Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶3 in the text

3 · 82 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَذَلِكَ القَدْرُ مِنَ الحَيَاةِ السَّارِيَةِ فِي الأَشْيَاءِ يُسَمَّى لَاهُوتًا وَالنَّاسُوتُ هُوَ المَحَلُّ القَائِمُ بِهِ ذَلِكَ الرُّوحُ فَسُمِّيَ النَّاسُوْتَ رُوحًا بِمَا قَامَ بِهِ فَلَمَّا تَمَثَّلَ الرُّوحُ الأَمِينُ الَّذِي هُوَ جِبْرَئِيْلُ لِمَرْيَمَ عَلَيْهَا السَّلَامُ بَشَرًا سَوِيًّا تَخَيَّلَتْ أَنَّهُ بَشَرٌ يُرِيدُ مَوَاقَعَتَهَا فَاسْتَعَاذَتْ بِاللهِ مِنْهُ اسْتِعَاذَةً بِجَمْعِيَّةٍ مِنْهَا لِيُخَلِّصَهَا اللهُ مِنْهُ لِمَا تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَا يَجُوزُ فَحَصَّلَ لَهَا حُضُورًا تَامًّا مَعَ اللهِ وَهُوَ الرُّوحُ الْمَعْنَوِيِّ فَلَوْ نَفَخَ فِيهَا فِي ذَلِكَ الوَقْتِ عَلَىٰ هَذِهِ الحَالَةِ لَخَرَجَ عِيسَىٰ لَا يُطِيقُهُ أَحَدٌ لِشَكَاسَةِ خُلُقِهِ لِحَالِ أُمِّهِ

So that measure of the life that permeates things is called lāhūt (divinity), and nāsūt (humanity) is the locus in which that spirit subsists. Thus nāsūt is called 'spirit' by virtue of what subsists in it. When the Trustworthy Spirit (al-rūḥ al-amīn; cf. Q 26:193), who is Gabriel, appeared to Mary (peace be upon her) in the likeness of 'a well-proportioned man' (Q 19:17), she imagined that he was a man who wanted to have intercourse with her. So she sought refuge in God from him, a seeking of refuge made with the all-comprehensiveness of her [whole being], so that God would deliver her from him, since she knew that this was something impermissible. This produced in her a complete presence with God, and that is the spirit in meaning (al-rūḥ al-maʿnawī). Had he blown into her at that moment, while she was in this state, Jesus would have come forth such that no one could bear him, because of the harshness of his character, owing to his mother's state.

al-Qāshānī

﴿فذلك القدر من الحياة السارية في الأشياء يسمى لاهوتا ، والناسوت هو المحل القائم به ذلك الروح فيسمى الناسوت روحا بما قام به﴾

لما كانت الحياة من خواص الحضرة الإلهية بل هي عين الذات الإلهية سميت الحياة السارية في الأشياء لاهوتا ، والمحل القائم به ذلك الروح الحي الذي يحيا به المحل ناسوتا وقد سمى المحل الذي يقوم به الروح روحا مجازا تسمية المحل باسم الحال كالرؤية . وإذا كان المحل الذي يقوم به صورة إنسانية سميت ناسوتا بالحقيقة ، وإذا كان غير الصورة الإنسانية سميت ناسوتا مجازا باعتبار كونه محلا للاهوت "" أضاف عبد الرحمن جامي

Since life is among the special properties of the Divine Presence — indeed, it is the very Essence itself — the life flowing within things is named 'lāhūt,' while the locus sustained by that living spirit, by which the locus lives, is named 'nāsūt.' The locus in which the spirit subsists has been named 'spirit' figuratively, naming the locus by the name of the state [within it], as with 'vision' [named for the act of seeing]. And when the locus in which it subsists is a human form, it is named 'nāsūt' in the proper sense; and when it is other than the human form, it is named 'nāsūt' figuratively, insofar as it is a locus for the lāhūt." ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī added.

