Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

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5 · 79 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَتَكَوَّنَ جِسْمُ عِيسَىٰ مِنْ مَاءٍ مُتَوَهَّمٍ وَمَاءٍ مُحَقَّقٍ وَخَرَجَ عَلَىٰ صُورَةِ البَشَرِ مِنْ أَجْلِ أُمِّهِ وَمِنْ أَجْلِ تَمَثُّلِ جِبْرَئِيلَ فِي صُورَةِ البَشَرِ حَتَّىٰ لَا يَقَعَ التَّكْوِينُ فِي هَذَا النَّوْعِ الإِنْسَانِيِّ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ الحُكْمِ المُعْتَادِ فَخَرَجَ عِيسَىٰ يُحْيِي المَوْتَىٰ لِأَنَّهُ رُوحٌ إِلَهِيٌّ وَكَانَ الإِحْيَاءُ لِلَّهِ وَالنَّفْخُ لِعِيسَىٰ كَمَا كَانَ النَّفْخُ لِجِبْرِيلَ وَالكَلِمَةُ لِلَّهِ وَكَانَ إِحْيَاءُ عِيسَىٰ لِلأَمْوَاتِ إِحْيَاءً مَحَقَّقًا مِنْ حَيْثُ مَا ظَهَرَ عَنْ نَفْخِهِ كَمَا ظَهَرَ هُوَ عَنْ صُورَةِ أُمِّهِ وَكَانَ إِحْيَاؤُهُ أَيْضًا مُتَوَهَّمًا أَنَّهُ مِنْهُ وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ

So the body of Jesus was engendered from an imagined water and a realized water, and he came forth in the form of a mortal human because of his mother, and because of Gabriel's taking on the likeness [of a man] in the form of a mortal human, so that engendering in this human species should take place only according to the customary rule. Then Jesus came forth giving life to the dead because he is a divine spirit; and the giving of life was God's while the blowing was Jesus's, just as the blowing was Gabriel's while the word was God's. Jesus's giving life to the dead was a realized giving of life, in respect of what became manifest from his blowing, just as he himself became manifest from the form of his mother. Yet his giving of life was also imagined to be from him, whereas it was in fact only God's.

On the whole passage · 2 of 5

al-Jandī

﴿وكان إحياؤه أيضا متوهّما أنّه منه ، وإنّما كان من الله ، فجمع لحقيقته - التي خلق عليها كما قلناه - أنّه مخلوق من ماء متوهّم وماء محقّق ، ينسب إليه الإحياء بطريق التحقيق من وجه وبطريق التوهّم من وجه ، فقيل فيه من طريق التحقيق : « وتحيي الموتى » و قيل فيه من طريق التوهّم : " فَتَنْفُخُ فِيها فَتَكُونُ طَيْراً بِإِذْنِي " فالعامل في المجرور يكون « تكون » لا « تنفخ » ويحتمل أن يكون العامل فيه « تنفخ » فيكون طائرا من حيث صورته الجسمية الحسّية﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يشير رضي الله عنه : إلى إنّه لمّا كان أصل خلقته من متحقّق ومتوهّم ، ظهر ذلك في فعله الذي هو فرع عليه متوهّم الإضافة إليه من وجه ، ومتحقّق الإضافة إليه أيضا من آخر ، فاعتبر الحق في العبارة المعجزة القرآنية كلا الوجهين ، لكونهما من مقتضى أصل خلقته ، فقال في الأوّل " فَتَنْفُخُ فِيها فَتَكُونُ طَيْراً بِإِذْنِي " فكان التقدير يكون المنفوخ فيه بإذن الله طائرا ، فيكون العامل في المجرور - أعني « بإذن الله » - « تكون » لا « تنفخ » ، فيكون الموجب لكونه طيرا بإذن الله ، فيكون طائرا بنفخه . سرّ للخواصّ اعلم : أنّ حقيقة الإذن أمر من الله ، يمكَّن المأذون له من إيجاد الفعل الخارق للعادة الذي لا يضاف إلَّا إلى الله عرفا عاديا . ثمّ إنّ تمكين الله تعالى للعبد وأمره بذلك إنّما يكون بخصوص استعداد ذاتي للعبد من حيث صورته المعلومية لله أزلا وعينه الثابتة ، لأنّ الله علم من حقيقة قفداء العبد أنّ له صلاحية في الوجود وقابلية في الحقيقة لمثل هذا التمكين والأمر من الله بخلاف غير المأذون . فهو من قدم الصدق الذي كان له عند ربّه المليك المقتدر ، اقتضى هذا العبد بتلك الخصوصية من الله هذا النوع من العناية والتمكين ، فأظهر الله في الوجود العيني من العبد هذا التمكين ممّا كان عليه في وجوده العلمي ، فإذن الله هو تمكين العين الثابتة ، وحسن تأتّيها باستعدادها الذاتي للوجود الحق أن يظهر هذا التمكين والإذن فيه بالحق ، فافهم . قال رضي الله عنه -

