Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶21 in the text

21 · 88 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَامْتَنَّ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِ بِمَا أَوْجَدَهُ فِي نَفْسِهِ فَأَوَّلُ أَثَرٍ كَانَ لِلنَّفَسِ إِنَّمَا كَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ الجَنَابِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَلِ الأَمْرُ يَنزِلُ بِتَنْفِيسِ العُمُومِ إِلَىٰ آخِرِ مَا وُجِدَ فَالْكُلُّ فِي عَيْنِ النَّفَسِ كَالضَّوْءِ فِي ذَاتِ الغَلسِ وَالْعِلْمُ بِالْبُرْهَانِ فِي سَلْخِ النَّهَارِ لِمَنْ نَعَسْ فَيَرَى الَّذِي قَدْ قُلْتُهُ رُؤْيَا تَدُلُّ عَلَى النَّفَسِ فَيُرِيحُهُ مِنْ كُلِّ غَمٍّ فِي تِلَاوَتِهِ عَبَسَ وَلَقَدْ تَجَلَّى لِلَّذِي قَدْ جَاءَ فِي طَلَبِ القَبَسِ فَرَآهُ نَارًا وَهُوَ نُورٌ فِي المُلُوكِ وَفِي العَسَسِ فَإِذَا فَهِمْتَ مَقَالَتِي تَعْلَمُ بِأَنَّكَ مُبْتَئِسٌ لَوْ كَانَ يَطْلُبُ غَيْرَ ذَا لَرَآهُ فِيهِ وَمَا نَكَسَ

So He conferred a favor upon Himself through what He brought into existence within Himself (fī nafsihi, as the edition vowels it; Jāmī and Bālī Zāde read nafasihi, "in His Breath", with the translators). Thus the first effect that belonged to the Breath was only in that [divine] side; then the affair did not cease descending through the relieving of all-inclusive generality until the last thing that came into existence. So the whole is within the very entity of the Breath, like light in the very essence of the predawn darkness. And knowledge through demonstration, in the stripping of the day [cf. Q 36:37], is for one who dozes, so that he sees what I have said as a dream-vision that points to the Breath; and it relieves him of every grief in his recitation of 'He frowned' [Q 80:1]. And indeed He disclosed Himself to the one who came seeking a firebrand [cf. Q 20:10; 28:29], and he saw Him as fire, while He is light among the kings and among the night-watchmen. So if you understand my words, you will know that you are in distress. Had he been seeking other than this, he would have seen Him in it, and he would not have turned back.

On the whole passage · 1 of 5

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿لو كان يطلب غير ذا %~% لرآه فيه وما نكس وأما هذه الكلمة العيسوية لما قام لها الحق في مقام «حتى نعلم» ويعلم، استفهما عما نسب إليها هل هو حق أم لا مع علمه الأول بهل وقع ذلك الأمر أم لا فقال له «أ أنت قلت للناس اتخذوني وأمي إلهين من دون الله». فلا بد في الأدب من الجواب للمستفهم لأنه لما تجلى له في هذا المقام وهذه الصورة اقتضت الحكمة الجواب في التفرقة بعين الجمع،﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ليكون أوقع في نفسه ولهذا

so that it would make a greater impression on his soul. Hence

Ibn Turka

﴿فامتنّ على نفسه بما أوجده في نفسه ، فأوّل أثر كان للنفس إنّما كان في ذلك الجناب﴾

بظهور آثار الأسماء الإلهيّة بأعيانها الثابتة

through the manifestation of the effects/traces of the divine names with their fixed entities (aʿyān thābita).

Jāmī

﴿على نفسه﴾

فسكون الفاء حين أزال كربه وكرب أسمائه ( بما أوجد في نفسه ) بفتح الفاء من صور أعيان الموجودات التي هي مظاهر الأسماء وآثاره

— (with the fāʾ vocalized with sukūn), when He removed His own distress and the distress of His Names —(through what He brought into existence within Himself) — (with the fāʾ vocalized with fatḥa) — namely the forms of the entities of existent things, which are the loci of manifestation of the Names and their effects

Bālī Zāde

﴿فامتنّ على نفسه﴾

بقوله الحمد للَّه

by His saying "Praise be to God"

al-Jandī

﴿بما أوجده في نفسه ، فأوّل أثر كان للنفس إنّما كان في ذلك الجناب ، ثم لم يزل الأمر ينزل بتنفيس الهموم إلى آخر ما وجد﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد : هذه المباحث ذكرت مرارا ، فلا حاجة إلى الإعادة . قال رضي الله عنه

- the servant [the commentator] says: these discussions have been mentioned repeatedly, so there is no need to repeat them. He, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿بما أوجده﴾

أي بالذي أوجده من صور الأعيان

that is, by what He brought into existence of the forms of the entities

Words 6–7 · 1 of 5

فِي نَفْسِهِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿في نفسه﴾

بفتح الفاء متعلق بأوجد

[fathah on the fāʾ] connected to "brought into existence"

Jāmī

﴿فأول أثر كان للنفس الرحماني﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وهو التنفيس عن الكروب

was the relieving of distresses

Bālī Zāde

﴿فأول أثر كان﴾

أي حصل ( للنفس ) أي من النفس الرحماني

that is, that occurred (for the Breath), that is, from the Merciful Breath

Jāmī

﴿إنما كان في ذلك الجناب﴾

أي في الجناب الإلهي

i.e., in the Divine Presence

Bālī Zāde

﴿إنما كان في ذلك الجناب الإلهي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي عن الحضرة الاسم اللّه الجامع

that is, from the Presence of the all-comprehensive Name "God"

