Mashrabaمشربة

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One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶23 in the text

23 · 79 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

إِن كُنتُ قُلْتُهُۥ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتَهُۥ لِأَنَّكَ أَنْتَ القَائِلُ وَمَنْ قَالَ أَمْرًا فَقَدْ عَلِمَ مَا قَالَ وَأَنْتَ اللِّسَانُ الَّذِي تَكَلَّمُ بِهِ كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ رَبِّهِ فِي الخَبَرِ الإِلَهِيِّ فَقَالَ كُنْتُ لِسَانَهُ الَّذِي يَتَكَلَّمُ بِهِ فَجَعَلَ هُوِيَّتَهُ عَيْنَ لِسَانِ المُتَكَلِّمِ وَنَسَبَ الكَلَامَ إِلَىٰ عَبْدِهِ ثُمَّ تَمَّمَ العَبْدُ الصَّالِحُ الجَوَابَ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى وَالمُتَكَلِّمُ الحَقُّ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا فِيهَا فَنَفَى العِلْمَ عَنْ هُوِيَّةِ عِيسَىٰ مِنْ حَيْثُ هُوِيَّتِهِ لَا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَنَّهُ قَائِلٍ وَذُو أَثَرٍ

"If I had said it, You would have known it" [Q 5:116], because You are the speaker, and whoever says a thing knows what he has said; and You are the tongue with which I speak, just as the Messenger of God (God bless him and give him peace) informed us from his Lord in the divine report, saying: "I am his tongue with which he speaks." Thus He made His He-ness the very self of the tongue of the speaker, and [yet] He ascribed the speech to His servant. Then the righteous servant completed the answer by his saying, "You know what is in my self" [Q 5:116], the speaker being the Real, "and I do not know what is in it." Thus he denied knowledge of the He-ness of Jesus inasmuch as it is his He-ness, not inasmuch as he is a speaker and one who exerts an effect.

Ibn Turka

﴿" إِنْ كُنْتُ قُلْتُه ُ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتَه ُ " لأنّك أنت القائل ، ومن قال أمرا فقد علم ما قال ، وأنت اللسان الذي أتكلَّم به﴾

قرب النوافل والفرائض في مكالمة عيسى عليه السّلام وبيّن أنّ في ظاهر كلامه هذا تدافع ، حيث نسب القول إلى الله والكلام إلى نفسه ، فدفع ذلك التدافع بقوله : قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

- the proximity of the supererogatory acts (qurb al-nawāfil) and the obligatory acts (al-farāʾiḍ) in the discourse of Jesus, peace be upon him. And he made clear that there is an apparent contradiction (tadāfuʿ) in this speech of his, in that he attributed the saying to God and the speech to himself; so he resolved that apparent contradiction by saying - the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿إن كنت قلته فقد علمته لأنك أنت القائل في صورتي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بمقتضى قرب الفرائض

by virtue of the proximity of the obligatory acts (qurb al-farāʾiḍ)

Bālī Zāde

﴿أن كنت قلته﴾

أي ما ليس لي بحق وهو الألوهية

i.e., what is not true for me, namely divinity

Bālī Zāde

﴿فقد علمته لأنك أنت القائل … ومن قال أمرا فقد علم ما قال وأنت اللسان الذي أتكلم به﴾

والوجود واللسان والقول كله لك وما لي إلا العدم وهذا هو جهة الجمع

Existence, the tongue, and the speech all belong to You, and nothing belongs to me but nonexistence—this is the aspect of unification (jamʿ)

Jāmī

﴿ومن قال أمرا فقد علم ما قال وأنت اللسان الذي أتكلم به﴾

بمقتضى قرب النوافل فأنت الفاعل وآلة أيضا وهذا لسان الجمع

by virtue of the proximity of supererogatory acts (qurb al-nawāfil), so you are the agent (fāʿil) and also an instrument, and this is the discourse of union (jamʿ)

Ibn Turka

﴿كما أخبرنا رسول الله صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم عن ربّه في الخبر الإلهي فقال: « كنت لسانه الذي يتكلم به » فجعل هويّته عين لسان المتكلَّم ، ونسب الكلام إلى عبده﴾

فظهر أنّه لا تدافع بين أن يكون القائل أعني اللسان عين هويّة الحقّ . وبين أن يكون الكلام للعبد ، كما ورد به الحديث القدسي . وعلم أنّ هذا كلَّه قرب النوافل . وإذ كان مقامه يستوعب القربين ، أشار إلى ذلك بقوله

