Mashrabaمشربة

The commentators side by side

One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶11 in the text

11 · 60 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَتَخَيَّلَ السَّامِعُ أَنَّهُمْ نَسَبُوا الأُلُوهَةَ لِلصُّورَةِ وَجَعَلُوهَا عَيْنَ الصُّورَةِ وَمَا فَعَلُوا بَلْ جَعَلُوا الهُوِيَّةَ الإِلَهِيَّةَ ابْتِدَاءً فِي صُورَةٍ بَشَرِيَّةٍ هِيَ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ فَفَصَلُوا بَيْنَ الصُّورَةِ وَالحُكْمِ لَا أَنَّهُمْ جَعَلُوا الصُّورَةَ عَيْنَ الحُكْمِ كَمَا كَانَ جِبْرَئِيلُ فِي صُورَةِ البَشَرِ وَلَا نَفْخَ ثُمَّ نَفَخَ فَفَصَلَ بَيْنَ الصُّورَةِ وَالنَّفْخِ وَكَانَ النَّفْخُ مِنَ الصُّورَةِ فَقَدْ كَانَتْ وَلَا نَفْخَ فَمَا هُوَ النَّفْخُ مِنْ حَدِّهَا الذَّاتِيِّ

So the hearer imagined that they attributed divinity to the form and made it the very self of the form. But they did not do so. Rather, they made the divine He-ness the subject [of their statement], [placed] in a human form, which is the son of Mary. Thus they separated the form from the ruling property; it is not that they made the form the very self of the ruling property. Likewise, Gabriel was in the form of a human being, and there was no blowing; then he blew. So he separated the form from the blowing, even though the blowing came from the form. For the form had already existed with no blowing, so the blowing is not part of its essential definition.

Ibn Turka

﴿فتخيّل السامع﴾

من عبارتهم هذه

from this expression of theirs

Jāmī

﴿فتخيل السامع أنهم نسبوا الألوهية … للصورة وجعلوها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بل الموصوف بها وهو اللّه

rather [they attributed it to] the one qualified by it, namely God

Bālī Zāde

﴿فتخيل السامع﴾

أي سامع قولهمإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ . ( أنهم ) أي القائلون بهذا القول ( نسبوا الألوهية ) ابتداء للصورة العيسوية ( وجعلوها ) أي الألوهية

i.e., the hearer of their statement, "God is the Messiah, son of Mary" (that they), i.e., those who held this view, (ascribed) divinity initially to the Jesus-form specifically (and made it), i.e., divinity

Ibn Turka

﴿أنّهم نسبوا الإلهيّة للصورة وجعلوها عين الصورة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

على ما هو مؤدّى مثل ذلك الكلام . أمّا نسبة الالوهيّة للصورة ، فبحمل المسيح بن مريم بهويّتها على الله بهو هو ، وأما جعلها عين الصورة فبوصفهم المحمول ذلك بالابن ، فحيث يخيّل السامع من كلامهم خلاف ما قصدوه من أصل عقيدتهم التي جبلوا عليها أوّلا

as is the import of such a statement. As for the attribution of divinity to the form, it is by predicating the Messiah, son of Mary, by his identity, of God, by way of identity-predication (hū hū); and as for making it identical with the form, it is by their describing that which is predicated as "the son," so that wherever the hearer is given to imagine, from their speech, something contrary to what they intended from the root belief upon which they were originally formed,

Jāmī

﴿عين الصورة … وما فعلوا﴾

من ذلك عن قصد بل توهمه السامع من كلامهم

that intentionally; rather the listener merely imagined it from their speech

Bālī Zāde

﴿عين الصورة وما فعلوا … بل جعلوا الهوية الإلهية ابتداء … في صورة بشرية﴾

صورة عيسى عليه السلام ( وهي ابن مريم ) وهو صورة سترهم

the form of Jesus, peace be upon him (which is the son of Mary), which is the form of their concealment

Words 10–11 · 1 of 4

وَمَا فَعَلُوا

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿وما فعلوا﴾

ذلك النسبة على وفق ما فهم السامع من كلامهم وطبق ما يخيّل من معتقدهم

that attribution in accordance with what the hearer understood from their speech and in conformity with what is imagined of their belief

Ibn Turka

﴿بل جعلوا الهويّة الإلهيّة ابتداء في صورة بشريّة - هي ابن مريم - ففصّلوا بين الصورة والحكم﴾

وهو نسبة الإلهيّة - تفصيل الحالّ عن المحلّ

which is the attribution of divinity - separating the locus-of-indwelling from the indwelling-locus