He, may God be pleased with him, indicates: that since the origin of his creation was from both the actualized and the imagined, this appeared in his action, which is a branch derived from it - imagined in its attribution to him from one aspect, and actualized in its attribution to him also from another aspect. So the Real took into account, in the miraculous Qur'anic expression, both aspects, since they both derive from the requirement of the origin of his creation. He said in the first instance: "so you breathe into it, and it becomes a bird by My permission" - the implication being that what was breathed into, by God's permission, becomes a bird; so the operative word governing the genitive phrase - I mean "by My permission" - is "it becomes," not "you breathe." Thus the cause of its becoming a bird is by God's permission, and it becomes a bird by his breathing. A secret for the elite: Know that the reality of permission (idhn) is a command from God which enables the one permitted to bring about the extraordinary act which, by customary convention, is attributed only to God. Then, God's enabling of the servant, and His commanding him with that, occurs only through a specific essential preparedness (istiʿdād dhātī) belonging to the servant, from the aspect of his form as known to God eternally and his fixed entity (ʿayn thābita) - for God knew, from the reality of the servant's predetermined measure, that he has a fitness in existence and a receptivity in reality for such an enablement and command from God, unlike one who is not so permitted. So it derives from the "precedent of truthfulness" (qadam al-ṣidq) which he had with his Lord, the Sovereign, the All-Powerful; this specificity from God required for this servant this kind of care and enablement. So God manifested, in the concrete existence (al-wujūd al-ʿaynī) of the servant, this enablement corresponding to what he was in his existence as known [to God] (al-wujūd al-ʿilmī). Thus God's permission is the enablement of the fixed entity, and the goodness of its readiness, through its essential preparedness, for true existence, such that this enablement and permission appear in it through the Real. So understand. He, may God be pleased with him, said -

Jāmī

﴿من أجل أمه، ومن أجل تمثل جبريل في صورة البشر حتى لا يقع التكوين في هذا النوع الإنساني إلا على الحكم المعتاد. فخرج عيسى يحيي الموتى لأنه روح إلهي، وان الإحياء لله والنفخ لعيسى، كما كان النفخ لجبريل والكلمة لله. فكان إحياء عيسى للأموات إحياء محققا من حيث ما ظهر عن نفخه كما ظهر هو عن صورة أمه . وكان إحياؤه أيضا متوهما أنه منه وإنما كان لله.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

محقق من مريم ) لا دخل لتوهمها في تحققه ، ويمكن أن يراد بالماء المتوهم الهواء المنفوخ المحقق الذي مائيته متوهمة ، فتكوّن جسم عيسى من ماء تحقق ومن هواء منفوخ توهمت فيه المائية ، أو يراد بالماء المتوهم ما لا يكون له تحقق في الخارج . ويكون معنى تكون جسم عيسى منه أن له مرتبة الشرطية فمتى لم تتوهم هذا الماء لم يتكون جسم عيسى من الماء المحقق ( وخرج ) عيسى

in this human species would occur only according to the customary pattern. Thus Jesus came forth raising the dead, because he is a divine spirit, and the giving of life belongs to God while the breathing belongs to Jesus, just as the breathing belonged to Gabriel while the Word belonged to God. So Jesus's giving life to the dead was an actual giving of life insofar as it appeared from his breath, just as he himself appeared from his mother's form. And his giving of life was also imagined to be from him, whereas it was really from God] actual, from Mary) — her imagining had no role in its actualization. It is also possible that by 'imagined water' is meant the breathed-out air, [which is] actual, whose wateriness is imagined; thus the body of Jesus was formed from an actualized water and from breathed-out air in which wateriness was imagined. Or 'imagined water' may mean that which has no actual existence externally, and the meaning of the body of Jesus being formed from it would be that it has the rank of a condition (sharṭiyya): whenever this water was not imagined, the body of Jesus would not be formed from the actual water. (And) Jesus (came forth)