Ibn Turka

﴿فذلك القدر من الحياة السارية في الأشياء يسمى « لاهوتا » ، والناسوت هو المحلّ القائم به ذلك الروح﴾

في الظهور . وإن كان الروح مقوّم ما حلّ فيه في الوجود ووطئ عليه ، كما حقّق ذلك في المادّة الهيولانيّة مع الصور الجسمانيّة بلسان النظر . و " اللاهوت " فعلوت من لاه ، يليه : إذا تستّر . و " الناسوت " من ناس ، ينوس : إذا تذبذب وظهر بفعله . وأنت عرفت أنّ المادّة الاميّة هي المحتجبة بالصورة الكماليّة الظاهرة بالأثر ، على ما عرفت في مراتب الصوت مادّة وصورة . ومما يلوّح على ذلك أن ما يختصّ به الأوّل - يعني اللام والهاء - فضله هو الدالّ على الامّ ، كما أنّ ما يختصّ به الثاني - وهو السين والنون - على الصورة الشاخصة . يقال : سننته سنّا : إذا صوّرته . كيفية النفخ في مريم عليها السّلام

in manifestation. Even though the spirit is that which sustains whatever it indwells in existence and treads upon, as has been established regarding primordial matter (al-māddah al-hayūlāniyyah) together with corporeal forms, in the language of speculative inquiry. "Lāhūt" is of the pattern faʿalūt from lāha, yalīhu: when it conceals itself. And "nāsūt" is from nāsa, yanūsu: when it oscillates and becomes manifest through its act. You have already learned that the maternal matter (al-māddah al-ummiyyah) is that which is veiled by the perfecting form (al-ṣūrah al-kamāliyyah) made manifest through its effect, as you have learned regarding the levels of sound - matter and form. What further indicates this is that what is proper to the first [letter] - that is, the lām and the hā' - its distinguishing feature is that which points to the mother (al-umm), just as what is proper to the second - namely the sīn and the nūn - points to the apparent form. One says: sanantuhu sannan, meaning: I gave it form. [On] the manner of the breathing-in into Mary, peace be upon her

Bālī Zāde

﴿فذلك القدر من الحياة السارية في الأشياء يسمى﴾

الروح ( لاهوتا ) لكون الحياة صفة إلهية فيسمى الروح بسبب اتصافه بالحياة السارية في الأشياء لاهوت

the spirit ("divinity [lāhūt]") since life is a divine attribute, so the spirit, by reason of its being characterized by the life running through things, is called by the name of divinity

Words 8–9 · 1 of 5

يُسَمَّى لَاهُوتًا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿يسمى لاهوتا﴾

لأن الحياة صفة إلهية تستلزم صفات إلهية أخرى كالعلم والإرادة والقدرة

because life is a divine attribute that necessarily entails other divine attributes, such as knowledge, will, and power

al-Qāshānī

﴿هو المحل القائم به ذلك الروح﴾

بل صفاته السارية منه فيه ، فإن الروح ليس قائما بالمحل بل القائم بها هو الصفات السارية من الروح إليه ، والناسوت وإن كان مأخوذا من الناس ليس مخصوصا به بل يطلق عليه وعلى غيره باعتبار محليته لصفات الروح وقيامها به . ولما كان اسم الروح يطلق على الصورة وعلى الصورة المثالية الجبريلية أراد أن ينبه على أنه على سبيل التجوز فقال ( فتسمى الناسوت روحا ) اهـ جامى . "" قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

— rather, [in which subsist] its attributes flowing from it into it; for the spirit does not subsist in the locus, but rather what subsists in it are the attributes flowing from the spirit into it. And the nāsūt (humanity), though derived from "al-nās" (mankind), is not restricted to it, but is applied to it and to other than it in respect of its being a locus for the attributes of the spirit and their subsisting in it. And since the name "spirit" is applied to the form and to the imaginal Gabrielian form, he wished to indicate that this is by way of figurative usage (tajawwuz), so he said: "thus the nāsūt is named spirit" — end of Jāmī['s commentary]. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Jandī

﴿والناسوت هو المحلّ القائم به ذلك الروح ، فسمّي الناسوت روحا بما قام به﴾

يعني رضي الله عنه : بالتضمّن ، ولكن إذا كان الروح قائما بصورة إنسانية يسمّى ناسوتا بالحقيقة ، وإذا قام بغير الصورة الإنسانية ، قد يسمّى ناسوتا بالمجاز ، لكونه محلا للَّاهوت . قال رضي الله عنه

He — may God be pleased with him — means: by implication (bi'l-taḍammun). But when the spirit subsists in a human form, it is truly called nāsūt; when it subsists in other than the human form, it may be called nāsūt metaphorically, since it is a locus for the lāhūt.

