turka

﴿وليس ذلك إلَّا النزاع ، وهو عين ما وقع منهم فما قالوه في حقّ آدم … هو عين ما هم فيه مع الحقّ . فلو لا أنّ نشأتهم تعطي ذلك ، ما قالوا في حقّ آدم ما قالوه ، وهم لا يشعرون﴾

أنّ ذلك القول هو عين ما نسبوه إلى آدم ، ضرورة أنّ صدور الآثار إذا كان من المبادي من غير شعور بها ولا رويّة ، دليل على أنّها من محض الجبلَّة ونفس الطبيعة

[and that is nothing but the contention (nizāʿ), which is exactly what occurred from them. So what they said regarding Adam... is precisely what they themselves were engaged in with the Real. For had their constitution not entailed this, they would not have said what they said regarding Adam, while they were unaware] that this utterance was itself identical with what they attributed to Adam, since it is necessarily the case that when effects (āthār) issue from their principles without awareness or reflection, this is proof that they proceed from sheer innate disposition (jibilla) and very nature

Bālī Zāde

﴿وليس إلا النزاع﴾

أي نزاع آدم عليه السلام مع الحق (وهو) أي هذا النزاع

i.e., the dispute of Adam, peace be upon him, with the Real (and it is) i.e., this dispute

Words 19–20 · 2 of 8

إِلَّا النِّزَاعُ

Jāmī

﴿إلا النزاع﴾

و المخالفة لا من الحق (وهو) ، أي ذلك النزاع

and opposition — not from the Real. (And it), i.e., that contention

Bosnevî

﴿الا النزاع﴾

وحال بوکه ملائکه دن بوقول دکل الا نزاعد ریعنی افسادی وسفک دمائی آدمه نسبت ایدوب امر حقه مخا لفت ایتدکلری عین نزاعدر ونزاع موجب فسادد روسبب سفک دمادر (وهو عین ماوقع منهم کما قالوا) فی محل الاعتراض مع الله تعالی یعنی نزاع انلردن حقله اعتراض محلنده واقع اولان شیئک عینیدر* یعنی انلردن واقع اولان شیء عین نزاعدر زیرا حقه اعتراض عین نزاعدر ونزاع موجب فساددر اوولیس المراد لهم من قولهم أتجعل فیها من یفسد فیها* ١٢٨) ویسفک الدماء الا النزاع ای اسناد النزاع لادم علیه السلام یعنی ملائکه نک بوقوللر ندن مراداری دکل الانزاعی آدمه اسناد ایتمکدر* ونزاع انلردن واقع اولان شیئک عینیدر* زیرا انلر حضرت حقه اعتراض ابتدیلر* واعتراض عین زاعدر ونزاع موجب فساددر

Whereas this saying from the angels is nothing but dispute. That is, their attributing corruption and bloodshed to Adam and opposing the command of the Real is dispute itself, and dispute necessitates corruption and is the cause of bloodshed. ('And it is the very thing that occurred from them, as they said') in the place of objection with God Most High. That is, dispute is the very thing that occurred from them in the place of objection with the Real. That is, what occurred from them is dispute itself, for objecting to the Real is dispute itself, and dispute necessitates corruption. ('And what is meant by them in their words "Will You place on it one who will cause corruption on it and shed blood" is nothing but dispute,' i.e., attributing dispute to Adam, upon him be peace.) That is, what they meant by these words of theirs is nothing but attributing dispute to Adam. And dispute is the very thing that occurred from them, for they objected to the ḥaḍra (presence) of the Real. Objection is dispute itself, and dispute necessitates corruption.

Jāmī

﴿غير ما وقع منهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

مع الحق من اعتراضهم عليه في جعله آدم خليفة

with the Real, namely their objection to Him in His making Adam a vicegerent

Bālī Zāde

﴿عين ما وقع منهم فما قالوه في حق آدم﴾

من المخالفة والمنازعة لأمر الحق

of opposition and disputation against the command of the Real

Jāmī

﴿فما قالوه في حق آدم﴾

مع الحق من النزاع والمخالفة

together with the Real, of contention and opposition

Bosnevî

﴿فيما قالوه في حق آدم هو عين مأفيه الحق﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

پس شول شیکه ملائکه آدمک حقند . دیدیلر اول شول شیئک عینیدر که انلر حقله نزاعده انده واقع اولدیلر* یعنی فساددن وسفک دمادن وهرنسنه یی که ملائکه آدمه اسناد ایدوب اکانسبت ایتدیلر حقله اعترا ضده عینیله اول نسته انلردن صادر اولدی واول نزاعدر* ونزاع موجب فساددر زیرا آدمک جرحی فسادک عینیدر* وآدمک عدم خلقنده سعی اتمک انک دمی سفکنده بلکه اولاد بنک دماسی سفکنده سعی اتمکدر

So that which the angels said concerning Adam is the very thing into which they fell in [their] dispute with the Real. That is, corruption, bloodshed and whatever else the angels attributed and ascribed to Adam: that very thing issued from them in [their] objection to the Real, and that is dispute. Dispute necessitates corruption, for disparaging Adam is corruption itself. And striving for Adam's not being created is striving for the shedding of his blood, indeed for the shedding of the blood of his children.

Jāmī

﴿هو عين ما هم فيه مع الحق﴾

منهما حال اعتراضهم على الحق والطعن في آدم

in with the Real] from both of these, in the state of their objecting to the Real and impugning Adam

Bālī Zāde

﴿هو عين ما هم فيه مع الحق﴾

وهذا من إعطاء نشأتهم

and this is from what their constitution (nashʾa) grants them

al-Jandī

﴿فلولا أنّ نشأتهم تعطي ذلك ، ما قالوا في حق آدم ما قالوه﴾

يعني رضي الله عنه : النزاع والاعتراض من حيث ما ذكرنا من سراية أحدية جمع النشأة الطبيعية الكليّة ، « وهم لا يشعرون » بذلك لغلبة الحال وحكم البساطة والوحدة بالفعل ظاهرا ، وأعطى ذلك هذا الاعتراض والسعي في الجرح ، فقالوا في حق آدم ما قالوه وهم لا يشعرون .قال رضي الله عنه

He, may God be pleased with him, means: the contention and objection arose from what we have mentioned — the permeation of the unitary all-comprehensiveness (aḥadiyyat jamʿ) of the universal natural configuration — "while they were not aware" of this, due to the dominance of the [spiritual] state and the ruling of simplicity and outward actual unity. This gave rise to this objection and the striving to find fault, so they said concerning Adam what they said, while they were not aware.He, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فلو لا أن نشأتهم تعطى ذلك، ما قالوا في حق آدم ما قالوه، وهم لا يشعرون﴾

أي، فلو لا أن نشأتهم التي حجبتهم عن معرفة مرتبة آدم تعطى ذلك النزاع. ماقالوا في حق آدم ما قالوه، وهم لا يشعرون إن استعداداتهم وذواتهم يقتضى ذلك الذي نسبوا إلى آدم، كما قيل: "كل إناء يترشح بما فيه." وهذا تنبيه على أن الملائكة التي نازعوا في آدم ليسوا من أهل الجبروت، ولامن أهل الملكوت السماوية، فإنهم لغلبة النورية عليهم وإحاطتهم بالمراتب يعرفون شرف الإنسان الكامل ورتبته عند الله وإن لم يعرفوا حقيقته كما هي، بل الملائكة الأرض والجن والشياطين الذين غلبت عليهم الظلمة والنشأة الموجبة للحجاب وفي قوله: "إني جاعل في الأرض خليفة". بتخصيص (الأرض) بالذكر، و إن كان الكامل خليفة في العالم كله في الحقيقة، إيماء أيضا بأن ملائكة الأرض هم الطاعنون، إذ الطعن لا يصدر إلا ممن هو في معرض ذلك المنصب، وأهل السماوات مدبرات للعالم العلوي بالقصد الأولى، وللسفلى بالقصد الثاني. وإذا حققت الأمر وأمعنت النظر، تجدهم في هذه النشأة الإنسانية أيضا أنهم هم المفسدون - كما قال الله: "ألا أنهم هم المفسدون ولكن لا يشعرون". ألا ترى أن القوة الشهوية والغضبية هما ملكان من ملائكة الأرض، هما اللتان تغلبان على النفس الناطقة ويجعلان لها أسيرا منقادا لأفاعيلهما وأغراضهما. وعند ذلك تصير النفس (أمارة بالسوء) فهم المفسدون في الحقيقة. وكون السفك والفساد صادرا من القوى الجسمانية لا الروحانية القلبية، دليل واضح على ما ذهبنا إليه من أن أهل الجبروت والملكوت السماوية لا يتنازعون مع الحق ولا يخالفون أمره ونهيه، إذ القوى الروحانية والقلبية لا يتأتى منهم ما يخالف أمر الله، فافهم تنبيه اعلم، أن هذه المقاولة يختلف باختلاف العوالم التي يقع التقاول فيها: فإن كان واقعا في العالم المثالي فهو شبيه المكالمة الحسية. وذلك بأن يتجلى لهم الحق تجليا مثاليا كتجليه لأهل الآخرة بالصور المختلفة كما نطق به حديث (التحول)، وإن كان واقعا في عالم الأرواح من حيث تجردها فهو كالكلام النفسي. فيكون قول الله لهم إلقاؤه في قلوبهم المعنى المراد، وهو جعله خليفة في الأرض من غيرهم. وقولهم عدم رضاهم بذلك وإنكارهم له، الناشئين من احتجابهم برؤية أنفسهم وتسبيحهم عن مرتبة من هو أكمل منهم، واطلاعهم على نقائصه دون كمالاته. ومن هذا التنبيه يتنبه الفطن على كلام الله ومراتبه: فإنه عين المتكلم في مرتبة، ومعنى قائم به في أخرى كالكلام النفسي وإنه مركب من الحروف و معبر بها في عالمي المثالي والحسي بحسبهما. كما بينا في رسالتنا المسمى بكشف الحجاب عن كلام رب الأرباب. والله أعلم. قوله

That is, had their constitution—which veiled them from knowledge of Adam's rank—not entailed that contention, they would not have said what they said concerning Adam, while being unaware that their preparednesses (isti'dādāt) and essences (dhawāt) necessitated that which they attributed to Adam, as it has been said: 'Every vessel oozes with what is in it.' This is an indication that the angels who contended concerning Adam are neither among the people of the Jabarūt nor among the people of the heavenly Malakūt. For these latter, by virtue of the predominance of luminosity over them and their encompassing knowledge of the ranks, know the nobility of the perfect human and his rank with God, even if they do not know his reality as it truly is. Rather, [the contenders were] the angels of the earth, the jinn, and the satans over whom darkness and the constitution necessitating veiling predominate. And in His statement, 'I am placing on the earth a vicegerent,' the specification of 'the earth' for mention—even though the perfect human is in reality a vicegerent in the entire cosmos—is also an indication that the angels of the earth are the ones who raised objection, since objection can only issue from one who stands as a candidate for that very office; whereas the people of the heavens govern the higher world by primary intent, and the lower world by secondary intent. And if you verify the matter and look closely, you will find that they, in this human constitution also, are the ones who cause corruption—as God said: 'Indeed, it is they who are the corrupters, but they are not aware.' Do you not see that the concupiscent and irascible faculties are two angels among the angels of the earth, which overcome the rational soul and make it a captive, subjugated to their acts and purposes? At that point the soul becomes 'commanding to evil' (ammāra bi'l-sū'), so they are the true corrupters. And the fact that bloodshed and corruption issue from the corporeal faculties, not the spiritual, heart-related ones, is clear proof of what we have maintained: that the people of the Jabarūt and the heavenly Malakūt do not contend with the Real nor oppose His command and prohibition, since the spiritual and heart-related faculties cannot produce anything that opposes God's command. Understand this. An indication (tanbīh): Know that this address (muqāwala) differs according to the difference of the worlds in which the address takes place. If it occurs in the imaginal world (al-'ālam al-mithālī), it resembles sensory conversation—the Real disclosing Himself to them by an imaginal self-disclosure (tajallī), as He discloses Himself to the people of the afterlife in various forms, as expressed in the hadith of transformation (al-taḥawwul). If it occurs in the world of spirits with respect to their disembodiment (tajarrud), it is like inner speech (al-kalām al-nafsī). Thus God's speech to them would be His casting into their hearts the intended meaning—namely, His making [Adam] a vicegerent on the earth rather than them; and their statement would be their non-acceptance of that and their objection to it, both arising from their being veiled by the vision of themselves and their glorifying themselves above the rank of one more perfect than themselves, and from their awareness of his deficiencies without his perfections. From this indication, the discerning person becomes alert to the speech of God and its levels: for it is identical with the Speaker in one respect, and a meaning subsisting in Him in another, like inner speech—and it is composed of letters and expressed by them in the imaginal and sensory worlds, each according to its mode—as we have explained in our treatise entitled Kashf al-Ḥijāb 'an Kalām Rabb al-Arbāb (The Unveiling of the Veil from the Speech of the Lord of Lords). And God knows best. His statement—

﴿فلولا نشأتهم تعطى ذلك، ما قالوا في حق آدم ما قالوا﴾

تصريح على أن المراد بالنشأة هنا هي النشأة التي تخصهم. أي، قالت الملائكة من حيث نشأتهم التي هم عليها

is an explicit statement that what is meant by 'constitution' here is the constitution particular to them [the angels]. That is, the angels spoke from the standpoint of the constitution upon which they themselves are.

Jāmī

﴿فلولا أن نشأتهم تعطي ذلك﴾

النزاع مع الحق سبحانه ويقتضي ذلك الاعتراض

contention with the Real, glory be to Him, and necessitates that objection

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلولا أن نشأتهم تعطى لهم ذلك … لما قالوا في حق آدم ما قالوه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وفيه اعتذار من جانبهم (ولكن لا يشعرون) أنهم كانوا أصحاب النزاع بقولهم أتجعل وذكر الشعور دون العلم يدل على أن نزاعهم مع الحق تعالى. قد بلغ غاية الظهور فكان كالمحسوس المشاهد فإذا لم يشعروا مخالفة أنفسهم مع الحق لم يعرفوا نفوسهم وأحوالهم

and in this is an excuse on their part ("but they are not aware") that they were the parties to the dispute by their saying "Will You place"; and the mention of awareness (shuʿūr) rather than knowledge (ʿilm) indicates that their dispute with the Real, exalted is He, had reached the utmost degree of manifestation, such that it was like something sensed and witnessed. So if they were not aware of their own opposition to the Real, they did not know their own selves and states

Bosnevî

﴿فلولا ان نشأتهم تعطي ذلك ما قالوا في حق آدم ما قالوه﴾

پس اگر ملائکه تک نشأت طبیعیه لری ویانشأت جزئیه ناقصه لری ونشأت بسیطه ملکیلری آدمک حقنده بواعتراضی اعطا ایتمیبدی آدمک حقنده أتجعل فیها من یفسد فیها و یسفک الدماء دیدکاری قولی دیمزلردی

So if the angels' natural nashʾa (constitution), or their partial, deficient constitution and their simple angelic constitution, had not granted this objection concerning Adam, they would not have said concerning Adam the words they said: 'Will You place on it one who will cause corruption on it and shed blood?'

Jāmī

﴿ما قالوا في حق آدم ما قالوه وهم لا يشعرون﴾

مع الحق سبحانه

[that this was contention] with the Real, glory be to Him

Words 50–52 · 1 of 8

وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ

Only Bosnevî comments here.