Ibn Turka

﴿ثمّ لم يزل الأمر يتنزّل بتنفيس الغموم إلى آخر ما وجد﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وهو الإنسان بمراتبه من مدارج الإيقان ثم أخذ في تفصيله نظما بقوله

- namely the human being, with his ranks according to the stages of certainty (madārij al-īqān). Then he proceeded to elaborate this in verse, saying:

Jāmī

﴿ثم لم يزل الأمر ينزل بتنفيس العموم إلى آخر ما وجد﴾

وهو الإنسان مما يحصل به من التنفيس أكثر مما يحصل بغيره ولكن لا يتناهى ذلك التنفيس . والتنفيس أبد الآباد لعدم انتهاء تجلياته سبحانه دنيا وآخرة . ( فالكل ) ، أي الحقائق كله

which is the human being, through whom more relief is obtained than through anything else, yet that relieving does not come to an end. And the relieving [continues] forever and ever, since His self-disclosures, glory be to Him, in this world and the next, have no end. (So the totality), i.e., the totality of the realities (ḥaqāʾiq)

Bālī Zāde

﴿ثم لم يزل الأمر يتنزل بتنفيس الغموم إلى آخر ما وجد … فالكل في عين النفس %~% كالضوء في ذات الغلس﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( فالكل ) أي ظهور العالم كله

(the whole), that is, the manifestation of the entire world

al-Qāshānī

﴿فالكل في عين النفس %~% كالضوء في ذات الغلس﴾

الغلس : ظلمة آخر الليل : أي صور الأسماء الإلهية والأكوان والآثار والأعيان الظاهرة في عماد النفس كالضوء الفاشي في ظلمة آخر الليل ، فإن الضوء يظهر دون الغلس فكذلك يظهر الأسماء وآثارها أي صورها دون النفس ، فإن النفس ما هو إلا هو ظهور هذه الأشياء

Al-ghalas is the darkness of the last part of the night: that is, the forms of the divine Names, the created things, the effects, and the manifest entities within the substrate (ʿimād) of the Breath are like the pervading light within the darkness of the last part of the night. For the light becomes manifest without [being identical to] the darkness; likewise the Names and their effects - that is, their forms - become manifest without [being identical to] the Breath, for the Breath is nothing but the manifestation of these things.

al-Jandī

﴿فالكلّ في عين النفس %~% كالضوء في ذات الغلس﴾

يشير - رضي الله عنه - إلى أنّ صور الأسماء الإلهية والحقائق الوجوبية وصور الممكنات والحقائق الكونية المربوبية في عين النفس كالضوء في المادّة المشتعلة بالنور ، فالربّ بصور جميع الحقائق الربانية الحقّية في عماء الربّ في أعلى النفس والخلق ، وكذلك تصوّر جميع الحقائق الخلقية منها في عماء الكون من هذا النفس ، فتذكَّر

- he, may God be pleased with him, indicates that the forms of the divine Names and the necessary realities, and the forms of the possibilities and the cosmic, lorded-over realities, are within the very Breath, like light within the kindled, luminous matter. So the Lord, with the forms of all the real divine realities, is within the Cloud (ʿamāʾ) of the Lord, at the highest level of the Breath and of creation; and likewise all the created realities are conceived within the Cloud of cosmic existence from this Breath. So recall this.

Ibn Turka

﴿الكلّ في عين النفس %~% كالضوء في ذات الغلس﴾

أي ظهور حروف الحقائق الكيانيّة في عين النفس الرحماني كظهور الضوء في مطلع تباشير إصباح الإظهار عند انغمار أشعّة الأضواء المظهرة للأكوان العدميّة المتكثّرة في ظلمة الوحدة الإطلاقيّة الذاتيّة ، فإن « الغلس » هو ظلمة آخر الليل ، وهذا أوّل نهار الإظهار . كما أنّ العلم بالبرهان في آخر نهاره ، وذلك لأنّه إنّما يتحقّق في اللطيفة الإنسانيّة التي هي آخر أجزاء ذلك النهار ، ونهاية مراتب ظهوره عند إعراضها عن هذه التماثيل الموهمة ومشاعرها المشوّشة ، ذاهلا عن الموادّ الهيولانيّة ، ناعسا عن قواها فإنّ النفس الإنسانيّة حينئذ لا بدّ وأن ترى عند توجّهها إلى مبدئها الفيّاض بالذّات رؤيا تدلّ على ذلك النفس الجامع للكلّ ، وهي المرتبة المسمّاة عندهم بالعقل المستفاد . وإليه أشار بقوله

That is, the appearance of the letters of the existential realities (al-ḥaqāʾiq al-kiyāniyya) within the eye of the Breath of the Compassionate is like the appearance of light at the rising of the first glimmers of the dawn of manifestation, when the rays of the lights that manifest the multiplied non-existent cosmoses (al-akwān al-ʿadamiyya) are submerged in the darkness of absolute essential oneness. For 'ghalas' is the darkness at the end of night, and this is the first daylight of manifestation - just as knowledge by demonstrative proof (al-ʿilm bi'l-burhān) occurs at the end of its day, since it is realized only in the human subtlety (al-laṭīfa al-insāniyya), which is the last portion of that day and the furthest limit of the ranks of its manifestation, when it turns away from these illusory forms and its confused faculties, oblivious to the hylic materials (al-mawādd al-hayūlāniyya), drowsy with respect to its [bodily] powers. For the human soul, at that point, must inevitably see - upon its turning toward its principle, the Effuser-by-Essence - a vision indicating that all-comprehensive Breath; and this is the rank which they call 'the acquired intellect' (al-ʿaql al-mustafād). To this he alluded, saying:

Jāmī

﴿في عين النّفس … كالضوء في ذات الغلس﴾

وهو ظلمة آخر الليل والمقصود تشبيه المجموع المركب من الحقائق والنفس بالمجموع الممتزج من الضوء والغلس ووجه الشبه هو أن الضوء بدون الغلس نور صرف لا يمكن إدراكه . وكذلك الظلمة المحضة لا تدرك والممتزج منها وهو الضياء يتعلق به الإدراك ، وكذلك النفس من غير تقيده بالحقائق لا تدرك لصرافة نوريته والحقائق من غير تلبسها بالنفس لا تدرك والعلم بالبرهان في %~% سلخ النهار لمن نعس فيرى الذي قد قلته %~% رؤيا تدل على النفس فيريحه من كل غم %~% في تلاوته «عبس» ولقد تجلى للذي %~% قد جاء في طلب القبس فرآه نارا وهو نور %~% في الملوك و في العسس فإذا فهمت مقالتي %~% تعلم بأنك مبتئس ) لكونها من هذه الحيثية ظلمة محضة ، والمجموع المركب منهما يتعلق به الإدراك ، فظهر من هذا التقرير أنه ليس المراد من هذا الكلام تشبيه الحقائق بالضوء والنفس بالغلس ليرد أن تشبيه الحقائق بالغلس وتشبيه النفس بالضوء أظهر وإن أمكن أن يتكلف للأول أيضا وجه

which is the darkness at the end of night, and the intent is to liken the composite whole made up of the realities and the Breath to the blended composite of light and darkness. The point of resemblance is that light without darkness is pure luminosity that cannot be perceived; likewise pure darkness alone cannot be perceived; but the blend of the two, namely twilight-glow, is subject to perception. Similarly, the Breath without its being conditioned by the realities cannot be perceived due to the sheer purity of its luminosity, and the realities without their being clothed by the Breath cannot be perceived either, and knowledge through demonstrative proof in [the verses: at the stripping away of day, for one who dozes and sees what I have said, a vision pointing to the Breath, which relieves him of every grief, in his recitation of "He frowned" (ʿabasa); and indeed He disclosed Himself to him who came seeking the firebrand, and he saw Him as fire, though He is light, among the kings and among the watchmen; so if you understand my saying, you will know that you are destitute]) since from this standpoint it is pure darkness, while the composite made up of both is subject to perception. From this exposition it becomes clear that the intent of this discourse is not to liken the realities to light and the Breath to darkness—so that it might be objected that likening the realities to darkness and the Breath to light would be more apparent—even though a forced interpretation for the former is also possible

Bālī Zāde

﴿في عين النفس﴾

الرحماني ( كالضوء ) أي كظهور الضوء بدون الشمس

of the All-Merciful (like light), that is, like the appearance of light without the sun

Words 33–35 · 1 of 5

فِي ذَاتِ الغَلسِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿في ذات الغلس﴾

أي في آخر ظلمة الليل فكما أن الليل والنهار لا يظهر أحدهما بدون الآخر كذلك لا يظهر كل واحد من النفس الرحماني والعالم بدون أحدهما

that is, at the very end of the night's darkness. For just as night and day do not appear, either of them, without the other, likewise neither the Merciful Breath nor the world appears without the other

al-Qāshānī

﴿والعلم بالبرهان في %~% سلخ النهار لمن نعس … فيرى الذي قد قلته %~% رؤيا تدل على النفس﴾

يعنى أن العلم بالنفس وما ذكر من لوازمه لا ينال إلا بالكشف ، وأما العلم به من طريق البرهان بتركيب المقدمات واستنتاج النتائج فهو من نعس في وقت سلخ ضوء نهار الكشف عن ظلمة ليل الغفلة ، فيرى رؤيا يعبرها ما قبله من النفس ، ولوازمه عند أهل الكشف يشبه العلم الفكري من وراء حجاب بالرؤيا التي تدل على التعبير على المعنى المكشوف بالتجلي : ( فيريحه عن كل كرب %~% في تلاوته عبس ) أي فيريحه العلم الحاصل بالبرهان عن كل كرب وضيق وعبوس يجده في حال حجابه وتفكره فيه أرواحه ، يظهر بها على وجهه سر قوله – " وُجُوه يَوْمَئِذٍ مُسْفِرَةٌ - ضاحِكَةٌ مُسْتَبْشِرَةٌ " - بعد عبوسه في تلاوته – " عَبَسَ وتَوَلَّى " - عند احتجابه

He means that knowledge of the Breath and what has been mentioned of its concomitants is not attained except by unveiling (kashf); as for knowledge of it by the path of demonstrative proof, through the composition of premises and the derivation of conclusions, it belongs to one who has dozed off at the time when the light of the day of unveiling is being stripped away from the darkness of the night of heedlessness. So he sees a vision which is interpreted by what preceded it from the Breath; and its concomitants, for the people of unveiling, resemble discursive knowledge from behind a veil, like the vision which indicates, through interpretation, the meaning unveiled by the self-disclosure (tajallī). (So it relieves him of every distress in his recitation [that otherwise brings] a frown) - that is, the knowledge attained by demonstrative proof relieves him of every distress and constriction and frowning that he finds in the state of his veiling and his reflecting thereon, [relief] which his spirits find, manifesting on his face the secret of His saying - "Faces that Day will be radiant, laughing, joyous" - after his frowning in his recitation - "He frowned and turned away" - at the time of his being veiled.