Jāmī

﴿وكوّن جسم عيسى من ماء متوهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

حققه وهم مريم ( ومن ماء قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

which the imagination of Mary actualized (and from a water) — the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿وخرج على صورة البشر من أجل امّه ، ومن أجل تمثّل جبرئيل في صورة البشر ، حتى لا يقع التكوين في هذا النوع الإنساني إلا على الحكم المعتاد﴾

وهو أن يكون من الأبوين ، من ذلك النوع ، وعلى صورته الطبيعيّة إذ لو لم يتمثّل جبرئيل في صورة البشر لما كان التكوين على الحكم المعتاد ، وذلك لأن التكوين والإيجاد هو الظهور من المكوّن بصورة الأثر ، فلا بدّ للفاعل من أن يتصوّر بصورة ما أراد مفعوله عليها ، حتّى يتمّ التصوّر بصورته ، فلذلك تمثّل جبرئيل بصورة البشر لأجل ذلك الحكم المعتاد والوجوب العادي. ولذلك أيضا ورد : " إن الله تعالى يتجلَّى في الصورة الإنسانية عند تخميره طينة آدم " . ولا بدّ هاهنا من أن يكون مفعوله - وهو جسم عيسى - على الصورة المذكورة من التشكَّل بالشكل المعهود من تلك الأفراد ، لئلَّا يتنفّر منه طباع المستكملين من بني نوعه فيفوت الغاية المطلوبة من الإنباء والإرسال ، وذلك لأنّ تخالف الصور بالشخص تقتضي التوحّش ، كما أنّ توافقها توجب المؤانسة . رمز إحياء الموتى بيد عيسى عليه السّلام

which is that it be from two parents, of that species, and in its natural form. For had Gabriel not taken on human form, the coming-into-being would not have been according to the customary rule. This is because coming-into-being and bringing-into-existence (al-takwīn wa-l-īǰād) is the manifestation from the originator (al-mukawwin) in the form of the effect (al-athar); so the agent must necessarily take on the form of whatever it wills its effect to be upon, so that the envisioning is completed through its form. For this reason Gabriel took on the form of a human being, for the sake of that customary rule and habitual necessity (al-wujūb al-ʿādī). For this reason too it has been transmitted: "Indeed God, the Exalted, discloses Himself (yatajallā) in the human form when He leavened the clay of Adam." It is necessary here that His effect - namely the body of Jesus - be upon the aforementioned form, taking the shape customary among the individuals of that kind, lest the natures of those perfected among his fellow species recoil from him, whereby the sought-for purpose of prophetic announcement (al-inbāʾ) and sending (al-irsāl) would be lost. This is because the divergence of forms with respect to the individual necessitates estrangement, just as their conformity necessitates familiarity. A symbol (ramz) of the raising of the dead at the hand of Jesus, upon him be peace.

Jāmī

﴿على صورة البشر … من أجل أمه ومن أجل تمثل جبريل في صورة البشر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وإنما مثل في صورة البشر

he assumed the form of a human being only

Bālī Zāde

﴿وخرج على صورة البشر من أجل أمّه ومن أجل تمثل جبرائيل في صورة البشر حتى لا يقع التكوين في هذا النوع الإنساني الأعلى الحكم المعتاد﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإن حفظ هذه الصورة الشريفة واجب على أنه لو لم يكن على هذه الصورة لما كان نبيا مبعوثا إليهم لعدم بقاء المناسبة بينه وبينهم . ( فخرج عيسى عليه السلام ) بسبب تكونه من هذين الأمرين

according to the customary pattern. For the preservation of this noble form is obligatory, since had he not been in this form he would not have been a prophet sent to them, due to the absence of the continuance of the correspondence between him and them. (So Jesus, peace be upon him, emerged) by reason of his being constituted from these two matters