Jāmī

﴿والناسوت هو المحل القائم به وذلك الروح﴾

بل صفاته السارية منه فيه ، فإن الروح ليس قائما بالمحل بل القائم به إنما هو الصفات السارية من الروح إليه ، قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( فلما تمثل الروح الأمين الذي هو جبريل لمريم عليهما السلام بشرا سويا تخيلت أنه بشر يريد مواقعتها، فاستعاذت بالله منه استعاذة بجمعية منها ليخلصها الله منه لما تعلم أن ذلك مما لا يجوز. فلو نفخ فيها في ذلك الوقت على هذه الحالة لخرج عيسى لا يطيقه أحد لشكاسة خلقه لحال أمه. فلما قال لها «إنما أنا رسول ربك» جئت «لأهب لك غلاما زكيا» انبسطت عن ذلك القبض وانشرح صدرها. فالناسوت إن كان مأخوذا من الناس ليس مخصوصا به بل يطلق عليه وعلى غيره باعتبار محليته لصفات الروح وقيامها به ، ولما كان اسم الروح يطلق على الصورة المشهودة العيسوية وعلى الصورة المثالية الجبريلية ، أراد أن ينبه على أنه على سبيل التجوز فقال : ( فيسمى الناسوت روحا ) ، كما قلناه في عيسى وجبريل عليهما السلام

- rather, [sustained] by its attributes that permeate from it into [the locus]; for the spirit itself does not subsist in the locus - rather, what subsists in it are the attributes that permeate from the spirit to it. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (So when the trustworthy Spirit, who is Gabriel, represented himself to Mary, peace be upon them both, as a well-proportioned human, she imagined that he was a human wishing to have intercourse with her, so she sought refuge in God from him - a seeking of refuge with [her] whole being - that God might deliver her from him, since she knew that this was something impermissible. Had he breathed into her at that moment, in that state, Jesus would have emerged such that no one could bear him, on account of the harshness of his character, due to his mother's condition. But when he said to her, "I am only the messenger of your Lord" [come] "to bestow upon you a pure boy," she relaxed from that constriction and her breast was opened wide. Thus nāsūt, though derived from "nās" (humankind), is not restricted to it, but is applied to it and to other than it, considering its being a locus for the attributes of the spirit and their subsisting in it. And since the name "spirit" is applied both to the witnessed form of Jesus and to the imaginal form of Gabriel, [the Shaykh] intended to indicate that this [application of "nāsūt" to "spirit"] is figurative, saying:) (thus nāsūt is called spirit) - as we have said regarding Jesus and Gabriel, peace be upon them both.

Bālī Zāde

﴿والناسوت هو المحل القائم به ذلك الروح﴾

فالناسوت هو البدن

is the locus in which that spirit subsists] for the humanity is the body

Ibn Turka

﴿فسمّي الناسوت﴾

- مثل عيسى مثلا -

- such as Jesus, for example -

Bālī Zāde

﴿فسمي الناسوت روحا بما﴾

أي بسبب الذي ( قام ) هو ( به ) أي الناسوت وقد يسمى المجموع روحا لقوله عليه السلام : « وهو روح منه » . فلما تمثل الروح الأمين الذي هو جبرائيل لمريم عليها السلام بشرا سويا تخيلت مريم ( أنه ) أي جبرائيل

i.e. by reason of that which ("it subsisted") i.e. the humanity ("by it") i.e. the humanity — and sometimes the aggregate [of both] is called a spirit, in accordance with His saying, peace be upon him: "and he is a spirit from Him." So when the Faithful Spirit, who is Jibrāʾīl, took form for Mary, peace be upon her, as a well-proportioned human being, Mary imagined that he

