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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

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4 · 77 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَلَمَّا قَالَ لَهَا إِنَّمَآ أَنَا۠ رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ جِئْتُ لِأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلَـٰمًا زَكِيًّا انْبَسَطَتْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ القَبْضِ وَانْشَرَحَ صَدْرُهَا فَنَفَخَ فِيهَا فِي ذَلِكَ الحِينِ عِيسَىٰ فَكَانَ جِبْرَئِيلُ نَاقِلًا كَلِمَةَ اللهِ لِمَرْيَمَ كَمَا يَنْقُلُ الرَّسُولُ كَلَامَ اللهِ لِأُمَّتِهِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ وَكَلِمَتُهُۥٓ أَلْقَىٰهَآ إِلَىٰ مَرْيَمَ وَرُوحٌ مِّنْهُ فَسَرَتِ الشَّهْوَةُ فِي مَرْيَمَ فَخُلِقَ جِسْمُ عِيسَىٰ مِنْ مَاءٍ مُحَقَّقٍ مِنْ مَرْيَمَ وَمِنْ مَاءٍ مُتَوَهَّمٍ مِنْ جِبْرَئِيلُ سَرَىٰ فِي رُطُوبَةِ ذَلِكَ النَّفْخِ لِأَنَّ النَّفْخَ مِنَ الجِسْمِ الحَيَوَانِيِّ رَطْبٌ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنْ رُكْنِ المَاءِ

Then, when he said to her, "I am only the messenger of your Lord" [Q 19:19], [and] I have come "to grant you a pure boy" [Q 19:19], she was released from that contraction, and her breast was expanded. So at that moment he blew Jesus into her. Thus Gabriel was a transmitter of God's word to Mary, just as the messenger transmits God's speech to his community; and that is His saying: "And His word, which He cast to Mary, and a spirit from Him" [Q 4:171]. Then desire pervaded Mary, and so the body of Jesus was created from an actual (realized) water from Mary and from an imagined (supposed) water from Gabriel, which pervaded the moisture of that blowing; for blowing from the animal body is moist, because of the element of water that is in it.

On the whole passage · 3 of 5

al-Qāshānī

﴿فلما قال له – "إِنَّما أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ " - جئت – " لأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلاماً زَكِيًّا " - انبسطت عن ذلك القبض وانشرح صدرها فنفخ فيها ذلك الحين عيسى ، فكان جبريل ناقلا كلمة الله لمريم كما ينقل الرسول كلام الله لأمته وهو قوله – " وكَلِمَتُه أَلْقاها إِلى مَرْيَمَ ورُوحٌ مِنْه " - فسرت الشهوة في مريم ، فخلق جسم عيسى من ماء محقق من مريم ، ومن ماء متوهم من جبريل سرى في رطوبة ذلك النفخ ، لأن النفخ من الجسم الحاوانى رطب لما فيه من ركن الماء ، فتكون جسم عيسى من ماء متوهم ومن ماء محقق ، وخرج على صورة البشر من أجل أمه ومن أجل تمثل جبريل في صورة البشر ، حتى لا يقع التكوين في هذا النوع الإنسانى إلا على الحكم المعتاد﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إنما سرت الشهوة في مريم حين قال لها ما قال ، لأنها آنست حين كانت في محرابها بقول الملائكة في قوله تعالى –"إِذْ قالَتِ الْمَلائِكَةُ يا مَرْيَمُ إِنَّ الله يُبَشِّرُكِ بِكَلِمَةٍ مِنْه اسْمُه الْمَسِيحُ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ . وَجِيهاً في الدُّنْيا والآخِرَةِ ومن الْمُقَرَّبِينَ " – فكانت منتظرة من الله إنجاز وعده . فلما سمعت قول جبريل تذكرت وعلمت أنه حان وقت ذلك وانبسطت ودنا منها جبريل في صورة البشر عند النفخ فتحركت شهوتها بحكم البشرية لأن أكثر هيجان الشهوة في النساء وقت النقاء من الحيض ، وكان انتباذها من فوتها للاغتسال وقت انقطاع الدم ، وكان الوقت وقت غلبة الشهوة ودنو جبرائيل منها في صورة الشاب الحسن ، وتصورت أنه وقت إنجاز وعد ربها – " لأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلاماً زَكِيًّا " . فاجتمعت الموافقة لما قدر الله من غلبة الشهوة وتمنى ما بشر الله بها وفرح بمداناة الشاب المليح ، فتحركت الشهوة كما في الاحتلام بعينه ، فاحتلمت وجرى ماؤها مع النفخ إلى الرحم النقي الطاهر فعلقت وخلق من ماء محقق من مريم ومن ماء متوهم متخيل من نفخ جبريل . لأن النفخ من الحيوان رطب فيه أجزاء لطيفة مائية بالفعل مع أجزاء هوائية سريعة المصير إلى الماء ، واجتمع الماءان المحقق والمتكون لتوهمها من مادة النفخ فتكون جسم عيسى روح الله منهما في وقت غلب على أمه البسط والروح بتحقق ما بشرت به في تصورها . فخرج منشرح الصدر طليق الوجه متبشرا بساطا حسن الصورة غالبا عليه البسط والماء المتوهم ، جاز أن يكون من توهمها أن الولد لا يكون إلا من ماء الرجل فخلق الماء من النفخ بقوة وهمها. وأن يكون من جهة جبريل لأنه سلطان العناصر يقدر أن يجرى من نفسه الرحماني روح الماء في النفخ فيجعله ماء ، وأما كون عيسى على صورة البشر فلانتسابه إلى أمه ولتمثل جبريل في صورة البشر السوي فكان تكونه على السنة المعتادة والحكمة المتعارفة . ولأن أشرف الصور هي الصورة الإنسانية المخلوقة على صورة الله تعالى المكرمة عند الله ، ولأن الله لا يتجلى في الحضرات الإيجادية إلا في صورة النوع الذي يوجده أي نوع كان . ولهذا لما خمر طينة آدم بيده أربعين صباحا كان متجليا في صورة إنسانية . ولهذا قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : حتى لا يقع التكوين الإنسانى إلا على الحكم المعتاد في هذا النوع ، فإن تكوين عيسى كان في هذا النوع . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

