Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶12 in the text

12 · 83 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَوَقَعَ الخِلَافُ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ المِلَلِ فِي عِيسَىٰ مَا هُوَ فَمَنْ نَاظِرٍ فِيهِ مِنْ حَيْثُ صُوْرَتُهُ الإِنْسَانِيَّةُ البَشَرِيَّةُ فَيَقُولُ هُوَ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَمَنْ نَاظِرٍ فِيهِ مِنْ حَيْثُ الصُّورَةُ الْمُمَثِّلَةُ البَشَرِيَّةُ فَيَنْسِبُهُ لِجِبْرَئِيلَ وَمَنْ نَاظِرٍ فِيهِ مِنْ حَيْثُ مَا ظَهَرَ عَنْهُ مِنْ إِحْيَاءِ المَوْتَىٰ فَيَنْسِبُهُ إِلَىٰ اللهِ بِالرُّوحِيَّةِ فَيَقُولُ رُوحُ اللهِ أَيْ بِهِ ظَهَرَتِ الحَيَاةَ فِيْ مَنْ نَفَخَ فِيهِ فَتَارَةً يَكُونُ الحَقُّ فِيهِ مُتَوَهَّمًا اسْمُ مَفْعُولٍ وَتَارَةً يَكُونُ المَلَكُ فِيهِ مُتَوَهَّمًا وَتَارَةً تَكُونُ البَشَرِيَّةُ الإِنْسَانِيَّةُ فِيهِ مُتَوَهَّمَةً فَيَكُونُ عِنْدَ كُلِّ نَاظِرٍ بِحَسَبِ مَا يَغْلِبُ عَلَيْهِ

So disagreement arose among the people of the religious communities concerning Jesus: what is he? Among them is one who regards him with respect to his human, bodily form, and so says: he is the son of Mary. Another regards him with respect to the bodily form that was assumed in likeness, and so ascribes him to Gabriel. Another regards him with respect to what became manifest from him, namely the giving of life to the dead, and so ascribes him to God by way of spirithood, saying: 'the Spirit of God.' That is, through him life became manifest in whomever he breathed into. So at one time the Real is what is imagined in him ('imagined' being a passive participle); at another time the angel is what is imagined in him; and at another time bodily humanity is what is imagined in him. So he is, for each beholder, according to what predominates over that beholder.

On the whole passage · 2 of 5

al-Jandī

﴿فيقول : روح الله ، أي منه ظهرت الحياة فيمن نفخ فيه ، فتارة يكون الحق فيه متوهّما - اسم مفعول - وتارة يكون الملك فيه متوهّما ، وتارة تكون البشرية الإنسانية فيه متوهّمة ، فيكون عند كل ناظر بحسب ما يغلب عليه ، فهو كلمة الله وهو روح الله ، وهو عبد الله ، وليس ذلك في الصورة الحسيّة البشرية لغيره ، بل كل شخص منسوب إلى أبيه الصوري لا إلى النافخ روحه في الصورة البشرية ، فإنّ الله إذا سوّى الجسم الإنساني - كما قال : " فَإِذا سَوَّيْتُه ُ " نفخ فيه هو تعالى من روحه ، فنسب الروح في كونه وعينه إلى الله تعالى ، وعيسى ليس كذلك ، فإنّه اندرجت تسوية جسمه وصورته البشرية بالنفخ الروحي ، وغيره - كما ذكرنا - ليس كذلك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يشير رضي الله عنه : إلى أنّ صورة عيسى تكون بنفخ الروح الأمين ، فجسمه روح متجسّد متمثّل في مادّة ، يعني الرطوبة التي في النفخ للإحياء والحياة ، وغير عيسى ليس كذلك ، لأنّ الملك - بإذن الله - أو الله ينفخ فيه الروح بعد تسوية الجسم وإعداد الصورة البشرية المسوّاة المخلَّقة في الرحم . ثم قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