Bosnevî

﴿وهم لا يشعرون﴾

وحال بوکه ملائکه غلبه حالده حقله نزاع ایدوب اکااعتراض ایتد کارینه وآدمه اسناد ایتد کاری نقایض ومذامه ارتکاب ایتدکارینه شعورلری یوقدر

Yet the angels, in [their] overpowered state (ghalaba-yi ḥāl), have no awareness that they contended with the Real (al-Ḥaqq) and objected to Him, nor that they committed the defects and blameworthy things which they ascribed to Adam.

al-Jandī

﴿فلو عرفوا نفوسهم ، لعلموا ولو علموا لعصموا﴾

أي إنّ مقتضى ذاتهم ونوريّتهم وبساطتهم هو عدم الاعتراض والاعتساف ، والاتّصاف بحقائق الإنصاف . لعصموا عن وقوع المنازعة .قال رضي الله عنه

; and had they known, they would have been safeguarded] That is: what their essence, luminosity, and simplicity require is the absence of objection and deviation, and being characterized by the realities of fairness. Had they known, they would have been safeguarded from the occurrence of contention.He, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فلو عرفوا نفوسهم لعلموا، ولو علموا لعصموا﴾

أي، لو عرفوا ذواتهم وحقائقهم، لعلموا لوازمها من كمالاتها ونقائصها وعدم علمها بمرتبة الإنسان الكامل، وبأن لله تعالى أسماء ما يحققوا بها. ولو علموا ذلك، لعصموا من نقائص الجرح لغيرهم وتزكية أنفسهم. ولما كان العلم اليقيني موجبا لخلاص النفس عن الوقوع في المهالك غالبا، قال، رضى الله عنه: (ولوعلموا لعصموا.) قوله

That is, had they known their essences and realities, they would have known the necessary concomitants thereof, of their perfections and deficiencies, and their lack of knowledge of the rank of the perfect human, and that God, exalted is He, has names by which they were not realized. And had they known that, they would have been safeguarded from the deficiencies of disparaging others and extolling themselves. And since certain knowledge generally necessitates the deliverance of the soul from falling into ruinous things, he—may God be pleased with him—said: 'and had they known, they would have been safeguarded.' His statement—

Ibn Turka

﴿فلو عرفوا نفوسهم﴾

الجزئيّة بحقائقها وخصوصيّاته ( لعلموا ) أن ذلك القول عين الإفساد ، وأنّ تجريح آدم به تجريح لأنفسهم

[so had they known their own selves] their particular selves, in their realities and particularities, (they would have known) that this utterance was itself corruption, and that impugning Adam through it was an impugning of their own selves

Jāmī

﴿فلو عرفوا نفوسهم﴾

ونشأتهم التي تخصهم لعلموا أن ما قالوه هو النزاع مع الحق سبحانه الذي هو من لوازم نشأتهم وأحكام نفوسهم

and the constitution proper to them, they would have known that what they said is the very contention with the Real, glory be to Him, which is among the concomitants of their constitution and the properties of their selves

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلو عرفوا نفوسهم لعلموا﴾

ربهم ولم يعلمو

their Lord, but they did not know

Bosnevî

﴿فلو عرفوا نفوسهم لعلموا﴾

شویله معلوم اوله که* واذقال ربک للملائکة انی جاعل فی الارض خلیفة» قولنده ملائکه دن عقل کلک وقلم اعلانک حیطتی تحتنده داخله اولان ملائکه درکه اسماء تنز یهیه ایله حقی تسبیح وتقدیس ایدرلر وآنلر سموات سبعک فوقنده اولان ملاء اعلادرکه اختصام ایله موصوفلر در* عقل کلک حکمندن خارجه اولان ملائکه مهیمه دکلدرکه جمال الهی جلالنده آنار مستهلکه در حقدن غیری آنلرک معروف ومشهودی یوقدر بلکه آنلرک برنوعی حقک شهودی استهلاکنه کندی نفوسن دخی بیلزلر* انی جاعل فی الارض خلیفة* حطابی استماع ایتمکه انلرده قابلیت یوقدر تاکم انلر خطابده داخله اوله لر* وملائکه ارض دخی دکللردر* واما بومحلده داود قیصری رحمه الله دیرکه* ان الملائکة الذین نازعوا فی آدم لیست من اهل الجبروت ولا من اهل الملکوت السعویه فانهم لغلبة لنوریة علیهم واحاطتهم بالمراتب یعرفون شرف الانسان الکامل ورتبته عند الله وان لم یعرفوا حقیقته کما هی بل ملائکة الارض والجن والشیاطین الذین غلبت علیهم الظلمة والنشأة الموجبة للحجاب* پس عند التحقیق (١٢٩)) التحقیق داود قیصری کلامتک وجهی یوقد رزیرا جبروت وملکوت اهلی اولان ملائکه نک نشأتلری طبیعیه ونورانیه وروحانیه اولمغله ونوریه انلر اوزره غلبه ایتمکله* نشأت عنصریه جسمانیه آدمیه یه انار مخالفدر اندن اوری ملاء اعلی اوزره نورانیه غلبه ایتمکله آدمی فساده وسفک دمایه نسبت ایتدیلر* وملائکه ارض ایله جن وشیاطین اوزره ظلمت ایله حجابی موجبه اولان نشأت غلبه ایتمکله بونلر آدم حقنده اعتراض ایدوب نزاع ایتمک لازم کلمز زیرا ملائکه ده حجاب ظلت آدمک جرحنه سبب دکلدر زیرا بو وجه ایله انلرک نشئه لری آدم نشئه سنک صدی دکلدر بلکه نشأ تلرنده احتجاب وظلمت بروجهله نشأت آدمیه ایله مناسبتی موجبد ر پس جرح وطعنه سبب اولان آنلرک نشأتلر نده اولان نوریه که نشأت آدمه مغایردر* وملاء اعلاد ، نشأت طبیعیه در زیرا طبیعت متقابله در* انکیچون الله تعالی سموات سبعک خدمتنده اولان ملاء اعلایی اختصام ایله وصف ایلدی* تسبیح وتقدیس احتجا بی اولان ملاء اعلا آدم علیه السلامک خلافتی حقند . ه حق تعالی به اعتراض ایدوب مقابله ایلدیلرنته کم ونحن نسبح بحمدک ونقدس لک* قولنده مصر حدر پس داود قیصر ینک کلامی مدعاسنک خلافنی منتجدر* زیرا دیر که جبروت وملکوت اهلی اوزره نوریت غالبه در پس آنلر طعن ایتمدیلر وحال بو که آنلردن نوریتک غلبه سی عدم طعنی موجب دکلدر بلکه طعنی موجبدر* زیرا نشأت آدم انلرک نشأتلرینه متغایره در وکذلک ملائکه ارضده اولان ظلمت و حجا بده مغایره دکلدر بلکه ظلمت و حجابده آدم ایله مناسب تلرندن اوری آنلردخی آدم کبی ارضه مخصوص قلندیلر وشیخ رضی الله عنه فتوحاتنده* وشاورهم فی الامر* قولنده مشورتک حکمی حقنده ایتدی والسبب الموجب للمشورة کون الحق له وجه خاص فی محل موجود لا یکون بغیر ذلک الموجود فقد باقی الحق سبحانه فی امر مالا یلقیه فن هواعلی منه طبقة کعلم الاسماءلا دم مع کون الملاء الاعلا عند الله اشرف منه ومع هذا فکان عند آدم ما لم یکن عندهم* پس شیخ رضی الله تعالی عنه بونده تصریح ایلدیکه آدم قتنده اولان اسماء ملاء اعلاقتنده یوقدر* پس بوندن سکامعلوم اولور 5 که* اتجعل فیها من یفسد فیها ویفسک الدماء ونحن نسبح بحمدک ونقدس لک* قولنی قاله اولان ملاء اعلا در و آنلر سموات سبعک فوقنده اولان طبیعیوندر وبوندن اول ایراد اولنان شیخک کلامنده ملاء اعلا آدم حقنده واقع اولان* ١٧ ل فص : اعتراضده داخله اولدیغی وحقه اعتراض ایتدیکی مصر حدر) فلو عرفوا نفوسهم لعلموا) پس اگر ملائکه نفوسلرین معرفت جزئیه ایله عارف اولیدیلر یعنی آدمک حقیقتدن برجزء وقواسندن برقوه ایدکلرین بیلدیار تحقیق معرفت کلیه ایله نفسلرین بلورلر ایدیکه وحدت وبساطت مقتضاسی اوزره آنلرده نزاع واعتراض بو قدر بلکه کندی وجود لرنده آدمک بعض صفات الهظهورن مشاهده ایدرلر ایدی ویاخود واکر کندی نفسلرین وذاتلرین معرفت جزئیه ایله عارف اولیدیلر آدمک کلیتن وخلافت معرفته کلیه ایله انک استحقاقن وکندیلر ینک خلافت استحقاقلرین عارف اولورلر ایدی

Let it be known thus: in [the] words “And when your Lord said to the angels: I am placing on the earth a vicegerent (khalīfa)” (Q 2:30), the angels [meant] are the angels who are included under the encompassing [scope] of the ʿaql kull (Universal Intellect) and the qalam aʿlā (Supreme Pen). They glorify and sanctify the Real with the asmāʾ tanzīhiyya (names of transcendence), and they are the malaʾ aʿlā (Highest Assembly) above the seven heavens, who are described by ikhtiṣām (disputing). They are not the malāʾika muhayyama (enraptured angels), who are outside the jurisdiction of the Universal Intellect and are consumed in the majesty of the divine beauty. They have nothing known and witnessed other than the Real; rather, one kind of them does not even know themselves, because they are consumed in witnessing the Real. They have no receptivity for hearing the address “I am placing on the earth a vicegerent,” such that they would be included in the address. Nor are they the angels of the earth. At this place, however, Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (may God have mercy on him) says: “The angels who contended concerning Adam are not of the people of the Jabarūt, nor of the people of the heavenly Malakūt. Because luminosity predominates over them and because they encompass the marātib (levels), these know the nobility of the insān kāmil (perfect human) and his rank with God, even if they do not know his ḥaqīqa (reality) as it is. Rather, [they are] the angels of the earth, the jinn and the devils, over whom darkness and the nashʾa (configuration) that necessitates the veil have predominated.” Upon verification, however, al-Qayṣarī's words have no justification. The configurations of the angels who are the people of the Jabarūt and the Malakūt are natural, luminous and spiritual, and luminosity predominates over them, so the elemental, bodily, Adamic configuration is contrary to them. Because luminosity predominated over the Highest Assembly, they ascribed corruption and bloodshed to Adam. As for the angels of the earth, the jinn and the devils, it does not follow that, because darkness and the configuration that necessitates the veil predominate over them, they would object and contend concerning Adam. For in the angels the veil of darkness is not a cause for disparaging Adam, since in this respect their configuration is not the opposite of Adam's configuration. Rather, the veiledness and darkness in their configurations necessitate, in a certain way, an affinity with the Adamic configuration. So what causes disparagement and reproach is the luminosity in their configurations, which differs from Adam's configuration. And the configuration of the Highest Assembly is natural, because nature is [made of] mutual opposites. For that reason God Most High described with disputing the Highest Assembly who are in the service of the seven heavens. The Highest Assembly, whose veil is glorification and sanctification, objected to God Most High concerning the vicegerency (khilāfa) of Adam (upon him be peace) and opposed [Him], as is explicit in [their] words “while we glorify with Your praise and sanctify You” (Q 2:30). So al-Qayṣarī's words yield the opposite of his claim. For he says that luminosity predominates over the people of the Jabarūt and the Malakūt, so they did not reproach [Adam]. Yet the predominance of luminosity in them does not necessitate the absence of reproach; rather, it necessitates reproach, because Adam's configuration differs from their configurations. Likewise, the darkness and veil in the angels of the earth are not different [from Adam]. Rather, because of their affinity with Adam in darkness and veil, they too, like Adam, were made specific to the earth. And the Shaykh (raḍiya llāhu ʿanhu), in his Futūḥāt, said concerning the wisdom of consultation, in [the] words “and consult them in the matter” (Q 3:159): “The cause that necessitates consultation is that the Real has a special face in [every] existent locus, which is not [found] in other than that existent. So the Real, glory be to Him, may cast into [someone] a matter which He does not cast into one who is higher than him in rank, like the knowledge of the names to Adam, although the Highest Assembly is nobler with God than he. And yet Adam had what they did not have.” So the Shaykh (raḍiya llāhu taʿālā ʿanhu) declared explicitly here that the names which are with Adam are not with the Highest Assembly. From this it becomes known to you that those who spoke the words “Will You place therein one who will work corruption therein and shed blood, while we glorify with Your praise and sanctify You?” (Q 2:30) are the Highest Assembly, and they are the natural ones (ṭabīʿiyyūn) above the seven heavens. And in the Shaykh's words cited before this, it is explicit that the Highest Assembly was included in the objection that took place concerning Adam and that they objected to the Real. (So if they had known themselves they would have known) So if the angels had known themselves with a maʿrifa juzʾiyya (particular knowledge), that is, if they had known that they are a part of Adam's reality and a faculty among his faculties, they would indeed have known themselves with a maʿrifa kulliyya (universal knowledge). [They would have known] that, according to what unity and simplicity require, there is no contention and objection in them. Rather, they would have witnessed in their own wujūd (being) the ẓuhūr (manifestation) of some of Adam's divine attributes. Or else: if they had known their own selves and essences with a particular knowledge, they would have known Adam's universality, and, with a universal knowledge of vicegerency, his entitlement to it and their own entitlement to vicegerency.