Jāmī

﴿حتى لا يقع التكوين في هذا النوع الإنساني إلا على الحكم المعتاد﴾

الذي جرت به العادة غالبا وهو تولد من شخصين إنسانيين ، ولما ذكر رضي اللّه عنه أن عيسى عليه السلام روح من اللّه نفخه جبريل في مريم وكلمته ألقاها إلى مريم ، وإن تكوّن جسمه إنما هو من ماء محقق وماء متوهم ، أراد أن يبين أن الأحوال الجارية عليه أيضا مناسبة لهذه الأمور فقال : ( فخرج عيسى عليه السلام ) بحيث كان

which usually prevails by habit, namely birth from two human persons. And having mentioned, may God be pleased with him, that Jesus, peace be upon him, is a spirit from God which Gabriel breathed into Mary, and [that he is] His Word which He cast unto Mary, and that the formation of his body was from an actual water and an imagined water, he wished to clarify that the states that occurred to him were likewise fitting with these matters. So he said: (Jesus, peace be upon him, came forth) such that he was

al-Qāshānī

﴿فخرج عيسى يحيى الموتى لأنه روح إلهي ، وكان الإحياء لله والنفخ لعيسى كما كان النفخ لجبريل والكلمة لله﴾

كل موجود كلمة من الله : إما كونية كالأجساد وإما إبداعية كالأرواح ، وإما أحدية جمعية من الظاهر والباطن ، واللاهوت والناسوت كالإنسان الكامل . والغلبة في كل كامل إنما تكون لمرتبة من المراتب ، وكان الغالب على عيسى حكم اللاهوت فلذلك كان يحيى الموتى وكان الغالب على جسمانيته حكم الروح ، فلذلك رفع إلى الله وبقي عنده في الصورة الروحانية المثالية ، وقد مر أن الفعل والتأثير لا يكون إلا لله ، فلهذا كان الإحياء لله عند نفخ عيسى والكلمة لله عند نفخ جبريل . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

— every existent is a word from God: either a cosmic [word], like bodies; or an originative (ibdāʿiyya) [word], like spirits; or a unitary, comprehensive [word] combining the manifest and the nonmanifest, the lāhūt (divinity) and the nāsūt (humanity), like the perfect human. And predominance in every perfect [being] belongs to one of the [ontological] levels. What predominated in Jesus was the rule of the lāhūt; for that reason he gave life to the dead. And what predominated in his corporeality was the rule of the spirit; for that reason he was raised up to God and remained with Him in the imaginal spiritual form. It has already passed that action and effect belong only to God; therefore the giving of life belonged to God at Jesus's breathing, just as the Word belonged to God at Gabriel's breathing. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Jandī

﴿فخرج عيسى يحيي الموتى ، لأنّه روح إلهي ، وكان الإحياء لله والنفخ لعيسى ، كما كان النفخ لجبرئيل والكلمة لله﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد : اعلم أن الكلم وإن كانت كثيرة بحسب حضرات المتكلَّم منها ، ولكنّها تنحصر في أمّهات ثلاث : الأولى : كلمة هي هيئة أحدية جمعية من حروف ظاهرة ملكية شهادية كونية جسمانية كسائر الموجودات الجسمانية ، فإنّ كل موجود موجود جسمانيّ كلمة إلهية كذلك . الثانية : وكلمة هي هيئة جمعية من حروف باطنة ملكوتية روحانية ، كالموجودات الإبداعية الروحية كالأرواح والعقول والنفوس والملائكة ، فإنّها كلمات رحمانية قدسية طاهرة سبّوحيّة . والثالثة : كلمة هي هيئة أحدية جمعية بين حقائق حرفية إلهية ، وحروف روحية جسمانية وهي حقائق الكمّل من النوع الإنساني ، ولكنّ الغالب على كل واحد من الكمّل حكم مرتبة من هذه المراتب . فكانت الكلمة العيسوية المسيحية الظاهرة هيأة أحدية جمعية بين حقائق حرفية إلهية ، وحقائق حرفية روحية إلهية أيضا ، وحقائق حرفية جسمانية روحانية إنسانية في مرتبة البطون ، والغالب على حرف جسمانيته الحروف الروحية والغالب على حرف روحيته الحروف اللاهوتية. ولهذا قيل فيه

