Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶8 in the text

8 · 69 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

هَذَا لَهُ مِنْ جِهَةِ أُمِّهِ إِذِ المَرْأَةُ لَهَا السُّفْلُ فَلَهَا التَّوَاضُعُ لِأَنَّهَا تَحْتَ الرَّجُلِ حُكْمًا وَحِسًّا وَمَا كَانَ فِيهِ مِنْ قُوَّةِ الإِحْيَاءِ وَالإِبْرَاءِ فَمِنْ جِهَةِ نَفْخِ جِبْرِيلَ فِي صُورَةِ البَشَرِ فَكَانَ عِيسَىٰ يُحْيِي المَوْتَىٰ بِصُورَةِ البَشَرِ وَلَوْ لَمْ يَأْتِ جِبْرِيلُ فِي صُورَةِ البَشَرِ وَأَتَىٰ فِي صُورَةٍ غَيْرِهَا مِنْ صُوَرِ الأَكْوَانِ العُنْصُرِيَّةِ مِنْ حَيَوَانٍ أَوْ نَبَاتٍ أَوْ جَمَادٍ لَكَانَ عِيسَىