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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶15 in the text

15 · 85 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

وَأَمَّا الإِحْيَاءُ المَعْنَوِيُّ بِالعِلْمِ فَتِلْكَ الحَيَاةُ الإِلَهِيَّةُ الدَّائِمَةُ العَلِيَّةُ النُّورِيَّةُ الَّتِي قَالَ اللهُ فِيهَا أَوَمَن كَانَ مَيْتًا فَأَحْيَيْنَـٰهُ وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُۥ نُورًا يَمْشِى بِهِۦ فِى ٱلنَّاسِ فَكُلُّ مَنْ أَحْيَا نَفْسًا مَيْتَةً بِحَيَاةٍ عِلْمِيَّةٍ فِي مَسْأَلَةٍ خَاصَّةٍ مُتَعَلِّقَةٍ بِالعِلْمِ بِاللهِ فَقَدْ أَحْيَاهُ بِهَا وَكَانَتْ لَهُ نُورًا يَمْشِي بِهِ فِي النَّاسِ أَيْ بَيْنَ أَشْكَالِهِ فِي الصُّورَةِ فَلَوْلَاهُ وَلَوْلَانَا لَمَا كَانَ الَّذِي كَانَا فَإِنَّا أَعْبُدٌ حَقًّا وَإِنَّ اللهَ مَوْلَانَا وَإِنَّا عَيْنُهُ فَاعْلَمْ إِذَا مَا قُلْتَ إِنْسَانًا فَلَا تُحْجَبْ بِإِنْسَانٍ فَقَدْ أَعْطَاكَ بُرْهَانًا فَكُنْ حَقًّا وَكُنْ خَلْقًا تَكُنْ بِاللَّهِ رَحْمَانًا

As for the spiritual giving of life (iḥyāʾ) through knowledge, that is the divine, everlasting, exalted, luminous life of which God said: "Is he who was dead, and We gave him life and appointed for him a light by which he walks among the people…" [Q 6:122]. So everyone who gives life to a dead soul through a life of knowledge concerning a particular question connected with knowledge of God has given him life by it, and it has become for him a light by which he walks among the people, that is, among those who resemble him in form. Were it not for Him, and were it not for us, that which came to be would not have come to be. For we are servants in truth, and God is our Master; and we are His very self (ʿayn), so know [this] whenever you say "a human being." So do not be veiled by a human being, for He has given you a proof. So be the Real and be creation, and you will be, through God, all-merciful (raḥmān).

On the whole passage · 2 of 5

al-Qāshānī

﴿وأما الإحياء المعنوي بالعلم فتلك الحياة الإلهية الذاتية الدائمة العلية النورية التي قال الله فيها – " أَومن كانَ مَيْتاً فَأَحْيَيْناه وجَعَلْنا لَه نُوراً يَمْشِي به في النَّاسِ " - فكل من أحيا نفسا ميتة بحياة علمية في مسألة خاصة متعلقة بالعلم باللَّه فقد أحياه بها ، وكانت له نورا يمشى به في الناس ، أي بين أشكاله في الصورة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعنى أن الإحياء الحقيقي هو الإحياء المعنوي بالعلم للنفس الميتة بالجهل ، فإن العلم هو الحياة الحقيقية الدائمة السرمدية العلية النورية لنفوس العارفين العالمين باللَّه . ولكن لا كل علم بل العلم باللَّه وصفاته وأسمائه وآياته وكلماته وأفعاله وقد أعطاه الله أولياءه الكمل الأصفياء يحيون بنفائس أنفاسهم نفوس المستعدين ، ويفيضون عليهم أنوار الحياة النورية العلية العلمية فيحيون بها عن موت الجهل ويمشون في الناس بنورهم ، كما قال تعالى

becomes for him a light by which he walks among the people, that is, among his likenesses in form] This means that true revivification is spiritual revivification by knowledge for the soul that is dead through ignorance, for knowledge is the true, perpetual, everlasting, exalted, luminous life for the souls of the knowers who know God. But not every knowledge - rather, knowledge of God, His attributes, His names, His signs, His words, and His acts. God has given this to His perfect, purified saints (awliyāʾ): they revive, with the precious breaths of their souls, the souls of those who are prepared (mustaʿiddīn), and they pour forth upon them the lights of the exalted, luminous, knowledge-based life, so that they are revived thereby from the death of ignorance and walk among the people by their light, as the Exalted said

Bālī Zāde

﴿وأما الإحياء المعنوي بالعلم فتلك الحياة الإلهية الذاتية الدائمة العلية النورية التي قال الله فيها – " أَومن كانَ مَيْتاً فَأَحْيَيْناه وجَعَلْنا لَه نُوراً يَمْشِي به في النَّاسِ " - فكل من أحيا نفسا ميتة بحياة علمية في مسألة خاصة متعلقة بالعلم باللَّه فقد أحياه بها ، وكانت له نورا يمشى به في الناس ، أي بين أشكاله في الصورة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فعلم منه أن كل ما صدر من الأولياء مثل هذا كان ذلك بواسطة روحانية عيسى عليه السلام ، هذا هو الإحياء الصوري ( وأما الإحياء المعنوي ) اهـ بالى . ( بين أشكاله في الصورة ) فظهر أن الإحياء الحسي والمعنوي ، إما من الله بواسطة الإنسان الكامل ، وإما من الإنسان الكامل بإذن الله فكان لكل واحد من الحق والعبد مدخل في وجود حادث ، فيستند الوجود إلى الحق وإلى العبد