Ibn Turka

﴿روحا بما قام به﴾

أي لقيام الروح به وظهور أحكامه منه بلا تلبّس وتشوّب . فكأنّه هو ، كما قيل : رقّ الزجاج ورقّت الخمر %~% فتشابها فتشاكل الأمر فكأنما خمر ، ولا قدح %~% وكأنما قدح ، ولا خمر سويّا ) أي معتدلا سنّا وخلقة ، فإنّ من شأن الأعلى أن يقدر على تصوّره بصورة الأنزل كيفما شاء ، فلمّا رأت تلك الصورة بشبابها وحسنها ، لاعتدالها سنّا وخلقة

that is, because of the subsistence of the spirit through it and the manifestation of its determinations from it without any admixture or confusion. So it was as if it were he [the spirit] itself, as was said: "The glass grew thin and the wine grew thin, / so the two resembled each other, and the matter became alike; / it was as if it were wine with no cup, / and as if it were a cup with no wine." [Text: balanced] that is, moderate in age and constitution, for it is the way of the higher to be able to represent itself in the form of the lower, however it wishes. So when that form was seen in its youthfulness and beauty, owing to its balance in age and constitution

Jāmī

﴿بما قام به﴾

أي باسم ما قام به باعتبار قيام صفاته وظهورها فيه تسمية للمحل باسم الحال

that is, by the name of that which subsists in it, considering the subsisting of its attributes and their manifestation within it - naming the locus by the name of what occupies it.

al-Qāshānī

﴿فلما تمثل الروح الأمين الذي هو جبريل لمريم عليها السلام " بَشَراً سَوِيًّا " تخيلت أنه بشر يريد مواقعتها فاستعاذت باللَّه منه استعاذة بجمعية منها أي بكلية وجودها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وجوامع هممها بحيث صارت منخلعة من جميع الجهات إلى الله قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

a totality within her — that is, by the entirety of her existence"] and the comprehensive concentration of her aspirations (himam), such that she became wholly divested from every direction, [turning] unto God. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Jandī

﴿فلمّا تمثّل الروح الأمين الذي هو جبرئيل عليه السّلام لمريم بشرا سويّا ، تخيّلت أنّه بشر يريد مواقعتها ، فاستعاذت بالله منه استعاذة تجمّعيّة منها ليخلَّصها الله منه ، لما تعلم أنّ ذلك ممّا لا يجوز ، فحصل لها حضور تامّ مع الله وهو الروح المعنوي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني رضي الله عنه : أنّ حضورها لأجل التنفيس عنها استدعى روحا معنويا ، لأنّه لا يكون إلَّا بتجلّ نفسي رحماني في معنى الإنسان . قال رضي الله عنه

He — may God be pleased with him — means: that her presence, for the sake of being relieved, called forth a meaningful spirit, for this can only occur through a psychic, All-Merciful self-disclosure (tajallī nafsī raḥmānī) within the inner reality of the human being.

Jāmī

﴿فلما تمثل الروح الأمين الذي هو جبريل لمريم عليهما السلام بشرا سويا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي تام الخلقة . ( تخيلت ) مريم

i.e., of perfect form. (Mary imagined/fancied)

Ibn Turka

﴿تخيّلت أنّه بشر يريد مواقعتها ، فاستعاذت باللَّه منه استعاذة بجمعيّة منها﴾

ضرورة انضباط تلك الصورة البشريّة في متخيّلتها عند الاستعاذة

necessitated by the containment of that human form within her imaginative faculty (mutakhayyilah) at the moment of seeking refuge

Jāmī

﴿أنه بشر يريد مواقعتها فاستعاذت باللّه منه استعاذة بجمعية﴾

أي بجمعية الهمم والقوى ( منها ) ، أي من مريم

i.e., through a gathering of aspirations and faculties, (from her), i.e., from Mary

Bālī Zāde

﴿بشر يريد مواقعتها فاستعاذت باللّه منه استعاذة بجمعية منها﴾

أي استعاذة بجميع قواها الروحانية من نفسه

i.e. a seeking of refuge with all of her spiritual faculties, from his own self

al-Qāshānī

﴿ليخلصها الله منه لما تعلم أن ذلك مما لا يجوز ، فحصل لها حضور تام مع الله وهو الروح المعنوي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لأن حضورها مع الله نفس عنها الحرج الذي بها ، فحصل لها روح معنوي لا يكون إلا بتجل نفسي رحماني . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

for her presence with God dispelled from her the distress that was upon her, so she attained a spiritual repose that occurs only through a psychic, Compassionate (raḥmānī) self-disclosure. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿ليخلصها الله منه ، لما تعلم أن ذلك مما لا يجوز ، فحصل لها حضور تامّ … مع الله﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وذلك الحضور ( هو الروح المعنويّ ) لعيسى . ومن هنا يقال له

and that presence (is the spiritual/meaningful spirit, al-rūḥ al-maʿnawī) of Jesus. And it is from this that he is called

Jāmī

﴿ليخلصها اللّه منه لما كانت … تعلم أن ذلك مما لا يجوز﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في الشرائع ( فحصل لها عند حصول تلك الجمعية حضور تام مع اللّه سبحانه ) ، بحيث لا يسع غيره . وفي النسخة المقروءة على الشيخ رضي اللّه عنه ، فحصل من التحصيل ، أي جبريل لها ، أي لمريم حضورا تاما مع اللّه سبحانه ( وهو ) ، أي هذا الحضور وهو

in the religious laws (sharāʾiʿ). (So there occurred for her, upon the occurrence of that gathering, a complete presence with God, Glory be to Him), such that it left no room for anything other than Him. In the manuscript read before the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, [it reads] 'fa-ḥaṣala' from 'taḥṣīl' [procuring], i.e., Gabriel procured for her, i.e., for Mary, a complete presence with God, Glory be to Him (and it), i.e., this presence, is

Bālī Zāde

﴿ليخلصها اللّه منه لما تعلم … أن ذلك … مما لا يجوز﴾

للإنسان أن يفعله

for a human being to do

Words 56–57 · 1 of 5

فَحَصَّلَ لَهَا

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿فحصل لها﴾

بسبب هذه الاستعاذة ( حضور تام مع اللّه ) على وجه لا يبقى مناسبته خليقية لها . ( وهو ) أي الحضور التام

by reason of this seeking of refuge ("a complete presence with God") in such a manner that no created relation remained for her. ("And it is") i.e. the complete presence

Words 60–61 · 1 of 5

مَعَ اللهِ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿مع الله﴾

قال القيصري : « فحصّل لها حضورا تامّا » من التحصيل ، أي حصّل جبرئيل لمريم عليهما السلام الحضور التام

al-Qayṣarī said: "so he produced for her a complete presence" - from taḥṣīl, meaning: Gabriel, peace be upon them both, produced for Mary the complete presence

Note by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) of the ibnalarabi.com text, not by Ibn Turka

Jāmī

﴿الروح المعنوي﴾

الذي حييت به مريم الحياة المعنوية الحقيقية التي هي التحقق بشهود الحق سبحانه ، فلروح آخر غير الروح الأمين دخل في وجود عيسى عليه السلام الذي هو أيضا روح ( فلو نفخ جبريل فيها ) ، أي في مريم في ذلك الوقت . أي وقت استعاذتها

by which Mary was given the true spiritual life, which is realization through witnessing of the Real, Glory be to Him. So it was another spirit, other than the Trustworthy Spirit, that entered into the existence of Jesus, peace be upon him, who is also a spirit. (So had Gabriel breathed into her), i.e., into Mary, at that time, i.e., the time of her seeking refuge

Bālī Zāde

﴿الروح المعنوي﴾

فلما حصلت هذه الحالة لمريم لم ينفخ جبرئيل فيها في ذلك الوقت

so when this state occurred to Mary, Jibrāʾīl did not breathe into her at that time

al-Qāshānī

﴿فلو نفخ فيها في ذلك الوقت على هذه الحالة لخرج عيسى لا يطيقه أحد لشكاسة خلقه لحال أمه﴾

لأن الروح في كل محل يظهر بحسب حال المحل ، فلو كان نفخ الروح فيها في حال الاستعاذة ، وهي حال التحرج والضجر من تخيلها وقوع الفاحشة من البشر الذي تمثل لها ، وكان في صورة التقى النجار لجاء عيسى منقبضا شكس الخلق على صور حال أمه لأنها لما رأته وكانت مقبلة إلى الله زاهدة في الدنيا حصورة عن النكاح تضجرت وحرجت نفسها مما رأت ، فعلم الروح الأمين منها ذلك فآنسها بقوله – " إِنَّما أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ " . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

for the spirit manifests in every locus according to the state of that locus. Had the breathing of the spirit into her occurred in the state of seeking refuge — a state of distress and vexation at her imagining the occurrence of indecency from the human form that had appeared to her, [a form] in the likeness of the pious carpenter — Jesus would have emerged constricted, harsh of character, in accordance with the form of his mother's state. For when she saw him — and she was one turned toward God, renouncing the world, chaste and withholding herself from marriage — she was vexed and distressed in herself at what she saw. The trustworthy Spirit knew this of her, so he reassured her by his saying: "I am only the messenger of your Lord." The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Jandī

﴿فلو نفخ فيها في ذلك الوقت على تلك الحالة ، خرج عيسى لا يطيقه أحد ، لشكاسة خلقه لحال أمّه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني : أنّ ظهور الروح وتعيّنه في كل محلّ إنّما يكون يحسب حال ، فلمّا كانت حال مريم عليها السّلام حال الاستعاذة والضجر والتحرّج من تخيّلها وقوع المواقعة ، فلمّا رأت صورة بشرية على صورة التقيّ النجّار ، وكانت متبتّلة إلى الله ، زاهدة في الدنيا وفي النكاح ، حصورة ، فخرجت نفسها ممّا رأت ، فلو نفخ جبرئيل فيها روح الله وكلمته وأمانته على تلك الحالة ، لسرت حالتها في الروح ، فخرج كذلك منكَّس الخلق لا يطيقه أحد ، فعلم الروح الأمين منها ذلك ، فأنسها بقوله

Meaning: the manifestation of the spirit and its determination (taʿayyun) in every locus occurs according to the state of that locus. Since Mary's, peace be upon her, state was one of seeking refuge, distress, and constriction from her imagining that intercourse was taking place — when she saw a human form in the likeness of the pious carpenter, and she was one devoted to God, ascetic toward the world and toward marriage, chaste — her soul recoiled from what she saw. Had Gabriel breathed into her the Spirit of God, His Word, and His Trust in that state, her state would have coursed into the spirit, and he would have emerged correspondingly perverse in character, such that no one could bear him. The Trustworthy Spirit perceived this in her, so he reassured her by saying

Ibn Turka

﴿فلو نفخ فيها … في ذلك الوقت﴾

- يعني عند حضورها -

- that is, at the moment of her presence [with God] -

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلو نفخ فيها في ذلك الوقت﴾

حال كون مريم

while Mary was

Ibn Turka

﴿على هذه الحالة﴾

- وهي حالة توحّشها وانقباضها من الصورة البشريّة -

- namely, her state of estrangement and contraction from the human form -

Jāmī

﴿على هذه الحالة﴾

التي كانت عليها من تحرج صدرها وضجرها لتخيلها أنه بشر يريد مواقعتها على وجه لا يجوز في الشرائع ( لخرج عيسى عليه السلام ) بحيث

which she was in, of constriction and distress of her breast, from her fancying that he was a human being wanting to have intercourse with her in a manner not permitted in the religious laws, (Jesus, peace be upon him, would have come forth) such that

Bālī Zāde

﴿على هذه الحالة﴾

أي على الحضور التام مع اللّه ( لخرج عيسى عليه السلام لا يطيقه أحد لشكاسة ) أي لصعوبة ( خلقه بحال أمه ) لأن الولد يتبع الأم في الصفات والأخلاق

i.e. in the state of complete presence with God, Jesus, peace be upon him, would have emerged such that no one could bear him, on account of the harshness, i.e. the difficulty, of his character, [owing] to his mother's state, for the child follows the mother in attributes and character traits

Ibn Turka

﴿لخرج عيسى لا يطيقه أحد ، لشكاسة خلقه﴾

- أي لصعوبة خلقه وعبوسه -

- that is, owing to the difficulty and sternness of his character -

Words 76–77 · 1 of 5

لَا يُطِيقُهُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿لا يطيقه أحد لشكاسة خلقه … لحال أمه﴾

أي لسراية حال أمه فيه لأن الولد إنما يتكون بحسب ما غلب على الوالدين من المعاني النفسانية والصور الجسمانية

i.e., because of the pervasion of his mother's state into him, for the child is formed in accordance with whatever psychic meanings and bodily forms predominated in the two parents

Words 81–82 · 1 of 5

لِحَالِ أُمِّهِ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿لحال امّه﴾

وسرايتها في الولد - لما مهّد آنفا من ترتّب الصورة الكماليّة الفصليّة على المادّة الاميّة الجنسيّة

and its permeation into the child - as was prepared just before regarding the dependence of the specific perfecting form upon the generic maternal matter

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.