Ibn Turka

﴿ولو علموا﴾

ذلك ( لعصموا منه )

[and had they known] that, (they would have been protected from it)

Jāmī

﴿ولو علموا﴾

ذلك ( لعصموا) من الإقدام على النزاع متن نص فصوص الحكم: ثم لم يقفوا مع التجريح حتى زادوا في الدعوى بما هم عليه من التقديس والتسبيح . وعند آدم من الأسماء الإلهية ما لم تكن الملائكة تقف عليها ؛ فما سبحت ربها بها ولا قدسته عنها تقديس آدم وتسبيحه. فوصف الحق لنا ما جرى لنقف عنده ونعم الأدب مع الله تعالى. فلا ندعي ما نحن متحققون به وحاوون عليه بالتقييد . فكيف أن نطلق في الدعوى , فنعم بها ما ليس لنا بحال, ولا نحن منه على علم فنفتضح؟ فهذا التعريف الإلهي مما أدب الحق به عباده الأدباء الأمناء الخلفاء. شرح الجامي : فإنهم من الملائكة الذين لا يعصون الله ما أمرهم، فلو علموا أن ما قالوه نزاع مع الله سبحانه و عصيان لأمره ما وقع منهم ذلك القول. وإنما وقع منهم الذهول عن هذا المعنى. وأيضا ليس من مقتضى الإنصاف إذا أطلع أحد على أمر مذموم في نفسه أن يطعن به في غيره ويجرحه

that, (they would have been preserved) from venturing into contention. The text of the Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam: Then they did not stop at fault-finding until they increased in their claim by virtue of the glorification and hallowing they possessed. Yet Adam possessed, of the divine names, what the angels did not comprehend; so they did not glorify their Lord by them, nor hallow Him of them, with the hallowing and glorification of Adam. Thus the Real described to us what occurred, so that we might halt at it — and how excellent is courtesy (adab) with God, the Exalted! So let us not claim, absolutely, what we are actually realized in and possess only in restricted (muqayyad) measure. How then could we make an unrestricted claim, thereby generalizing to ourselves what is not truly our state, and what we have no knowledge of, thus exposing ourselves? This divine instruction is among that by which the Real disciplined His servants, the courteous, the trustworthy, the vicegerents. Jāmī's commentary: For they are among the angels who do not disobey God in what He commands them; had they known that what they said was contention with God, glory be to Him, and disobedience to His command, that statement would not have issued from them. Rather, what occurred from them was heedlessness (dhuhūl) regarding this meaning. Moreover, it is not required by fairness that, if someone becomes aware of something blameworthy in himself, he should impugn another with it and discredit him

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولو علموا﴾

ربهم (لعصموا) عن قولهم في حق آدم كما عصموا بعد العلم بإظهار الحجة عليهم

their Lord (they would have been protected) from their statement regarding Adam, just as they were protected afterward through the knowledge produced by the manifestation of the proof against them

Bosnevî

﴿ولو علموا لعصموا﴾

واکر کندی نفسارین عارف اولیدیلر ویاخود واکر فوقلرنده آدم نشته سنک کلیتن عالم اولیدیلر آدمک حقنده حقله نزاعدن وآدمک تجر یحندن ونفسلرینک تزکیه سندن عصمت اولنورلر (دی* پس انلردن نزاع صادر اولمزدی

And if they had known themselves, or else if they had known the universality of Adam's nashʾa (configuration) above them, they would have been protected from contending with the Real concerning Adam, from disparaging Adam, and from declaring themselves pure. So no contention would have issued from them.

al-Jandī

﴿ثمّ لم يقفوا مع التجريح حتى زادوا في الدعوى بما هم عليه من التقديس والتسبيح .وعند آدم من الأسماء الإلهية ما لم تكن الملائكة تقف عليها فما سبّحته بها ، ولا قدّسته عنها تقديس آدم وتسبيحه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد : اعلم : أنّ التسبيح تعريف الحق والثناء عليه بأسماء السلب والتنزيه ، ولمّا كان في نشأة آدم من حقائق الكمال ونقائضها من النقائص التي ليست في نشآت الملكية .فما أثبت الملائكة على الحق أي وما عرفته من حيث تلك الكمالات الخصيصة بالجمعية الإنسانية ، ولا نزّهت الحقّ ولا قدّسته ولا سبّحته عن نقائض تلك الكمالات من النقائص تسبيح ذوق وتقديس حال .تقديس آدم وتسبيحة لكونه جامعا لحقائق الكمالات ونقائضها وعدم جمعية الملائكة ، فافهم .قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

The servant [i.e., the author] said: Know that glorification (tasbīḥ) is the making-known of the Real and praise of Him by the names of negation and transcendence (tanzīh). Since Adam's configuration contained the realities of perfection and their opposites — deficiencies not found in the angelic configurations —the angels did not affirm of the Real, that is, did not know Him in respect of those perfections peculiar to human all-comprehensiveness (jamʿiyya), nor did they declare the Real transcendent, nor sanctify Him, nor glorify Him from the opposites of those perfections — namely, the deficiencies — with a glorification of direct tasting (dhawq) and a sanctification of [experiential] state,as did Adam's sanctification and glorification, because he was comprehensive of the realities of the perfections and their opposites, whereas the angels lacked such comprehensiveness. So understand.The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ثم لم يقفوا مع التجريح حتى زادوا في الدعوى بما هم عليه من التقديس والتسبيح﴾

أي، ما اكتفوا بالطعن والجرح في آدم، بل زكوا أنفسهم وظهروا بدعوى التقديس والتسبيح، ولو علموا حقيقتهم، لعلموا أن الحق هو المسبح والمقدس لنفسه في مظاهرهم، وأن هذه الدعوى توجب الشرك الخفي. قوله

That is, they were not content with censuring and disparaging Adam, but rather extolled themselves and manifested a claim of sanctification and glorification. Had they known their reality, they would have known that it is the Real who glorifies and sanctifies Himself in their loci of manifestation, and that this claim necessitates hidden associationism (shirk khafī). His statement—

Ibn Turka

﴿ثمّ لم يقفوا بالتجريح﴾

لآدم وعدّ مثالبه

[then they did not stop at impugning] Adam and enumerating his faults

Jāmī

﴿ثم لم يقفوا مع التجريح … حتى زادوا في الدعوى بما هم عليه من التسبيح والتقديس﴾

حيث أطلقوا في دعوى التسبيح والتقديس ولم يتقيدوا بما هم عليه منهما . فتبادر منه أنهم يسبحونه ويقدسونه كل التسبيحات والتقديسات وليس الأمر كذلك ?یف

in that they made an unrestricted claim of glorification and hallowing without confining themselves to what they actually possessed of the two. Thus it was inferred therefrom that they glorify and hallow Him with every [possible] glorification and hallowing, though the matter is not so. How [could it be]?

Bālī Zāde

﴿ثم لم يقفوا مع التجريع حتى زادوا في الدعوى بما هم عليه من التقديس والتسبيح﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وثم لبعد مرتبة دعوى التزكية عن التجريح لأن فيه ارتكاب النهي ظاهرا كقوله تعالى: "فل تزكوا أنفسكم " 32 سورة النجم. بخلاف قولهم : أتجعل فيها وحتى للتجاوز عن الحد وفيه نوع من التشنيع والتوبيخ (و) الحال أن (عند آدم) كان

and "then" (thumma) indicates the remoteness of the rank of the claim of purification (tazkiya) from mere censure, because in it lies an apparent violation of the prohibition, as in His saying: "So do not claim purity for yourselves" (Q. 53:32) — unlike their saying "Will You place therein"; and "until" (ḥattā) indicates transgression of the limit, and in it is a kind of reproach and rebuke. (And) the state was that (with Adam) there was

Bosnevî

﴿ثم لم يقفوا مع التجريح حتي زادوا في الدعوي بما هم عليه من التقديس والتسبيح﴾

اندنصکره ملائکه آدمک تجریحی قتنده ثابته اولمدیلر یعنی آدمک جرحی ایله اکتفا ایتمدیلر حتی انک تجریحی اوزره دعواده زیاده ایتدیلر شول شیئی که انلر تقدیس وتسبیحدن آنک اوزره ثابت ایدیلر یعنی آدمک افساد وسفک دما ایله اتصافن ادعا ایتد کارنده* ونحن نسبح بحمدک ونقدس لک* قوللری ایله تسبیح وتقدیسلرین بیان ایتمکله دعوا لرین زیاده ایتدیلر» پس مدام ونقا یصی آدمه وتقدیس وتسبیحی کندی نفسلرینه تخصیص ایتدیلر

After that, the angels did not stop at disparaging Adam; that is, they were not content with disparaging Adam. Rather, on top of disparaging him, they went so far as to add in the claim that sanctification and glorification in which they were established. That is, when they claimed that Adam was characterized by corruption and bloodshed, they increased their claim by stating their glorification and sanctification with their words “while we glorify with Your praise and sanctify You” (Q 2:30). So they assigned the blameworthy things and the defects specifically to Adam, and sanctification and glorification to themselves.

Ibn Turka

﴿حتّى زادوا في الدعوى بما هم عليه من التقديس والتسبيح - وعند آدم من الأسماء الإلهيّة ما لم تكن الملائكة عليها﴾

كالأسماء الوجوديّة والأوصاف الثبوتيّة التي هي مقتضى طرف التشبيه

[until they went further in their claim, boasting of the sanctification and glorification they possessed — whereas Adam possessed of the divine Names what the angels did not possess] such as the existential Names and affirmative attributes which are the requirement of the aspect of similarity (tashbīh)

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وعند آدم من الأسماء الإلهية ما لم تكن الملائكة تقف عليها، فما سبحتربها بها ولا قدسته عنها تقديس آدم وتسبيحه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

"الملائكة" هنا هم الطاعنون في آدم، أو الملائكة مطلقا، ليكون (اللام) للعهد في الأول والجنس في الثاني، وكلاهما حق. فإن كلا منها له مقام معين، لا يمكن له التجاوز عنه ولا تسبيح له إلابحسب ذلك المقام، بخلاف الإنسان فان مقامه يشتمل على جميع المقامات،علوا وسفلا، وهو مسبح فيها كلها، يعلم ذلك من أحاط علمه بمطلع قوله تعالى: و "إن من شئ إلا يسبح بحمده". وشاهد كيفية تسبيحهم الحسى والمثالي والمعنوي بلسان حالهم واستعدادهم في كل حين، وعرف أنه مسبح في مراتب نقصانه، كما أنه مسبح في مراتب كماله، فنقصانه أيضا من وجه كماله ألا ترى أن (التواب) و (الغفار) و (العفو) و (الرؤف) و (الرحيم) و (المنتقم) و (القهار) . وأمثالها يقتضى المخالفة والذنب، كاقتضاء (الرب) المربوب و (الرزاق) المرزوق . فالحكمة الإلهية اقتضت ظهور المخالفة من الإنسان ليظهر منه الرحمة والغفران، كما جاء في الحديث القدسي: "لو لم تذنبوا، لذهبت بكم وخلقتخلقا يذنبون ويستغفرون فأغفر لهم." وأيضا، المخالفة للأمر في الظاهر إنما هي للإنقياد بمقتضى الإرادة في الباطن، إذ كل يعمل بمقتضى الاسم الذي هو ربه، فهو في عين الطاعة لربه عند الإتيان بالمعصية وإن كان مخالفا للأمر في الصورة. وأيضا، الذنب يقتضى الانكسار والافتقار إلى الرحمة والرجاء في المغفرة، و عدمه غالبا يقتضى العجب والأنانية، وهو أشد من الذنب كقوله، عليه السلام: ( %~% لو لم تذنبوا، لخشيت عليكم ما هو أشد من الذنب: ألا، وهو العجب العجب العجب). ولهذه الحكمة خلق آدم بيديه، أي بصفاته الجلالية و الجمالية. ولذلك ظهر في ابني آدم، قابيل وهابيل، ما كان مستورا فيه من الطاعة والمخالفة، فظهر أن الطاعة في أحدهما والمخالفة في آخر

'The angels' here are either those who raised objection against Adam, or the angels absolutely—so that the definite article would be for specific reference (al-'ahd) in the first case, and for the genus (al-jins) in the second—and both are valid. For each of them has a specific station which it cannot transcend, and its glorification is only according to that station, unlike the human, whose station encompasses all stations, high and low, and who glorifies [God] through all of them. This is known by one whose knowledge encompasses the purport of His saying, exalted is He: 'There is not a thing but glorifies Him with praise.' Witness the manner of their sensory, imaginal, and spiritual glorification, by the tongue of their state and preparedness at every moment, and know that he [the human] glorifies in the ranks of his deficiency just as he glorifies in the ranks of his perfection—for his deficiency, too, is, from one aspect, [an expression] of his perfection. Do you not see that [the divine names] 'the Ever-Relenting' (al-Tawwāb), 'the All-Forgiving' (al-Ghaffār), 'the Pardoner' (al-'Afuww), 'the Compassionate' (al-Ra'ūf), 'the Merciful' (al-Raḥīm), 'the Avenger' (al-Muntaqim), 'the Subduer' (al-Qahhār), and their likes, require opposition and sin, just as 'the Lord' (al-Rabb) requires one lorded-over, and 'the Provider' (al-Razzāq) requires one provided-for? Divine wisdom thus required the manifestation of opposition from the human being, so that mercy and forgiveness might manifest from Him, as it has come in the holy hadith (ḥadīth qudsī): 'Had you not sinned, I would have taken you away and created a people who sin and seek forgiveness, that I might forgive them.' Moreover, opposition to the command in the outward is only for compliance with what the [divine] will requires in the inward, since each one acts according to what the name that is his Lord requires; so he is, in reality, obedient to his Lord even in committing disobedience, even though he opposes the command in outward form. Moreover, sin requires contrition and need for mercy and hope for forgiveness, whereas the absence of sin generally requires self-admiration and egotism, which is more severe than sin, as in his saying, peace be upon him: 'Had you not sinned, I would have feared for you something more severe than sin: namely, self-admiration, self-admiration, self-admiration.' It is for this wisdom that Adam was created by His two hands—that is, by His attributes of majesty and beauty. And that is why there appeared in Adam's two sons, Cain and Abel, what had been hidden in him of obedience and opposition, obedience appearing in one of them and opposition in the other.

Jāmī

﴿وعند آدم من الأسماء الإلهية ما لم تكن الملائكة مطلعين عليها فما سبحت … ربها بها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي بتلك الأسماء

i.e., by those names

Bosnevî

﴿وعند آدم من الاسماء الالهية مالم تكن الملائكة عليها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وحالبوکه آدم قتنده اسماء الهیه دن شول جمعیت حاصله در وآدم اول جمعیت اسما ایله حتی تسبح ایدوب نقا یصدن آنی تقدیس ایدر که ملائکه اول اسمانک صفات واحکامی اوزره اولمدیلر* واول اسما ایله متحقق اولمدیلر وآنلری بیلمدیلر (فاسبحت ربهابها ولا قدسته عنها) أی عن النقایص تقدیس آدم وتسبیحه* پس آدمک جمعیتی قتنده اولان اسماء الهیه ایله ملائکه حتی تسبیح اتمد یلر واول اسماایله نقایصدن حتی تقدیس ایتمد یلر آدمک تقد یسی وآدمک تسبیحی کی* یعنی ملائکه نک قتنده حاصله اولان اسماء تنز یهیه دن غیری* دخی آدمه خصیصه اولان اسماء الهیه دن شول جماعت کثیره واردرکه آنلرک بعض یسی عالم کثرت وترکیبه متعلقدر* وبعضیستک آدمده ظهوری وآدمک آنلر ایله ، متحقق اولمسی آدمدن* آدمدن بعض ذنوب ونقایصک صد ورنه متوقفد ربس آدمک جمعیتی قتنده حاصله اولان اسما ایله آدم حتی تسبیح ایدوب بعض اسمانک مقتضیاتی اولان نقایصدن آنی تقدیس ایلد یکه ملائکه نک اول اسمایه وقوفی یوقدر* یعنی نشأت آدم صورت الهیه وکونیه یی جامعه اولمغله صورت الهیه ده اولان اسماء الهیه ایله حق تسبیح ایدوب صور کونیه اقتضا ایتدیکی نقا یصدن دخی اول اسماایله آنی تقدیس ایلدی* ملائکهد• صورت الهیه و کونیه جمعیتی اولمغله آنار آدمک تسبیح و تقدیسی ایله حتی تسبیح وتقدیس اتمدیلر* پس آدمده اولان اسماء الهیه نک جمعیتی و آدمک تسبیح وتقدیسی اجمع واکل واوسع واشملدر* ولکن ملائکه نشأت جزئیه لری ایله آدمک جمعیتنه واقفه اولمدیلر زیرا براحد حقی عارف دکادر الاانا ذاتنده حقک ظهوری قدر

Yet with Adam there is that jamʿiyya (all-comprehensiveness) of the divine names, and with that all-comprehensiveness of names Adam glorifies the Real and sanctifies Him from defects. The angels were not upon the attributes and rulings of those names, were not realized in those names, and did not know them. (so they did not glorify their Lord with them, nor sanctify Him from them) i.e. from defects, (with Adam's sanctification and glorification). So the angels did not glorify the Real with the divine names that are in Adam's all-comprehensiveness, and did not sanctify the Real from defects with those names, as Adam sanctified and as Adam glorified. That is, besides the asmāʾ tanzīhiyya (names of transcendence) present with the angels, there is also a large group of divine names specific to Adam. Some of them relate to the ʿālam (world) of multiplicity and composition. For some of them, their ẓuhūr (manifestation) in Adam and Adam's realization of them depend on certain sins and defects issuing from Adam. So Adam, with the names present in his all-comprehensiveness, glorified the Real and sanctified Him from the defects which are the requirements of certain names, [names] of which the angels have no awareness. That is, since Adam's nashʾa (configuration) gathers together the divine and the engendered (kawniyya) form, he glorified the Real with the divine names in the divine form. With those names he also sanctified Him from the defects which the engendered forms require. Since in the angels there is [not] the all-comprehensiveness of the divine and engendered form […], they did not glorify and sanctify the Real with Adam's glorification and sanctification. So the all-comprehensiveness of the divine names in Adam, and Adam's glorification and sanctification, are more comprehensive, more perfect, wider and more encompassing. But the angels, with their particular configurations, did not become aware of Adam's all-comprehensiveness, because no one knows the Real except to the extent of the Real's manifestation in his own essence.