al-Jandī

﴿والعلم بالبرهان في %~% سلخ النهار لمن نعس … فيرى الذي قد قلته %~% رؤيا تدلّ على النفس﴾

يشير إلى أنّ العلم بالنفس وما ذكرت من لوازمه لا ينال إلَّا بالكشف . وأمّا البرهان الفكري - بتركيب المقدّمات واستنتاج النتائج منها والاستدلال بذلك على المطالب - فليس إلَّا لمن سلخ نهار الكشف عن يوم عمره ، فهو في ليل الحجاب والغفلة نائم عن التجلَّي الوجودي والنهار الكشفي الشهودي والفيض الدائم النوري الجودي ، تهبّ عليه مع الأنفاس فوائح روائح الأنفاس ، وهو لا يهبّ من النعاس ، يعتبر في تعبير رؤياه في المنام ، حقائق ما قلت ممّا يدلّ على النفس عند الكاشف العلَّام ، أنّها أضغاث أحلام . (فيريحه عن كلّ %~% كرب في تلاوته عبس) يشير إلى أنّ الذي تذكَّره ويذكره إن هو تفكَّر فيه فتدبّره يريحه عن كلّ كرب وضيق يجده في ظلمة حجابه بما أكشف له وأشهده وألقّنه على وجهه سرّ " وُجُوه ٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ ( مُسْفِرَةٌ ضاحِكَةٌ ) مُسْتَبْشِرَةٌ " بعد عبوسه في تلاوة " عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّى " حال جهله بمن هو دائما كان عليه يتجلَّى

- he indicates that knowledge of the Breath and what I have mentioned of its necessary concomitants is not attained except through unveiling (kashf). As for discursive/rational demonstration - by composing premises and deriving conclusions from them, and inferring thereby what is sought - it belongs only to one who has stripped the day of unveiling from the day of his life, for he is, in the night of veiling and heedlessness, asleep to the existential self-disclosure, to the day of unveiling and witnessing, and to the perpetual luminous effusion of generosity. The fragrant breaths of the breaths blow upon him, yet he does not rouse from his slumber; he interprets, in the interpretation of his dream-vision, the realities of what I have said - which indicate the Breath to the all-knowing Unveiler - as confused dreams. (So it relieves him from every anguish, at the recitation of which he frowned) - he indicates that what he recalls, and is reminded of, if he reflects upon it and ponders it, relieves him from every anguish and constriction he finds in the darkness of his veil, through what is unveiled to him, witnessed by him, and instilled upon his face - the secret of 'Faces that Day will be [radiant, laughing] joyous' - after his frowning at the recitation of 'He frowned and turned away,' in the state of his ignorance of Him who has always, continuously, been disclosing Himself to him

Ibn Turka

﴿والعلم بالبرهان في %~% سلخ النهار لمن نعس … فيرى الذي قد قلته %~% رؤيا تدلّ على النفس﴾

فعلم أنّ البرهان من امّهات صور النفس الرحماني ، فإنّه عليه يترتّب الإيقان المنفّس له عن هموم الظنون والشكوك والجهالات المضلَّة كما قال

For it is thereby known that demonstrative proof is among the mother-forms of the Breath of the Compassionate, since upon it is built the certainty (al-īqān) that relieves one of the distresses of conjectures, doubts, and misleading ignorances, as he said:

Jāmī

﴿والعلم بالبرهان﴾

الكشفي بأن يكون المعلوم هو البرهان ويحتمل أن يكون معناه والعلم بما ادعيناه من أن الكل في عين النفس ، التنبيه حاصل بسبب البرهان الكشفي عليه

of the unveiling (kashf) kind, such that the known object is itself the proof; and it is possible that its meaning is: and the knowledge of what we have claimed—namely that the totality is within the very essence of the Breath—the alerting occurs by means of the demonstrative proof of unveiling upon it

Bālī Zāde

﴿والعلم بالبرهان في %~% سلخ النهار لمن نعس﴾

( والعلم ) أي العلم الحاصل

(and the knowledge), that is, the knowledge attained

﴿بالبرهان في سلخ النهار … لمن نعس﴾

أي لمن نام ولم يتحصل علم ما قلته بالكشف العياني قبل سلخ النهار فقوله لمن يتعلق بالعلم وفي سلخ النهار كذلك

that is, to one who slept and did not attain through direct visionary disclosure (kashf ʿiyānī) before the close of day the knowledge of what I have said; so his saying "belongs to one who" relates to "the knowledge," and likewise "at the close of day"

Words 38–40 · 1 of 5

فِي سَلْخِ النَّهَارِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿في . . سلخ النهار﴾

أي في آخر نهار الظهور وهو مرتبة الإنسان لما ورد في الحديث : من أن آدم خلق في آخر ساعة من يوم الجمعة . ولكن العلم بذلك البرهان ليس حاصلا لكل إنسان بل

i.e., at the end of the day of manifestation, which is the rank of the human being, as reported in the ḥadīth that Adam was created in the last hour of Friday. But knowledge of that proof is not attained by every human being, but rather

Words 41–42 · 1 of 5

لِمَنْ نَعَسْ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿لمن نعس﴾

أي عطل حواسه الجزئية عن التوجه بمتعلقاتها المتعددة المتكثرة المانعة عن مشاهدة الوحدة وصار أحدي الهم والهمة في التوجه إلى الحق المطلق

i.e., one who disengages his partial senses from being directed toward their multiple, dispersed objects that prevent the witnessing of unity, and whose concern and aspiration become single-pointed in turning toward the Absolute Real