. Gabriel was thus conveying the Word of God to Mary just as the Messenger conveys the speech of God to his community — and that is His saying: 'and His Word which He cast unto Mary, and a spirit from Him.' Thus desire flowed within Mary, and the body of Jesus was created from an actual (muḥaqqaq) water from Mary, and from a supposed (mutawahham) water from Gabriel that flowed in the moisture of that breath — for the breath of any animate body is moist, due to the element of water within it. Thus the body of Jesus came to be from a supposed water and an actual water, and he emerged in the form of a human being because of his mother and because of Gabriel's appearance in human form, so that the coming-into-being in this human species would occur only according to the customary rule"] — Desire flowed within Mary only when he said to her what he said, for she had, while in her sanctuary (miḥrāb), taken comfort in the saying of the angels, in His words — Exalted is He: "When the angels said: O Mary, God gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him, whose name is the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, honored in this world and the next, and among those brought near [to God]" — so she was awaiting from God the fulfillment of His promise. When she heard Gabriel's words, she remembered and knew that the time for that had arrived, and she relaxed; and Gabriel drew near to her in human form at the moment of breathing, so her desire was stirred in accordance with the rule of human nature — for the surge of desire in women is greatest at the time of purity from menstruation. Her withdrawal [to that place] had been at the time she had missed for the ritual bath at the cessation of the blood, and the moment was one in which desire prevailed, with Gabriel drawing near to her in the form of a handsome youth; and she imagined that it was the moment of the fulfillment of her Lord's promise: "that I may bestow upon you a pure boy." Thus there coincided together what God had decreed of the prevailing of desire, her yearning for what God had given her glad tidings of, and her joy at the nearness of the comely youth; so desire was stirred exactly as in a nocturnal emission (iḥtilām), and she experienced an emission, and her water flowed together with the breath into the pure, undefiled womb, and she conceived. Thus [Jesus] was created from an actual water from Mary and from a supposed, imagined water from Gabriel's breath. For the breath of any animal is moist, containing subtle watery particles in actuality together with airy particles swiftly tending toward [becoming] water; and the two waters — the actual one, and the one formed by her supposition from the substance of the breath — came together, so that the body of Jesus, the Spirit of God, was composed of both of them, at a time when expansion (bast) and spirit prevailed over his mother through the realization, in her imagination, of what she had been given glad tidings of. So he emerged with an expanded breast, open-faced, rejoicing, cheerful, of comely form, with expansion and the supposed water predominating over him. It is permissible that this be due to her supposition that a child can only come from the water of a man — so the water was created from the breath by the power of her supposition; and [it is also permissible] that it be on the part of Gabriel, since he is the sovereign of the elements, able to cause the spirit of water to flow from his Compassionate (raḥmānī) self in the breath, thereby rendering it water. As for Jesus's being in human form — this was due to his affiliation with his mother, and to Gabriel's appearance in a sound human form; so his coming-into-being followed the customary way (sunna) and the familiar wisdom. And [this is also] because the noblest of forms is the human form, created upon the form of God, Exalted is He, honored before God; and because God discloses Himself in the loci of existentiation (ḥaḍarāt al-ījādiyya) only in the form of the species which He brings into existence, whatever species it may be. For this reason, when He leavened the clay of Adam with His own Hand for forty mornings, He was self-disclosing in a human form. For this reason the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: "so that the human coming-into-being would occur only according to the customary rule in this species" — for indeed the coming-into-being of Jesus occurred within this species. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿عيسى: فكان جبريل ناقلا كلمة الله لمريم كما ينقل الرسول كلام الله لأمته، وهو قوله «وكلمته ألقاها إلى مريم وروح منه». فسرت الشهوة في مريم: فخلق جسم عيسى من ماء محقق من مريم ومن ماء متوهم من جبريل، سرى في رطوبة ذلك النفخ لأن النفخ من الجسم الحيواني رطب لما فيه من ركن الماء. فتكون جسم عيسى من ماء متوهم وماء محقق، وخرج على صورة البشر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الملائكة " إِذْ قالَتِ الْمَلائِكَةُ يا مَرْيَمُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُبَشِّرُكِ بِكَلِمَةٍ مِنْهُ اسْمُهُ الْمَسِيحُ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَجِيهاً فِي الدُّنْيا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَمِنَ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ " [ مريم : 45 ]

Jesus: Gabriel was transmitting the Word of God to Mary just as the Messenger transmits the speech of God to his community, and this is [indicated by] His saying, 'And His Word which He cast unto Mary, and a Spirit from Him.' So desire flowed in Mary: the body of Jesus was created from an actual (muḥaqqaq) water from Mary and an imagined (mutawahham) water from Gabriel, which pervaded in the moisture of that breath, because the breath from the animal body is moist due to the element of water within it. Thus the body of Jesus was formed from an imagined water and an actual water, and he came forth in the form of a human being — [as in the words of] the angels: 'When the angels said: O Mary, God gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him, whose name is the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, honored in this world and the next, and among those brought near' (Mary 19:45)