so it became known from this that everything that proceeds from the saints of this kind occurs through the mediation of the spirituality of Jesus, peace be upon him — this is the sensory giving of life. (As for the spiritual giving of life) and so on to the end. (Among its forms in outward manifestation) so it becomes clear that the sensory and spiritual giving of life is either from God through the mediation of the perfect human, or from the perfect human by God's permission; thus each of the Real and the servant has a share in the existence of a contingent thing, so existence is referred both to the Real and to the servant,

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8291); moved here

Ibn Turka

﴿وأما الإحياء المعنويّ بالعلم﴾

الذي هو أتمّ أصناف نوعه ، أعني إحياء النفوس البشرية المستهلكة في ظلمات القوى الطبيعية بإشراب ماء حياة العلم باللَّه من العين الخاصّ الختميّ ومشرب ذوقه الكماليّ ، الذي هو أتمّ أنواع الحياة وأشرفها - فإنّ هذه الحياة أعني إحياء الأجسام بالنفخ هي الحياة الكونيّة العرضيّة السفليّة الظلمانيّة . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

which is the most complete of the kinds of its type - I mean the quickening of human souls consumed in the darknesses of the natural faculties by giving them to drink the water of life of knowledge of God from the special Seal-like spring and the perfect tasting-draught of it, which is the most complete and noblest kind of life - for this life, I mean the quickening of bodies by the breathing, is the cosmic, accidental, lower, dark life. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿وأما الإحياء المعنوي﴾

يعني إحياء النفوس البشرية في ظلمات الجهل

meaning the quickening of human souls from the darknesses of ignorance

Bālī Zāde

﴿وأما الإحياء المعنوي بالعلم فتلك الحياة الإلهية الذاتية العلمية النورية التي قال تعالى فيها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي في حق هذه الحياة ( أو من كان ميتا ) بالجهل ( فأحييناه ) بالحياة العلمية

that is, regarding this life, (or he who was dead) through ignorance (and We gave him life) through knowledge-based life,

Ibn Turka

﴿فتلك الحياة الإلهيّة الذاتيّة العليّة النوريّة التي قال الله فيها : " أَوَمن كانَ مَيْتاً فَأَحْيَيْناه ُ وَجَعَلْنا لَه ُ نُوراً يَمْشِي به في النَّاسِ " … فكلّ من أحيا نفسا ميتة بحياة علميّة في مسألة خاصّة متعلَّقة بالعلم باللَّه ، فقد أحياه بها ، وكانت له نورا يمشى به في الناس . أي بين أشكاله في الصورة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من بني نوعه ،فإنّ المشاكلة والمماثلة إنما تستدعي التورّط فيما هم عليه من الضلالة في ظلمات العادات وغياهب الاعتقادات ، فالإنسان في تلك الورطات إذا ممّا لا مندوحة له عمّا يهتدي به من الأنوار الكاشفة عن الطريق فلذلك صرّح في النص التنزيلي به . ثمّ إنّه لما انساق الكلام إلى هذه الجمعيّة الختميّة ، حرّكه بواعث الشوق والانبساط إلى التنقّل من منثورات الحقائق نحو منظومات اللطائف ، بما ينبئ عن كمال ذوق هذه الورثة الختميّة ، وعلوّ قدرهم في فنون المعارف بقوله

i.e., among his likenesses in form from the sons of his species, for resemblance and similarity necessarily entail becoming entangled in the error in which they are, amid the darknesses of customs and the depths of beliefs. So man, in those predicaments, has no escape from what guides him by the illuminating lights that reveal the path; hence it was made explicit in the revealed text. Then, when the discourse was led to this Seal-like comprehensiveness, the impulses of longing and expansiveness moved him to shift from the scattered pearls of realities toward the ordered strings of subtleties, conveying the perfection of the taste of this Seal-like inheritance and the loftiness of its rank in the various branches of knowledge, in his saying:

Jāmī

﴿بالعلم فتلك الحياة﴾

أي ثمرة ذلك الإحياء ونتيجة تلك الحياة

that is, the fruit of that quickening and the result of that life

Jāmī

﴿الإلهية الدائمة العلية النورية التي قال اللّه فيهاأَ وَمَنْ كانَ مَيْتاً﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي بموت الجهل (فَأَحْيَيْناهُ) بالحياة العلمية

that is, dead through the death of ignorance, ("and We gave him life") through knowledge-based life

Words 15–18 · 1 of 5

أَوَمَن كَانَ مَيْتًا فَأَحْيَيْنَـٰهُ

Only al-Qāshānī comments here.

al-Qāshānī

﴿أَومن كانَ مَيْتاً فَأَحْيَيْناه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

