Mashrabaمشربة

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One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶14 in the text

14 · 73 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَهَلْ تُنْسَبُ الكَلِمَةُ إِلَيْهِ بِحَسَبِ مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ فَلَا تُعْلَمُ مَاهِيَّتُهَا أَوْ يَنْزِلُ هُوَ تَعَالَىٰ إِلَىٰ صُورَةِ مَنْ يَقُولُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ قَوْلُ كُنْ حَقِيقَةٌ لِتِلْكَ الصُّورَةِ الَّتِي نَزَلَ إِلَيْهَا وَظَهَرَ فِيهَا فَبَعْضُ العَارِفِينَ يَذْهَبُ إِلَىٰ الطَّرَفِ الوَاحِدِ وَبَعْضُهُمْ إِلَىٰ الطَّرَفِ الآخَرِ وَبَعْضُهُمْ يَحَارُ فِي الأَمْرِ وَلَا يَدْرِي وَهَذِهِ مَسْأَلَةٌ لَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ تُعْرَفَ إِلَّا ذَوْقًا كَأَبِي يَزِيدَ حِينَ نَفَخَ فِي النَّمْلَةِ الَّتِي قَتَلَهَا فَحَيِيَتْ فَعَلِمَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ بِمَنْ يَنْفُخُ فَنَفَخَ فَكَانَ عِيسَوِيَّ المَشْهَدِ

Is the word, then, ascribed to Him according to what He is in Himself, so that its quiddity is not known? Or does He (exalted is He) descend to the form of the one who says "Be!", so that the saying of "Be!" is a reality belonging to that form to which He descended and in which He became manifest? Some of the gnostics incline to the one side, some of them to the other side, and some of them are bewildered in the matter and do not know. This is a question that cannot be known except by tasting, as with Abū Yazīd when he breathed into the ant that he had killed and it came to life: at that moment he knew by whom he was breathing, and so he breathed, and his witnessing was Jesus-like.

Jāmī

﴿فهل تنسب … الكلمة إليه سبحانه بحسب ما هو عليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في مقام الجمع من التنزه عن أن يكون كلامه من مقولة الصوت والحروف

in the station of unity (jamʿ), by way of declaring incomparability (tanzīh), that His speech is not of the category of sound and letters

Bālī Zāde

﴿فهل تنسب الكلمة إليه تعالى بحسب ما هو عليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من مقام ألوهيته بدون النزول وتكلم بلسانه بكلمة كن فأحيا الموتى وخلق الطير من صورة عيسى عليه السلام

from the station of His Divinity without descent, and He speaks with His tongue the word "Be," thereby giving life to the dead and creating a bird from the form of Jesus, peace be upon him,

Ibn Turka

﴿إليه تعالى بحسب ما هو عليه ، فلا تعلم ماهيّتها﴾

أي الكلمة ما هي : أمن مقولة القول ، أو نسبة خاصّة من اجتماع الأسماء ، أو غير ذلك ؟

— that is, what the Word is: is it of the category of speech, or a particular relation arising from the conjunction of the Names, or something else?

Jāmī

﴿فلا تعلم﴾

حينئذ ( ماهيتها ) ، أي ماهية كلمة كن لأن في ذلك المقام لا مغايرة بين الذات والصفات . فكما لا تعلم حقيقة الذات لا تعلم ماهية الصفات أيض ( أو ) تنسب إليه

at that point — i.e., the quiddity of the word "Be" — because in that station there is no differentiation between the Essence and the Attributes. Just as the reality of the Essence is not known, the quiddity of the Attributes is likewise not known. (Or) it is ascribed to Him

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلا تعلم ماهيتها﴾

حينئذ إذ كلمته عين ماهيته فلا تعلم ماهيته فلا تعلم كلمته . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

in that case, since His Word is identical with His quiddity, so His quiddity is not known, and thus His Word is not known. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿أو ينزل هو تعالى إلى صورة من يقول : " كن" فيكون قول " كن " حقيقة لتلك الصورة التي نزل إليها ، وظهر فيه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

واختلف العارفون في هذه الكلمة اختلاف الملل في الكلمة العيسويّة

And the knowers (ʿārifūn) differed concerning this Word as the religious communities differed concerning the Christic Word.

