Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶25 in the text

25 · 60 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَانْظُرْ إِلَىٰ هَذِهِ التَّنْبِئَةِ الرُّوحِيَّةِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ مَا أَلْطَفَهَا وَمَا أَدَقَّهَا أَنِ ٱعْبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ فَجَاءَ بِالْاسْمِ ٱللَّهَ لِاخْتِلَافِ العُبَّادِ فِي العِبَادَاتِ وَاخْتِلَافِ الشَّرَائِعِ لَمْ يَخُصّ اسْمًا خَاصًّا دُونَ اسْمٍ بَلْ جَاءَ بِالْاسْمِ الجَامِعِ لِلْكُلِّ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَبِّى وَرَبَّكُمْ وَمَعْلُومٌ أَنْ نِسْبَتَهُ إِلَىٰ مَوْجُودٍ مَّا بِالْرُّبُوبِيَّةِ لَيْسَتْ عَيْنَ نِسْبَتِهِ إِلَىٰ مَوْجُودٍ آخَرَ فَلِذَٰلِكَ فَصَلَ بِقَوْلِهِ رَبِّى وَرَبَّكُمْ بِالكِنَايَتَيْنِ كِنَايَةُ المُتَكَلِّمِ وَكِنَايَةُ المُخَاطَبِ

So look at this spiritual, divine informing — how subtle it is and how fine! "[Saying:] Worship God" [Q 5:117]: he brought the name "God" [Q 5:117] because of the differences among the worshippers in [their] acts of worship and the differences among the revealed laws. He did not single out one specific name to the exclusion of [another] name; rather, he brought the name that comprehends all [the names]. Then he said, "my Lord and your Lord" [Q 5:117], and it is known that His relation through lordship to one existent is not the very same as His relation to another existent. That is why he made a distinction by his saying "my Lord and your Lord" [Q 5:117], with the two pronouns: the pronoun of the speaker and the pronoun of the one addressed.

On the whole passage · 4 of 5

al-Qāshānī

﴿" أَنِ اعْبُدُوا الله " - فجاء باسم الله لاختلاف العباد في العبادات واختلاف الشرائع ولم يعين اسما خاصا دون اسم بل بالاسم الجامع للكل ، ثم قال – " رَبِّي ورَبَّكُمْ " - ومعلوم أن نسبته إلى موجود ما بالربوبية ليست عين نسبته إلى موجود آخر فلذلك فصل بقوله – " رَبِّي ورَبَّكُمْ " - بالكنايتين كناية المتكلم وكناية المخاطب – " إِلَّا ما أَمَرْتَنِي به "- فأثبت نفسه مأمورا وليست﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي المأمورية قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

the all-comprehensive name for everything. Then he said: "'my Lord and your Lord'" - and it is known that His relation (nisba) of lordship to one existent is not identical with His relation to another existent; therefore he differentiated by saying "my Lord and your Lord" with the two pronouns - the pronoun of the speaker and the pronoun of the addressee - "'except what You commanded me'" - thus affirming himself as commanded, and that [being-commanded] is nothing] other than his servanthood (ʿubūdiyya); the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Jandī