Jāmī

﴿بل جعلوا الهوية الإلهية ابتداء﴾

أي في ابتداء كلامهم حيث قالوا : إن اللّه هو المسيح حالة

i.e., at the beginning of their speech, where they said: God is the Messiah in the state of

Jāmī

﴿في صورة بشرية هي ابن مريم﴾

لا ما حل فيها

not that which indwelt it

Jāmī

﴿ففصلوا بين الصورة والحكم﴾

أي الإلهية التي هي المحكوم بها فإنهم ما حكموا على الصورة بل ما حل فيه

i.e., the divine [ruling] which is the predicate, for they did not predicate [divinity] of the form but rather of that which indwelt it

Bālī Zāde

﴿ففصلوا بين الصورة﴾

العيسوية ( والحكم ) . أي الهوية الإلهية فكفروا بالكفر اللغوي وهو الستر إذ كل صورة وهي إستار طلعته لأن الكفر الشرعي في تمام الكلام كله وهو معنى قولهم بالحلول أي اللّه حالّ في صورة عيسى عليه السلام فأحيا الموتى فلما قالوا بالحلول حكموا أن اللّه هو عيسى وهو معنى قوله لا بقولهم هو اللّه وحصروا اللّه في المسيح فما جمع الكفر والخطأ إلا في قولهم هذا

of Jesus (and the judgment/attribute), i.e., the divine identity, so they disbelieved with the linguistic disbelief, which is concealment, since every form is a veil of His disclosure, for the legal disbelief is in the whole completed statement, and that is the meaning of their saying "indwelling," i.e., God indwelling the form of Jesus, peace be upon him, and thereby giving life to the dead; so when they asserted indwelling, they judged that God is Jesus, and that is the meaning of his statement "not by their saying 'he is God,'" and they confined God to the Messiah—so error and disbelief were combined only in this statement of theirs

Ibn Turka

﴿لا أنّهم جعلوا الصورة عين الحكم﴾

على ما هو المفهوم من كلامهم ، والمقصود من خلقتهم ، وهو أنّ الصورة التشبيهيّة عين الحكم المعنويّ التنزيهيّ . وظاهر أنّ المراد بـ « الحكم » هاهنا هو نسبة الالوهيّة لا المحكوم عليه ، ولا القول بالحلول . وب « الفصل » هو التفرقة ، لا إيراد ضمير الفصل ، فإنّه من التعسّفات البعيدة التي لا يليق سلوكها بالمحصّلين ، فكيف بالمحقّقين ! "" إضافة المحقق : تعريض للكاشاني حيث قال في شرح هذا المقطع: « حصروا الهوية الإلهية ابتداء في صورة بشرية هي ابن مريم ، ففصّلوا بين الصورة المسيحية والحكم عليها بالإلهية بـ « هو » - ضمير الفصل - فأفاد كلامهم الحصر لا أنهم جعلوا صورة المسيح عين الحكم عليها بالإلهية . والظاهر أن الشيخ استعمل « الحكم » بمعنى المحكوم عليه ، ليطابق تفسيره الآية ، فإنّ اللَّه في الآية محكوم عليه ، والمسيح هو المحكوم به . وقد يستعمل الحكم كثيرا بمعنى المحكوم به ، فلا حرج أن يستعمل بمعنى المحكوم عليه للملابسة وأراد أنهم أرادوا حلول الحق في صورة عيسى ، وهم يقولون بالفصل ، أي بالفرق وهو أن اللَّه في صورة عيسى . فمعناه : حلّ الحقّ في عيسى بن مريم . فالحكم على هذا حلول اللَّه " . "" وبـ « الخطأ » هو التعبير بما يخالف مقاصدهم ، بل ينافيه ، لا الحصر المستفاد من الفصل فإنّه من الكفر لا الخطأ . إذ حصر الحقّ في صورة بشريّة عيسى هو ستره المذكور المفسّر به الكفر فلا بدّ وأن يكون الخطأ معنى وراء ذلك حتّى يصحّ أن يقال : إنّ كلامهم جامع لهما . تنبيه كاشف لا بدّ من تذكره هاهنا : الوحدة الإلهية لا تعاند الكثرة اعلم أنّ الهويّة الإلهيّة - لانتفاء أحكام المتقابلات فيها - وحدتها ليست هي الوحدة المعاندة للكثرة ، بل هي الشاملة لها ، المستجمعة معها ، فعبّر عنها هاهنا بالحكم ، تنبيها على هذه النكتة ، وتنزّلا أيضا إلى مسلك النصارى في ذلك ، فإنّهم جعلوا الالوهيّة موطن ثالث الثلاثة وقالوا فيها بالأقانيم المتكثّرة . ثمّ إنّهم فصّلوا في المسيح بما كان عليه من إحياء الموتى