- it became manifest that there is no contradiction between the speaker - I mean the tongue - being the very identity (huwiyya) of the Real, and the speech belonging to the servant, as reported in the Sacred Hadith (al-ḥadīth al-qudsī). And it is known that all of this pertains to the proximity of supererogatory works (qurb al-nawāfil). And since his station encompasses both proximities, he alluded to that by his saying

Jāmī

﴿كما أخبرنا رسول اللّه صلى اللّه عليه وسلم في الخبر الإلهي﴾

والحديث القدسي الوارد في قرب النوافل ( وقال ) تعالى

and the sacred ḥadīth (al-ḥadīth al-qudsī) transmitted concerning the proximity of supererogatory acts (qurb al-nawāfil). And He (exalted is He) said

Bālī Zāde

﴿كما أخبرنا رسول اللّه صلى اللّه عليه وسلم تعالى عليه وسلم عن ربه في الخبر الإلهي فقال : « كنت لسانه الذي يتكلم به »﴾

في أنه أخبر عن الأشياء على ما هي عليه فإن العبد إذا تقرب إليه علم الأشياء على ما هي عليه فأخبر عنها فعلمه علم الحق ولسانه لسان الحق . ( فجعل ) الحق ( هويته ) أي هوية نفسه بقوله كنت لسانه

in that He reported of things as they truly are; for when the servant draws near to Him, he comes to know things as they truly are and reports of them, so his knowledge is the Real's knowledge and his tongue is the Real's tongue. (He made) the Real (His He-ness), i.e., the He-ness of Himself, by His saying "I was his tongue"

Jāmī

﴿كنت لسانه الذي يتكلم به فجعل هويته عين لسان المتكلم ونسب الكلام إلى عبده﴾

كما يقتضيه قرب النوافل ، فإن الفاعل في قرب النوافل إنما هو العبد والحق آلة ، ولما كان مقامه يستوعب القربين. أشار إلى ذلك بقوله

as the proximity of supererogatory acts (qurb al-nawāfil) requires, for the agent in the proximity of supererogatory acts is indeed the servant, while the Real is the instrument. And since his station encompassed both proximities, he alluded to that by his saying

Words 42–44 · 1 of 4

عَيْنَ لِسَانِ المُتَكَلِّمِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿عين لسان المتكلم﴾

لكونه عين المتكلم بحسب الحقيقة

since He is, in reality, identical with the speaker

Words 45–48 · 1 of 4

وَنَسَبَ الكَلَامَ إِلَىٰ عَبْدِهِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ونسب الكلام إلى عبده﴾

بقوله الذي يتكلم به لكونه غير المتكلم بحسب التعين فالمتكلم هو العبد لكنه بالحق يتكلم وهو نتيجة قرب النوافل فجمع التنزيه والتشبيه في كلام واحد . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

by His saying "with which he speaks," since He [the servant] is other than the speaker with respect to entification (taʿayyun); so the speaker is the servant, yet he speaks by means of the Real—this being the result of the nearness of supererogatory works (qurb al-nawāfil)—thus combining declaring incomparability (tanzīh) and declaring similarity (tashbīh) in a single utterance. The Shaykh, God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿ثمّ تمّم العبد الصالح﴾

- أي المتقرّب بالنوافل - ( الجواب ) عند مقاربته ومخاطبته بقرب الفرائض ، حيث يكون الحقّ متكلَّما والعبد آلته

- that is, the one drawn near through supererogatory works - (the answer) when his proximity and address occur through the proximity of obligatory works (qurb al-farāʾiḍ), wherein the Real is the one spoken through and the servant is His instrument

Jāmī

﴿ثم تمم العبد الصالح الجواب بقوله : تعلم ما في نفسي والمتكلم بهذا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

القول

utterance

Bālī Zāde

﴿ثم تمم العبد الصالح الجواب بقوله تعلم ما في نفسي﴾

من الكمالات والنقائص المستترة بهويتي لأن نفسي بحسب الحقيقة عين نفسك ( والمتكلم ) أي والحال أن المتكلم بهذا القول (الحق ) لكنه بلسان عيسى عليه السلام وهو إشارة إلى نتيجة قرب الفرائض

of the perfections and deficiencies concealed within my He-ness, for my self, in reality, is identical with Your Self (and the speaker), that is, while the speaker of this utterance is in fact (the Real), though by the tongue of Jesus, peace be upon him—this being an indication of the result of the nearness of obligatory works (qurb al-farāʾiḍ)