﴿« رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ » ومعلوم أنّ نسبته إلى موجود ما بالربوبية ليست عين نسبته إلى موجود آخر . فلذلك فصّل بقوله : « رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ » بالكنايتين : كناية المتكلَّم وكناية المخاطب . « إِلَّا ما أَمَرْتَنِي به » فأثبت نفسه مأمورا وليست سوى عبوديته ، إذ لا يؤمر إلَّا من يتصوّر منه الامتثال وإن لم يفعل ، ولمّا كان الأمر ينزل بحكم المراتب ، لذلك ينصبغ كلّ من ظهر في مرتبة ما بما تعطيه حقيقة تلك المرتبة ، فمرتبة المأمور ، لها حكم يظهر في كل مأمور ، ومرتبة الآمر ، لها حكم يبدو في كل آمر ، فيقول الحق : “ أَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ “ فهو الآمر ، والمكلَّف المأمور . ويقول العبد “ اغْفِرْ لِي “ فهو الآمر ، والحق المأمور ، فما يطلبه الحق من العبد بأمره هو بعينه ما يطلبه العبد من الحق بأمره » يعني الإجابة « ولهذا كان كلّ دعاء مجابا ولا بدّ وإن تأخّر ، كما تتأخّر بعض المكلَّفين ممّن أقيم مخاطبا بإقامة الصلاة ، فلا يصلَّي في وقت فيؤخّر الامتثال ويصلَّي في وقت آخر إن كان متمكَّنا من ذلك ، ولا بدّ من الإجابة ولو بالقصد . كما قال : “ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ “ ، " شَهِيداً ما دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ " لأن الأنبياء شهداء على أممهم ما داموا فيهم . " فَلَمَّا تَوَفَّيْتَنِي " أي رفعتني إليك وحجبتهم عنّى وحجبتني عنهم. " كُنْتَ أَنْتَ الرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ " في غير مادّتي بل في موادّهم ، إذ كنت بصرهم الذي يقتضي المراقبة ، فشهود الإنسان نفسه شهود الحق إيّاه ، وجعله باسم « الرقيب »﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لأنّه جعل الشهود له يعني : بعين شهودهم أنفسهم بالحق ، فأراد أن يفصل بينه وبين ربّه حتى يعلم أنّه هو ، لكونه عبدا في الواقع وأنّ الحق هو الحق ،لكونه ربّا له ، فجاء لنفسه بأنّه شهيد وفي الحق بأنّه رقيب . يعني : لأنّ الشهيد يكون بالنسبة إلى وقت دون وقت وبالنسبة إلى مشهود دون مشهود ، والرقيب يقتضي دوام الرقبى إلَّا إذا أضيف إلى الحق الدائم الوجود ، فيقتضي دوام الشهود ، فافهم . قال رضي الله عنه

because He made the witnessing for Him—meaning: through the very witnessing of themselves by means of the Real—he wished to distinguish between himself and his Lord, so that it be known that he is he, since he is in fact a servant, and that the Real is the Real, since He is a Lord to him; so he affirmed for himself that he is a witness, and for the Real that He is a Watcher. That is: because "witness" applies with respect to one time rather than another, and with respect to one witnessed object rather than another, while "watcher" requires the perpetuity of watching, unless it is attributed to the Real of ever-abiding existence, in which case it requires the perpetuity of witnessing—so understand. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿بالاسم «الله» لاختلاف العباد في العبادات واختلاف الشرائع، لم يخص اسما خاصا دون اسم، بل جاء بالاسم الجامع للكل. ثم قال «ربي وربكم»، ومعلوم أن نسبته إلى موجود ما بالربوبية ليست عين نسبته إلى موجود آخر، فلذلك فصل بقوله «ربي وربكم» بالكنايتين كناية المتكلم وكناية المخاطب. «إلا ما أمرتني به» فأثبت نفسه مأمورا وليست سوى عبوديته، إذ لا يؤمر إلا من يتصور منه الامتثال وإن لم يفعل. ولما كان الأمر ينزل بحكم المراتب، لذلك ينصبغ كل من ظهر في مرتبة ما بما تعطيه حقيقة تلك المرتبة: فمرتبة المأمور لها حكم يظهر في كل مأمور، ومرتبة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وقال : التثنية بالثاء تصحيف ولا يخفى أن الأولى الحكم بالتصحيف عليها أولى كيف وهذه الكلمة صححت في النسخة المقروءة على الشيخ رضي اللّه عنه بالثاء المثلثة ثم بين الأمر المأمور به

and he said: the duality with thāʾ is a scribal corruption, and it is not hidden that it would be more fitting to judge the former [reading] as the corruption — how could it not be, when this very word was verified with the triple-dotted thāʾ in the manuscript read before the Shaykh (may God be pleased with him)? Then he clarified the matter commanded