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلما قال له – "إِنَّما أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ " - جئت – " لأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلاماً زَكِيًّا " - انبسطت عن ذلك القبض وانشرح صدرها فنفخ فيها ذلك الحين عيسى ، فكان جبريل ناقلا كلمة الله لمريم كما ينقل الرسول كلام الله لأمته وهو قوله – " وكَلِمَتُه أَلْقاها إِلى مَرْيَمَ ورُوحٌ مِنْه " - فسرت الشهوة في مريم ، فخلق جسم عيسى من ماء محقق من مريم ، ومن ماء متوهم من جبريل سرى في رطوبة ذلك النفخ ، لأن النفخ من الجسم الحاوانى رطب لما فيه من ركن الماء ، فتكون جسم عيسى من ماء متوهم ومن ماء محقق ، وخرج على صورة البشر من أجل أمه ومن أجل تمثل جبريل في صورة البشر ، حتى لا يقع التكوين في هذا النوع الإنسانى إلا على الحكم المعتاد﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( من ماء متوهم ومن ماء محقق ) فكان لكل واحد منهما خواص تظهر من عيسى اهـ . بالى فإن حفظ هذه الصورة الشريفة واجب على أنه لو لم يكن على هذه الصورة لما كان نبيا مبعوثا إليهم لعدم بقاء المناسبة بينه وبينهم هذه الصورة صورة الآيات أو صورة عيسى

(from an imagined water and an actual water) — so each of the two had properties that appeared from Jesus. End [of quotation]. Bāl: for the preservation of this noble form is obligatory, since had he not been in this form he would not have been a prophet sent to them, due to the absence of the continuance of the correspondence between him and them — this form being the form of the signs or the form of Jesus

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8041); moved here

Ibn Turka

﴿فلمّا " قالَ إِنَّما أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ " جئت " لأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلاماً زَكِيًّا " [ 19 / 19 ] انبسطت عن ذلك القبض﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

برفعه حجب الوحشة ، وبسطه معها بساط التكلَّم والخطاب ، بما ينبئ عن رقيقة نسبته إليها ، مبشّرا إيّاها بأنّه مرسل إليها من عند ربّها

"that I may bestow upon you a pure boy" (19:19), she relaxed from that contraction] by his lifting the veils of estrangement, and by his spreading out with her the carpet of speech and address, in a manner that conveyed the delicate relation (nisba) he bore toward her, giving her glad tidings that he was sent to her from her Lord

Jāmī

﴿فلما قال﴾

جبريل ( لها ) ، أي لمريم

— Gabriel — (to her), i.e., to Mary

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلما قال … لها :إِنَّما أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ لِأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلاماً زَكِيًّاانبسطت عن ذلك القبض وانشرح صدرها فنفخ فيها في ذلك الحين عيسى عليه السلام فكان جبرائيل ناقلا كلمة اللّه لمريم كما ينقل الرسول كلام اللّه لأمته وهو﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي تلك الكلمة المنقولة عن جبرائيل إلى مريم . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( قوله تعالى وَكَلِمَتُهُ أَلْقاها إِلى مَرْيَمَ وَرُوحٌ مِنْهُ) وتذكير الضمير باعتبار عيسى عليه السلام أو باعتبار ما بعده فإذا نفخ فيه

i.e., that word conveyed from Gabriel to Mary. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (His saying, Exalted is He: "And His Word which He cast unto Mary, and a spirit from Him") — the masculine pronoun is used with regard to Jesus, peace be upon him, or with regard to what follows. So when it was breathed into him

al-Jandī

﴿إِنَّما أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ لأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلاماً زَكِيًّا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