- والمتحقق بهذا الإحياء هو المتحقق باسم الله المحيي بالحقيقة وبالحي والإحياء بهذا المعنى أعز وأشرف من الإحياء بالصورة ، فإنه إحياء الأرواح والنفوس وهي أشرف من الأجساد والصور ، ولا شك أن نبينا صلى الله عليه وسلم كان أفضل من عيسى وليس له الإحياء بالصورة بل بالعلم ، لكن الأول أندر وأقل وجودا ، واستشراف النفوس إليه أكثر ، ولذلك عظم وقعه في النفوس

- and he who is realized in this revivification is realized in the name of God the Reviver (al-Muḥyī) in truth, and in [the name] the Living (al-Ḥayy); and revivification in this sense is more precious and more noble than revivification in form, for it is the revivification of spirits and souls, which are nobler than bodies and forms. There is no doubt that our Prophet, God's peace and blessings be upon him, was more excellent than Jesus, and he did not possess revivification in form but rather by knowledge; however the former [revivification in form] is rarer and less frequent in occurrence, while souls' yearning toward it is greater, and therefore its impact upon souls is greater

Jāmī

﴿"وَجَعَلْنا لَهُ نُوراً" … "يَمْشِي بِهِ فِي النَّاسِ"، فكل من أحيا نفسا ميتة … بحياة علمية في مسألة خاصة متعلقة بالعلم باللّه﴾

في ذاته وصفاته وأفعاله وإنما قيده به لأن العلم بما عدا ذلك هو والجهل سواء

in His Essence, Attributes, and Acts. He restricted it to this because knowledge of anything other than that is on par with ignorance.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وجعلنا له نورا … يمشي به … في الناس﴾

فيدرك بذلك النور ما في أنفسهم

so by that light he perceives what is within the souls of people,

Bālī Zāde

﴿فكل من يحيي نفسا ميتة بحياة علمية في مسألة خاصة متعلقة بالعلم باللّه فقد أحياه بها وكانت﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

هذه الحياة العلمية

this knowledge-based life

Words 39–40 · 1 of 5

فَقَدْ أَحْيَاهُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿فقد أحياه بها وكانت … لَهُ نُوراً﴾

[ الأنعام : 122 ] علمي ( يمشي ) متلبسا

[Qur'an 6:122] — a light of knowledge — (he walks) clothed

Words 43–44 · 1 of 5

لَهُ نُورًا

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿له نورا يمشي به في الناس أي بين أشكاله … في الصورة﴾

هو متعلق بأشكاله وضمير أشكاله لمن له النور فظهر أن الإحياء الحسي والمعنوي إما من اللّه بواسطة الإنسان الكامل بإذن اللّه فكان لكل واحد من الحق والعبد مدخل في وجود حادث فيستند الوجود إلى الحق والعبد ( شعر )

this relates to its forms, and the pronoun "its forms" refers to the one who possesses the light; so it becomes clear that the sensory and spiritual giving of life is either from God through the mediation of the perfect human, by God's permission — thus each of the Real and the servant has a share in the existence of a contingent thing, so existence is referred to both the Real and the servant. (Verse):

Jāmī

﴿به في الناس أي بين أشكاله﴾

أي قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is — the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Words 52–53 · 1 of 5

فِي الصُّورَةِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿في الصورة﴾

فقط فإنه بحسب المعنى متميز عنهم بذلك النور ، فهو يمشي بينهم وهم محرومون منهمكون في جهالاتهم ، ولا يبعد أن يقال معنى يمشي في الناس ينفذ بنوره العلمي في حقائقهم وبواطنهم فيعلم ما لا يعلمون من أنفسهم ، ولما ذكر أن الموجودات كلها صادرة عن كلمة كن وهي إما منسوبة إليه تعالى بحسب ما هو عليه في حد ذاته . أو بحسب نزوله إلى صورة من يقول : كن وهو الإنسان الكامل أكده بقوله

only, for in meaning he is distinguished from them by that light. He walks among them while they are deprived, immersed in their ignorances. Nor is it far-fetched to say that the meaning of "walking among the people" is that he penetrates with his knowledge-light into their realities and their inward dimensions, thus knowing of them what they do not know of themselves. And since it was mentioned that all existent things proceed from the word "Be," and it is either ascribed to Him, exalted is He, according to what He is in the limit of His own Essence, or according to His descent to the form of one who says "Be" — who is the perfect human (al-insān al-kāmil) — he confirmed this with his saying:

al-Qāshānī

﴿فلولاه ولولان %~% لما كان الذي كانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي لا بد في الأكوان والتجليات الفعلية من الحق الذي هو منبع الفيض والتأثير، ومن الأعيان القابلة التي تقبل التأثير وتتأثر فتظهر التجليات الأسمائية والأفعالية ، ووجه الارتباط بما قبله أن الإحياءين وجميع الأفعال والأكوان لا بد لها من الألوهية والعبدانية ليتحقق الفعل والقبول والتجلي والمجلى يقول الشيخ رضي الله عنه

That is, in the cosmos and the actual self-disclosures (tajalliyāt), there must necessarily be the Real, who is the source of the effusion (fayḍ) and of effect, and the receptive entities (aʿyān) which receive the effect and are affected, so that the self-disclosures of the names and the acts become manifest. The connection with what preceded is that the two revivifications, and all acts and existents, necessarily require divinity (ulūhiyya) and servanthood (ʿabdāniyya) for the act, the reception, the self-disclosure, and the locus of self-disclosure to be realized. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Jandī

