Mashrabaمشربة

The commentators side by side

One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶7 in the text

7 · 90 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَإِذَا تَعَلَّقَ المَجْرُورُ بِـ بِتَنَفُّخٍ فَيَكُونُ النَّافِخُ مَأْذُونًا لَهُ فِي النَّفْخِ وَيَكُونُ الطَّائِرُ عَنِ النَّافِخِ بِإِذْنِ اللهِ وَإِذَا كَانَ النَّافِخُ نَافِخًا لَا عَنْ الإِذْنِ فَيَكُونُ التَّكْوِينُ لِلطَّائِرِ طَائِرًا بِإِذْنِ اللهِ فَيَكُونُ العَامِلُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ يَكُونُ فَلَوْلَا أَنَّ فِي الأَمْرِ تَوَهُّمًا أَوْ تَحَقُّقًا مَا قَبِلَتْ هَذِهِ الصُّورَةُ هَذَيْنِ الوَجْهَيْنِ بَلْ لَهَا هَذَانِ الوَجْهَانِ لِأَنَّ النَّشْأَةَ العِيسَوِيَّةَ تُعْطِي ذَلِكَ وَخَرَجَ عِيسَىٰ مِنَ التَّوَاضُعِ إِلَىٰ أَنْ شَرَّعَ لِأُمَّتِهِ أَنْ يُعْطُوا۟ ٱلْجِزْيَةَ عَن يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَـٰغِرُونَ وَأَنْ أَحَدَهُمْ إِذَا لُطِمَ فِي خَدِّهِ وَضَعَ الخَدَّ الآخَرَ لِمَنْ لَطَمَهُ وَلَا يَرْتَفِعُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَا يَطْلُبُ القِصَاصَ مِنْهُ

So if the prepositional phrase is attached to 'you breathe' [tanfukhu], then the breather is one granted permission to breathe, and the bird comes to be from the breather by God's permission. But if the breather is breathing not by permission, then the engendering of the bird as a bird is by God's permission, and in that case the governing word is 'it becomes' [yakūnu] (Q 3:49). Were it not that there is, in this matter, either imagining (by supposition) or realization, this form would not have admitted these two aspects. Rather, it has these two aspects because the Jesus-configuration [al-nashʾa al-ʿīsawiyya] grants that. And Jesus went so far in humility that he legislated for his community that they 'pay the jizya out of hand, being humbled' (Q 9:29), and that if one of them is slapped on his cheek, he should offer the other cheek to the one who slapped him, and not raise himself against him, nor seek retaliation from him.

Ibn Turka

﴿وإذا تعلَّق المجرور " بـ " ينفخ فيكون النافخ مأذونا له في النفخ ، ويكون الطائر عن النافخ بإذن الله . وإذا كان النافخ نافخا لا عن الإذن ، فيكون التكوّن للطائر طائرا بإذن الله ، فيكون العامل عند ذلك « يكون » ، فلو لا أنّ في الأمر توهّما﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

كما في الثاني ( وتحقّقا ) كما في الأول

- as in the second [case] - (and an actualization) - as in the first [case] -

Jāmī

﴿فإذا تعلق المجرور بتنفخ فيكون النافخ مأذونا في النفخ ويكون﴾

أي يوجد ( الطير عن النافخ ) ، أي الذي ينفخ

that is, exists (the bird from the one who blows), that is, the one who breathes

Words 16–17 · 1 of 5

بِإِذْنِ اللهِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ﴾

فيترتب وجود الطائر على نفخه الذي وقع بالإذن ويكون ترتبه عليه على وجه التحقيق ( وإذا ) تعلق المجرور بقوله فيكون

so the existence of the bird becomes consequent upon his blowing, which occurred by permission, and its being consequent upon it is by way of verification. (And if) the prepositional phrase is attached to his saying 'it becomes'

Jāmī

﴿كان النافخ نافخا لا عن الإذن فيكون التكوين﴾

أي التكوين ( للطائر ) بالإذن ( ويكون العامل ) في المجرور

that is, the engendering (of the bird) is by permission (and the governing word) for the prepositional phrase becomes

Bālī Zāde

﴿وإذا كان النافخ نافخا لا عن الإذن فيكون التكوين للطائر طائرا … بإذن اللّه فيكون العامل عند ذلك يكون﴾

هذا هو جهة التوهم فثبت أن حقيقة عيسى عليه السلام من ماء متوهم. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

this is the aspect of imagination. Thus it is established that the reality of Jesus, peace be upon him, is from an imagined water. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Words 33–34 · 1 of 5

عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿عند ذلك﴾

قوله : ( فيكون ) فنسبة التكوين إلى عيسى عليه السلام وترتبه على نفخه تكون على وجه التوهم ( فلو لا أن الأمر ) ، أي أمر عيسى بحسب أصل خلقته

his saying (it becomes) - so the ascription of the engendering to Jesus, peace be upon him, and its being consequent upon his blowing, would be by way of imagination (Were it not that the matter) - that is, the matter of Jesus according to the origin of his creation -

Words 35–39 · 1 of 5

يَكُونُ فَلَوْلَا أَنَّ فِي الأَمْرِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلو لا أن في الأمر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي في حقيقة عيسى عليه السلام

i.e., in the reality of Jesus, peace be upon him

Jāmī

﴿توهما وتحققا ما قبلت هذه الصورة﴾

الكلامية التي وقعت في بيان معجزاته

this discursive form which occurs in the exposition of his miracles

Bālī Zāde

﴿توهما تحققا ما قبلت هذه الصورة﴾

صورة الآيات وصورة عيسى عليه السلام

and a verified [element], this form would not have admitted] the form of the signs and the form of Jesus, peace be upon him

Ibn Turka

﴿ما قبلت هذه الصورة هذين الوجهين ، بل لها هذان الوجهان لأن النشأة العيسويّة تعطي ذلك﴾

ما ظهر من عيسى من جهة انتسابه إلى مريم ونفخ جبرئيل عليه السّلام إنّ سائر ما يظهر من عيسى من جلائل الأحوال وكرائم الأخلاق كلَّها ، إمّا أن يكون محقّقا من جهة مريم - من الأوصاف العبديّة الخلقيّة - وإمّا مقدّرا من جهة جبرئيل وروحانيّته المعنويّة من الله من الأوصاف الإلهيّة ( و ) من ذلك أنه : قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

- that is, what manifests from Jesus by virtue of his relation to Mary and Gabriel's blowing, upon him be peace. All the rest of what manifests from Jesus of exalted states and noble character traits - all of it is either actualized by virtue of Mary, from the created, servantly attributes, or ordained by virtue of Gabriel and his meaning-spirituality from God, from the divine attributes. And among that is: The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿هذين الوجهين﴾

أي وجهي التحقيق والتوهم

that is, the aspects of verification and imagination

Bālī Zāde

﴿في هذين الوجهين بل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ثابت أو مختص ( لها ) أي لهذه الصورة

it is established or specific (to it) i.e., to this form

Words 49–50 · 1 of 5

بَلْ لَهَا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿بل لها﴾

أي لتلك الصورة الكلامية

that is, that discursive form has

Jāmī

﴿هذان الوجهان ، لأن النشأة العيسوية تعطى ذلك … وخرج عيسى … من التواضع إلى أن شرع﴾

على بناء الفاعل ، أي شرع عيسى

in the passive construction, that is, Jesus legislated

Bālī Zāde

﴿هذان الوجهان لأن النشأة﴾

أي الحقيقة ( العيسوية يعطي ذلك ) الوجهين للصورة العيسوية . ( وخرج عيسى عليه السلام من التواضع إلى أن شرّع ) بتشديد الراء ( لامته ) فسرى ذلك التواضع الحاصل لعيسى عليه السلام من جهة أمّه إلى

i.e., the reality (of Jesus confers that) — the two aspects — upon the Jesus-like form. (And Jesus, peace be upon him, emerged from humility to the point that he prescribed) with doubling of the rā' (for his community), so that humility, which came to Jesus, peace be upon him, from the side of his mother, flowed on to

al-Qāshānī

﴿وخرج عيسى من التواضع إلى أن شرع لأمته أن يعطوا الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون ، وأن أحدهم إذا لطم في خده وضع الخد الآخر لمن يلطمه ولا يرتفع عليه ولا يطلب القصاص منه ، هذا له من جهة أمه إذ المرأة لها السفل فلها التواضع لأنها تحت الرجل حكما وحسا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لما كان ماء المرأة محققا كان الغالب على أحواله الجسمانية الخصال الانفعالية واللين لما في الإناث من السفل حكما لقوله – " الرِّجالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّساءِ " - وقوله – " لِلرِّجالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ " - و – " لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ " - وشهادة امرأتين بشهادة رجل واحد وحسا ظاهر. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

ruling (ḥukman) and in sense (ḥissan)] - since the woman's water was actualized, what predominated in his corporeal states were the passive/receptive traits and gentleness, because the female possesses the lower [station] by ruling, according to His saying - "Men are the maintainers over women" - and His saying - "Men have a degree above them" - and "the male has the share of two females" - and the testimony of two women equals the testimony of one man; and [she is beneath him] in sense, [which is] evident. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Jandī