تذكَّرت وزال عنها القبض ، فسرت الشهوة من حيث ما اشتهرت ، وتمنّت وقوع ما بشّرها الله به ، فنفخ أمين الله عند انشراح صدرها روح الله . فخرج منشرح الصدر ، غالبا عليه البسط ، حسن الصورة ، بسّاما ، طليق الوجه ، مستبشرة ، رزقنا الله وإيّاك الاجتماع به يقظة ورؤيا في الدنيا والآخرة ، إنّه قدير . وأمّا خلق جسم عيسى عليه السّلام من ماء محقّق فمن حيث سراية الشهوة فيها ، ومن ماء متوهّم فمن حيث توهّم مريم أنّ الرسول بشر أو روح في صورة بشرية ، وإذا ظهر الروح في صورة بشرية بأمر الله لإيجاد الولد ، فبما زعمت عرفا لا يكون إلَّا من ماء الرجل ، فتأثّرت بالوهم ، فوجد من ذلك ماء روحاني نوراني ، منه خلق جسم الروح صلوات الله عليه ثمّ الروح لمّا لم يكن جسمانيا وليس فيه ماء حسيّ عرفا ، ولكن في قانون التحقيق لمّا تحقّقت ممّا أسلفنا في هذا الكتاب أنّ الأرواح وإن كانت غير متحيّزة ولكن في قوّتها ومن شأنها أنّها شاءت أو شاء الحق . ظهرت في صورة متمثّلة كالمتحيّز وحينئذ أضيف إليها ما يضاف إلى تلك الصورة الجسمية من الأوصاف والأحكام واللوازم ، فلمّا ظهر الروح الأمين لمريم في صورة من شأنها أن يكون الولد عند التوليد من مائها ، أعني صورة البشر السويّ ، أي التامّ الخلق . فتوهّمت عليها السّلام من حيث هذا السرّ مضافا إلى ما ذكر قبل أن يكون الولد من ماء وبه النفخ الواقع من الصورة الجبرئيلية التمثيلية في صورة البشر . فظهرت رطوبة الحياة الروحية من ذلك الريح المنفوخ وهو هواء حارّ رطب ، ولا سيّما وجبرئيل سلطان العناصر أجرى في نفسه الرحماني روح الماء والحياة الذي عليه عرش الرحمن ، فتكون صورة الروح الظاهرة من هذا الماء الروحاني الإلهي الرحماني الساري في الماء البشري المريمي القدسي . وأمّا خروجه على صورة البشر فلأنّ صورته نتيجة الصورة البشرية من جانب جبرئيل ومن جانب أمّه ، فأشبه الأصل ، ولما ذكره سلام الله عليه فاذكر ، حتى لا يكون التكوين والإيجاد الإنسانى إلَّا بالصورة الإنسانية تشريفا لهذه الصورة وتنزيها أن يتكوّن إلَّا عن الإنسان في الإنسان . فإنّ خلق الإنسان مخصوص بالله من كونه متجلَّيا في صورة إنسانية ، ولهذا خمّر طينة آدم بيديه أربعين صباحا ، فكان الله تبارك وتعالى يتجلَّى في صورة إنسانية وتخمّر طينة في مادّة نورية لاهوتية . من حيث الأحدية الجمعية البرزخية العظمى التي مرّ مرارا ذكرها ، فتذكَّر ، وكذلك الله ما تجلَّى من حضرة من الحضرات لإيجاد نوع أو جنس فما دونها وما فوقها إلَّا على صورة ذلك النوع والجنس والصنف والشخص الذي يريد إيجاده كائنا ما كان . وبعد خلقه تامّا كاملا ارتضاه صورة له ، وكان هو ربّه وروحه ، فهو صورة أنانيّة الحقّ ، وهويتها - من حيث ذلك التجلَّي الأوّل الذي تجلَّى لإيجاده - على صورة عينه الثابتة ، فافهم - وما أظنّك تفهم - إن شاء الله العليم . قال رضي الله عنه

She remembered and the constriction left her, so the desire flowed from whence it became renowned, and she longed for the occurrence of what God had given her glad tidings of. So the trustworthy one of God, upon the expansion of her breast, blew the spirit of God. He emerged with an expanded breast, expansion predominating over him, of goodly form, smiling, open of countenance, glad - may God grant us and you meeting with him, waking and in vision, in this world and the next; indeed He is Powerful. As for the creation of the body of Jesus, peace be upon him, from an actualized (muḥaqqaq) water - this is from the aspect of the pervasion of desire within her; and from an imagined (mutawahham) water - this is from the aspect of Mary's supposing that the messenger was a human being or a spirit in human form. For when the spirit appears in human form by God's command for the engendering of the child, then according to what she supposed by convention, it could only be from the man's water. So she was affected by this supposition, and from that there resulted a spiritual, luminous water, from which the body of the spirit - prayers of God be upon him - was created. Then, since the spirit was not corporeal and there was in it, by convention, no sensory water - yet in the canon of verification (taḥqīq), once it was verified, as we established earlier in this book, that spirits, although not spatially located, yet it is within their power and their nature that if they will, or if the Real wills, they appear in a represented form as though spatially located, and then whatever is predicated of that corporeal form - of descriptions, judgments, and necessary concomitants - is attributed to them. So when the Trustworthy Spirit appeared to Mary in a form whose nature is such that the child, at generation, comes from her water - I mean the form of a well-proportioned human being, that is, complete in creation - then Mary, peace be upon her, from this secret, in addition to what was mentioned before, supposed that the child would be from water, and with it the blowing that occurred from the represented Gabrielic form in the shape of a human being. So the moisture of spiritual life appeared from that blown breath, which is a hot, moist air - especially since Gabriel, the sovereign of the elements, caused to flow within his Merciful self the spirit of water and life upon which rests the Throne of the Merciful. Thus the form of the spirit appearing from this divine, Merciful, spiritual water, pervading in the human, Maryan, holy water. As for his emerging in human form - this is because his form is the result of the human form from Gabriel's side and from his mother's side, so he resembled the origin. And regarding what he mentioned, peace of God be upon him, so remember - so that the engendering and bringing-into-existence of the human should only be by the human form, as an honoring of this form and a declaring of incomparability (tanzīh) that nothing should be engendered except from a human within a human. For the creation of the human being is specific to God insofar as He is self-disclosed (mutajallī) in human form. This is why He kneaded the clay of Adam with His two hands for forty mornings, for God, blessed and exalted, was self-disclosing in human form, and a clay was being kneaded in a luminous, divine (lāhūtī) matter, from the aspect of the supreme, unifying, isthmus-like oneness (al-aḥadiyya al-jamʿiyya al-barzakhiyya al-ʿuẕmā) which has been mentioned many times - so remember. Likewise, God never self-disclosed from any of the Presences (ḥaḍarāt) for the bringing-into-existence of a species or genus, whether above or below it, except in the form of that species, genus, kind, or individual which He wills to bring into existence, whatever it may be. And after creating it complete and perfect, He approved it as a form for Himself, and He was its Lord and its spirit; so it is the form of the I-ness (anāniyya) of the Real, and its identity (huwiyya) - from the aspect of that first self-disclosure by which it was brought into existence - is according to the form of its fixed entity (ʿayn thābita). So understand - though I do not think you will understand - God willing, the All-Knowing. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