Bālī Zāde

﴿" أَنِ اعْبُدُوا الله " - فجاء باسم الله لاختلاف العباد في العبادات واختلاف الشرائع ولم يعين اسما خاصا دون اسم بل بالاسم الجامع للكل ، ثم قال – " رَبِّي ورَبَّكُمْ " - ومعلوم أن نسبته إلى موجود ما بالربوبية ليست عين نسبته إلى موجود آخر فلذلك فصل بقوله – " رَبِّي ورَبَّكُمْ " - بالكنايتين كناية المتكلم وكناية المخاطب – " إِلَّا ما أَمَرْتَنِي به "- فأثبت نفسه مأمورا وليست﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(ما هو ثمة ) إشارة إلى أن عيسى ليس هو موجودا في هذا المقام حتى يقول قولا بل الوجود كلمة الله ( وحاشاه من ذلك ) فلو لم يثبت الهوية الإلهية بعد ففي الهوية العيسوية لكان نفيا مطلقا وليس الأمر كذلك ، بل الأمر الإثبات بعد النفي أو النفي بعد الإثبات اهـ بالى . فإن عبد الرحيم ليس بعبد القهار ( فلذلك ) أي فلكون نسبة الربوبية باختلاف المظاهر ( فصل بقوله "رَبِّي ورَبَّكُمْ " )

('he is not there') an allusion to the fact that Jesus does not exist in this station such that he could utter speech; rather, existence is the Word of God. ('and far be it from him to be such') For had he not affirmed the divine identity after [negating it] in the identity of Jesus, it would have been an absolute negation, and the matter is not so; rather, the matter is affirmation after negation, or negation after affirmation — end of [commentary of] Bālī. For the servant of al-Raḥīm is not the servant of al-Qahhār. ('therefore') i.e. because the relation of lordship [varies] according to the diversity of loci of manifestation (maẓāhir) ('he distinguished by his saying "my Lord and your Lord"')

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8673); moved here

Ibn Turka

﴿فانظر إلى هذه التثنية الروحيّة الإلهيّة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

التي قد اشتملت عليها الكلمة العيسويّة ، وكيفيّة سريانها في سائر أحوالها وأفعالها وأقوالها: أوّل في أمر التحقّق والتوهّم اللذين في أصل خلقته . وثانيا في الآية التي نزلت في حكاية إحيائها الموتى واحتمالها للوجهين كما سبق بيانه . وثالثا في السؤال عنها : " أَأَنْتَ قُلْتَ لِلنَّاسِ اتَّخِذُونِي وَأُمِّي إِلهَيْنِ " حيث ثنّى الخطاب والإلهيّة . وكذلك في الجواب حيث ثنّى ضمير المتكلم في " كُنْتُ قُلْتُه ُ" وثنّى القول وثنّى العلم مرتين ، وثنّى ضمير الخطاب بـ " إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ " . وفي استيناف الجواب أيضا تثنية ، وكذلك اشتماله على النفي والإيجاب فيه تثنية . اللطائف الذوقيّة في محاورة عيسى عليه السّلام ثمّ إنّ هذا الجواب مع دلالته على التوحيد الجمعي الختمي وإشارته إلى القربين له لطيف معنى ودقيق فحوى . وإليه أشار بقوله : ( ما ألطفها وأدقّها ! ) أما وجه لطفها فهو إيراد الجواب مطابقا للسؤال ، حيث أنّ في السؤال ثنويّة في مقولة ، يعني قوله : " اتَّخِذُونِي وَأُمِّي إِلهَيْنِ " أتى في جوابه بمثل ذلك . ووجه دقّتها هو أنّه قد أدرج في عبارته ما يلوّح على الثنويّة المشتمل عليها كلمته من التروّح والتأله ، حيث قال : " إِلَّا ما أَمَرْتَنِي به " وذلك لأن « الأمر » إشارة إلى طرف تروّحه - فإنّ الروح منه - والتاء إلى التألَّه ، فإنّه مع اشتماله عليه كناية عن الحقّ . وهاهنا تلويح آخر ، وهو أنّ التمييز بين الكنايتين - أعني التاء والياء المشار بهما إلى الحقّ والعبد - تميّز نسبيّ اعتباريّ ، لا حقيقيّ في الدرج ، أعني في عالم الامتزاج والتركيب . وذلك لأنّه إنما يتمايزان بتحتيّة النقطتين وفوقيّتهم . ويمكن أن يشار بوجه الدقة واللطف إلى هذا التلويح . وذلك المأمور به الذي قيل لهم