Words 77–79 · 1 of 8

مِنْ الأَسْمَاءِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿من الأسماء الإلهية﴾

بيان لقوله ما وهو أي ما فاعل للظرف

an explanation of His saying "what," it being the subject of the adverbial clause

Words 80–83 · 1 of 8

مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ المَلَائِكَةُ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما لم تكن الملائكة﴾

مشتملة (عليها) ، ولم يكن تلك الأسماء عند الملائكة يعني ما علمت الملائكة هذه الأسماء التي علمها آدم

i.e., were not endowed with, and those names were not with the angels, meaning the angels did not know these names which Adam knew

Ibn Turka

﴿فما سبّحت ربّها بها ، ولا قدّسته عنها تقديس آدم وتسبيحه﴾

ضرورة أنّ تقديسه في عين التشبيه ، الذي هو حقيقة التقديس كما أنّ تسبيحه في نفس الحمد ، الذي هو حقيقة التسبيح . والفرق بين « التقديس » و « التسبيح » أنّ التسبيح تنزيه الحقّ عن طروّ الأوصاف ، والتقديس تطهيره عن شوائب النسب مطلقا ، فالأوّل له طرف الظهور ، كما أنّ للثاني طرف البطون ويؤيّد ذلك قوله تعالى : " إِنَّ لَكَ في النَّهارِ سَبْحاً طَوِيلًا " ، وما يقال : «" سبحات الوجه وقدس الذات ". ويلوّح عليه ظهور سين «السر» في «سبّح» ببيان حاء «الحمد » ، وفي « قدّس » قاف قابليّته دائر منه ظاهر به ، فله الحكم عليه ، ولذلك تراه مستقلَّا متفرّدا فيه وفي عدده ، وأمّا سبح : فله عقد العين الظاهرة . ويمكن أن يجعل قوله : «حتّى زادوا في الدعوى» إشارة إلى ما ادّعوا في تسبيحهم أنّه بالحمد ، فإنّه زيادة في الدعوى على ما هم عليه من التسبيح البحت الذي يقابله الحمد . ثمّ إنّه قد ظهر ممّا بيّن أنّ منشأ مقابلة الملائكة لآدم ومعارضتها له ، إنّما هو نشأتها المجرّدة المقدّسة المائلة إلى طرف الإطلاق العدمي المقابل للتقييد من الجمعيّة الاعتداليّة القابلة لظهور الإطلاق الحقيقي التي لآدم ، فسقط ما قيل هناك : "إنّ الملائكة التي نازعوا آدم هي ملائكة الأرض والجنّ والشياطين لا غير" . كيف ، وهم مسخّرون تحت قهرمان أمره وضبطه الجامع ، لقوله تعالى :"وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمْ ما في السَّماواتِ وَما في الأَرْضِ جَمِيعاً مِنْه". فلو خصّص نوع منها بتلك المقابلة لكان أهل الجبروت أولى بذلك من غيره على ما لا يخفى . ثمّ ها هنا نكتة حكميّة تنطوي على أصل : وهي أنّ للعدم نسبة إلى الذات اختصاصيّة ، وللوجود إلى الوجه كذلك كما لا يخفى على الواقفين بالرموز الحرفيّة ألا ترى أنّ الأسماء التنزيهيّة أظهر دلالة على الذات ، كما أنّ الأوصاف الثبوتيّة أبين لزوما للوجه ، وهي مقتضية للخفاء والكمون ، كما أنّه يقتضي الظهور والبروز . وهذا الحكم له سريان في جميع المراتب ، ففي مرتبة الأفعال يظهر بصورة الأمر والنهي ، وفي مرتبة صورتها وأحكامها الشرعيّة المشعرة يسمّى بالطاعة والذنب ومما علم من هذه النكتة : سرّ العبادة الذاتيّة ووجه اختصاصها بالإنسان. الغرض من ذكر القصص في القرآن ثمّ اعلم أنّ القصص الواردة في التنزيل مؤدّاها ليست مقصورة على حكاية أمم وأشخاص في الأزمنة السالفة قد انقرضت بانقراضها كما هو مبلغ أفهام محابيس مطمورة الزمان من أرباب العقائد التقليديّة والرسوم الراسخة العادية . حيث يقولون بألسنة اعتقاداتهم : « إنّها أساطير الأوّلين » جلّ عن ذلك بل إنّما هي حكاية أحوال الحقائق على ما هي عليه ، وبيان مراتب كمالها ، على ما نطقت به ألسنة استعداداتها المتشخّصة في الأفراد من الأزل إلى الأبد منطوية على جلائل الحكم ولطائف النكت ، كما يطلعك على شيء منها ما في قصّة مقابلة الملائكة المقدّسة مع الحقيقة الجمعيّة الآدميّة . فإنّ من أفرادها من اكتنف بالخصائص الروحانيّة ، وتشخّص بالملكات الملكيّة ، حيث اعتزل عن الامتزاج مع بني نوعها والاختلاط بهم ، وترهّب عن تناول المستلذات وقضاء الشهوات فانفتح به عليه أبواب اللطائف القدسيّة ، وانكشف له من الحكم الإلهيّة والمعارف التنزيهيّة . فهو الذي يقابل المحمّديين أرباب العدالة الحقيقيّة والملكات الإنسانيّة - من الواصلين إلى الأمر الوسط الجامع بين التجرّد والتعلَّق ، الحائز للتنزيه والتشبيه ، الذي عليه حقيقة التوحيد ، على ما هو موطن بلوغ الكمال الإنساني والخلافة الآدميّة . فالمجرّد المترهّب لم يزل ينازعهم في استيهال تلك الخلافة ، ولذلك ترى ألسنة أحواله يفصح دائما عن مؤدى قوله تعالى : " أَتَجْعَلُ فِيها من يُفْسِدُ فِيها وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّماءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ ". الأدب مع الله تعالى فأشار إلى ذلك بقوله

[so they neither glorified their Lord by them, nor sanctified Him from them, with the sanctification and glorification of Adam] since necessarily his sanctification lies precisely in similarity (tashbīh), which is the reality of sanctification (taqdīs), just as his glorification (tasbīḥ) lies in praise (ḥamd) itself, which is the reality of glorification. The difference between 'taqdīs' and 'tasbīḥ' is that tasbīḥ is the transcendence (tanzīh) of the Real from the occurrence of attributes, while taqdīs is His purification from the admixtures of relations (nisab) absolutely. So the first pertains to the aspect of manifestation (ẓuhūr), just as the second pertains to the aspect of nonmanifestation (buṭūn). This is confirmed by His saying, Exalted is He: "Indeed for you in the day is a long occupation (sabḥan ṭawīlan)," and by what is said: "the glorifications (sabaḥāt) of the Face and the sanctity (quds) of the Essence." It is indicated by the appearance of the sīn of 'the secret' (sirr) in 'sabbaḥa' through the manifestation of the ḥāʾ of 'praise' (ḥamd), and in 'qaddasa' the qāf of its receptivity revolves from it, manifest through it, so the ruling belongs to it; hence you see it independent and singular in it and in its numerical value. As for 'sabḥ,' it has the knot of the manifest eye (ʿayn). It is also possible to take his saying 'until they went further in their claim' as an allusion to what they claimed in their glorification, namely that it was accompanied by praise (ḥamd), which would be an excess in claim beyond the pure glorification which is opposed to praise. Then it has become clear from what has been explained that the source of the angels' opposition to Adam and their contention with him is simply their detached, sanctified constitution, inclined toward the aspect of privative absoluteness (iṭlāq ʿadamī) opposed to the delimitation of the balanced comprehensiveness (jamʿiyya iʿtidāliyya) receptive to the manifestation of true absoluteness (iṭlāq ḥaqīqī), which belongs to Adam. Thus what was said there falls away: 'that the angels who contended with Adam are only the angels of the earth, the jinn, and the satans, and no others.' How could this be, when they are all subjugated under the dominion of His command and His comprehensive governance, according to His saying, Exalted is He: "and He has subjected to you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth, all together, from Him"? So if any particular type among them were singled out for this opposition, the folk of the Jabarūt would be more fitting for it than any other, as is not hidden. Now here is a wise point (nukta) involving a principle: namely that nonexistence (ʿadam) has a special relation (nisba) to the Essence (al-dhāt), and existence (wujūd) likewise has one to the Face (wajh), as is not hidden to those versed in the symbolism of letters. Do you not see that the transcendent Names (al-asmāʾ al-tanzīhiyya) are more clearly indicative of the Essence, just as the affirmative attributes (al-awṣāf al-thubūtiyya) are more evidently necessitated by the Face, and these require concealment and latency, just as the other requires manifestation and appearance? This ruling pervades all levels: in the level of acts it appears in the form of command and prohibition, and in the level of its form and its indicative legal rulings it is called obedience and sin. And among what is known from this point is the secret of essential worship (al-ʿibāda al-dhātiyya) and the reason for its being specific to the human being. On the Purpose of Mentioning Narratives in the Qur'an. Then know that the narratives found in the Revelation, their meaning is not confined to the account of nations and individuals in bygone times who have passed away with their passing, as is the limit of the understanding of those imprisoned in the buried recesses of time among the adherents of imitative creeds and fixed customary conventions, who say with the tongues of their beliefs: 'these are the fables of the ancients' — He is exalted above that! Rather, they are only an account of the states of the realities as they are, and an exposition of the levels of their perfection, as uttered by the tongues of their particular preparednesses (istiʿdādāt) individuated in individuals from pre-eternity to post-eternity, enfolding great wisdoms and subtle points, as something of this is disclosed to you by what occurs in the story of the confrontation of the sanctified angels with the comprehensive Adamic reality. For among its individuals is one who is enveloped by spiritual particularities and individuated by angelic dispositions, having withdrawn from mixing with the members of his species and from associating with them, and having renounced the partaking of pleasures and the satisfaction of desires — so there were opened to him thereby the doors of holy subtleties, and there was disclosed to him something of the divine wisdoms and transcendent gnostic knowledges (al-maʿārif al-tanzīhiyya). He is the one who is set against the Muḥammadans, the possessors of true justice (al-ʿadāla al-ḥaqīqiyya) and human dispositions — those among the arrived ones who reach the middle station comprehending both detachment and attachment, possessing both transcendence (tanzīh) and similarity (tashbīh), upon which the reality of Divine Unity (tawḥīd) is founded, which is the abode of attaining human perfection and Adamic vicegerency (khilāfa). So the detached ascetic never ceases to contend with them over the claim to deserve that vicegerency, and this is why you see the tongues of his states constantly expressing the meaning of His saying, Exalted is He: "Will You place therein one who will work corruption therein and shed blood, while we glorify You with praise?" On Proper Conduct (Adab) with God, Exalted is He — he alluded to this by saying]

Bālī Zāde

﴿فما سبحت ربها بها ولا قدسته عنها تقدیس آدم وتسبيحه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

مع أنهم ظهروا عليه بدعوى التسبيح والتقديس بقولهم : "ونحن نسبح" 30 سورة البقرة. فادعوا ما لم يتحققوا به ولم يكونوا بحال ولا على علم منه وتركوا الأدب مع الله فوقعوا في الخجالة بعد انكشاف أحوالهم إليهم لذلك :"قالوا سبحانك لا علم لنا" 32 سورة البقرة

even though they had presumed superiority over him by claiming glorification and sanctification in their saying: "and we glorify" (Q. 2:30). So they claimed what they had not realized, and were not in the state of it nor had knowledge of it, and they abandoned proper conduct (adab) with God, and thus fell into embarrassment after their states were disclosed to them; hence: "They said: Glory be to You, we have no knowledge" (Q. 2:32)

Words 89–90 · 1 of 8

وَلَا قَدَّسَتْهُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ولا قدسته﴾

أي الملائكة الحق (عنها) ، أي عن نقائصها على حذف المضاف. فإن التقديس بالأسماء ليس عن أنفسها بل في كل تقديس باسم تقدیس عن نقيصة (تقدیس آدم و تسبیحه) تقدیس ذوق و تسبیح وجدان

i.e., the angels [did not hallow] the Real (of them), i.e., of the deficiencies associated with them, by ellipsis of the construct term (muḍāf). For hallowing by means of the names is not [a hallowing] of the names themselves; rather, in every hallowing by a name there is a hallowing from some deficiency. (The hallowing and glorification of Adam) is a hallowing of [direct] tasting (dhawq) and a glorification of [immediate] finding (wijdān)

al-Qāshānī

﴿فوصف الحق لنا ما جرى لنقف عنده ونتعلم الأدب مع الله تعالى ، فلا ندعى ما نحن متحققون به وحاوون عليه بالتقييد﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي ما أن كل واحد منا محقق به وحاو عليه والمحقق لا يلتفت لفت العبارة فلا حرج في أن تختلف الضمائر بالجمع والتوحيد ، والمراد أن الحق تعالى قص لنا القصة لنتعلم الأدب معه ، فلا نعترض ولا ندعى فيما تحقق عندنا ولا نشك فيه أنه علمنا أو حالنا على التعيين والتقييد لأنه علم الله

That is, [describing] what each one of us has realized and encompassed, and the one who has realized [it] does not pay heed to the mere wording, so there is no harm in the pronouns varying between plural and singular. What is meant is that the Real, Exalted is He, related the story to us so that we might learn courtesy with Him, and that we might not object, nor claim regarding what has been realized in us, nor doubt that it is our knowledge or our state, [claiming this] by specific designation and determination, for it is [in reality] God's knowledge.

al-Jandī

﴿فوصف الحقّ لنا ما جرى لنقف عنده ونتعلَّم الأدب مع الله تعالى ، فلا ندّعي ما أنا متحقّق به وحاو عليه بالتقيّد فكيف أن نطلق في الدعوى ، فنعمّ بها ما ليس لي بحال ، ولا أن منه على علم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني رضي الله عنه : كما ادّعت الملائكة مطلقا في التسبيح . " فنفتضح ؟ ! " عند المطالبة ، ونتعرّض المعاتبة .قال رضي الله عنه

my state, nor something of which I have knowledge] He, may God be pleased with him, means: as the angels claimed [glorification] in absolute, unrestricted terms. "So we would be exposed [to disgrace]"? when called to account, and would be subject to reproach.He, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فوصف الحق لنا ما جرى﴾

أي، في العلم بين أعيانهم، أو في العالم الروحاني بين أرواحهم. قوله

That is, in [divine] knowledge between their entities (aʿyān), or in the spiritual world between their spirits. His statement—

Ibn Turka

﴿فوصف الحقّ لنا ما جرى لنقف عنده﴾

أي عند ادعاء الكمال

[so the Real described to us what occurred, so that we might halt] at the point of claiming perfection

Jāmī

﴿فوصف الحق سبحانه لنا ما جرى﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بينه سبحانه وبين الملائكة في حق آدم

between Him, glory be to Him, and the angels concerning Adam

Bālī Zāde

﴿فوصف الحق﴾

فحكي (لنا) الحق في القرآن الكريم

and related to us — the Real, in the Noble Qurʾān

Bosnevî

﴿فوصف الحق لنا با جري لنقف عنده ونتعلم الادب مع الله تعالي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

پس حق تعالی بزه وصف ایلدی آدم حقنده انکله ملائکه بیننده» جاری اولان شبی یعنی ملائکه آدمی فساد وسفک دمایه نسبت ایدوب ذم وقدح ایتدکلر ین وکندیاری تسبیح وتقدیسه اهل اولوب خلافته استحقاقلری دعوالرین وعاقبة الامر محجوب اولد قلرین بزه وصف ایلدی* تاکم دعوای جرح قتنده بزواقف اوله وز و یاخود تاکم بزاول وصف قتند. ه واقف اوله وز واول وعظ الهی ایله متعظ اوله وز والله تعالی ایله معامله ایتمکده ادب تعلم ایده وز

So God Most High described to us what took place concerning Adam between him and the angels. That is, He described to us how the angels ascribed corruption and bloodshed to Adam and blamed and reviled [him], their claim that they themselves were worthy of glorification and sanctification and entitled to vicegerency (khilāfa), and how in the end they turned out to be veiled. [He did this] so that we might halt at the claim of disparagement, or else so that we might halt at that description, take admonition from that divine admonition, and learn adab (courtesy) in dealing with God Most High.