﴿إِنَّما أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ﴾

قال رضي الله عنه : « فلمّا قال لها

He — may God be pleased with him — said: "So when he said to her

﴿إِنَّما أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ﴾

جئت " لأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلاماً زَكِيًّا " ، انبسطت عن ذلك القبض وانشرح صدرها ، فنفخ فيها في ذلك الحين عيسى ، فكان جبرئيل ناقلا كلمة الله لمريم ، كما ينقل الرسول كلام الله لأمّته وهو قوله

— I have come to bestow upon you a pure boy," she relaxed from that constriction and her breast expanded. So he breathed into her at that moment, [and] Jesus [came to be], for Gabriel was conveying the Word of God to Mary, just as the Messenger conveys the speech of God to his community — and this is His saying

Jāmī

﴿" إِنَّما أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ " جئت﴾

من عنده (لِأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلاماً زَكِيًّا [ مريم : 19 ] انبسطت ) مريم

from Him, (to bestow upon you a pure boy) [Mary 19:19]. (Mary's breast relaxed/expanded) — [this refers to] Mary

Words 14–16 · 1 of 5

عَنْ ذَلِكَ القَبْضِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿عن ذلك القبض﴾

لما عرفت أنه مرسل إليها من عند ربه

when she knew that he was sent to her from her Lord

Ibn Turka

﴿وانشرح صدرها﴾

ببشارة مثل ذلك الغلام ، لأنّها قد بشّرت قبل هذا به . إشارة إلى قوله تعالى : " إِذْ قالَتِ الْمَلائِكَةُ يا مَرْيَمُ إِنَّ اللَّه َ يُبَشِّرُكِ بِكَلِمَةٍ مِنْه ُ اسْمُه ُ الْمَسِيحُ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَجِيهاً فِي الدُّنْيا وَالآخِرَةِ وَمِنَ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ " [ 3 / 45 ] فلمّا رأت الآثار متطابقة انشرحت بذلك

with the glad tidings of such a boy, for she had already been given glad tidings of him before this - an allusion to His saying, Exalted is He: "When the angels said: O Mary, indeed God gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him, whose name is the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, eminent in this world and the next, and among those brought near [to God]" (3:45). So when she saw the signs corresponding, she was expanded by that

Jāmī

﴿وانشرح صدرها﴾

لما تذكرت بشارة ربها إياها بعيسى إذا قالت قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

when she recalled her Lord's glad tidings to her concerning Jesus, when [the angels] said — the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said regarding

Ibn Turka

﴿فنفخ فيها في ذلك الحين عيسى﴾

إذ قد كان جبرئيل رسولا مبلَّغ ما يظهر به الروح المعنوي الحاصل من حضورها مع الله

since Gabriel had been a messenger conveying that through which the spiritual/meaningful spirit (al-rūḥ al-maʿnawī) resulting from her presence with God became manifest

Jāmī

﴿فنفخ فيها في ذلك الحين﴾

حين الانبساط والانشراح ( عيسى ) فخرج عيسى عليه السلام منبسطا منشرح الصدر لسراية حال أمه فيه

— the moment of expansion and relaxation — (Jesus). So Jesus, peace be upon him, came forth expansive, with breast relaxed, due to the pervasion of his mother's state into him

Ibn Turka

﴿فكان جبرئيل ناقلا كلمة الله لمريم . كما ينقل الرسول كلام الله لامّته﴾

والكلام هو الذي يظهر به الروح المعنويّ الحاصل من حضور كل من الأمم مع الله - فلا تغفل . وفي لفظة « عي سا » ما يلوّح على تحقيق هذا المعنى عند التفصيل والتمييز . ثمّ أنه علم من هذا الكلام أن عيسى - من حيث صورته الوجوديّة المعبّر عن ظاهرها بالكلمة ، وعن باطنها بالروح - من الله ، وجبرئيل من حيث صورته الوجوديّة ناقل له فقط . ( و ) الذي يدلّ عليه ( هو قوله

and speech (al-kalām) is that through which the spiritual/meaningful spirit resulting from the presence of each of the communities with God becomes manifest - so do not be heedless. And in the utterance "ʿĪ-SĀ" there is an indication confirming this meaning when analyzed and distinguished. Then it becomes known from this discourse that Jesus - from the standpoint of his existential form, whose outward aspect is expressed as the Word (al-kalimah) and whose inward aspect as the Spirit (al-rūḥ) - is from God, while Gabriel, from the standpoint of his existential form, is merely the conveyer of it. (And) what indicates this is (His saying

﴿فكان جبرئيل ناقلا كلمة الله لمريم . كما ينقل الرسول كلام الله لامّته﴾

لعل الشارح يعني أن « عي » صيغة خاطب من « وعي ، يعي » والسين والألف « سا » قلب الإنسان ولبه وروحه ، ومنزلة روح اللَّه من مريم منزلة روحها الذي حيّيت به والشارح يشير إلى وجود حروف الإنسان في « عي سا »

perhaps the commentator means that "ʿĪ" is the imperative form from "waʿā, yaʿī" [to comprehend/retain], and the sīn and alif "SĀ" [represent] the heart of man, his core and his spirit, and the rank of the spirit of God in relation to Mary is the rank of her own spirit by which she was given life - and the commentator is alluding to the presence of the letters of "al-insān" (the human being) within "ʿĪ-SĀ"