Jāmī

﴿حين ينزل هو تعالى﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في موطن المثال والخيال أو الحس ( إلى صورة من قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

in the locus of image (mithāl) and imagination, or of sense-perception, (to the form of one who)— the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿أو ينزل هو تعالى إلى صورة من يقول … "كُنْ فَيَكُونُ " قول كن حقيقة لتلك الصورة التي نزل … إليها وظهر فيها﴾

وتكلم بكن لإحياء الموتى وخلق الطير

, speaking "Be" to give life to the dead and to create a bird,

Words 16–17 · 1 of 4

إِلَىٰ صُورَةِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿إلى صورة من يقول «كن» فيكون قول كن حقيقة لتلك الصورة التي نزل إليها وظهر فيها؟ فبعض العارفين يذهب إلى الطرف الواحد، وبعضهم إلى الطرف الآخر، وبعضهم يحار في الأمر ولا يدري. وهذه مسألة لا يمكن أن تعرف إلا ذوقا كأبي يزيد حين نفخ في النملة التي قتلها فحييت فعلم عند ذلك بمن ينفخ فنفخ فكان عيسوي المشهد. وأما الإحياء المعنوي بالعلم فتلك الحياة الإلهية الدائمة العلية النورية التي قال الله فيها «أو من كان ميتا فأحييناه وجعلنا له نورا يمشي به في الناس» فكل من أحيا نفسا ميتة بحياة علمية في مسألة خاصة متعلقة بالعلم بالله، فقد أحياه بها وكانت له نورا يمشي به في الناس أي بين أشكاله في الصورة. … كُنْ فَيَكُونُ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قول كن ) المركب من هذه الحروف

the saying "Be," composed of these letters

Words 24–26 · 1 of 4

حَقِيقَةٌ لِتِلْكَ الصُّورَةِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿حقيقة لتلك الصورة التي نزل … إليها وظهر فيها﴾

بحسبها لا للحق الظاهر فيها الإنباء على اتحاد الظاهر والمظهر فوقع الخلاف في كلمة كن كما وقع في عيسى

according to it — not for the Real manifest within it — indicating the union of the manifest (ẓāhir) and the locus of manifestation (maẕhar). Thus disagreement occurred concerning the word "Be" just as it occurred concerning Jesus

Ibn Turka

﴿فبعض العارفين يذهب إلى الطرف الواحد ، وبعضهم إلى الطرف الآخر ، وبعضهم يحار في الأمر ولا يدري و﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لكن ( هذه مسألة ) - يعني مسألة تصوّر الوجهين هذه وتنزّل الحقّ إلى صورة القائل - لبعده عن المدارك العقليّة . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

yet (this is a question) — meaning this question of conceiving the two aspects and of the Real's descent to the form of the speaker — due to its remoteness from rational perceptions. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿فبعض العارفين يذهب إلى الطرف الواحد﴾

أي طرف كان فينسب مثلا كلمة كن إلى اللّه سبحانه

whichever side it may be, so they ascribe, for example, the word "Be" to God, exalted is He

Bālī Zāde

﴿فبعض العارفين يذهب إلى الطرف الواحد﴾

وهو أن اللّه متكلم بكلمة كن في مقام ألوهيته وهو المحيي والخالق لا العبد

which is that God is the speaker of the word "Be" in the station of His Divinity, and He is the Giver of life and the Creator, not the servant,

Jāmī

﴿وبعضهم إلى الطرف الآخر﴾

المقابل فينسب كلمة كن إلى العبد

the opposite one, so they ascribe the word "Be" to the servant

Bālī Zāde

﴿وبعضهم إلى الطرف الآخر﴾

وهو أن اللّه متنزل في صورة من يتكلم بكلمة كن فالخالق والمحيي هو العبد بإذن اللّه

which is that God descends into the form of the one who speaks the word "Be," so the Creator and Giver of life is the servant, by God's permission,

Jāmī

﴿وبعضهم يحار في الأمر﴾

أي أمر كلمة كن وشأنها أو في الأمر الذي هو كلمة كن فإنها صيغة أمر . ( ولا يدري إلى أي من الطرفين ) ينسبه . ( وهذه ) ، أي نسبة كلمة كن إلى الحق أو العبد

that is, the matter of the word "Be" and its case, or regarding the command (amr) which is the word "Be," for it is in the form of a command. (And he does not know) to which of the two sides to ascribe it. (And this) — that is, the ascription of the word "Be" to the Real or to the servant

Bālī Zāde

﴿وبعضهم يحار في الأمر﴾

أي في صدور الأمر الخارق من العبد كالإحياء وخلق الطير

that is, about the proceeding of the extraordinary act from the servant, such as giving life and creating a bird,