Jāmī

﴿فترى الذي قد قلته﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وهو من نعس فاسم الموصول فاعل يرى ومفعوله

which is [a description of] the one who dozes, the relative pronoun being the subject of "sees" and its object

Bālī Zāde

﴿فيرى الذي قد قلته %~% رؤيا تدل على النفس﴾

( فيرى ) الناعس ( الذي ) مفعول يرى

(so he sees) - the dozing one - (what) is the object of "sees"

Words 45–46 · 1 of 5

قَدْ قُلْتُهُ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿قد قلته﴾

من تحقيق أنفس الرحماني والعالم ( رؤيا ) مفعول ثان ليرى

of the verification of the Merciful Breath and the world (a vision) is the second object of "sees"

Jāmī

﴿رؤيا تدل على النفس﴾

أي يرى الناعس عن المحسوسات رؤيا تدله على النفس عن كرب الاحتجاب بها وهذه الرؤيا إنما هي مشاهدة سريان نفس الرحمن في الحقائق كلها وإنما سماها رؤيا لأنها مرتبة في حال النعاس وإن لم يحتج إلى التعبير أو لإمكان أن تكون تلك المشاهدة في صورة مثالية تحتاج إلى التعبير . ( فيريحه ) ، أي يريح العلم بالبرهان الناعس

i.e., the dozing one sees, apart from sensory things, a vision that points him to the Breath, [relieving him] of the distress of being veiled by them; and this vision is none other than witnessing the flowing of the Breath of the All-Merciful through all the realities, and it is called a "vision" because it occurs in a state of dozing, even though it needs no interpretation—or because that witnessing may occur in an imaginal form requiring interpretation. (It relieves him), i.e., the knowledge through demonstrative proof relieves the dozing one

Bālī Zāde

﴿تدل على النفس … فيريحه من كل غم %~% في تلاوته «عبس»﴾

( فيريحه ) أي يريح هذا العلم الناعس

(so it relieves him), that is, this knowledge relieves the dozing one

Ibn Turka

﴿فيريحه من كل غمّ %~% في تلاوته عبس﴾

وذلك لأنّ من توجّه تلقاء حضرة الجواد لا يمكن أن يخيب منه الآمال ، ومن استوهب المواهب من الوهّاب بالذات لا بدّ وأن يرجع مقضيّ الحوائج على كلّ حال أما رأيت موسى عليه السّلام لما جدّ في طلب القبس قد ظهر له في صورة مطلوبه الناري معاينا له ، مع أنّه نور لملوك نهار الكشف وعسس ليالي البرهان وغياهب الحجاب كما أشار إليه بقوله

This is because whoever turns toward the Presence of the All-Generous cannot be disappointed in his hopes by Him; and whoever seeks gifts from the Bestower-by-Essence (al-Wahhāb bi'l-dhāt) must inevitably return with his needs fulfilled in every case. Have you not seen that Moses, peace be upon him, when he strove in seeking the firebrand (al-qabas), it appeared to him in the very form of his fiery object, witnessed by him directly - even though it is the light for the kings of the daytime of unveiling, and the night-watchman of the nights of demonstrative proof, and the deep darknesses of the veil - as he alluded in saying:

Jāmī

﴿من كل غم﴾

كائن ( في ) وقت ( تلاوته ) سورة ( عبس ) والمراد بتلاوته إياها تحققه بالعبوس المفهوم منها ، ثم استشهد على ما ذكر بقصة موسى عليه السلام

occurring (at) the time (of his recitation) of the sura ("He Frowned"), and what is meant by his reciting it is his realization of the frowning understood from it; then he cited as evidence for what was mentioned the story of Moses, peace be upon him

Bālī Zāde

﴿من كل غم﴾

أي من كل جهل حاصل

that is, of every existing ignorance

Words 55–56 · 1 of 5

فِي تِلَاوَتِهِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿في تلاوته﴾

أي في فكره ( عبس ) أي كأنه تلا بلسان الحال "عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّى" حيث كانت نفسه في ضيق الجهل وعبوس الفكر . لكن هذا العلم لا يجديه نفعا لأنه تعبير واستدلال بنظر العقل فلا يستلزم علم حقيقته ما يراه فهذه الأبيات في حق من طلب العلم بنظر عقلي لا من طلب بالكشف والبرهان وأما الذي طلب بطريق التجلي والكشف فحصل مطلوبه . فهو الذي قال في حقه

i.e., in his thought (he frowned/ʿabasa) as if he recited with the tongue of his state "He frowned and turned away" (ʿabasa wa tawallā), since his soul was in the straitness of ignorance and the frowning of thought. But this knowledge does not benefit him, for it is [mere] inference and reasoning by rational speculation, which does not entail knowledge of the reality of what he perceives. These verses concern one who sought knowledge by rational speculation, not one who sought it through unveiling (kashf) and proof. As for the one who sought by the way of self-disclosure (tajallī) and unveiling, he attained his aim. He is the one concerning whom [the Shaykh] said:

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولقد تجلى للذي %~% قد جاء في طلب القبس﴾

يعنى أن العلم البرهاني قد يفيد سرور الوجدان من وراء حجاب ، وأما طالب الكشف فقد يتجلى له جلية الحق دائما ، كمن جاء في طلب القبس مجدا في طلبه فتجلى له حقيقة هذا السر الخفي عيانا يعنى موسى بن عمران

He means that demonstrative knowledge may yield the joy of finding (wijdān) from behind a veil, but as for the seeker of unveiling, the very self-evidence of the Real may disclose itself to him continuously - like one who came seeking a firebrand, striving in his quest, to whom the reality of this hidden secret was then disclosed directly - meaning Moses son of ʿImrān.