Ibn Turka

﴿بقوله : " تَعْلَمُ ما في " نَفْسِي " والمتكلَّم الحق " وَلا أَعْلَمُ " ما فيها﴾

ثمّ لما استشعر أن يقال هاهنا : إذا كان المتكلَّم فيها هو الحقّ ، كيف يصدق منه قوله : « لا أعلم ما فيها ؟ » . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

Then, when he sensed that it might be said here: if the one speaking within it is the Real, how can His saying "I do not know what is in it" be true? The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿تَعْلَمُ ما فِي نَفْسِي﴾

( وضيق ) باعتبار الظاهر وهو قوله

(and he made restrictive) by consideration of the manifest (ẓāhir), which is his saying

Jāmī

﴿وَلا أَعْلَمُ ما فِي نَفْسِكَ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أو المراد : لا أعلم ما في نفسي فكيف أعلم ما في نفسك

— or the meaning is: "I do not know what is within my own self, so how could I know what is within Your self?"

﴿ولا أعلم ما فيها﴾

هو الحق لكن من حيث التعين العيسوي ولما كان المتكلم بقوله : تعلم ما في نفسي هو الحق بكون ضمير المتكلم فيه كناية عن الحق سبحانه فتكون النفس نفسه فيكفي في قوله : ولا أعلم ما فيها إرجاع الضمير المجرور إلى النفس ولا حاجة إلى التصريح كما في القرآن حيث قال

but from the standpoint of the Jesus-specific determination (al-taʿayyun al-ʿīsawī). And since the speaker in his saying, "You know what is within my self," is the Real — the pronoun of the speaker therein being a reference to the Real (glory be to Him) — the "self" (nafs) would then be His own Self; so it suffices in his saying, "but I do not know what is within it," that the attached pronoun refer back to the "self," without need for making it explicit, as is done in the Qur'an where He says

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولا أعلم ما فيها فنفى﴾

الحق بلسان عيسى عليه السلام

the Real, by the tongue of Jesus, peace be upon him,

﴿وَلا أَعْلَمُ ما فِي نَفْسِكَ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وأتى كله بالتشديد للمبالغة . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

— and he brought all of it with doubled letters for emphasis. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qāshānī

﴿ففي العلم عن هوية عيسى من حيث هويته لا من حيث أنه قائل وذو أثر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي القائل والمتكلم هو الحق

- that is, the Sayer and the Speaker is the Real.

Ibn Turka

﴿فنفى العلم عن هويّة عيسى من حيث هويّته ، لا من حيث أنّه قائل وذو أثر﴾

وإذ قد كان هذا القرب يستلزم الاتحاد الذاتي نبّه إليه بقوله : « ولا أعلم ما فيها » - بإيراد الضمير وبإيراد الفصل على الاتّحاد الوصفي ، الدالّ على مبدأ القول المسؤول عنه - واصله بقوله

And since this proximity necessarily entails essential unity (al-ittiḥād al-dhātī), he alerted to this by his saying: "and I do not know what is in it" - by bringing in the pronoun and by introducing the disjunctive pronoun (al-faṣl) indicating attributive unity (al-ittiḥād al-waṣfī), which points to the origin of the speech being inquired about - and he connected it with his saying

Jāmī

﴿فنفى العلم عن هوية عيسى … من حيث هويته لا من حيث أنه﴾

أي عيسى قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is, Jesus. The Shaykh (may God be pleased with him) said

Bālī Zāde

﴿العلم عن هوية عيسى عليه السلام من حيث هويته﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإنه حينئذ عدم

for at that point it is [mere] nonexistence

Words 73–76 · 1 of 4

لَا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَنَّهُ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا من حيث أنه﴾

أي لا من حيث أن عيسى عليه السلام

i.e., not from the standpoint of Jesus, peace be upon him, being [the Real]

﴿من حيث أنه﴾

أي من حيث أن اللّه

i.e., from the respect that God

Words 77–79 · 1 of 4

قَائِلٍ وَذُو أَثَرٍ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿قائل وذو أثر﴾

فإنه من هذه الحيثية عين الحق ( أنك أنت علام الغيوب فجاء بالفصل والعماد ) وهو أنت

For from this respect he is the very identity (ʿayn) of the Real: (Indeed You, You are the Knower of the unseen things) — so he came with the disjunctive pronoun (faṣl) and the supporting pronoun (ʿimād), which is 'You'

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.