Words 98–99 · 1 of 8

مَا جَرَى

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما جرى﴾

من أحوال الملائكة وآدم

of the states of the angels and Adam

al-Qayṣarī

﴿لنقف عنده ونتعلم الأدب مع الله تعالى، فلا ندعي مانحن متحققون به، وحاوون عليه بالتقييد، فكيف أن نطلق في الدعوى، فنعم بها ماليس لنا بحال، ولا نحن عنه على علم فنفتضح؟ فهذا التعريف الإلهي مما أدب الحقبه عباده الأدباء الأمناء الخلفاء … ثم نرجع إلى الحكمة فنقول، اعلم أن الأمور الكلية وإن لم يكن لها وجود فيعينها، فهي معقولة معلومة بلا شك في الذهن، فهي باطنة لا تزول عن الوجود العيني﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، نعرض عن حكاية الملائكة ونرجع إلى تقرير الحكمة الإلهية. ومراده، رضى الله عنه، بيان الارتباط بين الحق والعالم، وأن الإنسان مخلوق على صورته، فبنى أصلا يتفرع عليه المقصود بقوله

and say: Know that universal matters (al-umūr al-kulliyya), even if they have no existence in their [particular] entity, are nevertheless intelligible and known without doubt in the mind; they are nonmanifest (bāṭin) [yet] do not depart from concrete existence (al-wujūd al-ʿaynī)'] That is, we turn away from the narrative of the angels and return to establishing the divine wisdom. His intention—may God be pleased with him—is to explain the connection between the Real and the cosmos, and that the human is created upon His form. He thus established a foundation upon which the intended matter branches, by his statement—

Jāmī

﴿لنقف عنده﴾

أي عند ما جرى . ولا يتجاوز عما اقتضاه من التأدب بين يدي الحق أو عند الحق. أي أمره وحكمه ونتعلم الأدب مع الله سبحانه وتعامل معه بحسب ما تقتضيه مرتبته

i.e., at what occurred, and not go beyond what it necessitates of comportment (ta'addub) before the Real or in the presence of the Real — that is, His command and His ruling — and that we might learn courtesy (adab) with God, glory be to Him, and deal with Him according to what His rank requires

Bālī Zāde

﴿لنقف عنده ونتعلم الأدب﴾

مع الله تعالى كیف، نقف عند الحق تعالى نتأدب معه ونهتدي ولا نتجاوز الحد

with God, exalted is He — how we stop with the Real, exalted is He, comport ourselves properly with Him, and are guided, and do not transgress the limit

Words 102–106 · 1 of 8

وَنَتَعَلَّمَ الأَدَبَ مَعَ اللهِ تَعَالَى

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿ونتعلَّم الأدب مع الله تعالى﴾

في مواقف مخاطبته

[and learn proper conduct (adab) with God, Exalted is He] in the stations of addressing Him

Ibn Turka

﴿فلا ندّعي ما نحن محقّقون به﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بحسب القابليّة الأصليّة

[so that we do not claim what we] verify (taḥaqquq) only by virtue of original receptivity (al-qābiliyya al-aṣliyya)

Jāmī

﴿فلا ندعي ما نحن متحققون به وحاوون عليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من الكمالات (بالتقييد) فإن الكمالات كلها. إنما هي لله سبحانه ظهرت فينا وتقيدت بحسب استعداداتنا وفابلياتنا والظهور بادعائها. إنما هو من العجب والأنانية

of the perfections (kamālāt), (with restriction) — for all the perfections belong only to God, glory be to Him; they manifested in us and became restricted according to our preparednesses (istiʿdādāt) and receptivities. And manifesting a claim to them is nothing but [an expression of] self-admiration (ʿujb) and egotism (anāniyya)

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلا ندعي ما نحن متحققون به وحاوون﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي و مشتملون (عليه) مع صدقنا في دعوانا قوله (بالتقييد) متعلق بلا ندعي

i.e., are not endowed with (it), even while being truthful in our claim. His saying ("through restriction/qualification") is connected to "so that we do not claim"

Bosnevî

﴿فلا تدعي ما انا متحقق به﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من الاسماء الالهیة) وحاو علیه) من العلوم والکمالات والاذواق (بالتقیید) وبعض نسخهده . ما نحن متحققون به وحاوون علیه «واقع اولدی پس بر تقیید ایله ادما ایمیه وزاسماء الهیه دن شول شیئکه انکله متحقق اولمشز* وعلوم وکمالات واذواقـدن آنک اوزره حاوی اولمشز* یعنی صورت الهیه و کونیه جمعیتی جامعه اولان حقیقت خلافت ایله متحقق اولان اخوان الهییندن جمله من ورث محمدی ایله خلافتک مقتضیاتی اولان جمیع اسماء الهیه الله متحقق اولوب اول مرتبه نک علو واذواق وکمالاتندن جامع وشامل اواد یغمز شبی کندی نفسمزه تقید المکله ادعا ایتمیه وز* بلکه جمیع علوم ومعار فی وعبادت وطاعتی وحول وقوتی حقه اسناد ایدوب عبودیت وادب اوزره اوله وزبلکه اللهم انت الصاحب فی السفر والخلیفة فی الحضر* موجنحه مقام الکلیته توجه ایدوب اول مرتبه اوزره حق استخلاف ایدوب* فاتخذونی وکیلا* مفهومی اوزره انی وکیل اتخاذ ایده وز

(of the divine names) (and that which I contain) of knowledges, perfections and adhwāq (tastes) (by restriction). In some copies it occurs as “what we are realized in and contain.” So let us not claim, with a restriction, that which we have realized of the divine names and that which we have come to contain of knowledges, perfections and tastes. That is, we are among the divine brethren who are realized in the reality of vicegerency (ḥaqīqat al-khilāfa), which gathers together the all-comprehensiveness of the divine and engendered form. [We are] all realized, by Muḥammadan inheritance, in all the divine names which are the requirements of vicegerency, and we gather and encompass [something] of the heights [or: knowledges], tastes and perfections of that martaba (level). Let us not claim that thing by restricting it to ourselves. Rather, let us ascribe all knowledges and gnoses, worship and obedience, power and strength to the Real, and be upon servanthood and courtesy. Rather, in accordance with “O God, You are the Companion in travel and the Deputy (khalīfa) in the household,” let us turn to the station of universality. Upon that level, let us make the Real [our] deputy and take Him as trustee (wakīl), in accordance with the meaning of “so take Me as trustee.”

Words 113–114 · 1 of 8

وَحَاوٍ عَلَيْهِ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿وحاوون عليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بالعلم الشهودي ( بالتقييد ) كما نقول في مشهدهم هذا مثلا : « نحن نسبّحك بتوفيقك ومشيّتك » أو «نسبّحك تسبيح تنزيه»

[and encompass] by witnessed knowledge, (with qualification), as we say for example in their witnessing station: 'We glorify You by Your enabling grace (tawfīq) and Your will,' or 'We glorify You with a glorification of transcendence'

al-Qāshānī

﴿فكيف أن نطلق في الدعوى فنعم بها ما ليس لي بحال ولا أنا منه على علم﴾

أي فكيف ندعى ما ليس بعلمنا وحالنا ، أو لا ندعى أنه هو الحق على التعيين والتقييد وليس وراءه علم

That is, how could we claim what is not our knowledge and our state, or [how could we] not claim that it is the Real by specific designation and determination, with no knowledge beyond it.

Ibn Turka

﴿فكيف أن نطلق في الدعوى﴾

ونقول : « نحن نسبّحك » مطلقا عن أن نقيّد بالتوفيق من الله ومشيّته أو « نَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ »

[how then could we speak absolutely in claim] and say: 'We glorify You' absolutely, without qualifying it by God's enabling grace and will, or 'We glorify You with praise and sanctify You'

Jāmī

﴿فكيف أن نطلق في الدعوى فنعم بها … ما ليس لنا بحال … ولا نحن معه على علم فنفتضح﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

عند الله سبحانه وعند عباده العارفين بالأمور على ما هي عليه

before God, glory be to Him, and before His servants, the gnostics (ʿārifūn), who know things as they truly are

Bālī Zāde

﴿فكيف أن نطلق في الدعوى ننعم بها ما ليس لنا بحال ولا نحن منه على علم فنفتضح﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الظهور عيوبنا عند انكشاف أحوالن

through the manifestation of our defects when our states are disclosed

Bosnevî

﴿فكيف ان نطلق في الدعوي فنعمم بها ماليس لي بحال ولا انا منه علي علم فنفتضح﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فکیف 6 که دعواده اطلاق ایده وز* پس دعوا ایله تعمیم ایده وز* شول شیئی که اول بنم حالم اولمیه وبن دخی اندن علم اوزره اولیم پس انک سببیله مفتضح اوله وز* یعنی حالم اولمیوب علم احاطه ایتمدیکی مراتب ومقاماتک ادعا سنده اطلاق ایدوب دعوی ایله تعمیم ایده وز* وبعد المطالبه انلر ایله اتیاندن عاجز اولد یغمزده عند الله وعند الخلق تسویتمز منکشف اوله وضمــارک جمع وافرادی وحدت وکثرت اعتباری اوزره در مقام وحددن نفس متکلم وحده ایله تعبیرایدر* ومقام جمعدن نفس متکلم مع الغیرایله تعبیر ایدر

How [then] should we be unrestricted in the claim, and so generalize by the claim that which is not my state and of which I have no knowledge, and thus be disgraced by it? That is, [how should] we be unrestricted in claiming levels and stations which are not my state and which my knowledge has not encompassed, and generalize by the claim? And when, after being called to account, we are unable to produce them, our […] would be exposed before God and before creation. The plural and singular of the pronouns are according to the consideration of unity and multiplicity: from the station of unity he expresses himself with the first person singular, and from the station of jamʿ (gathering) he expresses himself with the first person plural.

Words 121–124 · 1 of 8

فَنَعُمَّ بِهَا مَا لَيْسَ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿فنعمّ بها … ما ليس لنا بحال﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من إضافة الفعل مطلقا إلى أنفسنا ، وحالنا - نحن معاشر العبيد - على ما كان في العدم الأصلي ، فمصدريّتنا للأفعال إنّما يكون بتوفيق الله ومشيّته

[so we would generalize thereby... what is not our actual state] namely ascribing the act absolutely to ourselves, whereas our state — we the community of servants — corresponds to what obtained in original nonexistence; so our being sources of acts occurs only through God's enabling grace and will

Words 127–131 · 1 of 8

وَلَا أَنَا مِنْهُ عَلَى عِلْمٍ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿ولا نحن منه على علم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من الجمع بين التسبيح والحمد وأدائه به (فنفتضح) لدى الاختبار . قال الله رضي الله عنه

[nor do we have knowledge of it] namely of combining glorification with praise and performing it thereby, (so we would be exposed to disgrace) upon being tested. God, may He be pleased with him, said

al-Qāshānī

﴿فنفتضح ، فهذا التعريف الإلهي مما أدب الحق به عباده الأدباء الأمناء الخلفاء﴾

أي تعريف حال الملائكة في ادعاء مطلق التسبيح والتقديس فإنه تأديب لعباده من الأناسى

—for this divine instruction is that by which the Real disciplined His courteous, trustworthy, vicegerent servants] That is, the making known of the angels' state in their claiming absolute glorification and sanctification is indeed a disciplining of His human servants.

al-Jandī

﴿فهذا التعريف الإلهي ممّا أدّب الحق به عباده الأدباء الأمناء الخلفاء . ثم نرجع إلى الحكمة فنقول﴾

مقام الأدبقال العبد : اعلم : أنّ مقام الأدب أعلى المقامات ، ويقتضي المعاملة مع الحق والخلق بحسب ما تقتضي مراتبهما ، ولا يتحقّق به إلَّا أهل الأمانة الإلهية .وهي صورة الله تعالى التي حذي آدم عليها حين عرضها على سماوات الروحانية وأرض الجسمانيات " فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَحْمِلْنَها " أي لم يطقن ذلك .ولم يستطعن لعدم أحدية جمع الجمع عند منها " وَأَشْفَقْنَ مِنْها وَحَمَلَهَا الإِنْسانُ ".الكامل الحامل لواء الحمد ، وأحدية جمع جميع حقائق السيد والعبد ، " إِنَّه ُ كانَ ظَلُوماً " ، لعدوله عن العدل في استهلاك استعداده الكمال الكلَّيّ في أمور جزئية وأحوال ناقصة ." جَهُولًا " برتبته أنّه هو المظهر الأتمّ الأشمل ، والخليفة الأكبر الأكمل فتعيّن اتّصافه بهذا الظلم والجهل بسبح الحقّ عنهما ولحمده بنقائضهما ، من الكمال على الوجه الأكمل .فالأمناء هم الأدباء أهل الأمانة الإلهية وهم الخلفاء الذين استخلفهم الله في حفظ خزائنة وخزائن خزائنه ، فتذكَّر .قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

and say] The Station of CourtesyThe servant [i.e., the author] said: Know that the station of courtesy (adab) is the highest of stations. It requires dealing with the Real and with creation according to what their respective ranks demand, and none realizes it fully except the people of the divine trust (amāna) —which is the form of God, Exalted is He, upon which Adam was patterned, when it was offered to the heavens of spiritual realities and the earth of corporeal realities, "and they refused to bear it" — that is, they were not capable of it —and could not sustain it, due to the absence in them of the unitary all-comprehensiveness of comprehensiveness (aḥadiyyat jamʿ al-jamʿ). "And were apprehensive of it, but the human being bore it" —the perfect human, bearer of the banner of praise, and the unitary all-comprehensiveness of all the realities of the Master and the servant. "He was indeed unjust" — because of his deviation from equity, in expending his complete universal preparedness (istiʿdād) upon particular affairs and deficient states —"ignorant" — of his own rank, namely, that he is the most complete and most comprehensive locus of manifestation (maẓhar), the greatest and most perfect vicegerent. So his being characterized by this injustice and ignorance became determined for the sake of the Real's being glorified as transcendent above them both, and praised for their opposites — [this being] of the perfection in the most perfect manner.So the trustworthy ones are the courteous ones, the people of the divine trust, and they are the vicegerents whom God has made stewards over the safeguarding of His treasuries and the treasuries of His treasuries. So take heed.The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Ibn Turka