The servant says: Know that although the Words (kalim) are many according to the Presences of the One speaking them, they are nonetheless confined to three mother-categories: The first: a word which is a unifying configuration (hayʾa aḥadiyya jamʿiyya) of manifest, dominion-level (malakī), witnessed, cosmic, corporeal letters, like the rest of corporeal existents - for every corporeal existent is likewise a divine word. The second: a word which is a collective configuration of nonmanifest, kingdom-level (malakūtī), spiritual letters, like the originated spiritual existents such as spirits, intellects, souls, and angels - for these are Merciful, holy, pure, transcendence-praising (subbūḥiyya) words. The third: a word which is a unifying configuration between divine letter-realities and spiritual-corporeal letters, and these are the realities of the Perfect Ones (al-kummal) of the human species - though the predominant quality over each of the Perfect Ones is the ruling property of one of these ranks. Now the manifest Jesus-Messianic Word was a unifying configuration between divine letter-realities, divine spiritual letter-realities also, and spiritual-human corporeal letter-realities at the level of nonmanifestation (buṭūn), with the spiritual letters predominating over the letter of his corporeality, and the divine (lāhūtī) letters predominating over the letter of his spirituality. This is why it was said of him:

Ibn Turka

﴿فخرج عيسى يحيى الموتى لأنّه روح إلهي﴾

كما سبق بيانه من أنّ معنوية تلك الكلمة وروحها إنّما كذا حصل من الحضور الذي حصل لمريم مع الله بجمعية منها تامّة عند رؤيتها الصورة البشريّة الاعتداليّة في أيّام انتباذها من القوم مكانا شرقيّا ، أعني أيّام نقائها من الحيض ، فإنّ فيها مزيد هيجان لشهوة النسوان ، وزمان وقوعها في مكان يشرق فيها نيّر الإظهار والإشعار . ثمّ إن أمر التوهّم والتحقّق - الذين في أصل خلقة الكلمة العيسويّة لهما دخل في سائر أحكامها . ولذلك قال

as was explained previously: that the meaning (maʿnawiyya) of that Word and its spirit arose precisely from the presence (al-ḥuḍūr) that occurred for Mary with God, with a complete gathering (jamʿiyya) on her part, at her vision of the balanced human form during the days of her withdrawal from the people to an eastern place - I mean the days of her purity from menstruation, for in them there is increased arousal of feminine desire, and the time of its occurrence in a place where the luminary of manifestation and signification rises. Then, the matter of supposition (al-tawahhum) and actualization/verification (al-taḥaqquq) - which are present in the root of the creation of the Word of Jesus - have a bearing upon all its other rulings (aḥkām). For this reason he said:

Jāmī

﴿يحيي الموتى لأنه روح إلهي﴾

ومن خصائص الروح الحياة والإحياء ( وكان ) في صورة إحيائه ، أي إحياء عيسى الموتى ( الإحياء ) بحسب الحقيقة

— and among the properties of spirit is life and the giving of life. (And there was), in the form of his giving of life, i.e., Jesus's giving life to the dead, (the giving of life), in reality

Bālī Zāde

﴿يحيي الموتى لأنه روح إلهي وكان الأحياء للَّه والنفخ لعيسى عليه السلام كما كان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

النفخ ( لجبرائيل والكلمة للَّه) قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (فكان إحياء عيسى عليه السلام للأموات إحياء محققا من حيث ما ظهر عن نفخته كما ظهر هو عن صورة أمّه فكان إحياؤه أيضا متوهما أنه ) أي الإحياء ( منه)

the breathing (belongs to Gabriel, and the Word belongs to God). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (Thus the giving of life by Jesus, peace be upon him, to the dead was an actual giving of life inasmuch as it appeared from his breath, just as he himself appeared from the form of his mother; so his giving of life was also imagined, in that it) i.e., the giving of life (is from him)

Ibn Turka

﴿وكان الإحياء لله ، والنفخ لعيسى﴾

في صورة إحياء عيسى الموتى

with respect to the form of Jesus's raising of the dead.

Words 44–45 · 1 of 5

لِلَّهِ وَالنَّفْخُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿للّه والنفخ﴾

الذي يترتب عليه الإحياء صورة

upon which the giving of life is consequent, in form,

Ibn Turka

﴿كما كان النفخ لجبرئيل والكلمة لله﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في صورة تكوين عيسى . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

with respect to the form of the coming-into-being of Jesus. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿لعيسى كما كان﴾

في صورة تكوين عيسى ( النفخ ) ، أي نفخ الكلمة في مريم

i.e., the breathing of the Word into Mary, was

Words 48–49 · 1 of 5

كَانَ النَّفْخُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿كان النفخ﴾

صادرا

issued

Words 50–51 · 1 of 5

لِجِبْرِيلَ وَالكَلِمَةُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿لجبريل والكلمة﴾