Words 46–47 · 1 of 4

وَلَا يَدْرِي

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولا يدري﴾

من أي شيء هو أمن الحق أم من العبد لأن هذا العارف يعلم أن الإحياء من الخصائص الإلهية فشاهد صدوره من العبد فيحار في نسبته إلى اللّه وإلى العبد لعدم ذوق هذا العارف من تلك المسألة ( وهذه ) أي الإحياء والخلق . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

from what source it is — whether from the Real or from the servant — because this knower knows that giving life is among the divine specificities, yet he witnesses its proceeding from the servant, so he remains bewildered as to attributing it to God or to the servant, due to this knower's lack of direct tasting in this matter. (And this), that is, the giving of life and creating. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qāshānī

﴿وهذه مسألة لا يمكن أن تعرف إلا ذوقا : كأبي يزيد حين نفخ في النملة التي قتلها فحييت فعلم عند ذلك بمن ينفخ فنفخ ، وكان عيسوى المشهد﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعنى معرفة الإحياء وكيفية نسبة الحق في صورة عبده إلى النافخ باللَّه ، لا يحصل إلا بالذوق فمن لم يحيى لم يحي كما فعل أبو يزيد لم يشهده سهوا محققا ولم يعرفه إلا ذوقا ، فإن الإحياء من الكيفيات والكيفيات لا تعرف بالتعريفات ، ولا يتجلى بالوجودات كما ذكر قبل . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

— meaning: the knowledge of the giving-of-life and the manner of ascribing the Real's action, [manifest] in the form of His servant, to the One who breathes through God — this cannot be attained except through direct tasting. Whoever has not experienced [such] life-giving cannot give life as Abū Yazīd did; he could not have witnessed it through mere inattentive realization, nor known it except through direct tasting. For the giving-of-life belongs to the category of qualities (kayfiyyāt), and qualities are not known through definitions, nor are they disclosed through [discursive accounts of] existents, as was mentioned before. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿مسألة لا يمكن أن تعرف … إلا ذوقا … كأبي يزيد حين قتل نملة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

تحت قدمه وتألم من قتله

beneath his foot and was grieved by killing it

Bālī Zāde

﴿مسألة لا يمكن أن تعرف﴾

بكنه الحقيقة

by the very essence of its reality

Ibn Turka

﴿لا يمكن أن تعرف إلا بذوق كأبي يزيد حين نفخ في النملة التي قتلها فحييت ، فعلم عند ذلك بمن ينفخ ، فنفخ ، فكان عيسويّ المشهد﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فعلم أنّ الإحياء ليس مختصّا بعيسى هذا في الإحياء الصوريّ بالكون العرضي المفارق . الإحياء المعنوي

— thus it is known that the giving of life is not restricted to Jesus. This [discussion] concerns the formal giving of life through the transient accidental coming-to-be. The spiritual/meaningful giving of life (al-iḥyāʾ al-maʿnawī):

Words 54–55 · 1 of 4

إِلَّا ذَوْقًا

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلا ذوقا كأبي يزيد حين نفخ في النملة التي قتلها فحييت … فعلم عند ذلك … بمن ينفخ فنفخ فكان … عيسوي المشهد﴾

فعلم منه أن كل ما صدر من الأولياء مثل هذا كان بواسطة روحانية عيسى عليه السلام هذا هو الإحياء الصوري . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

so it became known from this that everything that proceeds from the saints (awliyāʾ) of this kind occurs through the mediation of the spirituality of Jesus, peace be upon him. This is the sensory giving of life. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿ثم نفخ في النملة التي قتلها فحييت﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

النملة ( فعلم ) أبو يزيد ( عند ) إرادة ( ذلك ) النفخ ( أن ينفخ ) بربه أو بنفسه ( فنفخ فكان حينئذ عيسوي المشهد ) والمقام مستعدا من روحانية عيسى صلى اللّه عليه وسلم . وفيه إشارة إلى أن كل من يحصل له هذا المقام يكون بواسطة روحانيته ، فعلم أن الإحياء ليس مختصا بعيسى ، وما ذكر من الإحياء فهو إحياء صوري بحياة كونية عرضية سفلية ظلمانية

— the ant. (So) Abū Yazīd (knew), upon intending (that) blowing, (that he should blow) by his Lord or by himself, (so he blew, and was thus at that point at the station of Jesus — ʿīsawī al-mashhad) — the station being made ready through the spirituality of Jesus, peace be upon him. In this there is an indication that whoever attains this station does so by the mediation of his (Jesus's) spirituality. Thus it is known that quickening the dead is not peculiar to Jesus; and what has been mentioned of quickening is a formal quickening (iḥyāʾ ṣūrī) through a contingent, accidental, lower, darksome life.

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.