according to what is understood from their words, and what is intended by their doctrine, namely that the form of similarity (tashbīh) is identical with the spiritual judgment of incomparability (tanzīh). It is evident that what is meant by "the judgment" here is the relation (nisba) of divinity, not that which is judged, nor the doctrine of indwelling (ḥulūl). And by "separation" (faṣl) is meant differentiation, not the introduction of the pronoun of separation (ḍamīr al-faṣl), for that would be among the far-fetched contrivances unbefitting even careful scholars, let alone the verifying knowers (muḥaqqiqīn)! [Editor's addition:] An allusion to al-Kāshānī, who said in his commentary on this passage: 'They confined the divine identity (huwiyya) from the outset to a human form, namely the son of Mary, and thus separated between the Christic form and the judgment of divinity upon it by means of "He" — the pronoun of separation — so their words conveyed restriction, not that they made the form of the Messiah identical with the judgment of divinity upon it. It is evident that the Shaykh used "judgment" in the sense of "that which is judged," so as to match his interpretation of the verse, for God in the verse is that which is judged, and the Messiah is that by which [the judgment] is made. "Judgment" is often used in the sense of "that by which judgment is made," so there is no harm in using it in the sense of "that which is judged" due to close association. He meant that they intended the indwelling of the Real in the form of Jesus, while speaking of separation, i.e., of distinction, namely that God is [present] in the form of Jesus. So its meaning is: the Real indwelt in Jesus son of Mary. Thus "the judgment" according to this is the indwelling of God.' And by "error" is meant expression by what contradicts their intentions, rather contravenes it — not the restriction derived from the separation, for that belongs to disbelief (kufr), not error. Since confining the Real to the human form of Jesus is the aforementioned "concealment" (satr) by which disbelief is explained, the "error" must necessarily be a meaning beyond that, so that it may rightly be said that their words combine both [kufr and error]. A disclosing remark (tanbīh) that must be recalled here: Divine unity does not oppose multiplicity. Know that the divine identity — due to the absence of the properties of opposites within it — its unity is not the unity that opposes multiplicity, but rather the unity that comprises multiplicity, gathering it together with itself. So he expressed it here by "judgment," alerting to this subtle point, and also descending to the way of the Christians in that regard, for they made divinity the locus of the third of the three, and spoke therein of the multiple hypostases (aqānīm). Then they differentiated in the Messiah by what he had of reviving the dead.

Jāmī

﴿لا أنهم جعلوا الصورة عين الحكم﴾

أي الإلهية على عين الموصوف بها ، ثم إنه رضي اللّه عنه لما بين أنهم فصلوا بين حكم الإلهية والصورة المسيحية شبه هذا الفصل بفصل جبريل بين النفخ والصورة البشرية . فقال

i.e., the divine [ruling] is identical with the very one qualified by it. Then, since he (may God be pleased with him) had explained that they separated between the ruling of divinity and the Christic form, he likened this separation to Gabriel's separation between the blowing and the human form. So he said

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا أنهم جعلوا الصورة عين الحكم﴾

ابتداء وإنما نسبهم الحق إلى الكفر لا إلى الخطأ فإن خطأهم وهو الحصر في قولهم

from the outset, for the Real attributed them to disbelief, not to error, since their error, which is confinement, is in their statement

al-Qāshānī

﴿كما كان جبريل في صورة البشر ولا نفخ ، ثم نفخ ففصل بين الصورة والنفخ ، وكان النفخ من الصورة فكانت ولا نفخ فما هو النفخ من حدها الذاتي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي جعلوا الهوية الإلهية في صورة بشرية ففصلوا بينهما كما فصل بين الصورة والنفخ بأن جبريل كان في الصورة البشرية ولا نفخ وكان النفخ ، فليس النفخ من ذاتيات الصورة ، فكذلك كانت الهوية قبل النفخ فليس النفخ من ذاتيات الصورة ، فكذلك كانت الهوية الإلهية متحققة بدون الصورة العيسوية قبلها . وكذلك كانت الصورة العيسوية متحققة قبل إحياء الموتى المنسوب إلى الإلهية ، فليست إحداهما ذاتية للأخرى ، لا الصورة العيسوية للهوية الإلهية ولا الإحياء المنسوب إلى الإلهية للصورة العيسوية . ومن ناظر فيه من حيث ما ظهر عنه من إحياء الموتى فينسبه إلى الله بالروحية فيقول روح الله . أي به ظهرت الحياة فيمن نفخ فيه ) أي لما اختلفت فيه الحيثيات الثلاث نسبه كل واحد من الناظرين إلى ما غلب عليه في ظنه بحسب نظره ، فمن نظر فيه من حيث ما رأى منه من إحياء الموتى المختص باللَّه نسبه إلى الله بالروحية فقال إنه روح الله وكلمة الله . وقد اختلف في هذه الجهة دون الأولين لقصور النظر في الجهة الأولى ، فمنهم من قال هو الله ومنهم من قال هو ابن الله على الخلاف المشهور بين المسيحيين. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

, then he breathed — so a distinction is made between the form and the breathing. The breathing proceeded from the form, yet the form existed without the breathing; so the breathing is not part of the essential delimitation (ḥadd) of the form] — that is, they placed the divine identity within a human form, and thus separated between the two, just as a distinction is made between the form and the breathing: Gabriel was in human form without breathing, and then there was breathing; so the breathing is not among the essential properties of the form. Likewise, the [divine] identity existed before the breathing — so the breathing is not among the essential properties of the form — and likewise the divine identity was realized without the Christic form prior to it. Likewise, the Christic form was realized prior to the giving-of-life-to-the-dead ascribed to divinity. Thus neither of the two is essential to the other: neither is the Christic form essential to the divine identity, nor is the life-giving ascribed to divinity essential to the Christic form. Whoever considers it from the aspect of what appeared from it — namely, the giving of life to the dead — ascribes it to God through spirituality, saying "Spirit of God," that is, life appeared through it in whomever it was breathed into) — that is, since the three aspects differed regarding him, each of those who considered him ascribed him to whatever predominated in his view according to his own perspective. Whoever considered him from the aspect of what he observed of his giving life to the dead — a matter specific to God — ascribed him to God through spirituality and said: he is the Spirit of God and the Word of God. And there was disagreement about this aspect, unlike the first two, due to the limited scope for consideration in the first aspect. So some said: he is God; and others said: he is the son of God — according to the well-known dispute among Christians. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿كما كان جبرئيل في صورة البشر - ولا نفخ - ثم نفخ . ففصّل بين الصورة والنفخ و﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الدليل على ذلك أنّه

the proof of that is that

Bālī Zāde

﴿كما كان جبريل في صورة البشر ولا نفخ ، ثم نفخ ففصل بين الصورة والنفخ ، وكان النفخ من الصورة فكانت ولا نفخ فما هو النفخ من حدها الذاتي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(ففصلوا بين الصورة والحكم ) أي الهوية الإلهية فكفروا بالكفر اللغوي وهو الستر ، إذ كل صورة هي إستار طلعته لا بالكفر الشرعي ، وهو معنى قولهم بالحلول أي الله حال في صورة عيسى فأحيا الموتى ، فلما قالوا بالحلول حكموا أن الله هو عيسى ، وهو معنى قوله لا بقولهم هو الله وحصروا الله في المسيح . فما جمع الكفر والخطأ إلا في قولهم هذا ( لا أنهم جعلوا الصورة عين الحكم ) ابتداء ، وإنما نسبهم الحق إلى الكفر لا إلى الخطأ . فإن خطأهم وهو الحصر في قولهم – "إِنَّ الله هُوَ الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ " ظاهر بين ، وأما كفرهم فلا يدل ظاهر قولهم عليه لأن ظاهر قولهم إن الله هو المسيح لا يدل إلا على العينية . والكفر للستر والستر يقتضي المغايرة ، فلما نسبهم الحق في قولهم هذا إلى الكفر ارتفع تخيل السامع ، فظهر أن الحق ما قلناه من أنهم فصلوا بين الصورة والحكم ابتداء ، ولو لم يفعلوا لم ينسبوا إلى الكفر فكانت الهوية ولا عيسى ثم وجد لتحقيقها بدونه