He (may God be pleased with him) points to the fact that the form of Jesus came about through the breathing of the Faithful Spirit, so his body is a spirit embodied, imaged forth in matter—meaning the moisture that is in the breath for quickening and life—whereas other than Jesus is not so, because the angel—by God's permission—or God breathes the spirit into him after the fashioning of the body and the preparation of the fashioned, created human form in the womb. Then the Shaykh (may God be pleased with him) said

Bālī Zāde

﴿فوقع الخلاف بين أهل الملل في عيسى عليه السلام ما هو فمن ناظر فيه من حيث صورته الإنسانية البشرية فيقول : هو ابن مريم ومن ناظر فيه من حيث الصورة الممثلة البشرية فينسبه لجبرائيل ومن ناظر فيه من حيث ما ظهر عنه من احياء الموتى فينسبه إلى اللّه بالروحية فيقول : روح اللّه أي به ظهرت الحياة فيمن نفخ فيه فتارة يكون الحق فيه متوهما اسم مفعول﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من حيث إحيائه الموتى. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

from the standpoint of his giving life to the dead. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿فوقع الخلاف بين أهل الملل في عيسى ، ما هو ؟ فمن ناظر فيه من حيث صورته الإنسانيّة البشريّة فيقول : « هو ابن مريم » ومن ناظر فيه من حيث الصورة الممثّلة البشريّة﴾

بظهور أوصافها الروحيّة وملكاتها الكماليّة منها ، مما لا يمكن صدوره من الصور الهيولانيّة الجسميّة

by the manifestation of its spiritual attributes and perfective faculties therefrom, of what could not proceed from material corporeal forms,

Jāmī

﴿فوقع الخلاف بين أهل الملل في عيسى ما هو ؟ فمن ناظر فيه من حيث صورته﴾

الهيولانية الجسمانية ( الإنسانية البشرية فيقول هو ابن مريم ، ومن ناظر فيه من حيث ومن ناظر فيه من حيث ما ظهر عنه من إحياء الموتى فينسبه إلى الله بالروحية فيقول روح الله. أي به ظهرت الحياة فيمن نفخ فيه. عليه. فهو كلمة الله وهو روح الله وهو عبد الله، وليس ذلك في الصورة الحسية لغيره، بل كل شخص منسوب إلى أبيه الصوري لا إلى النافخ روحه في الصورة البشرية. ) الصورة المتمثلة البشرية ) التي تمثل بها جبريل حين النفخ ( فينسبه لجبريل عليه السلام ومن ناظر فيه من حيث ما ظهر عنه من إحياء الموتى ) الذي هو من الخصائص الإلهية

the hylic, corporeal, (human, natural) form says he is the son of Mary; and whoever reflects on him from the aspect of what appeared from him of bringing the dead to life attributes him to God by spirituality (rūḥiyya), saying "spirit of God," i.e., through him life appeared in whomever he blew into. Upon him [peace]. So he is the Word of God, and he is the Spirit of God, and he is the servant of God—and that is not the case in the sensory form for anyone else; rather every person is attributed to his formal father, not to the one who blows his spirit into the human form.) the represented human form (in which Gabriel appeared when blowing), so he attributes him to Gabriel, peace be upon him; and whoever reflects on him from the aspect of what appeared from him of bringing the dead to life) which is among the divine specifics

Ibn Turka

﴿فينسبه لجبرئيل ، ومن ناظر فيه من حيث ما ظهر عنه من إحياء الموتى فينسبه إلى الله بالروحيّة﴾