﴿وخرج عيسى من التواضع إلى أن شرّع لأمّته أن " يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صاغِرُونَ " وأنّ أحدهم إذا لطم في خدّه وضع الخدّ الآخر أن يلطمه ، ولا يرتفع عليه ، ولا يطلب القصاص منه ، هذا له من جهة أمّه ، إذ المرأة لها السفل ، فلها التواضع ، لأنّها تحت الرجل حكما وحسّا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني رضي الله عنه : بقوله : « حكما » ما قال الله تعالى : " الرِّجالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّساءِ وقوله " لِلرِّجالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ " و " لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ " وغير ذلك . قلت : وأمّا حسّا فظاهر . قال رضي الله عنه

, so she possesses humility, for she is beneath the man both in [legal] judgment and in sense-perception.] He, may God be pleased with him, means by his saying "in judgment" what God Most High said: "Men are the maintainers over women," and His saying "Men have a degree above them," and "the male has the share of two females," and other than that. I say: as for sense-perception, that is evident. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿خرج عيسى من التواضع ، إلى أن شرع لامّته أن يعطوا الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون ،وأنّ أحدهم إذا لطم في خدّه وضع الخدّ الآخر لمن لطمه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي لا يكون في صدد الانتقام . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is, he is not disposed toward retaliation. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿لأمته أن يعطوا الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

متواضعون عاجلون لأنفسهم حقيرا منقاد

humble, hastening [to comply] for themselves, lowly, submissive

Bālī Zāde

﴿أن يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صاغِرُونَ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي متذللون متواضعون جاعلون لأنفسهم حقيرا ذليلا منقادا . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

i.e., self-abasing, humble, making themselves lowly, submissive, compliant. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿وأن أحدهم إذا لطم في خده وضع الخد الآخر﴾

وأداره ( لمن يطلمه ) ، أي لا يكون بصدد الانتقام

and present it (to the one who strikes him), that is, he should not be in a position of seeking vengeance

Bālī Zāde

﴿وأن أحدهم إذا لطم في خده وضع الخد الآخر لمن يلطمه ولا يرتفع عليه ولا يطلب القصاص منه هذا له﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي هذا التواضع حاصل لعيسى عليه السلام

i.e., this humility belongs to Jesus, peace be upon him

Ibn Turka

﴿ولا يرتفع عليه ، ولا يطلب القصاص منه - هذا له من جهة امّه ، إذ المرأة لها السفل ، فلها التواضع ، لأنها تحت الرجل حكما﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي من حيث المرتبة والشرف ، ولذلك ترى نصيبه ضعف نصيبها في قوله : " لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ " [ 4 / 11 ] وشهادة اثنين منها بشهادة واحد منه ، ( وحسّا ) أي من حيث الوجود واقتضاء أصل الطبيعة ، ووضع الجزية صورة التحتيّة الحكميّة ، كما أنّ احتمال اللطم صورة التحتيّة الحسّية ، هذا ما له من جهة امّه . وفيه تلويح أنّ الأوضاع المشروعة لامّته ما له من جهة امّه . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

i.e., from the standpoint of rank and nobility, and that is why you see his share is double her share in His saying: "To the male is the equivalent of the portion of two females" [4/11], and the testimony of two women equals the testimony of one man, (and sensibly) i.e., from the standpoint of existence and the requirement of the root of nature, and the imposition of the jizya is the form of ruling-subordination, just as enduring a slap is the form of sensory subordination - this is what belongs to him from the side of his mother. And in it there is an indication that the prescribed ordinances for his community belong to him from the side of his mother. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿ولا يرتفع عليه﴾

أي على اللاطم

that is, against the one who struck him

Words 87–101 · 1 of 5

وَلَا يَطْلُبُ القِصَاصَ مِنْهُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ولا يطلب القصاص منه هذا له من جهة أمه إذ المرأة لها السفل فلها التواضع﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وإنما قلنا : المرأة لها السفل

, so she has humility] And we said: the woman has the lower [station]

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.