﴿فهذا التعريف الإلهي﴾

لآدم في هذه القصّة

[so this divine instruction] to Adam in this story

Jāmī

﴿فهذا التعريف الإلهي مما أدب به الحق عباده الأدباء﴾

المتعاملين مع الحق والحق بما يقتضيه المراتب (الأمناء) الحاملين الأمانة. التي هي صورة الله سبحانه التي حذى عليها آدم حين عرضها علي سماوات الأرواح وأرض الجسمانيات فأبين أن يحملنها . إن لم يطعن ذلك ولم يستطعن وأشفقن منها . لعدم أحدية جمع الجميع عند واحد منها . وحملها الإنسان لتحقيقه بأحدية الجميع المذكورة (الخلفاء) الذين :متن نص فصوص الحكم ثم نرجع إلى الحكمة فنقول : اعلم أن الأمور الكلية وإن لم يكن لها وجود في عينها فهي معقولة معلومة بلا شك في الذهن ؛ فهي باطنة لا تزول عن الوجود العيني . ولها الحكم والأثر في كل ما له وجود عيني . بل هو عها لا غيرها، أعني أعيان الموجودات العينية . شرح الجامي : استخلفهم الله تعالى في حفظ خزانتي الدنيا والآخرة. فإن قلت : أي حاجة للمتحققین بهذه الصفات إلى التأديب. قلنا : المراد تأديب ذواتهم قبل التحقق لتتحقق . أو قلنا : لكل جواد كبوة فيمكن منهم وقوع الزلات بعد التحقق بها أيضا

who deal with the Real, and are dealt with by the Real, according to what the ranks (marātib) require. (The trustworthy) [are] the bearers of the Trust (amāna), which is the form (ṣūra) of God, glory be to Him, upon which Adam was fashioned, when it was presented to the heavens of the spirits and the earth of corporeal bodies, and they refused to bear it — being unable and incapable of it — and were apprehensive of it, due to the absence, in any single one of them, of the oneness that gathers the totality together (aḥadiyyat jamʿ al-jamīʿ). And the human being bore it by virtue of his being realized in the aforementioned oneness gathering the totality. (The vicegerents) are those who: The text of the Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam: Then let us return to [the subject of] wisdom, and say: Know that the universal matters (al-umūr al-kulliyya), even though they have no existence in their own entity, are nonetheless intelligible and known without doubt in the mind; they are nonmanifest (bāṭina) [yet] do not depart from concrete existence (ʿaynī). They possess the ruling property (ḥukm) and effect (athar) in everything that has concrete existence — indeed, [that ruling property and effect] belong to them and to nothing else, I mean [belong] to the entities (aʿyān) of concretely existing things. Jāmī's commentary: God, the Exalted, made them vicegerents over the safekeeping of the two treasuries of this world and the next. If you should say: What need have those realized (mutaḥaqqiqīn) with these attributes for [further] discipline (ta'dīb)? We say: What is meant is the disciplining of their essences (dhawāt) prior to realization, so that they may become realized. Or we may say: every noble steed stumbles, so that the occurrence of slips remains possible for them even after their realization with these [attributes]

Bālī Zāde

﴿فهذا التعريف الإلهي﴾

وهو قصة آدم عليه السلام مع الملائكة ومن في قوله : (مما) للتبعيض أو للتبيين أي بعض ما

namely the story of Adam, peace be upon him, with the angels — and "min" in His saying ("of what") is partitive or explicative, i.e., some of what

Bosnevî

﴿وهدا التعريف الالهي مماادب الحق به عباده الادباء الامناء الخلفاء﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

پس بوتعریف الهی شول شیدندر که حق تعالی انکله ادبا وامنا وخلفا اولان عبادنی تأدیب ایلدی یعنی ملائکه نفسلرین زکیه وترجیح وآدمی فساده وسفک دمایه نسبت ایدوب انی ترجیح ایتدکلرندن اوتری عاقبت امرده محجوب اولد قلر ینک جانب حقدن بزه وصفی تعریف الهیدرکه خزانه عالم حفظنده استخلاف ایتدیکی ادبا وامنا وخلفا اولان کندی عبادنی انکله تأدیب ایلدی . یعنی طائفه مذکوره به حقک لطف خفی سندند رکه غیره خطاب وعتاب ایتمکله وغیرک امرنی انلره وصف ایتمکله انلری تأدیب ایدر وصریحا انلره خطاب ایتمز* پس آنلر دخی اول تعریف الهی وتأدیب ربانی ایله متأدب اولورلر زیرا ادب وطائفه علیهنک اشرف مقاماتی واعلا مراتبیدرکه صورت الهیه اولان امانتک اهلی اولان خلفا یه مخصو صدر . زیرا ادب تسلیم وتفویضد نصکره برخصو صده حقه اعتراض ایتمیوب هر مقامده امر الهی نیجه اقتضا ایدرسه حقله معامله ایتمکدر* پس ادیب وامین اولان کسنه یه لازم اولان بودرکه خلقدن هر برفردک مظهریتی اقتضاسی حسبیله انکله معامله ایدوب وجوه الهیه نک مراعاتی اوزره اوله* وکندی وجودنده عند الله عالیه اولان منازلدن خلافته وامانته وعلوم وعبادات وتصرف کرامت کی برشی ایچون اهلیت دعوا سن ایتمیه* بلکه دائما باب عزتده توجه وملازمت اوزره اوامر الهی جریانه منتظر اوله* وامنانک قلوبی دخی اسرار الهی خزانه سیدر* ان الله حرم الفواحش ماظهر منهاوما بطن* اظهار واسراراولان فواحش باطندن مصونه ومحفوظه در* زیرا اسرار الهیه یه مخصوصه اولان قلوب اسراره امین اولان # اولان امنا نک قلو بیدر رطب ویابس سویلین سفها ومجانینک وارباب اوساطدن بعض احوال مغلوبی اولان اشخاصک قلو بیدکلدر* وخلفا صورت حقله صورت عالم اوزره اولوب خزانه دنیا یی حافظلردر* وادبا وخلفا مصون ومحفوظلردر آنلرده ظهور واظهار وادعاء اهلیت وکشف اسرار* بوقدر مکرکیم ارادت الهیه تعلق ایدوب حق تعالی آنلری اظهار ایلیه* حاشا که صفات حیوانیه واوصاف سبعیه ایله متصفه اولان نفوس خسیسه قلوبی اسرار الهیه به امین اوله* پس وقتا که خاتم ولایت محمد به اولان شیخ رضی الله تعالی عنه حکمت الهیه یی بیان ایدرکن علی سبیل الاستطراد واثناء حکمنده ملائکه نک قصه سیله اعتراض ایدوب آدمک نشئه سنه نسبت ایله ملائکه نک نشئه سی ناقصه اولوب آنک قواسندن آنلر رقوت اولد قلر ندن بیان ایتدیسه ینه حکمت الهیه یه رجوع ایدوب

So this divine instruction is among the things with which God Most High disciplined His servants who are courteous, trustworthy and vicegerents. That is, the angels declared themselves pure and preferred [themselves], ascribed corruption and bloodshed to Adam, and […] him, and in the end they turned out to be veiled. The description of this to us from the side of the Real is a divine instruction. With it He disciplined His own servants who are courteous, trustworthy and vicegerents, whom He appointed as vicegerents in guarding the treasury of the ʿālam (world). That is, it is of the Real's hidden gentleness toward the aforementioned group that He disciplines them by addressing and reproaching another and by describing to them the affair of another, and does not address them explicitly. So they too become disciplined by that divine instruction and lordly discipline. For adab (courtesy) is the noblest station and highest martaba (level) of the lofty group, and it is specific to the vicegerents who are the people of the trust, which is the divine form. For courtesy is, after surrender and tafwīḍ (consignment), not to object to the Real in any matter, and to deal with the Real in every station however the divine command requires. So what is incumbent on the one who is courteous and trustworthy is to deal with every individual of creation according to what his being a maẓhar (locus of manifestation) requires, and to be upon observance of the divine faces. And he should not claim worthiness, in his own being, for anything among the stations that are lofty with God, such as vicegerency, trust, knowledges, acts of worship, taṣarruf (governing power) and karāma (charismatic wonder). Rather, turning toward and constantly attending at the gate of Might, he should always await the course of the divine commands. And the hearts of the trustworthy are also treasuries of divine secrets. “Indeed God has forbidden indecencies, what is apparent of them and what is hidden.” [Their hearts] are protected and guarded from the hidden indecencies, which are the disclosure of secrets. For the hearts specific to divine secrets are the hearts of the trustworthy who are trustworthy with secrets. They are not the hearts of fools and madmen who say [things] wet and dry, nor of persons among the people of the middle [stages] who are overpowered by certain states. And the vicegerents, being with the form of the Real upon the form of the world, are the guardians of the treasury of this world. And the courteous and the vicegerents are protected and guarded: in them there is no manifestation, display, claim of worthiness, or disclosure of secrets, unless the divine will attaches [to it] and God Most High makes them manifest. Far be it that the hearts of base souls characterized by animal attributes and predatory qualities should be trustworthy with divine secrets. So the Shaykh (raḍiya llāhu taʿālā ʿanhu), who is the Seal of Muḥammadan sainthood (khātam al-walāya al-muḥammadiyya), while explaining the divine wisdom, interjected the story of the angels by way of digression and in the midst of his wisdom. He explained that the angels' configuration is deficient in relation to Adam's configuration, and that they are faculties among his faculties. When he had done so, he returned again to the divine wisdom and

Ibn Turka

﴿ممّا أدّب الحقّ به عباده الأدباء ، الأمناء ،الخلفاء﴾

حتّى يقفوا عندما قال الله تعالى ولا يجاوزوا عن مقتضاه . ولا يشيّعوا ما اطَّلعوا عليه من قبائح أعمال العباد وفواحشها. ولا ينزّهوا أنفسهم عنها كلّ التنزيه ، وإن علوا على البريّة علوّ شرف ورفعة . على الترتيب المشار إليه يعني الأدب والأمانة والخلافة. فهذه ثلاث مراتب للعبد هي امّهات مواطن كماله ، قد أفصح التعريف الإلهي هذا عن آدابها كلَّها ، وأنت عرفت ما للثلاثة من النسبة الخصيصة بالكلمة الآدميّة ، فلا نعيد وجه تطبيقه هاهنا فلا تغفل . ثمّ إنّ بعض المقصّرين من أفراد الإنسان لمّا اعتكفوا عند مرتبة القاصرين من الملائكة في التحقيق أعني الحكماء حيث قصّروا طريق العرفان على محض التنزيه . وبنوا الأمر في ذلك على مجرّد التجرّد وصرف التقدّس ، أراد أن يكون الكلام في هذه الحكمة منساقا إلى ما ينبّههم على ذلك التقصير ويحرّضهم إلى العروج على مراقي الكمال الإنساني. متنزّلا في ذلك إلى مسلمات قواعدهم وموضوعات أصولهم ، تأنيسا بهم في ذلك وتسليكا لهم إلى مدارج كمالهم تدريجا ، مؤميا فيها مع ذلك كلَّه إلى ما يتبيّن به حقيقة آدم وماهيّته العقليّة ، بعد تحقيق هويّته الخارجيّة . فقال

[is among that by which the Real disciplined His disciplined, trustworthy, vicegerent servants] so that they might halt at what God, Exalted is He, said, and not overstep its requirement, nor circulate what they have discovered of the vile deeds and shameful acts of servants, nor declare themselves utterly transcendent above them, even if they be elevated above creation in nobility and rank — following the order alluded to, namely: discipline (adab), trustworthiness (amāna), and vicegerency (khilāfa). These are three ranks for the servant, being the principal stations of his perfection, and this divine instruction has made plain all their proprieties. You have already come to know the specific relation of the three to the Adamic Word, so we need not repeat the manner of its application here — so do not be heedless. Then, since some deficient individuals among humankind lingered at the station of the deficient among the angels in verification — I mean the philosophers (al-ḥukamāʾ) — where they confined the path of gnosis to sheer transcendence, and built the matter on mere detachment and pure sanctification, he wished the discourse in this Wisdom to proceed toward alerting them to that deficiency and urging them to ascend the steps of human perfection, descending in this to the accepted premises of their rules and the postulates of their principles, so as to make them familiar therewith and lead them by degrees toward the levels of their perfection, while alluding throughout all this to what would clarify the reality of Adam and his intelligible quiddity, after verifying his external identity (huwiyya). So he said]

Bālī Zāde

﴿ادب الحق به عباده الأدباء الأمناء الخلفاء﴾

فإن غيرهم لا يتأدب بمثل هذه التعريفات الإلهية وفي إيراده قدس سره هذه القصة في كتابه دلالة على كمال علمه وأدبه مع الله عز وجل وحسن خلقه مع الناس . وهي أن المؤمنين الذين نازعوا وطعنوا في إظهار المعاني التي لا يعرفها عقل بطریق نظر فكري بمنزلة الملائكة الذين نازعوا وطعنوا في آدم فنفسه قدس سره بمنزلة آدم . فكما كان آدم لا يغضب على الملائكة بسبب قولهم في حقه "أتجعل فيها" 30 سور البقرة . فكذلك الشيخ لا يغضب على الذين يظنون السوء في حقه لتحققه بقوله تعالى: "والكاظمين الغيظ والعافين عن الناس " 139 سورة آل عمران. فكما أن ما قالوه في حق آدم عین مخالفتهم لأمر الحق فكذلك المؤمنون الذين قالوا في حقه من الذم والطعن عين مخالفتهم الأمر الحق لأن إبراز الكتاب لا يكون إلا عن أمر الله . فمن ظن السوء في حقه و نسب إليه ما لا يليق للمؤمنين أن يتصفوا به يخشى عليه الافتضاح في وقت المعاينة يخبر عنه قوله : " فنقتضح" . ولما فرغ عما وجبة تقديمه من حكاية الملائكة وغيرها شرع في المقصود فقال

for others do not attain proper conduct through the like of these divine instructions. And in his — may his secret be sanctified — introducing this story into his book is an indication of the perfection of his knowledge and his proper conduct with God, exalted and glorified is He, and his good character with people. That is, the believers who disputed and impugned him for disclosing the meanings which the intellect does not know through the path of speculative reasoning are in the position of the angels who disputed and impugned Adam; and his own self — may his secret be sanctified — is in the position of Adam. Just as Adam did not grow angry at the angels on account of their statement regarding him, "Will You place therein" (Q. 2:30), so too the Shaykh does not grow angry at those who suspect ill of him, being realized in His saying, exalted is He: "and those who restrain anger and forgive people" (Q. 3:134). And just as what they said regarding Adam was itself their opposition to the command of the Real, so too the believers who spoke ill of him and impugned him were themselves in opposition to the command of the Real, since the manifestation of the book occurs only by God's command. So whoever suspects ill of him and attributes to him what does not befit believers to be characterized by is to be feared for, lest he be disgraced at the moment of direct vision (muʿāyana), as indicated by His saying: "then we would be disgraced." And when he had finished with what was necessary to present beforehand of the narrative of the angels and other matters, he began the intended discussion, saying:

al-Qāshānī

﴿ثم نرجع إلى الحكمة﴾

أي الحكمة الإلهية المذكورة ، فإن قصة الملائكة اعتراض وقع في أثنائها على سبيل الاستطراد . ليعلم أن ما قالوا إنما قالوه لنقصان نشأتهم بالنسبة إلى نشأة آدم ولم يعلموا أن تجرحهم أيضا كمال له ، فإن العبادة الذاتية إنما تتحقق بتجلى جميع الأسماء فيه . وتجلى اسم التواب والعفو والغفور والعدل والمنتقم لا يمكن إلا إذا اقتضت المشيئة الإلهية جريان الذنب على العبد. ولذلك قال عليه الصلاة والسلام حكاية عن ربه « أنين المذنبين أحب إلىّ من زجل المسبحين » واعتبر بخطيئة آدم وداود عليهما السلام فإن بعض كمالات العبد وقبول تجلى بعض الأسماء الإلهية موقوف على انكساره بالذنب والاعتذار والتوبة . ولهذا قال عليه الصلاة والسلام « لو لم تذنبوا لخشيت عليكم أشد من الذنب العجب العجب العجب ». ألا ترى أن عصمتهم حملتهم على قولهم :" ونَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ ونُقَدِّسُ لَكَ ". - ومن ثم قال عليه الصلاة والسلام « لو لا أنكم تذنبون لذهب الله بكم وجاء بقوم يذنبون فيستغفرون فيغفر لهم » . فضم بنى آدم المعصية إلى الطاعة عبادة توجب تجلى الحق بأسماء كثيرة ، وذلك مما لم تقف الملائكة عليه أيضا لقصور نشأتهم . وإذا رجع إلى الحكمة ومهد قاعدة يبتنى عليها ارتباط الحق بالخلق وتتبين منها الحكمة في إيجاد العالم وهو ظهور معنى الإلهية فقال