al-Jandī

﴿ولقد تجلَّى للذي %~% قد جاء في طلب القبس﴾

يعني : طالما انجلى هذا السرّ الخفيّ لمن طلب الحق الجليّ ، كما ظهر لموسى بن عمران لمّا كان مجدّا في طلب الجذوة ، فرآه رأي العيان

- meaning: how often this hidden secret has become manifest to one who seeks the manifest Real, just as it appeared to Moses son of ʿImrān when he was striving earnestly in seeking the glowing ember, and he saw it with direct vision

Ibn Turka

﴿ولقد تجلَّى للذي %~% قد جاء في طلب القبس … فرآه نارا - وهو نور %~% في الملوك وفي العسس﴾

وإذا فهمت هذه المقالة علمت أنّ الطالب لا بدّ له من إظهار الاحتياج والافتقار ، متشمّرا أذيال التوجّه في مواقف الاستكانة والاضطرار ، فإنّه عليه السّلام لما استجمع فيه شروط الطلب ، لو كان يطلب غير النار لرآه فيه ، وما خاب من سعيه وطلبه كما قال : ( وإذا فهمت مقالتي %~% تفهم بأنك مبتئس ) أي فقير

If you understand this statement, you will know that the seeker must inevitably manifest need and poverty, girding up the skirts of turning [toward God] in the stations of submission and necessity. For when he, peace be upon him, had gathered together in himself the conditions of seeking, had he sought something other than fire, he would have seen it therein; and his striving and seeking were not disappointed, as he said: ('And if you understand my statement / you will understand that you are destitute') - that is, poor/needy.

Jāmī

﴿ولقد تجلى … للذي قد جاء في طلب القبس﴾

التجلي الصوري المثالي ( فرآه نارا في صورة ) مطلق به حال كونه مستعجمعا شرائط التجلي من التوجه التام إلى الحق سبحانه والانقطاع عما سواه ( وهو ) في الحقيقة ( نور ) سار

the imaginal, formal self-disclosure (he saw Him as fire in a form) absolute in it, given that he had gathered together the conditions of self-disclosure—namely complete orientation toward the Real, glory be to Him, and total disengagement from everything other than Him—(while He is) in reality (light) flowing

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولقد تجلى للذي %~% قد جاء في طلب القبس﴾

شبه السالكين بحال موسى عليه السلام في حصول مطلوبهم فكما تجلى اللّه لموسى عليه السلام في طلب القبس من النار ، كذلك تجلى اللّه للسالكين الذين جاءوا في طلب القبس من النور فنفع علمهم لحصوله في وقته

He likened the travelers (sālikīn) in attaining their aim to the state of Moses, peace be upon him: just as God disclosed Himself to Moses, peace be upon him, when he sought the firebrand from the fire, so too God disclosed Himself to the travelers who came seeking the firebrand from the Light; thus their knowledge benefited them, since it occurred at its [proper] time

al-Qāshānī

﴿فرآه نارا وهو نور %~% في الملوك وفي العسس﴾

أي تجلى له نور وجهه في مثل النار على شجرة نفسه ، وكان نور الأنوار نور الحق المتجلى في إكمال الواصلين السابقين الذين هم ملوك أهل الجنة . والعمال في الأعمال الحجابية من السعداء والأبرار ، فإن ظهور نوره وتجليه في الشريف الرفيع العلوي . كظهوره في الدنىء الوضيع السفلى ، والتفاوت في المراتب بالكمال والنقصان إنما يكون بحسب القوابل وإلا فهو في الأوائل والأواخر والحقيقة واحدة

That is, the light of His Face was disclosed to him in the likeness of fire upon the tree of his own self, and it was the Light of Lights, the Light of the Real disclosing itself in the perfected ones among the foremost attainers (wāṣilīn), who are the kings of the people of Paradise - and [also disclosed to] the laborers in the veiled works, from among the felicitous and the righteous. For the manifestation of His Light and His self-disclosure in the noble, exalted, celestial is like its manifestation in the base, lowly, terrestrial; and the disparity in ranks, in perfection and deficiency, occurs only according to the recipients (qawābil) - otherwise, in the first and the last, the Reality is one.

al-Jandī

﴿فرآه نارا وهو نور %~% في الملوك وفي العسس﴾

يعني : تجلَّى له نور وجهه في مثال النار على صورة الشجرة ، فظنّه نارا وكان نورا هو نور الأنوار ، فلم يعبّر رؤياه ولم يعبر عن صورة مطلبه الطبيعي إلى حقيقة ما رآه ، فلو عبّر ، وعبر ، واعتبر الحقيقة ، واستبصر ، لعلم أنّه النور الحق المتجلَّي في الملوك والشرفاء العلويّين والعمّال في أدنى الأعمال الليلية الحجابية السفليّين ، فإنّ ظهوره بحسب القوابل ، وإلَّا فهو هو في الأواخر والأوائل

- meaning: the light of His Face disclosed itself to him in the likeness of fire, in the form of a tree, so he supposed it fire, while it was [in truth] light - the Light of lights. He did not interpret his vision, nor did he cross over from the form of his natural quest to the reality of what he saw. Had he interpreted, and crossed over, and considered the reality, and gained insight, he would have known that it is the True Light, self-disclosing within kings and the lofty nobles, and within the laborers in the lowliest, nocturnal, veiled works, the lowly ones - for its manifestation is according to the receptacles (qawābil), otherwise it is He, Himself, in both the latter and the former