وبيّن أن لكل شخص حسّي من الإنسان صورة هيولانيّة جسمانيّة هي مبدأ النسبة إلى أمه ، فإنّها مقتضى أصل القابليّة الأولى ، ضرورة أنّها هي الآخر ،فلذلك وسمها بابن مريم. وفي جمع بيّنات عدده معه ما يدلَّك على تولَّد الصورة منها . وإذ كان ذلك هو موطن تمام الظهور والإظهار أشار في النسبة إليها بصريح القول ، وصورة جسدانيّة هي مبدأ النسبة إلى أبيه ، فإنّ الخيال والوهم الذين هما جناحا تأثيرها ورجلا تقوّمها ليس للفعل مبدأ غيرهما فلذلك نسبها إلى جبرئيل . ثمّ إنّ الحاصل من الصورتين والنتيجة الكاشفة عن مؤدّى تينك المقدّمتين إنما هي آثارها من الأفعال والأحوال الظاهرة من هيئة جمعيّتهما فهي إذن صورة جمعيّة الكل ، فلذلك نسبها إلى الله بذلك الاعتبار. الاعتبارات الثلاث في عيسى عليه السّلام وإذ كان فيها أمر تمام الإظهار بالفعل ، صرّح فيه أيضا بالقول حيث قال

And he made clear that every sensory individual human being has a material corporeal form which is the principle of ascription to his mother, for it is what the root of the primary receptivity requires, necessarily being the "other," and therefore he marked it [Jesus] with [the name] "son of Mary." And in the gathering of clear signs enumerated with it is what points you to the generation of the form from her. And since that was the locus of the completeness of manifestation and disclosure, he indicated the ascription to her by explicit statement, and [spoke of] a corporeal form which is the principle of ascription to his father, for imagination and estimation (wahm), which are the two wings of its influence and the two legs of its subsistence, have no principle for action other than them, and therefore he ascribed it to Gabriel. Then, that which results from the two forms, and the conclusion disclosing the import of those two premises, is only their traces from the acts and states manifest from the configuration of their combination, so it is, then, the all-comprehensive form of the whole, and therefore he ascribed it to God by that consideration. The three considerations regarding Jesus, peace be upon him. And since there was in it the matter of complete manifestation in act, he also made it explicit in speech, where he said:

Jāmī

﴿فينسبه إلى اللّه بالروحية فيقول روح اللّه ، أي به ظهرت الحياة فيمن نفخ فيه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من الموتى ، فتسميته روحا إنما هو باعتبار ظهور الحياة واختصاصه باللّه ، لأن تغذية الحياة إلى ما لا تعلق به كالبدن من الخواص الإلهية دون الأولتين لعموم النظر فيها . فمنهم من قال : هو اللّه ، ومنهم من قال : هو ابن اللّه على الخلاف المشهور بين المسيحيين

of the dead; so his being named "spirit" is only by consideration of the appearance of life and its being specific to God, because the nourishing of life into that which has no connection to it, like the body, is among the divine specifics, unlike the first two [aspects], due to the generality of the consideration in them. So some said: he is God; and some said: he is the son of God, according to the well-known disagreement among the Christians

Ibn Turka

﴿فنقول : « روح الله » أي به ظهرت الحياة فيمن نفخ فيه ، فتارة يكون الحق فيه متوهّما - اسم مفعول﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

حيث يعتقد فيه مبدئيّة ظهور الحياة ، فإنّها معنى جزئيّ

where its principial role in the manifestation of life is believed of him, for it is a particular meaning

﴿روح الله﴾

فاللام لام العهد

the lām [of al-rūḥ] is the lām of a specific referent (ʿahd)

al-Qāshānī

﴿فتارة يكون الحق فيه متوهما اسم مفعول ، وتارة يكون الملك فيه متوهما ، وتارة تكون البشرية الإنسانية فيه متوهمة فيكون عند كل ناظر بحسب ما يغلب عليه ، فهو كلمة الله وهو روح الله وهو عبد الله ، وليس ذلك في الصورة الحسية لغيره﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي ليس ذلك الخلاف في الصورة الحسية بسبب التوهمات لغير عيسى ، لأنه تكون بنفخ الروح الأمين من غير أب وصدر منه الفعل الإلهي ، وكان أحد جزأى طينته ماء متوهما ، وغيره لم يكن كذلك . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

does not occur in the sensory form of anyone else] — that is, this disagreement, due to these various imaginings, does not occur in the sensory form of anyone besides Jesus. For he came into being through the breathing of the Trustworthy Spirit (Gabriel) without a father, and the divine act proceeded directly from that; and one of the two components of his clay was imagined as water, while it was not so for anyone else. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿فتارة يكون الحق فيه متوهما اسم مفعول﴾