(thus they separated between the form and the judgment), i.e., the divine identity, so they disbelieved with linguistic disbelief, which is concealment, since every form is a veil of His disclosure—not with legal disbelief, which is the meaning of their saying "indwelling," i.e., God indwelling in the form of Jesus and thereby giving life to the dead. So when they asserted indwelling, they judged that God is Jesus, and that is the meaning of his statement "not by their saying 'he is God,'" and they confined God to the Messiah. Thus disbelief and error were combined only in this statement of theirs (not that they made the form identical with the judgment) from the outset; rather the Real attributed them to disbelief, not to error. For their error, which is the confinement in their statement—"God is the Messiah, son of Mary"—is manifestly clear, while their disbelief is not indicated by the apparent sense of their statement, for the apparent sense of their saying that God is the Messiah indicates nothing but identity. Disbelief, however, is concealment, and concealment requires otherness. So when the Real attributed them, in this statement of theirs, to disbelief, the hearer's imagining was dispelled, and it became manifest that the truth is what we have stated: that they separated, from the outset, between the form and the judgment. Had they not done so, they would not have been attributed to disbelief. Thus the identity existed without Jesus, then came to be realized without him

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8206); moved here

Words 36–38 · 1 of 4

فِي صُورَةِ البَشَرِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿في صورة البشر ولا نفخ ثم نفخ ففصل … بين الصورة والنفخ﴾

سواء كان النفخ من صورة جبرائيل في عيسى عليهما السلام أو من صورة عيسى عليه السلام في الطير

whether the breathing was from the form of Gabriel into Jesus, peace be upon them both, or from the form of Jesus, peace be upon him, into the bird

Jāmī

﴿ثم نفخ فيها ففصل بين الصورة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

البشرية ( والنفخ ) حيث تخلق النفخ عنها ( و ) لكن

the human (form) (and the blowing), in that the blowing originated from it, (and) yet

Ibn Turka

﴿كان النفخ من الصورة﴾

بشهادة المشاهدة ، وبيّن أن تلك الصورة ما لزمها النفخ

by the testimony of direct witnessing, and he made clear that breathing was not a necessary concomitant of that form

Bālī Zāde

﴿وكان النفخ … من الصورة فقد كانت﴾

أي وجدت الصورة

i.e., the form had existed

Words 49–50 · 1 of 4

مِنَ الصُّورَةِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿من الصورة﴾

آخرا فقد كانت الصورة ولا نفخ منه

subsequently, so the form existed without any blowing from it [at first]

Words 51–54 · 1 of 4

فَقَدْ كَانَتْ وَلَا نَفْخَ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿فقد كانت ولا نفخ﴾

فعلم أنّه ليس من ذاتيّات تلك الصورة ولا من لوازمه

— thus it is known that breathing is not among the essential constituents of that form nor among its necessary concomitants

Words 53–54 · 1 of 4

وَلَا نَفْخَ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولا نفخ﴾

فإذا فصل بين الصورة والنفخ

so when a separation is made between the form and the breathing

Ibn Turka

﴿فما هو النفخ من حدّها الذاتي﴾

فإنّ الذي يدخل في الحدود لا أقلّ من أن يكون من لوازمها . العقائد المختلفة حول عيسى عليه السّلام ثمّ إنّه إذا استمرّ المراء بين أهل النظر في أمر عيسى اختلف آراؤهم فيه

for that which enters into definitions must at least be among its necessary concomitants. The various doctrines concerning Jesus, peace be upon him. Then, when disputation continued among the people of speculative reasoning concerning the matter of Jesus, their views concerning him differed.

Jāmī

﴿فما هو … من حدها الذاتي﴾

الذي لم يفصل عنها ولا لازمها الخارجي كذلك ، ثم إنه لما استمر من العقلاء أهل النظر النظر في أمر عيسى عليه السلام وكان له وجوه متعددة اختلفت آراؤهم فيه

is not] part of its essential delimitation, that which is not separate from it, nor is it its external concomitant likewise. Then, since reflection among the rational, speculative theologians persisted regarding the matter of Jesus, peace be upon him, and he had multiple aspects, their views differed concerning him

Bālī Zāde

﴿فما هو النفخ من حدها الذاتي﴾

أي ليس النفخ من الحد الذاتي للصورة سواء كانت الصورة لجبرائيل أو لعيسى عليهما السلام لوجود الصورة بدون النفخ ولا الصورة العيسوية حدا ذاتيا للهوية الإلهية لتحقق الهوية بدون الصورة العيسوية ولا الأحياء حدا ذاتيا للصورة العيسوية لوجودها قبل الأحياء . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

i.e., breathing is not part of the essential delimitation of the form, whether the form be that of Gabriel or of Jesus, peace be upon them both, since the form exists without breathing; nor is the Jesus-form an essential delimitation of the divine identity, since the identity is realized without the Jesus-form; nor is the giving of life an essential delimitation of the Jesus-form, since it existed before the giving of life. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.