That is, the divine wisdom [previously] mentioned, for the story of the angels was a digression that occurred in the course of it, by way of excursus—so that it be known that what they said, they said only because of the deficiency of their [mode of] origination (nashʾa) relative to the origination of Adam, and they did not know that their being susceptible to fault (tajarruḥ) was itself also a perfection for him [Adam]. For essential worship (al-ʿibāda al-dhātiyya) is only realized through the self-disclosure of all the divine names within him. And the self-disclosure of the names the Ever-Relenting, the Pardoner, the Forgiving, the Just, and the Avenger is not possible except if the divine will decrees that sin occur from the servant. That is why he, upon him be peace and blessing, said, reporting from his Lord: "The moaning of sinners is more beloved to Me than the humming of those who glorify [Me] [without sin]." And take heed by the fault of Adam and David, upon them be peace, for some of the servant's perfections and the receptivity to the self-disclosure of some of the divine names are contingent upon his being broken by sin, apology, and repentance. For this reason he, upon him be peace and blessing, said: "Had you not sinned, I would have feared for you something more severe than sin: self-satisfaction (al-ʿujb), self-satisfaction, self-satisfaction." Do you not see that their [the angels'] immunity from sin (ʿiṣma) led them to say: "And we glorify Your praise and sanctify You"? Hence he, upon him be peace and blessing, said: "Were it not that you sin, God would take you away and bring a people who sin, then seek forgiveness, and He would forgive them." So the children of Adam joining disobedience to obedience is [itself] a worship that necessitates the self-disclosure of the Real through many names, and this is something the angels did not perceive either, on account of the deficiency of their [mode of] origination. And when he [the author] returns to the wisdom and lays down a foundational principle upon which is built the relation (ribāṭ) of the Real to creation, and through which is clarified the wisdom in the existentiation of the world—namely, the manifestation of the meaning of divinity (al-ilāhiyya)—he says:

al-Tilimsānī

﴿ثم نرجع إلى الحكمة﴾

فما أرى أن فيه ما يحتاج إلى الشرح لأن عبارة الشيخ فيه وافية بالمقصود وليس هو مما يحتاج إلى الذكر الجلي بل هو من مدركات أفهام الناس. إلى قوله

I do not see that there is anything in it requiring explanation, for the Shaykh's expression in it is fully sufficient for the intended meaning, and it is not among the things that need explicit exposition, but rather among what is grasped by the understandings of [ordinary] people. Up to his saying

Ibn Turka

﴿ثمّ نرجع﴾

من بيان القصّة ولطائف إشاراته

[then we return] from the exposition of the story and the subtleties of its allusions

Jāmī

﴿ثم نرجع﴾

مما وقع في البين من قصة الملائكة وبيان لطائفه

from what has intervened, [namely] the story of the angels and the exposition of its subtle points

Bālī Zāde

﴿ثم نرجع﴾

من القصة (إلى) بيان الحكمة الإلهية

from the story (to) an exposition of the divine wisdom

Bosnevî

﴿ثم نرجع الي الحكمة﴾

دیدی یعنی آند فصکره حکمت الهیه نک تحقیقته رجوع ایدرز

said [this]; that is, after that we return to the verification of the divine wisdom.

Words 146–147 · 2 of 8

إِلَى الحِكْمَةِ

Ibn Turka

﴿إلى الحكمة﴾

الإلهيّة المبحوث عنها هاهنا ، وهي الكاشفة عن بيان ارتباط الأسماء الإلهيّة التي هي محلّ الاختبار والامتحان ، بين المتنازعين في الخلافة بالأعيان الكيانيّة ، وسريان حكم كلّ منهما في الآخر ، بتحقيق رقيقة الجمع بين الباطن والظاهر ، والأوّل والآخر . قال رضي الله عنه

[to the Wisdom] the divine Wisdom discussed here, which is the one disclosing the exposition of the connection of the divine Names — which are the locus of testing and trial — between the two parties contending over vicegerency by means of the existentiated entities (al-aʿyān al-kawniyya), and the pervasion of the ruling of each of them in the other, through the verification of the subtle reality (raqīqa) joining the nonmanifest and the manifest, the first and the last. He, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿إلى الحكمة﴾

الإلهية التي كان رضي الله عنه بصدد بيانها. فابتدأ رضي الله عنه بيان الارتباط بين الأمور الكلية والأعيان الخارجية. وفرع عليه بيان الارتباط بين الحق والعالم ثم خلق الإنسان على صورته . ثم بيان ما يتفرع عليه من الحكم والأسرار

the divine [wisdom] which he, may God be pleased with him, was in the process of expounding. He, may God be pleased with him, began by explaining the connection (irtibāṭ) between the universal matters and the external entities. Upon this he based the exposition of the connection between the Real and the cosmos, then the creation of the human being upon His form, then the exposition of what branches from that of rulings (aḥkām) and secrets (asrār)

al-Qāshānī

﴿فنقول : اعلم أن الأمور الكلية وإن لم يكن لها وجود في عينها فهي معقولة معلومة بلا شك في الذهن فهي باطنة لا تزال عن الوجود الغيبى﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعنى أن الأمور الكلية أي المطلقة كالحياة والعلم مثلا لها وجود عينى في العقل ووجود غيبى في الخارج . فإن الوجود الخارجي عين المطلق العقلي مقيدا بقيد الجزئية لكن الكلية المطلقة لا تزال معقولة مندرجة تحت اسم الباطن ، ولا توجد من حيث كليته في الخارج بل من حيث هي مقيدة وهي من تلك الحيثية تندرج تحت اسم الظاهر . وفي بعض النسخ لا تزول فمعناه ومعنى لا تزال بضم التاء مبنيا للمفعول من أزال واحد ، والغيبى بالغين المعجمة والباء بمعنى المعقول . وعند بعض الشارحين عن الوجود العيني بالعين المهملة والنون ، أي لا تزال من حيث هي طبائع مطلقة لا مقيدة بقيد الكلية عن الوجود العيني . فإن الكل الطبيعي موجود في الخارج . وقرئ لا تزال بفتح التاء على أنه من الأفعال الناقصة ، فهي باطنة عن الوجود العيني الشخصي لا تزال كذلك بحذف الخبر لدلالة باطنه عليه أو باطنة بالنصب على تقديم الخبر . أي فهي لا تزال باطنة عن الوجود العيني ، والأول أظهر وأوفق لما بعده من قوله ولم تزل عن كونها معقولة في نفسه

entity, are nevertheless intelligible, known without doubt in the mind, and thus they are nonmanifest (bāṭina), never ceasing to be [present] to unseen existence] That is, the universal matters—that is, the absolute [matters], such as life and knowledge, for instance—have an entified existence (wujūd ʿaynī) in the intellect and an unseen existence (wujūd ghaybī) in the external world. For external existence is the very same absolute intelligible, [but] qualified by the qualification of particularity, whereas the absolute universal remains ever intelligible, subsumed under the name 'the nonmanifest' (al-bāṭin), and it does not exist, insofar as it is universal, in the external world; rather it exists insofar as it is qualified [i.e., particularized], and from that respect it is subsumed under the name 'the manifest' (al-ẓāhir). In some copies [it reads] 'lā tazūlu' [does not depart], whose meaning [is the same as] the meaning of 'lā tazālu' with the tāʾ vocalized for the passive, from 'azāla,' [these being] one [in meaning]. And [the word] 'al-ghaybī' is with the [dotted] ghayn and bāʾ, meaning 'the intelligible.' And according to some commentators, [it should be read] 'ʿan al-wujūd al-ʿaynī' with the [undotted] ʿayn and nūn, meaning: they never depart—insofar as they are absolute natures, not qualified by the qualification of universality—from entified existence. For the natural universal (al-kull al-ṭabīʿī) does exist in the external world. And it is [also] read 'lā tazāla' with the tāʾ vocalized fatḥa, as one of the defective verbs [kāna-type], so [the sense would be]: 'fa-hiya bāṭinatun ʿan al-wujūd al-ʿaynī al-shakhṣī lā tazālu kadhālika' [they are nonmanifest with respect to particular entified existence, never ceasing to be so], with the predicate elided because what follows—'bāṭinuhu'—indicates it; or [it could be read] 'bāṭinatan' in the accusative, with the predicate advanced [earlier in the sentence], meaning: they never cease to be nonmanifest with respect to entified existence. The first [reading] is more evident and more consistent with what follows it, namely his statement: 'and it never ceases to be intelligible in itself.'

al-Jandī

﴿اعلم أنّ الأمور الكلَّية وإن لم يكن لها وجود في عينها ، فهي معقولة معلومة بلا شكّ في الذهن فهي باطنة لا تزال عن الوجود العيني ، ولها الحكم والأثر في كلّ ماله وجود عيني ، بل هو عينها لا غيرها ، أعني أعيان الموجودات العينية﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد : اختلفت النسخ وفي البعض منها : " لا تزول " .فإن قلنا : « لا تزال » فـ « باطنة » منصوب ، وفيه تقديم وتأخير ، والتقدير : " فهي لا تزال باطنة عن الوجود العيني " ، أي لا تظهر أعيانها . وإن كانت موجودة في العلم الإلهي وبالنسبة إلى الحق .وإن قلنا « لا تزول » فظاهر .يعني : أنّ الأمور الكليّة وإن لم تكن موجودة في أعيانها لكونها إذ ذاك مشخّصة ، وإذا تشخّصت لم تكن كلَّية ، فهي لا تزول عن الوجود العيني لظهور أحكامها وآثارها في كل ماله وجود عيني .فإنّ الأمور العامّة كالوجود والعلم والحياة التي تعمّ الحق والخلق وإن لم توجد في الأعيان لكونها كلَّيات لا يمنع نفس تصوّر معناها عن وقوع الشركة فيها .فإنّها من حيث هي هي مع قطع النظر عن إضافتها إلى الحق أو الخلق حقائق كلَّية تطلق على كل من اتّصف بها ، وقامت به من حق أو خلق ، فهي من كونها كلَّية مطلقة عن الإضافة لا تزال باطنة إذ لا توجد في الأعيان .ومع كونها كذلك باطنة ، فإنّها لا تزول عن الوجود العيني لوجود آثارها وأحكامها في أعيان الموجودات ، بل هي تحقيقها في كل ماله وجود عيني .فإنّها لا تبطن ولا تزال باطنة من كونها كلَّية ، وكونها كلَّية اعتبار ثان مسبوق باعتبار حقائقها مجرّدة عن كونها موصوفة بالكلَّية أو غيرها ، فهي بحقائقها في كل من قامت به لا بكلَّيتها فإنّ الوجود في القديم والمحدث هو هو ، والعلم في كل عالم عالم علم.وكذلك الحياة فهي في كل موجود عيني عينها غير زائدة عليها وجودا وشهودا ، لا عقلا فإنّ العقل ينتزع عن الموجود وجوده ويتعقّله زائدا على الموجود ، وليس ذلك إلَّا في التعقّل لا في العين ، فأمعن النظر وأنعم .قال رضي الله عنه

entity, are nonetheless intelligible, known without doubt in the mind; they are nonmanifest (bāṭina), [yet] never absent (lā tazūl) from concrete existence — rather, they have ruling authority and effect (athar) in everything that has concrete existence; indeed, it [the concrete existent] is itself them and nothing else — I mean, the entities (aʿyān) of concretely existing things] The servant [i.e., the author] said: The manuscripts differ; in some of them it reads "lā tazūl" (never cease/depart) [rather than "lā tazāl" (remain continuously)].If we read it as "lā tazāl" (they remain continuously), then "bāṭina" (nonmanifest) is in the accusative, and there is a hyperbaton (taqdīm wa-taʾkhīr), the intended sense being: "they remain continuously nonmanifest with respect to concrete existence," that is, their entities do not become manifest, even though they are existent in divine knowledge and in relation to the Real.If we read it as "lā tazūl" (they never depart), the meaning is plain.The meaning is: universal matters, even though not existent in their [particular] entities — since were they so, they would be individuated (mushakhkhaṣa), and once individuated they would no longer be universal — nevertheless never depart from concrete existence, because their rulings and effects appear in everything that has concrete existence.For general matters, such as existence, knowledge, and life, which encompass both the Real and creation — even though they do not exist [as such] in the [particular] entities, being universals — this does not prevent the mere conception of their meaning from admitting participation (shirka) in them.For they, considered in themselves, apart from their ascription to the Real or to creation, are universal realities predicable of everyone characterized and qualified by them, whether Real or creature. Thus, in being universal and unconditioned by ascription, they remain continuously nonmanifest, since they do not exist [as such] in the [particular] entities.And yet, being nonmanifest in this way, they never depart from concrete existence, because their effects and rulings exist in the entities of existent things — indeed, they are the very realization (taḥqīq) of those universals in everything that has concrete existence.For they do not become manifest, and remain continuously nonmanifest insofar as they are universal; and their being universal is a second consideration, preceded by the consideration of their realities in themselves, stripped of being qualified by universality or otherwise. Thus they exist by their realities in everything in which they subsist, not by their universality — for existence in the Eternal and the originated is one and the same [reality], and knowledge in every knower is the very reality of knowledge,and likewise life: it is, in every concrete existent, that very existent's own reality, without being something additional to it in existence and witnessing — though [it is additional] in reason (ʿaql), for reason abstracts existence from the existent and conceives it as something additional to the existent, but this obtains only in conceptual abstraction (taʿaqqul), not in concrete reality. So reflect closely and be thorough.He, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qayṣarī

﴿اعلم، أن الأمور الكلية﴾

أي الحقائق اللازمة للطبائع الموجودة في الخارج، كالحياة والعلم والقدرة والإرادة وغيرها، مما هي أمور عقلية ولا أعيان لها في الخارج. و

That is, the realities necessarily attached to the natures existing externally, such as life, knowledge, power, will, and others—matters which are intelligible (ʿaqliyya) and have no [concrete] entities (aʿyān) in the external [world]. And—