﴿فلولاه ولولان %~% لما كان الذي كانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني - رضي الله عنه - : أنّه لا بدّ في كون الأفعال الكونية والإلهية من الله من صدور وجود أعيانها ، ولا بدّ أيضا من الحقائق الكلَّية الكمالية العبدانية القابلة للوجود الحق الواحد وأكوانه الفعلية من التجليات والتعيّنات ، فنحن بعبوديّتنا ومألوهيّتنا ومربوبيتنا نظهر كونه ذا أسماء وتجلَّيات . والله بإلهيته وربوبيته يفيض علينا الوجود وعلى الأكوان وعلى الأفعال الصالحة ، إضافة إلى الله من وجه ، و إلينا من وجه ، ولا بدّ منه . كما قلنا في الغرّاء التائية : فلا بدّ منه %~% إنّه كلّ بدّن ولا بدّ منّ %~% في أصحّ الأدلَّة

He, may God be pleased with him, means: that for the cosmic and divine acts to proceed from God, there must needs be the coming forth of the existence of their entities (aʿyān), and there must also be the universal, perfected, servant-like realities (al-ḥaqāʾiq al-kulliyya al-kamāliyya al-ʿabdāniyya) that are receptive to the one Real Being and its actual existentiations (akwān) through self-disclosures and entifications. For by our servanthood (ʿubūdiyya), our being-divinized (maʾlūhiyya) and our being-lorded-over (marbūbiyya), we manifest His being possessed of names and self-disclosures; and God, by His divinity and lordship, pours forth existence upon us, upon the existents, and upon the righteous acts—attributed to God from one aspect, and to us from another aspect, and this is indispensable. As we said in the famous Tāʾiyya poem: "So he is indispensable—indeed he is wholly indispensable—and I too am indispensable, according to the soundest proofs."

Ibn Turka

﴿فلولاه ولولان %~% لما كان الذي كانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يمكن أن يجعل كناية « لولانا » عبارة عن الذين أحياهم الشرب من المشرب الختميّ ، وعين الحياة الحقيقيّة ويمكن أن يجعل لمطلق الإنسان ، وعلى الأول يكون قول

It is possible to make the allusion "were it not for us" refer to those whom drinking from the Seal-like spring and the very source of true life has quickened; and it is possible to make it refer to man in general. On the first reading, the saying:

Jāmī

﴿فلولاه ولولانا %~% لما كان الذي كان فإنا أعبد حق %~% وإن الله مولان وإنا عينه فاعلم %~% إذا ما قلت إنسان فلا تحجب بإنسان %~% فقد أعطاك برهان فكن حقا وكن خلقا %~% تكن بالله رحمان وغذ خلقه منه %~% تكن روحا وريحان فأعطيناه ما يبدو %~% به فينا وأعطانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أمثاله فإن الشكل لغة هو المثل وهذه المماثلة إنما تكون

Were it not for Him and were it not for us, / what was would not have been. / For we are truly worshippers, / and God is our Master. / And we are His very identity (ʿayn), so know it — / when you say "human," / do not be veiled by the human, / for He has given you a proof. / So be Real and be created, / you will be, through God, All-Merciful. / And nourish His creatures from Him, / you will be spirit and sweet basil. / So We gave him what appears / through Him in Us, and He gave Us — his likenesses, for "form" (shakl), linguistically, means "likeness" (mithl), and this resemblance only occurs

﴿فلولاه ولولانا %~% لما كان الذي كانا﴾

( فلولاه ) لتصدر عنه بعض الموجودات بواسطة كلمة كن المنسوبة إليه تعالى بحسب نزوله إليهم البعض الآخر من الموجودات

(Were it not for Him) for some existents to proceed from Him by means of the word "Be" ascribed to Him, exalted is He, according to His descent to them — the other portion of existents [proceeding through us]

﴿ولولانا لما كان الذي كانا﴾

يعني لما وجد الذي وجد لأن الموجودات منحصرة في هذين القسمين

meaning what exists would not have existed, for existents are confined to these two categories

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلولاه ولولان %~% لما كان الذي كانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(فلولاه ولولانا ) أي فلو لم يكن الحق وأعياننا ( لما كان الذي كانا ) أي لما ظهر في الكون ما ظهر وهو بيان لاتحاد الإنسان مع الحق في الربوبية : ( فأنا أعبد حق وإن الله مولانا ) وهو بيان للفرق ( وأنا عينه فاعلم إذا ما قلت إنسانا ) أي إذا سميت عينك بإنسان لا ينافي عينيتنا مع الحق إنسانيتنا

("Were it not for Him and were it not for us") i.e., were it not for the Real and our entities (aʿyān) ("that which came to be would not have been") i.e., what appeared in the cosmos would not have appeared — and this is an explanation of the union of the human being with the Real in lordship (rubūbiyya): ("So I worship, as the Real, and indeed God is our Master") which is an explanation of the distinction. ("And I am His very entity (ʿayn), so know, when I say 'a human'") i.e., when you name your entity (ʿayn) "a human being," this does not negate our being identical in entity (ʿayniyya) with the Real as our humanity.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8311); moved here