Note by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) of the ibnalarabi.com text, not by Ibn Turka

Jāmī

﴿فكان جبريل ناقلا كلمة اللّه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

التي هي النفس الرحماني المتعين بالتعينات العيسوية في مرتبة العلم ، فنقله جبريل إلى مرتبة العين في رحم مريم بتحصيل شرائط انتقاله من العلم ، إلى العين . فالمراد بالكلمة الحقيقة العلمية العيسوية الجامعة بين روحه وجسده الثابتة في العلم ، ويمكن أن يراد بها حقيقته الروحانية المعتين بها النفس الروحاني في مرتبة الأرواح قبل تسوية بدنه ، وتكوّن نقله عبارة عن تحصيل شرائط انتقاله من مقام تجرده إلى مرتبة تعلقه بالبدن العيسوي ، وعلى التقديرين جبريل عليه السلام هو ناقل كلمة اللّه إلى مريم لا موجدها

which is the Merciful Breath (al-nafas al-raḥmānī) entified through the Jesus-entifications in the level of knowledge. Gabriel transferred it to the level of the entity (al-ʿayn) in the womb of Mary by procuring the conditions of its transition from knowledge to entity. What is meant by 'the Word' is the cognitive reality (al-ḥaqīqa al-ʿilmiyya) of Jesus, which combines his spirit and body, fixed in [divine] knowledge. It is also possible that what is meant by it is his spiritual reality, entified by the spiritual breath in the level of spirits before the formation of his body, and that the formation of its transfer is an expression for procuring the conditions of its transition from the station of its disengagement [from matter] to the level of its attachment to the Jesus-body. On either supposition, Gabriel, peace be upon him, is the transmitter of the Word of God to Mary, not its originator

Jāmī

﴿كما ينقل الرسول كلام اللّه﴾

المجرد في حدّ ذاته عن الكيفيات الصوتية والحرفية فيكسوها بحسب استعداده بلسان الصوت والحرف وينقله ( لأمته ) ، أي إلى أمته على أن تكون اللام بمعنى إلى أو لأجل أمته ( و ) الذي يدل على كون جبريل ناقلا كلمة اللّه إلى مريم ( هو قوله تعالى : "وَكَلِمَتُهُ أَلْقاها إِلى مَرْيَمَ وَرُوحٌ مِنْهُ " [ النساء : 171] فسرت الشهوة في مريم ) بذلك النفخ الحاصل من الصورة الاعتدالية المتمثلة البشرية عند انبساطه

which, in itself, is abstracted from vocal and letter qualities, and he clothes it, according to his preparedness, in the tongue of sound and letter, and transmits it (to his community), i.e., to his community — the lām being taken in the sense of 'to' or 'for the sake of' his community. (And) what indicates that Gabriel was the transmitter of God's Word to Mary (is His saying, exalted is He: "And His Word which He cast unto Mary, and a Spirit from Him" [al-Nisāʾ 4:171]. So desire flowed in Mary) through that breath arising from the balanced human form represented [by Gabriel] at the moment of his relaxation

al-Jandī

﴿وَكَلِمَتُه ُ أَلْقاها إِلى مَرْيَمَ وَرُوحٌ مِنْه ُ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فسرت الشهوة في مريم ، فخلق جسم عيسى من ماء محقّق من مريم ومن ماء متوهّم من جبرئيل سرى في رطوبة ذلك النفخ ، لأنّ النفخ من الجسم الحيواني رطب ، لما فيه من ركن الماء ، فخلق جسم عيسى من ماء متوهّم ومن ماء متحقّق . وخرج على صورة البشر من أجل أمّه ومن أجل تمثّل جبرئيل في صورة البشر ، حتى لا يقع التكوين في هذا النوع الإنساني إلا على الحكم المعتاد ) . قال العبد : أمّا سراية الشهوة في مريم فبأمر الله " لِيَقْضِيَ الله أَمْراً كانَ مَفْعُولًا " ، ولا سيّما وكان الله قبل ذلك أنبأ مريم وبشّرها " بِكَلِمَةٍ مِنْه ُ اسْمُه ُ الْمَسِيحُ " ابن مريم ، أي تولَّد منها روح حين " قالَتْ رَبِّ أَنَّى يَكُونُ لِي وَلَدٌ وَلَمْ يَمْسَسْنِي بَشَرٌ " . وإنّما قالت ذلك بحكم العادة المتعارف في التوليد البشري ، فلو غلب عليها إذ ذاك شهود قدرة القدير ، لم تقل ذلك بحكم العرف ، بل بحكم الكشف والشهود . فقال الملك : " كَذلِكَ قالَ رَبُّكَ هُوَ عَلَيَّ هَيِّنٌ " ، أي خلق الولد بلا مسّ البشر بصورة الوقاع ، " وَلِنَجْعَلَه ُ آيَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَرَحْمَةً مِنَّا وَكانَ أَمْراً مَقْضِيًّا " هذا في وقت النفخ . والذي قبل ذلك وهي في محرابها " إِذْ قالَتِ الْمَلائِكَةُ يا مَرْيَمُ إِنَّ الله يُبَشِّرُكِ بِكَلِمَةٍ مِنْه ُ اسْمُه ُ الْمَسِيحُ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَجِيهاً في الدُّنْيا وَالآخِرَةِ وَمن الْمُقَرَّبِينَ " الآية « 6 » ، فانتظرت ذلك من الله . فلمّا قال جبرئيل