م ن حيث تصدر عنه الصفات الإلهية من الإحياء والإبراء وغيرهما

from the aspect that the divine attributes issue from him, such as bringing-to-life, healing, and other than these

Bālī Zāde

﴿فتارة يكون الحق فيه متوهما اسم مفعول ، وتارة يكون الملك فيه متوهما ، وتارة تكون البشرية الإنسانية فيه متوهمة فيكون عند كل ناظر بحسب ما يغلب عليه ، فهو كلمة الله وهو روح الله وهو عبد الله ، وليس ذلك في الصورة الحسية لغيره﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(فهو كلمة الله ) لكونه حاصلا عن نفخ جبريل ( وهو روح الله ) لظهور الحياة به فيمن نفخ ( وهو عبد الله ) لكونه على الصورة البشرية ( وليس ذلك ) الاجتماع ( لغيره )

(So he is the Word of God) because he came about through Gabriel's breathing, (and he is the Spirit of God) because life appeared through him in the one breathed into, (and he is the servant of God) because he is of human form, (and that) combination (does not occur) for anyone other than him.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8239); moved here

Ibn Turka

﴿وتارة يكون الملك فيه متوهّما﴾

حيث يعتقد فيه ويعتبر مبدئيّة الأفعال الروحانيّة والملكات الملكيّة

where the principial role of spiritual acts and angelic faculties is believed and considered of him

Jāmī

﴿وتارة يكون الملك فيه متوهما﴾

حيث تشاهد فيه الصفات الروحانية والملكات الملكية

where the spiritual attributes and angelic dispositions are witnessed in him

Bālī Zāde

﴿وتارة يكون الملك فيه متوهما﴾

اسم مفعول من حيث كونه عن نفخ جبرائيل

as the one acted upon, from the standpoint of his coming about through Gabriel's breathing.

Ibn Turka

﴿وتارة تكون البشريّة الإنسانيّة فيه متوهّمة﴾

حيث يعتبر منه ظهور الانفعالات البشريّة

where the manifestation of human passivities is considered from him

Jāmī

﴿وتارة تكون البشرية﴾

الحقيقية ( الإنسانية ) لا الصورة الملكية

the real (human) [humanity], not the angelic form

Bālī Zāde

﴿وتارة تكون البشرية الإنسانية فيه متوهما﴾

من حيث أنه ابن مريم ( فيكون ) عيسى عليه السلام

from the standpoint of his being the son of Mary, (so he becomes) Jesus, peace be upon him,

Words 74–75 · 1 of 5

فِيهِ مُتَوَهَّمَةً

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿فيه متوهمة﴾

حيث تظهر منه الأفعال البشرية كالأكل والشرب وغيرهما . وإيراد التوهم ههنا على سبيل المشاكلة إن كان مقابلا للتحقق ، وإذا أريد به إدراك المعنى الجزئي فيمكن أن يتكلف له وجه في جميع هذه الصور

where human acts appear from him, such as eating and drinking and the like. And the mention of "imagination" (tawahhum) here is by way of assimilation [in wording], if it is opposed to actual realization; and if what is meant by it is the apprehension of the particular meaning, then a rationale can be contrived for it in all these forms

Ibn Turka

﴿فيكون عند كل ناظر بحسب ما يغلب عليه﴾

في اعتقاده

in his belief

Jāmī

﴿فيكون عند كل ناظر بحسب ما يغلب عليه﴾

في اعتقاده حين مشاهدته حقا كان أو باطل ( فهو ) عند أهل الحق

in his belief at the moment of his witnessing, whether true or false (so he is), for the people of truth

Bālī Zāde

﴿عند كل ناظر بحسب ما يغلب عليه فهو كلمة اللّه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لكونه حاصلا عن نفخ جبرائيل

because he came about through Gabriel's breathing.

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.