﴿فلولاه ولولانا %~% لما كان الذي كان … فلولاه ولولانا﴾

أي ولو لم يكن الحق وأعيانن

that is, were it not for the Real and our entities

Words 56–59 · 1 of 5

لَمَا كَانَ الَّذِي كَانَا

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿لما كان الذي كانا﴾

أي لما ظهر في الكون ما ظهر وهو بيان لاتحاد الإنسان مع الحق في الربوبية

i.e., what appeared in the cosmos would not have appeared, and this is an explanation of the union of the human being with the Real in lordship (rubūbiyya).

al-Qāshānī

﴿فأنا أعبد حق %~% وإن الله مولانا … وأنا عينه فاعلم %~% إذ ما قلت إنسانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي أنا أعبد الحقيقة لأنا نعبده بالعبادة الذاتية أي الأحدية الجمعية ، وإن الله بجميع الأسماء متولينا وولينا ومدبر أمورنا بخلاف سائر الموجودات ، فإنهم عبيده ببعض الوجوه والله مولاهم ببعض الأسماء . وأما الإنسان الكامل فإنه عين الحق لظهوره في صورته بالأحدية الجمعية ، بخلاف سائر الأشياء ، فإنها وإن كان الحق عين كل واحد منها فليست عينه لأنها مظاهر بعض أسمائه فلا يتجلى الحق فيها على صورته الذاتية ، وأما إذا قلت إنسانا أي إنسانا كاملا في الإنسانية فهو الذي يتجلى الحق على صورته الذاتية فهو عينه

That is, I worship the Reality because we worship Him with essential worship, that is, the worship of the unitary comprehensiveness (al-aḥadiyya al-jamʿiyya); and God, with all the Names, is our Patron (mawlā) and our Friend (walī) and the Director of our affairs - unlike the rest of existing things, for they are His servants in some respects, while God is their Patron through some of the Names. As for the perfect human (al-insān al-kāmil), he is the very identity of the Real because of his manifestation in His form through the unitary comprehensiveness, unlike other things; for although the Real is the very identity (ʿayn) of each one of them, they are not His identity, because they are loci of manifestation (maẓāhir) for some of His names, so the Real does not disclose Himself in them according to His essential form. But when you say "a human being," that is, a human being perfect in humanity, he is the one in whom the Real discloses Himself according to His essential form, so he is His very identity

al-Jandī

﴿فإنّا أعبد حقّ %~% وإنّ الله مولانا … وإنّا عينه فاعلم %~% إذا ما قلت إنسانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني : أنّ المظهر كهو في ذاته بخلاف غير الإنسان من الأعيان ، وإن كان الحق عين الكلّ وعين كلّ عين ، ولكن كون الحق في كل عين بحسبها لا بحسب الحق ، فلا يصحّ فيها أن يقال : إنّ هذا العين عين الحق ، بخلاف الإنسان مع كون الحق عينه يكون هو عين الحق

He means: that the locus of manifestation (maẓhar), [when it is the human being], is identical with Him in His Essence, unlike other entities besides the human being—even though the Real is the very reality of the whole and the very reality of every single entity; yet the Real's being in every entity is according to that entity, not according to the Real [Himself]. So it is not correct to say of such [other] entities that this entity is the very identity of the Real; but as for the human being, together with the Real's being its very identity, the human being is the very identity of the Real.

Ibn Turka

﴿وإنا أعبد حق %~% وإنّ الله مولانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(وإنّا أعبد حقّا) تعريضا بما حكى عن عيسى " إني عبد الله " أي نحن العبيد الحقيقي لله

"(And indeed we worship truly)" is an allusion to what was reported of Jesus, "I am a servant of God," meaning: we are the true servants of God

Jāmī

﴿فإنا أعبد حق %~% وإن الله مولانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( فإنا ) معشر الكاملين ( أعبد ) ، أي عباد مطيعون له ممتثلون أمره لنا بقول : كن

(for we) — the company of the perfect ones — (are worshippers) — that is, obedient servants complying with His command to us through the saying "Be"

Bālī Zāde

﴿فأنا أعبد حق %~% وأن اللّه مولانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وهو بيان للفرق

This is an explanation of the distinction.

Ibn Turka

﴿وإنّ الله مولانا﴾

نحن وعلى الثاني معناه أنّ العبوديّة والالوهيّة الحقيقيّتين بالإنسان وقوله

- we [are His servants]; and on the second reading its meaning is that true servanthood and true divinity belong to man. And his saying:

Jāmī

﴿حقا . . وإن اللّه مولانا﴾

وسيدنا فيجب علينا طاعته فيما أمرنا به

and our Lord, so obedience to Him in what He has commanded us is obligatory upon us