So desire (shahwa) coursed in Mary, and the body of Jesus was created from an actual water from Mary and from an imagined water from Gabriel that coursed within the moisture of that breath — for the breath from an animal body is moist, owing to the elemental constituent of water within it. Thus the body of Jesus was created from an imagined water and an actual water, and he emerged in human form on account of his mother and on account of Gabriel's being embodied in human form — so that the engendering of this human species might occur only according to the customary rule." The servant [of God] says: As for desire's coursing in Mary, it was by God's command, "that God might accomplish a matter already decreed," especially since God had already informed Mary and given her glad tidings "of a Word from Him, whose name is the Messiah," son of Mary — that is, a spirit would be generated from her — when "she said: My Lord, how shall I have a child when no human has touched me?" She said this only in accordance with the customary rule known in human procreation; had the witnessing of the power of the All-Powerful overcome her at that moment, she would not have said this according to the rule of custom, but rather according to the rule of unveiling (kashf) and witnessing (shuhūd). So the angel said: "Thus has your Lord said: it is easy for Me" — that is, the creation of the child without the touch of a human in the form of intercourse — "and that We may make him a sign for mankind and a mercy from Us; and it was a matter decreed." This was at the time of the breathing. As for what preceded it, while she was in her sanctuary: "when the angels said: O Mary, God gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him, whose name is the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, honored in this world and the next, and among those brought near" — the verse — she awaited that from God. Then, when Gabriel said

Ibn Turka

﴿وَكَلِمَتُه ُ أَلْقاها إِلى مَرْيَمَ وَرُوحٌ مِنْه ُ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

[ 4 / 171 ] . خلق عيسى من ماء محقق وماء متوهّم ثمّ إنّ النفخ الجبرئيلي له حيثيّتان : إحداهم جهة حمله كلمة الله ونقله إيّاها إلى مريم ، وهي الصادرة عنه من حيث صورته الوجوديّة الملكيّة . والأخرى جهة بخاريّته وسراية رطوبته منها في مريم ، وهي الصادرة عنه من حيث صورته الكونيّة . وهذه الجهة هي المشار إليها في نظمه المصدّر به الفصّ وإليه أشار بقوله

(4:171). Jesus was created from an actualized water and an imagined/estimated water (māʾ mutawahham). Now the Gabrielian breathing-in has two aspects: one is the aspect of his bearing the Word of God and conveying it to Mary, which is that which issued from him from the standpoint of his existential angelic form; the other is the aspect of his vaporous quality and the permeation of his moisture from it into Mary, which is that which issued from him from the standpoint of his cosmic form. And this latter aspect is that to which allusion is made in the verses with which the chapter opens, and to it he alluded by his saying

Jāmī

﴿وَكَلِمَتُهُ أَلْقاها إِلى مَرْيَمَ وَرُوحٌ مِنْهُ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

[ النساء : 171 ]

[al-Nisāʾ: 171]

Ibn Turka

﴿فسرت الشهوة في مريم﴾

بذلك النفخ الحاصل من الصورة الاعتداليّة البشريّة تمثّلا عند انبساطها

through that breathing resulting from the form of balanced human constitution, represented [to her] at the moment of her relaxation/expansion

Bālī Zāde

﴿فسرت الشهوة في مريم فخلق جسم عيسى عليه السلام من ماء محقق من مريم ومن ماء متوهم من جبرائيل سرى في رطوبة ذلك النفخ لأن النفخ من الجسم الحيواني رطب لما فيه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي في الجسم الحيواني

i.e., in the animal body

Ibn Turka

﴿فخلق جسم عيسى من ماء محقّق من مريم وماء متوهّم من جبرئيل ، سرى في رطوبة ذلك النفخ﴾

سريان الشهوة في مريم بالنفخ فإنّ للوهم سلطانا في أمر الشهوة وسائر ما به يعمل القوى الفعليّة في الإنسان . وذلك لأنّ الوهم في المملكة الإنسانيّة بيده إطلاق ديوان التحريك وتحت أمره عمّال قضايا الفعل والتأثير ، ولذلك ترى الوهم يؤثّر في الذائقة - عند تخيّل الحموضة أو رؤيتها وتذكَّر ما يتبع ذوقها - مثل ما يتبعه في الوجود العينيّ . ومن ثمّة كثيرا ما تتحرك به الشهوة ويستفرغ منه المني ، وذلك إنما يكون عند وجود محلّ يقبل ذلك ، كحالة انبساط مريم عند رؤية الصورة البشريّة الاعتداليّة متوجّهة إليها لأن يسرى فيها الشهوة ، وكحال النفخ في الجسم الحيوان ، لسريان الماء فيه . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

the permeation of desire into Mary through the breathing-in; for the estimative faculty (al-wahm) has dominion in the matter of desire and in all else by which the active faculties operate in the human being. This is because the estimative faculty, in the human kingdom, holds in its hand the unleashing of the register of motion, and under its command are the agents of the affairs of act and effect. Hence you see the estimative faculty affecting the sense of taste - when sourness is imagined or seen and what follows upon tasting it is recalled - in the same way as what follows in actual concrete existence. And from this, desire is often stirred by it and semen is discharged through it, and this only occurs when there exists a locus receptive to that - as in the state of Mary's relaxation upon seeing the balanced human form directed toward her, such that desire permeated into her, and as in the case of breathing into an animal body, through which water permeates it. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿فخلق جسم عيسى من ماء محقق﴾