Bālī Zāde

﴿فرآه نارا وهو نور %~% في الملوك و في العسس﴾

( فرآه ) أي رأى موسى عليه السلام الحق ( نارا ) وهي صورة مطلوبة

(he saw it) i.e., Moses, peace be upon him, saw the Real (as fire), which is the form sought

Words 68–71 · 1 of 5

وَهُوَ نُورٌ فِي المُلُوكِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وهو نور في الملوك﴾

وهم الذين خلصوا عن ظلمة الطبيعة وملكوا نور الحق فلا دليل عندهم والعالم كله نهار عندهم

They are those who have become purified of the darkness of nature and taken possession of the light of the Real; for them there is no [need for] evidence/indication, and for them the whole world is [bright] daylight

Words 70–71 · 1 of 5

فِي المُلُوكِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿في الملوك﴾

أي الكمل الذين هم سلاطين نهار الكشف ( في العسر ) ، أي السالكين السائرين في أمالي ظلمة الاحتجاب

i.e., the perfect ones (al-kummal) who are the sovereigns of the day of unveiling (in the watchmen), i.e., the wayfarers journeying amid the shadows of veiling

Words 72–73 · 1 of 5

وَفِي العَسَسِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وفي العسس﴾

وهم السالكون الذين لم يصلوا درجة التحقيق ولم يخلصوا عن ظلمة طبيعتهم وهم يتصرفون في ظلمة طبيعتهم بالنور الإلهي كما يتصرف العسس في ظلمة الليالي بالنار فكما أن العسس تابع في التصرف بالملوك كذلك السالكون المتوسطون تابعون في تصرف طبيعتهم الظلمانية بالكمل والمرشدين هم ملوك الطريقة وسلاطين الحقيقة

They are the travelers (sālikīn) who have not reached the degree of realization (taḥqīq) and have not become purified of the darkness of their nature; they act within the darkness of their nature by means of the divine light, just as the night-watchman acts within the darkness of the nights by means of fire. Just as the night-watchman is subordinate in action to the kings, so too the intermediate travelers are subordinate, in the activity of their dark nature, to the perfected ones (al-kummal) and the guides (al-murshidīn), who are the kings of the Path and the sultans of the Reality

al-Qāshānī

﴿فإذا فهمت مقالتي %~% فاعلم بأنك مبتئس﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وفي بعض النسخ : يعلم بحمل إذا على إن كان فإن فهمت ، وفي نسخة : عرفت ، أي إن فهمت ما قلت لك فاعلم بأنك في وقوفك خلف الحجاب أو طالب أمر سواه فقير مفلس

In some manuscripts: "yaʿlamu" (he knows), construing "idhā" as "in" (if) - that is, if you understand; and in another manuscript: "ʿarafta" (you recognized) - that is, if you understand what I have said to you, then know that, in your standing behind the veil, or in seeking something other than Him, you are an impoverished bankrupt.

al-Jandī

﴿فإذا عرفت مقالتي %~% تعلم بأنّك مبتئس﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إذا فهمت ما قلت ، فهمت فيما نلت ممّا أعطيتك ، ونلت أنّك في طلب أمر سواه فقير مبتئس ، ومغبون ، سحر ، مفلس " كَسَرابٍ بِقِيعَةٍ يَحْسَبُه ُ الظَّمْآنُ ماءً حَتَّى إِذا جاءَه ُ لَمْ يَجِدْه ُ شَيْئاً وَوَجَدَ الله عِنْدَه ُ " حاضرا لم يزل ، وبدا له من الله ما لم يحتسب ولم يتخيّل

- if you have understood what I have said, you have understood, regarding what you have attained of what I have given you, that you - in seeking anything other than Him - are poor, distressed, cheated, deceived, bankrupt: 'Like a mirage in a lowland which the thirsty one supposes to be water, until when he comes to it he finds it is nothing, but finds God there' - ever-present, and there appears to him from God what he did not reckon nor imagine

Jāmī

﴿فإذا فهمت﴾

مضمون ( مقالتي ) هذه وهو أن التجلي في صورة ما يطلبه العبد المتجلى له إنما يقع إذا كان مستجمعا لشرائط التجلي ( تعلم ) أنك في حال الحجاب

the content (of my saying) this—namely that self-disclosure in the particular form sought by the servant to whom the disclosure is made occurs only when he has gathered together the conditions of self-disclosure—(you will know) that while in the state of veiling

Bālī Zāde

﴿فإذا فهمت مقالتي %~% تعلم بأنك مبتئس﴾

أي فقير ليس لك شيء من العلم بالحقائق فدعوتك غني بالعلم كدعوة الفقير غني بالمال وهذا دعوة من الشيخ رضي اللّه عنه في تحصيل العلم من طريق العقل إلى طريق الكشف

i.e., poor, possessing nothing of knowledge of the realities; so my calling you rich in knowledge is like calling a poor man rich in wealth. This is a summons from the Shaykh, God be pleased with him, to attain knowledge [by moving] from the path of reason to the path of unveiling

Words 78–79 · 1 of 5

بِأَنَّكَ مُبْتَئِسٌ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿بأنك مبتئس﴾

فقير فاقد للتجلي لفقدان شرائطه ، وإنما تجلى الحق سبحانه لطلب القبس في صورة لأنه كان أحدي الهم والهمة في طلبها ، فوقع التجلي في صورته قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

poor, lacking the self-disclosure due to the absence of its conditions. The Real, glory be to Him, disclosed Himself in the form of the firebrand sought because [the seeker] was single-pointed in concern and aspiration in seeking it, so the self-disclosure occurred in his particular form. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qāshānī