which the Word of Jesus (al-kalima al-ʿīsawiyya) encompasses, and the manner of its pervading all his states, acts, and sayings: first, in the matter of actualization (taḥaqquq) and supposition (tawahhum) which lie at the root of his creation; second, in the sign (āya) that came down relating his bringing the dead to life, which bears both aspects, as was explained before; third, in the question put to him: "Did you say to the people, take me and my mother as two gods?" where the address and divinity were doubled; and likewise in the answer, where the pronoun of the speaker was doubled in "If I said it," and the speech was doubled, and knowledge was doubled twice, and the pronoun of address was doubled by "Indeed You, You are." In the resumption of the answer there is also a duality, and likewise its encompassing of negation and affirmation constitutes a duality. Subtle Experiential Points in the Discourse of Jesus, peace be upon him Then this answer, along with its indication of the unitive, seal-like unification (al-tawḥīd al-jamʿī al-khatmī) and its allusion to the two proximities, has a subtle meaning and a fine import. To this he alluded by saying: (How subtle and fine it is!) As for the aspect of its subtlety, it is that the answer was brought in correspondence with the question, since in the question there was a duality in what was stated - namely his saying: "Take me and my mother as two gods" - and he brought in his answer something similar to that. As for the aspect of its fineness, it is that he embedded in his expression what intimates the duality that his Word encompasses - of spirit-ensoulment (tarawwuḥ) and deification (taʾalluh) - where he said: "except what You commanded me," for "the command" (al-amr) alludes to the aspect of his being ensouled - since the spirit is from Him - while the "tāʾ" [of amartanī] alludes to the deification, for it, while encompassing him, is a reference to the Real. And here there is another intimation: namely that the distinction between the two references - I mean the tāʾ and the yāʾ, by which reference is made to the Real and the servant - is a relational, considerational distinction, not a real one in their joining, that is, in the world of mixture and composition. For the two are only distinguished by the dot of the one being below and that of the other above. And it is possible that the aspect of fineness and subtlety alludes to this very intimation. And that which was commanded, which was said to them

﴿فانظر إلى هذه التثنية الروحيّة الإلهيّة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في شرح القيصري: « التنبئة » . وقال : « التنبئة تفعلة من نبأ . وأكثر الناظرين فيه قرؤا « تثنية » من الثني . وهو تصحيف منهم إذ هذه الحكمة نبوية ولا يحتاج التثنية - بالثاء - إلى الوصف بالروحية والإلهية . أي فانظر إلى هذا الإنباء الروحاني الإلهي ما ألطفها - أي عبارة - وما أدقها - أي إشارة»

In the commentary of al-Qayṣarī: "the informing" (al-tanbiʾa). He said: "al-tanbiʾa is of the pattern tafʿila from nabaʾa. Most of those who have looked into it have read it as 'tathniya' (duality), from al-thanī [doubling]. This is a corruption on their part, since this wisdom is prophetic (nabawiyya), and al-tathniya - with thāʾ - has no need to be qualified by 'spiritual' and 'divine.' That is: so observe this spiritual, divine informing (inābāʾ) - how subtle it is - i.e., the expression - and how fine - i.e., the indication."

Note by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) of the ibnalarabi.com text, not by Ibn Turka

Jāmī

﴿فانظر إلى هذه التثنية﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي تثنية الفرق بالجمع والتنزيه بالتحديد والوحدة بالكثرة والسعة بالضيق والنفي بالإيجاب وقرب الفرائض بقرب النوافل ( الروحية ) ، أي الصادرة من عيسى الذي هو روح اللّه صورة . ( والإلهية حقيقة ما ألطفها وأدقها ) لدلالتها على الجمعية الكمالية وصحح بعض الشارحين التنبئة بالنون بفعله من النبأ لا بالثاء المنقوطة ثلاث نقاط . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is, the duality of distinguishing paired with uniting, declaring incomparability (tanzīh) paired with specification, oneness paired with multiplicity, expansion paired with constriction, negation paired with affirmation, and the proximity of obligatory acts paired with the proximity of supererogatory acts — (spiritual), that is, proceeding from Jesus who is the spirit of God in form, (and divine in reality) — how subtle and how fine it is! — because of its indication of the comprehensive perfection (al-jamʿiyya al-kamāliyya). Some commentators corrected "al-tanabbiʾa" with the letter nūn, from its verb, derived from "al-nabaʾ" (news), rather than with the thrice-dotted thāʾ. The Shaykh (may God be pleased with him) said

Bālī Zāde

﴿فانظر إلى هذه التنبئة﴾

من الأنباء على وزن تفعله

— from al-anbāʾ (reports), on the pattern of 'tafʿila'

Words 5–6 · 1 of 5

الرُّوحِيَّةِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿الروحية الإلهية﴾

أي فانظر إلى هذا الإخبار الروحي الإلهي ومن التنبي باعتبار السؤال من طرف الحق والجواب من عيسى عليه السلام يعني فانظر إلى هذا السؤال والجواب

i.e. look at this spiritual, divine informing — or [it could be] from 'al-tanabbī' [prophesying], considering the question from the side of the Real and the answer from Jesus, peace be upon him — meaning: look at this question and answer

Words 7–10 · 1 of 5

مَا أَلْطَفَهَا وَمَا أَدَقَّهَا

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما ألطفها … وما أدقها … أن اعبدوا اللّه فجاء﴾

عيسى عليه السلام ما أمر اللّه به

Jesus, peace be upon him, what God commanded him with

Ibn Turka

﴿" أَنِ اعْبُدُوا الله " فجاء باسم " الله " لاختلاف العباد في العبادات والشرايع ، ولم يخصّ اسما خاصا دون اسم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من الأسماء الجزئيّة التي تتحوّل أحكامها بتجدّد الأزمنة والاستعدادات . ( بل جاء باسم الجامع للكل ) فإن كلامه لا بدّ وأن يكون تامّا كاملا شاملا ليطابق ما أصله في الجواب من الجمع بين التنزيه والتشبيه والنفي والإثبات ، وسائر المتقابلات . ثمّ إنه لما أمرهم بعبادة الله - وهو الدالّ على جميع الأرباب إجمالا - أتى بما يخصّ تفصيلا ، إفصاحا بما هو المطلوب من دعوة الامّة المختصّة به ، وتمكينا لذلك في خواطرهم - فإنّ التفصيل بعد الإجمال أمكن وأوقع - وتطبيقا لما جبل عليه الكلمة العيسويّة من الثنويّة بقوله

of the partial names whose rulings shift with the renewal of times and preparednesses (istiʿdādāt). (Rather he came with the name that comprehends all), for his speech had necessarily to be complete, perfect, and all-encompassing, so as to correspond to what he had established as the basis of his answer: the combination of incomparability (tanzīh) and similarity (tashbīh), negation and affirmation, and the other paired opposites. Then, since he had commanded them to worship God - which indicates all the lords (arbāb) in summary fashion - he brought what specifies in detail, making explicit what is sought from the calling of the community specifically pertaining to him, and establishing that firmly in their minds - for detail after summary is more deeply rooted and more effective - and applying what the Word of Jesus was molded upon, namely duality, by his saying

Jāmī

﴿أن اعبدوا اللّه ، فجاء بالاسم اللّه﴾

الجامع لجميع الأسماء

which comprehends all the Names

Bālī Zāde

﴿بالاسم اللّه لاختلاف العباد في العبادات واختلاف الشرائع ولم يخص اسما خاصا دون اسم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ولم يقل أن اعبدوا الرحمن أو غيره من الأسماء الخاصة

— he did not say 'worship al-Raḥmān' or any other of the specific names

Words 17–18 · 1 of 5

لِاخْتِلَافِ العُبَّادِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿لاختلاف العباد … في العبادات﴾

فلكل وجهة من تلك الأسماء هو موليه

for every one of those Names has one devoted to it as his patron

Words 21–22 · 1 of 5

وَاخْتِلَافِ الشَّرَائِعِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿واختلاف الشرائع﴾

أي الطرق الموصلة المسلوكة لهم ، فإن كل طريق شريعة ، وإن كان الكل داخلا تحت شريعة واحدة ، وحمل الشرائع على الشرائع المختلفة التي للأنبياء يخدشه أن عيسى عليه السلام لا يأمر أمته إلا بالعبادة على شريعة خاصة

that is, the paths leading [to God] that are traveled by them, for every path is a Sacred Law (sharīʿa), even though all are subsumed under a single Sacred Law. And to construe "the Sacred Laws" as the differing Sacred Laws belonging to the various prophets is undermined by the fact that Jesus (peace be upon him) does not command his community to worship according to anything but one particular Sacred Law