من مريم بلا واسطة توهم أحد

from Mary, without the mediation of anyone's imagining

Words 53–54 · 1 of 5

مَاءٍ مُحَقَّقٍ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ماء محقق﴾

ماء مريم فكان لكل واحد منهما خواص تظهر من عيسى عليه السلام . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

the water of Mary — so each of the two had properties that appeared from Jesus, peace be upon him. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿ومن ماء متوهم من جبريل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

توهمته مريم فترتب وجود ذلك الماء على توهمها فإن وجود بعض الأشياء قد يترتيب على توهمه كترتب السقوط عن الجذع على توهمه ( سرى ) ذلك الماء المتوهم

which Mary imagined, so the existence of that water was consequent upon her imagining it. For the existence of some things may be consequent upon the imagining of them, just as falling from a plank [over a chasm] is consequent upon imagining it. (That imagined water pervaded)

Words 63–66 · 1 of 5

فِي رُطُوبَةِ ذَلِكَ النَّفْخِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿في رطوبة ذلك النفخ﴾

المتوهمة سراية في وهم مريم فتحقق مطابقا لما توهمته ، وإنما توهمت مريم سراية الماء في رطوبة النفخ. ( لأن ) ذلك ( النفخ ) إنما وقع ( من ) جبريل حال تمثله في صورة الجسم الحيواني الذي هو صورته البشرية والنفخ ، أي الهواء المنفوخ

— imagined pervasion in the imagination of Mary, so it was actualized in conformity with what she had imagined. Mary imagined only the pervasion of the water in the moisture of the breath. (Because) that (breath) occurred only (from) Gabriel in the state of his assuming the form of the animal body, which is his human form — the breath, that is, the breathed-out air

Ibn Turka

﴿لأنّ النفخ من الجسم الحيوانيّ رطب ، لما فيه من ركن الماء ، فتكوّن جسم عيسى من ماء متوهّم وماء محقّق﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فلئن قيل : إنما يكون الماء متوهّما إذا لم يكن له صورة في العين ، وحيث بيّن أن النفخ من الجسم الرطب الحيوانيّ مشتمل على ركن الماء بالفعل كيف يكون متوهّما ؟ قلنا : إنّ الماء وإن كان له وجود عينيّ وصورة مشخّصة في النفخ المذكور ، ولكن من حيث أنّه يصلح لأن يكون مبدأ لتكوّن جسم إنسانيّ هو معنى جزئيّ إنما يدركه الوهم ، بل الوهم هو الذي حصّل للماء المذكور ذلك المعنى - على ما لا يخفى . فهذا الوهم من مريم ، لا من جبرئيل - كما توهّمه البعض بأنّه سلطان العناصر - لأنّه لو كان كذلك جعل بسلطنته ذلك الماء محقّقا لا متوهّما ، كيف - ولا يطلق على الملك التوهّم إلا بضرب من التمحّل . صورة عيسى عليه السّلام

Now if it be said: water is only called "imagined/estimated" (mutawahham) when it has no concrete form in actual existence, and since it has been explained that the breath from the moist animal body actually comprises the element of water, how can it be "imagined/estimated"? We say: although the water has concrete existence and a determinate form within the breath mentioned, nevertheless, from the standpoint of its suitability to be the origin for the formation of a human body, this is a particular meaning (maʿnā juzʾī) grasped only by the estimative faculty - indeed, it is the estimative faculty that produced for that water the aforementioned meaning, as is not hidden. Now this estimative faculty belongs to Mary, not to Gabriel - as some have imagined, supposing him to be the sovereign of the elements - for had it been so, he would have rendered that water, by his sovereignty, actualized rather than imagined/estimated; how could it be otherwise, when "imagining/estimating" (tawahhum) is only attributed to an angel by a sort of forced construal? [On] the form of Jesus, peace be upon him

﴿لأنّ النفخ من الجسم الحيوانيّ رطب ، لما فيه من ركن الماء ، فتكوّن جسم عيسى من ماء متوهّم وماء محقّق﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فيه إشارة إلى ما قاله الكاشاني : الماء المتوهم جاز أن يكون من توهمها أن الولد لا يكون إلا من ماء الرجل ، فخلق الماء من النفخ بقوة وهمها وأن يكون من جهة جبرئيل ، لأنه سلطان العناصر ،يقدر أن يجري من نفسه الرحماني روح الماء في النفخ ، فيحصله ماء

In this there is an allusion to what al-Kāshānī said: it may be that the imagined/estimated water came from her [Mary's] supposition that a child could only come from a man's semen, so the water was created from the breathing-in by the power of her estimative faculty; or it may be that it came from the side of Gabriel, since he is the sovereign of the elements, able to cause, from his own merciful breath, the spirit of water to flow within the breathing-in, thereby producing it as water

Note by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) of the ibnalarabi.com text, not by Ibn Turka

Jāmī

﴿من الجسم الحيواني رطب … لما فيه من ركن الماء﴾

فتسري منه الرطوبة إلى الهواء المنفوخ فيصير ماء ، فتوهمت مريم نفخ جبريل على هذه الحالة ، فتولدت من توهمها الماء

so the moisture pervades from it into the breathed-out air, and it becomes water. Thus Mary imagined Gabriel's breath to be in this state, and from her imagining it, the water was generated

Words 75–85 · 1 of 5

مِنْ رُكْنِ المَاءِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿من ركن الماء فيكون جسم عيسى عليه السلام من ماء متوهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ماء جبرائيل ( و ) من

the water of Gabriel (and) from

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.