Ibn Turka

﴿فنقول : اعلم أنّ الأمور الكلَّيّة﴾

الواقعة من حيث هي كذلك في الدرجة الثانية من التعقّل ، كالأوصاف المجرّدة عن الحقائق مثل الحياة والعلم وما يتبعهما أو المستندة إليها مثل الحيّ والعالم

[so we say: know that universal matters (al-umūr al-kulliyya)] as they occur qua such, at the second degree of intellection, such as attributes abstracted from realities, like life and knowledge and what follows them, or those referred back to them, like the living and the knowing

Jāmī

﴿فنقول اعلم أن الأمور الكلية﴾

أي الحقائق المشتركة بين الأعيان الخارجة كالحياة والعلم والإرادة والقدرة و غيره

i.e., the realities shared among the external entities, such as life, knowledge, will, power, and the like

Bālī Zāde

﴿فنقول اعلم﴾

قال مولانا قرمي في شرح مفتاح الغيب للشيخ صدر الدين القونوي أعلم تنبيه وإيقاظ لأمل الطلب والترقي على التوجه الكامل والإقبال التام على إصغاء ما يرد بعده بقلب حاضر وإيماء إلى جلالة قدره

— Mawlānā Qarāmī said in his commentary on Miftāḥ al-Ghayb of Shaykh Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī: "Know" is an alerting and awakening for the one hoping for advancement and complete ascent (tawajjuh) and full attentiveness to listening, with a present heart, to what follows it, and a signal to the majesty of its rank

Bosnevî

﴿فنقول اعلم ان الامور الكلية وان لم يكن لها وجود في عينها فهي معقولة معلومة بلاشك في الذهن﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

پس بزدیرز شویله پیلکه تحقیق امور کلیه حیوة وعلم وقدرت کی اکرجه کیم انلرایجون وجود یوقدر آنلرک عیننده یعنی اکرچه کیم آنلرایچون وجود عینی بوقدر پس آنلر بلاشک ذهنده معقوله ومعلو مه در زیرا اکر آنلر اعیانده ظاهره اولیدی مقیده اولوردی کلیه ومطلقة اولمزدی)

So we say: know thus that verily the umūr kulliyya (universal matters), such as life, knowledge and power, even though there is no wujūd (being) for them in their ʿayn (entity), that is, even though there is no wujūd ʿaynī (entitative being) for them, they are without doubt intelligible and known in the mind. For if they were manifest in the aʿyān (entities), they would be muqayyad (delimited); they would not be universal and muṭlaq (absolute).

Words 150–152 · 1 of 8

أَنَّ الأُمُورَ الكُلِّيَّةَ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿أن الأمور الكلية﴾

أي الصفات المشتركة بين الحق والعبد التي يتحقق الارتباط بينهم

i.e., the attributes shared between the Real and the servant, through which the relation (nisba) between them is realized

al-Qayṣarī

﴿إن لم يكن لها وجود في عينها﴾

أي، وإن لم يكن لها ذات موجودة في الخارج، فهي موجودة في العقل بلا شك، فهي باطنة من حيث إنها معقولة ومع ذلك لا تزول عن الوجود العيني ولا ينفك منه، إذ هي من جملة لوازم الأعيان الموجودة في الخارج. وفي بعض النسخ

That is, even though they have no essence existing externally, they exist in the intellect without doubt; they are nonmanifest (bāṭin) in that they are intelligible, yet nonetheless they do not depart from concrete existence (al-wujūd al-ʿaynī) nor separate from it, since they are among the necessary concomitants of the entities (aʿyān) existing externally. And in some manuscripts—

Ibn Turka

﴿وإن لم يكن لها وجود في عينها﴾

فإنّه ليس للأمور الواقعة في تلك الدرجة وجود مستقلّ في عينها ، وهو المسمّى بالوجود الخارجي والعيني

[though they have no existence in their own entity] for indeed, matters occurring at that degree have no independent existence in their own entity, and this is what is termed external and entitative existence (al-wujūd al-khārijī wa-l-ʿaynī)

Jāmī

﴿وإن لم يكن لها﴾

من حيث أنها كلية (الوجود في عينها) وحد ذاتها . فإنه لا يكون وجوده للكليات إلا في ضمير أفراده

, insofar as they are universal, (existence in their own entity) by themselves alone — for the existence of universals occurs only within [the context of] their particulars (afrād)

Bālī Zāde

﴿وإن لم يكن لها وجود في عينها﴾

أي وجود خارجي في نفسه

i.e., no external existence in themselves

Ibn Turka

﴿فهي معقولة معلومة بلا شك في الذهن﴾

وبيّن أنّ الكليّات لها طرف التنزّه المحض وهو الذي لها لذاتها به تعقل ، وطرف التعلَّق وهو باعتبار مدلوليّتها للفظ به تتخيّل ، وطرف الجامعيّة بينهما به تعلم وهو الواسطة . فأشار إلى تلك الأطراف بترتيبها ، وحيث أنّ الذهن هو « الفهم » - لغة - يناسب إطلاقه على طرف مدلوليّتها وعلى سائر تقاديرها وأطرافها

[yet they are intelligible, known without doubt, in the mind] and it is clear that universals have an aspect of sheer transcendence, which belongs to them in themselves, by which they are intellected; and an aspect of relation (taʿalluq), which pertains to their being signified by the word, by which they are imagined; and an aspect of comprehensiveness (jāmiʿiyya) joining the two, by which they are known — this being the intermediary. So he alluded to these aspects in their order, and since the mind (dhihn) is, linguistically, 'understanding' (fahm), it is fitting to apply it to the aspect of their being signified, and to all their other estimations and aspects

Jāmī

﴿فهي معقولة معلومة … بلا شك في الذهن فهي باطنة﴾

من حيث هي كلية

insofar as they are universal

Bālī Zāde

﴿فهي معقولة معلومة بلا شك في الذهن﴾

فكانت موجودة بالوجود الذهني

so they exist with mental existence

Ibn Turka

﴿فهي باطنة لا تزال عن الوجود العيني﴾

أي الأمور الكليّة التي هي المعقولات الثانية باطنة عن الوجود العيني أبدا لا تزال كذلك ، حيث لا يكون لها محاذى في العين البتة . ثمّ إنّ هاهنا نسخا كثيرة متخالفة، والظاهر أنّها منتحلة من المستكشفين له، فطوينا الفحص عنها لظهور المقصود بهذه النسخة وتشوّش الأذهان بها . ثمّ إنّ هاهنا نكتة حكميّة لا بدّ من التنبيه إليها ، وهي أنّك عرفت أنّ الأسماء الإلهيّة عند توجهّها إلى كمال الظهور والإظهار لها حركة من فضاء اللطف منبع الإطلاق والعموم إلى مضيق الكثافة معدن القيد والخصوص إلى أن يتمّ الكمال بنوعيه ومن ذلك ، التنزّل من الجنس العالي يعني الجوهر متدرّجا فيه إلى النوع السافل ، يعني الإنسان الذي بنقطة نطقة تتمّ الدائرة بقوسيها الكماليّين . ثمّ إذا تذكَّرت هذا فاعلم أنّ كلا من تلك المراتب عالية كانت أو متوسّطة أو سافلة لها أوصاف كلَّية محصّلة بالذات ، هي مبادئ آثارها الخاصّة بها ، الفاصلة لها عمّا سواها ، وهو سبب تحصّل تلك المرتبة في الخارج بالوجود العيني بلحوقه لها ، مقوّمة إيّاها على ما بيّن في صناعة الحكمة ثمّ إذا ظهرت بالوجود العيني ، حصل من تلك المرتبة التي بمنزلة المادّة - حكم فيه ، ومن ذلك الوصف الذي بمنزلة الصورة أثر . وإليه أشار بقوله

[yet they remain nonmanifest, never attaining entitative existence] i.e., the universal matters, which are the second intelligibles, remain nonmanifest with respect to entitative existence forever, never ceasing to be so, since there is nothing corresponding to them in the entity (al-ʿayn) whatsoever. Now here there are many divergent copies (nusakh), and it appears that they are attributed to those who discovered discrepancies in it; so we have refrained from examining them, given the clarity of the intended meaning in this copy and the confusion that would result in minds from doing so. Now here is a wise point (nukta) that must be noted, namely: you have come to know that the divine Names, in their orientation toward the perfection of manifestation and manifesting, have a movement from the expanse of subtlety (luṭf), the source of absoluteness and generality, to the constriction of density (kathāfa), the mine of delimitation and particularity, until perfection is completed in its two kinds. Among this is the descent from the higher genus, namely substance (jawhar), proceeding by degrees through it down to the lower species, namely the human being, by whose articulate point (nuqṭa nāṭiqa) the circle is completed by its two perfective arcs. Then, once you have recalled this, know that each of these levels — whether high, intermediate, or low — has universal attributes essentially constituted, which are the principles of its own particular effects, distinguishing it from all else; and this is the cause of that level's attaining external realization through entitative existence attaching to it, constituting it, as explained in the science of philosophy (ḥikma). Then, once it becomes manifest through entitative existence, from that level — which is in the position of matter — there results a ruling therein, and from that attribute — which is in the position of form — there results an effect. And to this he alluded by his saying]

Bālī Zāde

﴿فهي باطنة﴾

ممتنعة الوجود في الخارج من حيث كونها معقولة لكنه (لا تزول) لا تنفك

impossible of existence in the external world insofar as they are intelligible, yet it (does not cease) does not depart

Bosnevî

﴿فهي باطنة لا تزال عن الوجـــود العيني﴾

بونده تقدیم وتأخیر جا ئزدر* فهی لا تزال باطنة یعنی امور کلیه باطنه اولمغله وجود عینیدن زائله اولمز یعنی اگرچه کم بوامورک اعیانی علم الهیده باطنه در لکن اثارینک ظهوری جهتله وجود عینیدن منفکه دکلدر بونقد براوزره لا تزال فتح تاایله افعال ناقصه دن اولور وکذلک لا تزال ضم تاایله افعا لدن مفعول ایجون مبنی اولوب باطنه حال اولمق اوزره منصوب اولمق جاز در یعنی امور کلیه باطنه اولدیغی حالده وجود عینیدن ازاله اولنمز* ودخی فهی باطنة لا تزول عن الوجود العینی جائزدر یعنی امور کلیه باطنه اولدیغی حالده وجود عینیدن زائله اولمز* زیرا وجود عینی ایله موجوده اولان جمیع اشیاده امور کلیه نک احکام وآثاری ظاهره در* پس امور کلیه باطنه ایکن وجود عینیدن زائله او لمز

Here taqdīm wa-taʾkhīr (transposition) is permissible: "fa-hiya lā tazālu bāṭina" ("so they do not cease to be non-manifest"). That is, the umūr kulliyya (universal matters), by being bāṭin (non-manifest), do not pass away from wujūd ʿaynī (entitative being). That is, although the aʿyān (entities) of these matters are non-manifest in the divine knowledge, by way of the ẓuhūr (manifestation) of their traces they are not separated from entitative being. On this taqdīr (reading), lā tazālu, with fatḥa on the tāʾ, is among the afʿāl nāqiṣa (deficient verbs). Likewise lā tuzālu, with ḍamma on the tāʾ, is a verb built for the object [i.e. passive], and it is permissible that bāṭina be in the accusative as a ḥāl (circumstantial qualifier). That is, the universal matters, in the state of being non-manifest, are not removed from entitative being. It is also permissible [to read] "fa-hiya bāṭina lā tazūlu ʿan al-wujūd al-ʿaynī" ("so they are non-manifest; they do not pass away from entitative being"). That is, the universal matters, in the state of being non-manifest, do not pass away from entitative being. For in all things that exist with entitative being, the rulings and traces of the universal matters are manifest. So the universal matters, while non-manifest, do not pass away from entitative being.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿لا تزال عن الوجود الغيبي … لا تزال﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

مبنى للمفعول من "أزال، يزيل" . و (الغيبي) بالغين المعجمة والباء. ومعناه: هي باطنة لا يمكن أن يزال عن كونها أمورا عقلية

passive, from 'azāla, yuzīlu' [to remove]. And 'unseen' (al-ghaybī) is with the letters ghayn and bā'. Its meaning is: they are nonmanifest, and it cannot be removed from them that they are intelligible matters.

Jāmī

﴿لاتزول عن الوجود العيني﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بالعين المهملة كما هو في بعض النسخ المقروءة على الشيخ رضي الله عنه. أي هي باطنة باعتبار وجودها العقلي لكن لا يزول عن الموجودات العينية ولا يسلب عنها بل هي ثابتة لها في ضمن ثبوت أفرادها لها. أو بالغين المعجمة ، أي : لا تزول عن الوجود العيني العقلي ولا تنصف بالموجود العيني الخارجي. وحاصله أنها لا تخرج من العلم إلى العين . وفي بعض النسخ لا تزال إما بضم التاء من الإزالة ، فمعناه قريب مما سبق سواء كانت العين مهملة أو معجمة وبما يفتحها والعين مهملة . فقال الشارح الجندي رحمه الله : إن قوله باطنة منصوب على هذا الوجه والتقدير فهي لا تزال باطنة عن الوجود العيني. أي لا تظهر أعيانها في الخارج وإن كانت موجودة في العلم وبالنسبة إلى العالم، وأما فتحها والغين معجمة فلا وجه له ظاهر. (و) هذه الأمور الكلية التي لا تتحقق في الخارج من حيث كليته

, with the letter ʿayn unpointed, as it appears in some of the copies read before the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him — that is, they are nonmanifest with respect to their intelligible existence, yet this [nonmanifestness] does not depart from concretely existing things, nor is it stripped away from them; rather, it is established for them within the establishment of their particulars. Or, with the pointed letter ghayn [reading 'taghību,' 'are absent'], meaning: they do not depart from intelligible concrete existence, nor are they qualified by external concrete existence. The upshot is that they do not pass out from [the domain of] knowledge into [that of] concrete entification. And in some copies [it reads] 'lā tazālu' (they continue not to...), with the tāʾ vowelled with ḍamma, from izāla (removal); its meaning is close to what preceded, whether the ʿayn be unpointed or pointed, and [there is a reading] with fatḥa [on the tāʾ] and unpointed ʿayn. Al-Jandī, the commentator, may God have mercy on him, said: his statement 'nonmanifest' is in the accusative on this reading, the implied sense being: they continue to be nonmanifest with respect to concrete existence — that is, their entities do not appear externally, even though they exist in knowledge and in relation to the cosmos (ʿālam). As for the reading with fatḥa and the pointed ghayn, it has no apparent justification. (And) these universal matters, which are not actualized externally insofar as they are universal...

Words 171–174 · 1 of 8

عَنْ الوُجُودِ العَيْنِيِّ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿عن الوجود العيني لها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي للأمور الكلية

i.e., for the universal matters

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAbdallāh al-Bosnawī (Abdullah Bosnevî, d. 1054/1644), Tecelliyât-ı ʿarâʾis en-nuṣûṣ fî menaṣṣât ḥikem el-Fuṣûṣ

Digital text: Our collation of two OCRs of the print, disagreements settled against the page images (AI, each page linked)

Print edition behind it: Istanbul, 1290/1873 (Ottoman Turkish), vol. 1; the scan of Princeton University Library's copy at HathiTrust (catalog record 008919315).

Taken from: HathiTrust. Full view of the scanned volume.

Licence: Public domain (1873 print); our OCR collation is ours. Each comment links to its page in the HathiTrust scan.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.