Words 23–28 · 1 of 5

لَمْ يَخُصّ اسْمًا خَاصًّا دُونَ اسْمٍ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ولم يخص اسما خاصا دون اسم … بل جاء بالاسم اللّه الجامع للكل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي لكل الأسماء أو لكل العباد والشرائع

that is, of all the Names, or of all the servants and the Sacred Laws

Words 29–33 · 1 of 5

بَلْ جَاءَ بِالْاسْمِ الجَامِعِ لِلْكُلِّ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿بل جاء بالاسم الجامع للكل﴾

أي لجميع الأسماء

i.e. of all the [divine] names

Ibn Turka

﴿ثمّ قال " رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ " ومعلوم أن نسبته إلى موجود بالربوبيّة ليست عين نسبته إلى موجود آخر﴾

ضرورة لزوم تغاير النسبة عند تغاير أحد المنتسبين

necessarily, because of the requisite differing of the relation (nisba) when one of the two related terms differs

Jāmī

﴿ثم قال﴾

عيسى عليه السلام تفصيل ( له ) ، أي للاسم اللّه

— Jesus (peace be upon him), as a detailing (of) that is, of the Name "God"

Bālī Zāde

﴿ثم قال﴾

عيسى عليه السلام ( له ) : أي اللّه

— Jesus, peace be upon him, (to Him) — i.e. to God

Jāmī

﴿ربي وربكم ومعلوم أن نسبته﴾

أي نسبة الاسم اللّه

that is, the relation of the Name "God"

Bālī Zāde

﴿ربي وربكم ومعلوم أن نسبته﴾

أي نسبة الحق

i.e. the relation of the Real

Jāmī

﴿إلى موجود ما بالربوبية ليست عين نسبته إلى موجود آخر﴾

لأن لكل موجود خصوصية ليست لسائر الموجودات تطلب أسما خاصا يربيه

because every existent has a specific particularity not shared by the rest of the existents, which requires a specific Name to nurture it

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلى موجود ما بالربوبية غير نسبة إلى موجود آخر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإن عبد الرحيم ليس عبد القهار. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( فلذلك ) أي فلكون نسبة الربوبية باختلاف المظاهر ( فصل ) عيسى عليه السلام الرب

relation to another existent] For the servant of al-Raḥīm is not the servant of al-Qahhār. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: ('therefore') i.e. because the relation of lordship [varies] according to the diversity of loci of manifestation ('he distinguished') — Jesus, peace be upon him, [distinguished] the Lord

Ibn Turka

﴿فلذلك فصّل بقوله : "رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ " بالكنايتين : كناية المتكلم وكناية المخاطب﴾

اللتان هما أدلّ ما يفصّل به الإجمال ويميّز به العام ، ولذلك قيل : "إنهما أعرف المعارف في صناعة آداب الألفاظ " . ثمّ إنّه قد أشار في هذه الآية إلى أنّه عابد لله في قوله لهم ذلك ، فإنّه تحت حكم الأمر في ذلك الفعل ، على ما أشار إليه قوله

which are the most indicative means by which the summary is detailed and the general is distinguished, and for that reason it was said: "They are the most definite of definite expressions in the art of the proprieties of wording." Then he indicated in this verse that he is a worshipper of God in saying that to them, for he is under the ruling of command in that act, as indicated by his saying

Jāmī

﴿فلذلك فصل﴾

بالتشديد ما أجمل في الاسم اللّه

— with the doubled letter (tashdīd) — what had been stated summarily (mujmal) in the Name "God"

Jāmī

﴿بقوله : ربي وربكم بالكنايتين : كناية المتكلم وكناية المخاطب﴾

يعني المخاطبين فإن تفصيل المضاف إليه تفصيل المضاف ويجوز أن يكون فصل بالتخفيف ، أي فصل بعض الأسماء عن بعض ثم أعاد رضي اللّه عنه قوله

— meaning those addressed, for the detailing of the thing to which [a word] is annexed is the detailing of the annexed term itself; and it is permissible that it be "faṣl" with the light letter (takhfīf), meaning he separated some Names from others. Then he (may God be pleased with him) repeated his saying

Bālī Zāde

﴿بقوله رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ بالكنايتين كناية المتكلم به وكناية المخاطب إِلَّا ما أَمَرْتَنِي بِهِ فأثبت نفسه مأمورا وليست نفسه سوى عبوديته إذ لا يؤمر إلا من يتصور منه الامتثال﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إلى الأمر

with the command can be conceived

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.