Ibn Turka

﴿وإنّا عينه فاعلم %~% إذا ما قلت إنسانا … وإنّا عينه﴾

أيضا يحتمل الوجهين : فعلى الأوّل ضميره عائد إلى الحقّ . وعلى الثاني عائد إلى « الذي كانا » وهو عبارة عن الإنسان ، أي الإنسان عين الحقّ ، أو المحمّديّون هم العيون في هذا النوع ، إذ لكلّ امّة من الأمم منزلة قوّة منه ، فهم الذين يدركون أنفسهم بهم ، وذلك مخصوص بالعين بين المشاعر ( فاعلم ) ذلك

also admits of both readings: on the first, its pronoun refers to the Real; on the second, it refers to "that which was," which is an expression for man - i.e., man is the very eye/essence of the Real, or the Muhammadans are the "eyes" within this species, since every nation among the nations has a rank that is a faculty of it, and they are the ones who perceive themselves through them, and that is specific to the "eye" among the senses - "(know)" that

Jāmī

﴿وإنا عينه فاعلم %~% إذا ما قلت إنسانا … وإنا عينه فاعلم . . إذا ما قلت﴾

أنت لن ( إنسانا ) ، أي كاملا فإن ما علمنا أنه ليس بإنسان حقيقة وإنما حكم بعينية الإنسان الكامل . لأن كماله لا يتيسر إلا بإفناء جهة خلقيته

— you will not (say "human") — that is, "perfect" — for we know that he is not in reality a human being; rather, judgment is made of the identity (ʿayniyya) of the perfect human, because his perfection is only attainable through the annihilation of his created aspect

Bālī Zāde

﴿وأنا عينه فاعلم %~% إذا ما قلت إنسانا﴾

أي إذا سميت عينك بإنسان أي لا ينافي عينيتنا مع الحق إنسانيتن

i.e., when you name your entity (ʿayn) "a human being," this does not negate our being identical in entity (ʿayniyya) with the Real as our humanity.

Words 69–72 · 1 of 5

إِذَا مَا قُلْتَ إِنْسَانًا

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿إذا ما قلت إنسانا﴾

أي إنّه إنسان عين الحق ، أو الوجود

that is, that he is a human being who is the very eye/essence of the Real, or [the eye/essence of] existence

al-Qāshānī

﴿فلا تحتجب بإنسان %~% فقد أعطاك برهانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي فلا تحتجب بالإنسان عن الحق من حيث أن الإنسان اسم من أسماء الأكوان من حيث شخصه ، فإنه من حيث الحقيقة اسم من أسماء الحق من حيث كونه تعالى عين الأعيان بل هو الاسم الأعظم المحيط بجميع الأسماء . إلا أن الله تعالى إله رب دائما ، وما يطلق عليه اسم السوي مألوه مربوب دائما ، والإنسان برزخ بين مجرى الإلهية والمألوهية ، والربوبية والمربوبية عين البحرين ، فلا تكن محجوبا بمألوهيته عن إلهيته فقد أعطاك برهانا على إلهيته وربوبيته

That is, do not be veiled by the human being from the Real, insofar as "human" is one of the names of created things with respect to his particular person; for in respect of reality it is one of the names of the Real, insofar as He, exalted is He, is the very identity of the entities (aʿyān) - indeed He is the Greatest Name encompassing all the Names. However, God, exalted is He, is eternally a Deity (ilāh) and Lord (rabb), while what is designated by the name "the leveled/equal one" (al-sawiyy) is eternally a deified object (maʾlūh) and a lorded-over object (marbūb). The human being is an intermediary (barzakh) between the flow of divinity (ulūhiyya) and deified-objecthood (maʾlūhiyya), and between lordship (rubūbiyya) and lorded-over-ness (marbūbiyya) - the very identity of the two seas. So do not be veiled by His being deified-object from His being Deity, for He has given you a proof of His divinity and His lordship

al-Jandī

﴿فلا تحجب بإنسان %~% وقد أعطاك برهانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني : أنّ الإنسان وإن كان في العرف اسما من أسماء الأكوان من حيث شخصه ، ولكنّه في الحقيقة هو اسم للحق مع كونه - تعالى - عين الأعيان والوجود والمراتب ، فإنّ الحق من كونه إنسانا هو عين العالم لا من كونه ربّا إلها ، فإنّ الإله إله أبدا لا مألوه ، والربّ ربّ أبدا لا مربوب ، والإنسان - برزخيّة بين بحرى الربوبية والمربوبية - عين البحرين ، فافهم ، فإنّه البرهان الذي أعطاكه الإنسان

He means: that the human being, although in common usage a name among the names of created things in respect of his individual person, is in reality a name for the Real—together with the fact that the Real, exalted be He, is Himself the very identity of the entities, of existence, and of the levels (marātib). For the Real, in His being-human, is the very identity of the world, not in His being a Lord, a Deity; for the Deity is forever Deity, never a deified-one (maʾlūh), and the Lord is forever Lord, never a lorded-over-one (marbūb). But the human being—being an intermediate reality (barzakh) between the two seas of Lordship and being-lorded-over—is the very identity of both seas. So understand, for this is the proof that the human being has given you.