﴿لو كان يطلب غير ذ %~% لرآه فيه وما نكس﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي لو طلب موسى غير النار لرأى الله في صورته ، يعنى لما بلغ غاية جهده وطاقته في الطلب تجلى له الحق في صورة مطلوبه الجسماني الضروري . وأنت أيضا لو لم تتعلق همتك بغير الحق وغلبت محبتك إياه على محبة الكل عليك لرأيته في صورة ما أهمك . ولو طلبت غيره وأجلته فأنت محجوب عن الحق بمطلوبك ، فطوبى لمن لم يتعلق بقلبه غير حب مولاه ، ولا يطلب في قصد طول عمره إلا إياه . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

That is, had Moses sought something other than the fire, he would have seen God in its form - meaning that when he reached the utmost limit of his effort and capacity in seeking, the Real disclosed Himself to him in the form of his necessary bodily object of seeking. You too, if your aspiration were not attached to anything other than the Real, and your love for Him overcame your love for everything else, you would see Him in the form of whatever concerns you. But if you seek something other than Him and defer Him, then you are veiled from the Real by your sought object. So blessed is he whose heart is attached to nothing but love of his Master, and who seeks nothing throughout the length of his life but Him alone. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Jandī

﴿لو كان يطلب غير ذ %~% لرآه فيه وما نكس﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني : أنّ موسى ما طلب غير النار ، فلمّا بلغ غاية طاقته في الجهد والطلب ، تجلَّى له الحق في صورة مطلوبه ، ولو طلب غير ذلك ، لرآه في ذلك الآخر ، وأنت أيضا حيث تطلب أمرا سواه ، فاعلم أنّك محجوب ، فمطلوبك في زعمك ومبلغ علمك ، فمحتجب عنك بصورة مطلبك الله ، فطوبى لمن لم تتعلَّق همّته بغير مولاه ، ولم يطلب طول عمره إلَّا إيّاه . قال رضي الله عنه

- meaning: Moses sought nothing but the fire; so when he reached the utmost limit of his capacity in striving and seeking, the Real disclosed Himself to him in the form of his sought object. Had he sought something else, he would have seen Him in that other thing. And you too, wherever you seek something other than Him, know that you are veiled; for your sought object, in your supposition and the extent of your knowledge, is God veiled from you by the form of your quest. So blessed is he whose aspiration is not attached to anything but his Master, and who, throughout his lifetime, has sought nothing but Him. He, may God be pleased with him, said

Ibn Turka

﴿لو كان يطلب غير ذ %~% لرآه فيه وما نكس﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ما حكاه القرآن من محاورة عيسى عليه السّلام في القيامة ثمّ إنّه لما بيّن أن شخص الأب الأولى - المعبّر عنه بآدم - له الختم بحسب الوجود من حيث استيعابه أحكام الكثرة الأسمائيّة ، وأحديّة الجمع الذاتيّة ، أخذ يبيّن أنّ الكلمة العيسويّة لها تلك المرتبة بحسب الشهود ، قائل

- this is what the Qur'an relates of the conversation of Jesus, peace be upon him, on the Day of Resurrection. Then, after he had explained that the person of the first father - expressed as Adam - possesses the Seal (al-khatm) with respect to existence, in that he encompasses the rulings of nominal multiplicity (al-kathra al-asmāʾiyya) and the oneness of essential comprehensiveness (aḥadiyyat al-jamʿ al-dhātiyya), he proceeded to explain that the Jesus-Word (al-kalima al-ʿīsawiyya) possesses that same rank with respect to witnessing (al-shuhūd), saying:

Jāmī

﴿لو كان يطلب غير ذا﴾

القبس ( ليراه ) ، أي الحق المتجلي ( فيه ) ، أي في غير القبس لا في القبس

the firebrand, (he would have seen) i.e., the self-disclosing Real, (in it), i.e., in other than the firebrand, not in the firebrand

Bālī Zāde

﴿لو كان يطلب غير ذا %~% لرآه فيه وما نكس … لو كان﴾

موسى عليه السلام

Moses, peace be upon him

Words 82–84 · 1 of 5

يَطْلُبُ غَيْرَ ذَا

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿يطلب غير ذا﴾

أي غير النار ( لرآه ) أي لرأى الحق ( فيه ) أي مطلوبة أي مطلوب كان

i.e., other than the fire (he would have seen Him) i.e., he would have seen the Real (in it) i.e., in his object of seeking, i.e., [in] whatever was sought

Words 87–88 · 2 of 5

وَمَا نَكَسَ

Jāmī

﴿وما نكس﴾

رأسه خجلا من عدم فوزه بذلك التجلي

his head in shame at not having attained that self-disclosure

Bālī Zāde

﴿وما نكس﴾

الحق في إعطاء مطلوب كل طالب إذا توجه إليه فتجلى له الحق في صورة مطلوبه وهو منزه عن الصورة والصورة تنشأ عن بصر الرائي. ولما فرغ عن بيان الحقيقة العيسوية وما يتعلق بها شرع في بيان حكمته وتحقيق الآيات الواردة في حقه عليه السلام . فقال

The Real, in granting every seeker his object of seeking, when he turns toward Him, the Real discloses Himself to him in the form of his object of seeking, while He is incomparable (munazzah) with respect to form—form arising from the vision of the beholder. Now that [the Shaykh] has finished explaining the Christic reality (al-ḥaqīqa al-ʿīsawiyya) and what pertains to it, he begins to explain its wisdom and to verify the verses revealed concerning him, peace be upon him. He said:

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.