المنفوخة ( للّه ) فكان النفخ من عيسى بمنزلة النفخ من جبريل . وكان كون الإحياء حقيقة من اللّه وصورة من عيسى ككون الكلمة حقيقة من اللّه وصورة من جبريل ( فكان إحياء عيسى عليه السلام للأموات إحياء محققا ) ، أي انتساب الإحياء إليه أمرا محقق

that was breathed (belonging to God). Thus the breathing from Jesus stood in the same relation as the breathing from Gabriel. And the giving of life being, in reality, from God and, in form, from Jesus, is like the Word being, in reality, from God and, in form, from Gabriel. (Thus Jesus's, peace be upon him, giving of life to the dead was an actual giving of life), i.e., the ascription of the giving of life to him is something actual

al-Qāshānī

﴿فكان إحياء عيسى للأموات إحياء محققا من حيث ما ظهر من نفخه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي من حيث حصول الإحياء عند نفخه ظاهرا رأى عين فتصح إضافة الإحياء إليه بشاهد الحق عرفا وعادة وتحقيقا أيضا ، لأن هويته هو الله وهو أحدية جمع اللاهوت والناسوت والروحية والصورية ، فيضاف حقيقة من حيث حقيقته اللاهويته

— that is, insofar as the giving of life occurred, at his breathing, manifestly, as an eyewitnessed matter; so it is correct to ascribe the giving of life to him, by the witness of the Real, both conventionally/customarily and also as an actual reality — since his identity (huwiyya) is God, and he is the unitary combination of the lāhūt and the nāsūt, the spiritual and the formal; so it is ascribed to him in reality, insofar as his reality is divine (lāhūtiyya).

al-Jandī

﴿فكان إحياء عيسى للأموات إحياء محقّقا من حيث ما ظهر عن نفخه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني : من حيث حصول الإحياء عن نفخه ظاهرا رأي عين ، فتصحّ إضافة الإحياء إليه بمشاهد الحسّ عرفا عاديا وتحقيقا أيضا ، لأنّ هويته الله ، وهو أحدية جمع اللاهوت والروحية والصورة ، فيضاف إليه حقيقة من حيث هويته اللاهوتية ، فافهم . يعني رضي الله عنه : في المعتاد من إيلاد الأولاد ، وبهذا الوجه أضيف إلى أمّه ونسب إليها ، فقيل فيه : إنّه عيسى بن مريم ، وهكذا إضافة الإحياء إلى الصورة العيسوية النافخة للإحياء . قال رضي الله عنه

- meaning: from the aspect of the occurrence of the giving-of-life from his blowing, manifestly, as an eyewitnessed matter, so that the attribution of the giving-of-life to him is correct through sensory witnessing, by customary convention, and also by way of verification (taḥqīq), because his identity is God, and he is the unity of the collectivity of the divine (lāhūt), the spiritual, and the form; so it is attributed to him in reality from the aspect of his divine identity - so understand. He, may God be pleased with him, means: in the customary manner of the engendering of children, and in this respect he was attributed and ascribed to his mother, so it was said of him: he is Jesus son of Mary. Likewise is the attribution of the life-giving to the Jesus-form that blows for the giving of life. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿فكان إحياء عيسى للأموات إحياء محقّقا من حيث ما ظهر عن نفخه ، كما ظهر هو عن صورة امّه ، وكان إحياؤه أيضا متوهّما أنّه منه ، وإنّما كان لله﴾

وفي بعض النسخ: « وإنما كان من الله » وهو أظهر . ( فجمع ) الإحياء المحقق والمتوهّم ( لحقيقته التي خلق عليها - كما قلنا : إنّه مخلوق من ماء متوهّم ، وماء محقّق - نسب إليه الإحياء بطريق التحقيق من وجه ، وبطريق التوهّم من وجه ( . وقد سرى هذان الوجهان في جملة أوضاعه وأحواله إلى أن سرى فيما انزل من القرآن المجيد في قصّته عليه السّلام

In some copies it reads: "whereas it was only from God," which is clearer. (He combined) the actualized and the supposed raising-to-life (for his reality upon which he was created) - as we said: that he was created from a supposed water and an actualized water - the raising-to-life was attributed to him by way of actualization from one aspect, and by way of supposition from another aspect. These two aspects have pervaded the totality of his conditions and states, to the point that they pervaded what was revealed in the Glorious Qurʾān regarding his story, upon him be peace.