Ibn Turka

﴿فلا تحجب بإنسان %~% فقد أعطاك برهانا … فلا تحجب بإنسان … فقد أعطاك﴾

بالعين ( برهانا ) تطلع به على جميع الحقائق - إلهيّة وكيانيّة - وتحيط منه بالكل إحاطة إنسان العين بالشخص

through the eye/essence (a proof) by which you behold all realities - divine and contingent - and encompass the whole from it as the eye/essence of a man encompasses the person

Jāmī

﴿فلا تحجب بإنسان %~% فقد أعطاك برهانا﴾

( فلا يحجب ) على البناء للمفعول ، أي لا يحجب عن شهود هذه العينية ( بإنسان ) ، أي بالصورة الإنسانية والهيئات البشرية

(so let him not be veiled) — in the passive voice — that is, let him not be veiled from witnessing this identity (ʿayniyya) (by the human) — that is, by the human form and bodily configurations

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلا تحتجب بإنسان %~% فقد أعطاك برهانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( فلا تحتجب ) بصيغة المجهول ( بإنسان ) أي بأن تسمى بالإنسانية عينيتك مع الحق ( فقد أعطاك ) على عينيتك أو عينيتنا مع الحق ( برهانا ) وهو قوله « كنت سمعه وبصره »

("So let not you be veiled") (passive construction) ("by a human") i.e., by your being named with humanity, from your entity's identity (ʿayniyya) with the Real. ("For He has already given you") regarding your entity's identity, or our entity's identity, with the Real ("a proof"), which is His saying: "I was his hearing and his sight."

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8330); moved here

﴿فلا تحجب بإنسان %~% فقد أعطاك برهان … فلا تحجب﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

على صيغة المجهول ( بإنسان ) أي لا تحجب بأن تسمى بالإنسانية عن عينيتك مع الحق

[Text: "So let not be veiled by a human %~% for He has already given you a proof" ... "So let not be veiled" (in the passive construction) ("by a human") i.e., let not your being named with humanity veil you from your entity's identity (ʿayniyya) with the Real.

Words 76–77 · 2 of 5

فَقَدْ أَعْطَاكَ

Jāmī

﴿فقد أعطاك﴾

اللّه سبحانه ( برهانا ) على تلك العينية وهو أن كلمة كن بمنزلة كن منه

— God, exalted is He — (a proof) of that identity, namely that the word "Be" is, in relation to Him, like "Be" itself

Bālī Zāde

﴿فقد أعطاك﴾

على عينيتك أو عينيتنا مع الحق ( برهانا ) وهو قوله كنت سمعه وبصره وغير ذلك

regarding your entity's identity, or our entity's identity, with the Real, ("a proof"), which is His saying: "I was his hearing and his sight," and the like.

al-Qāshānī

﴿فكن حقا وكن خلق %~% تكن باللَّه رحمانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

هذا تمام المدعى : أي كن بنور حبك حقا بحسب الحقيقة ، وكن خلقا بحسب الصورة البشرية ، فتقوم بك من حيث حقيقتك جميع الأسماء الإلهية وتعم بخليقتك جميع الحقائق والأعيان فتعم الحق بحقيقتك الجامعة للذات الإلهية والأسماء كلها . وتعم الخلق من رحمة الله وفيضه الواصل إلى العالم كله من حيث أنك خليفته على العالم ورابطة وجوده . وتقوم بجميع ما يحتاج إليه العالم فوسع الحق والخلق بعين ما وسع الحق بك ذلك فتكون رحمانا لعموم وجودك وسعة رحمتك وجودك . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

This is the completion of the claim: that is, be, by the light of your love, the Real according to reality, and be a creature according to the human form, so that through you, in respect of your reality, all the divine Names subsist, and through your creatureliness all the realities and entities (aʿyān) are encompassed, so that you encompass the Real through your reality which comprehends the divine Essence and all the Names, and you encompass creation with God's mercy and effusion (fayḍ) reaching the entire world, insofar as you are His vicegerent (khalīfa) over the world and the bond of its existence. You subsist with everything the world needs, so the Real and creation are made spacious by the very thing by which the Real made you spacious for that purpose, and thus you become the All-Merciful through the universality of your existence and the breadth of the mercy of your existence. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Jandī

﴿فكن حقا وكن خلق %~% تكن بالله رحمانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يشير رضي الله عنه : إلى تمام المدّعى أنّك بإنسانيتك وبرزخيتك لك أن تكون عين الحق ، فتقوم بك جميع الأشياء الإلهية ، ولك - بما ذكرنا كذلك - أن تكون خلقا فتكون في أعمّ الحقائق والأعيان ، فتعمّ الحق بمظهريتك الكلَّية الجامعة للذات الإلهية والأسماء كلَّها ، وتعمّ الخلق برحمة الله وفيضه الواصل إلى العالم كلَّه ، من كونك خليفته والواسطة ، وتقوم بجميع ما يحتاج العالم إليه وتسعه ، فتسع الحق والخلق بعين ما وسع الحقّ بك ذلك ، فتكون رحمانا ، لعموم وجودك

He, may God be pleased with him, points to the completion of the claim: that by your humanity and your intermediate nature (barzakhiyya), you may be the very identity of the Real, so that all divine things subsist through you; and likewise, by what we have mentioned, you may be a creature, so that you encompass the most universal of realities and entities, thereby making the Real all-encompassing through your universal locus-of-manifestation (maẓhariyya) that gathers together the divine Essence and all the Names together; and you make creation all-encompassing through God's mercy and His effusion (fayḍ) reaching the whole world, by virtue of your being His vicegerent (khalīfa) and the intermediary (wāsiṭa); and you sustain all that the world needs and encompass it, so that you encompass both the Real and creation, by the very fact that the Real has encompassed you with that capacity—thus you become All-Merciful (Raḥmān), owing to the universality of your existence.

Ibn Turka

﴿فكن حقا وكن خلقا %~% تكن بالله رحمانا … فكن حقّا وكن خلقا﴾

بتلك الإحاطة الوجوديّة والشعوريّة

through that existential and perceptual encompassing

Jāmī

﴿فكن حقا وكن خلقا %~% تكن بالله رحمانا … فكن حقا﴾

بإفناء جهة خلقيتك في حقيقته

through the annihilation of your created aspect in His Reality

Bālī Zāde

﴿فكن حقا وكن خلق %~% تكن باللَّه رحمانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(فكن حقا ) بحقيقتك وروحك ( وكن خلقا ) بنشأتك العنصرية ( تكن باللَّه رحمانا ) أي عام الرحمة بإفاضتك الكمالات الإلهية على عباده اه ( وغذ خلقه منه ) أي من الله ( تكن روحا ) أي غذاء روحانيا لخلقه يغتذي بك ويتلذذ بك ( وريحانا ) حتى تشم من نفحات أنسك مع الحق . ( فأعطيناه ما يبدو . به ) أي أعطينا الحق ما يظهر به من صور استعدادن ( فينا ) من الأسماء والصفات كالحياة والعلم والقدرة فيظهر فينا بهذه الصفات بحسب استعدادنا ، وفاعل ما يبدو ضمير عائد إلى الحق ، وبه عائد إلى الموصول ( وأعطانا ) ما ظهرنا به من وجودنا وأحوالنا

("So be Real") by your reality and your spirit, ("and be created") by your elemental constitution (nashʾa), ("you will be, through God, All-Merciful") i.e., all-encompassing in mercy, by your pouring forth the divine perfections upon His servants — so said (the commentator). ("And nourish His creation") i.e., from God ("you will be a spirit") i.e., spiritual nourishment for His creation, who are nourished by you and take delight in you, ("and sweet basil") such that they inhale from the fragrant breaths of your intimacy with the Real. ("So We gave Him that by which" He appears) i.e., We gave the Real that by which He appears, from the forms of our preparedness ("in us") of the names and attributes — such as life, knowledge, power — so He appears in us through these attributes according to our preparedness. The agent of "appears" is a pronoun referring to the Real, and "by which" refers to the relative clause. ("And He gave us") that by which we appeared, of our existence and our states.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8345); moved here

﴿فكن حقا وكن خلق %~% تكن باللَّه رحمانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( فأعطيناه ما يبدو . به ) أي أعطينا الحق ما يظهر به من صور استعدادن ( فينا ) من الأسماء والصفات كالحياة والعلم والقدرة فيظهر فينا بهذه الصفات بحسب استعدادنا ، وفاعل ما يبدو ضمير عائد إلى الحق ، وبه عائد إلى الموصول ( وأعطانا ) ما ظهرنا به من وجودنا وأحوالنا

("So We gave Him that by which He appears") i.e., We gave the Real that by which He appears, from the forms of our preparedness ("in us") of the names and attributes — such as life, knowledge, power — so He appears in us through these attributes according to our preparedness. The agent of "appears" is a pronoun referring to the Real, and "by which" refers to the relative clause. ("And He gave us") that by which we appeared, of our existence and our states.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8349); moved here

﴿فكن حقا وكن خلقا %~% تكن بالله رحمان … فكن حقا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بحقيقتك وروحك

by your reality (ḥaqīqa) and your spirit.

Words 81–82 · 2 of 5

وَكُنْ خَلْقًا

Jāmī

﴿وكن خلقا﴾

بقيامك في مقام العبودية بحسب الصورة ( تكن ) جامعا بين جهتي الحقيقة والخلقية وواسطة بين الحق والخلق . فحينئذ يكون ( باللّه ) ، أي بتجلياته الذاتية والأسمائية ( رحمانا ) ، أي عام الرحمة على العالمين إذ بواسطتك يحصل لهم ما يحصل من الكمالات الدينية والدنيوية

through your standing in the station of servitude according to form — (you will be) uniting the two aspects of Reality and createdness, and an intermediary between the Real and creation. Then he will be (through God) — that is, through His essential and nominal self-disclosures (tajalliyāt) — (All-Merciful) — that is, universal in mercy toward the worlds, since through your mediation they attain whatever religious and worldly perfections they attain

Bālī Zāde

﴿وكن خلقا﴾

بنشأتك العنصرية

by your elemental constitution (nashʾa).

Ibn Turka

﴿تكن بالله﴾

وتأييده ( رحمانا ) أي مبدأ فيضان الرحمة من المعارف المحيية للنفوس الهالكة

and through His support, (All-Merciful), i.e., a source from which the effusion of mercy flows, from the forms of knowledge that give life to perishing souls

Bālī Zāde

﴿تكن باللّه رحمانا﴾

أي عام الرحمة بإفاضتك الكمالات الإلهية على عباده

i.e., all-encompassing in mercy, by your pouring forth the divine perfections upon His servants.

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.