Words 59–62 · 1 of 5

مِنْ حَيْثُ مَا ظَهَرَ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿من حيث ما ظهر﴾

أي من حيث ظهور ذلك الإحياء

i.e., insofar as the appearance of that giving of life

Jāmī

﴿عن نفخه … كما ظهر هو عن صورة اللّه وكان إحياؤه أيضا متوهما أنه منه﴾

أي وكان انتساب الإحياء إليه بأنه منه أيضا متوهما ، فإن الإحياء بسبب التحقيق إنما هو منتسب إلى اللّه سبحانه ، لأن الفاعل الحقيقي والمؤثر في الوجود إنما هو اللّه سبحانه ، فانتسابه إلى عيسى يكون متوهما من ترتبه على نفخه صورة قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( فجمع بحقيقته التي خلق عليها كما قلناه أنه مخلوق من ماء متوهم وماء محقق: ينسب إليه الإحياء بطريق التحقيق من وجه وبطريق التوهم من وجه، فقيل فيه من طريق التحقيق «هو يحي الموتى»، وقيل فيه من طريق التوهم «فتنفخ فيها فتكون طيرا بإذني» فالعامل في المجرور «يكون» لا قوله «تنفخ»

That is, the ascription of the giving-of-life to him, as being from him, was also merely imagined (mutawahham), for giving-life, by way of verification (taḥqīq), is in truth ascribed to God, glory be to Him, since the true Agent and the effective Cause in existence is God, glory be to Him. So its ascription to Jesus is imagined, arising from its being consequent upon his blowing. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: ('So he combined, by virtue of the reality upon which he was created - as we have said, that he was created from an imagined water and a verified water - [both aspects]: the giving-of-life is ascribed to him by way of verification from one respect, and by way of imagination from another respect. For it was said of him, by way of verification, 'He gives life to the dead,' and it was said of him, by way of imagination, 'then you breathe into it and it becomes a bird by My permission' - so the governing word for the prepositional phrase is 'it becomes [yakūnu],' not his saying 'you breathe.')

al-Qāshānī

﴿كما ظهر هو عن صورة أمه﴾

أي في المعتادة من ولادة الأولاد ، بهذا الوجه أضيف إلى أمه ونسب إليها فقيل فيه إنه عيسى بن مريم ، وهكذا إضافة الإحياء إلى الصورة العيسوية النافخة للأحياء

— that is, in the customary way of the birth of children; in this respect he was ascribed to his mother and attributed to her, so that it was said of him: he is Jesus son of Mary. And likewise is the ascription of the giving of life to the Jesus-form that breathes [life] into the dead.

Jāmī

﴿كما ظهر هو عن صورة اللّه وكان إحياؤه أيضا متوهما أنه منه﴾

وفي نسخة [ أمه ] بدل [ اللّه ] وهو ما اعتمدناه وأثبتناه في نسخة المتن في الأعلى

and in one manuscript [his mother] instead of [God], and this is what we have relied upon and established in the manuscript of the base text above

Note by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) of the ibnalarabi.com text, not by Jāmī

al-Qāshānī

﴿وكان إحياؤه أيضا متوهما أنه منه وإنما كان لله﴾

وفي نسخة : وإنما كان من الله وهو أصح ( فجمع ) أي الإحياء المحقق والمتوهم . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

— and in [another] copy: "whereas it was from God," which is more correct — "thus he combined" [i.e., Jesus combined] the actual giving of life and the supposed giving of life. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Words 77–78 · 2 of 5

وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ

Jāmī

﴿وإنما كان﴾

الإحياء حقيقة ( للّه ) صادرا عنه . وفي بعض النسخ : وإنما كان من اللّه وهو أظهر ( فجمع ) عيسى عليه السلام في الإحياء بين التحقيق والتوهم ( بحقيقته ) ، أي لأجل حقيقته

the giving-of-life in reality (for God), proceeding from Him. In some copies: 'and it was only from God,' which is clearer. (Jesus combined), peace be upon him, in the giving-of-life, between verification and imagination (by virtue of his reality), that is, for the sake of his reality

Bālī Zāde

﴿وإنما كان﴾

أي الإحياء ( للَّه ) حقيقة ولعيسى عليه السلام مجازا ( فجمع ) عيسى عليه السلام هذين الوجهين

i.e., the giving of life (for God) in reality, and for Jesus, peace be upon him, metaphorically. (So) Jesus, peace be upon him, (combined) these two aspects

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.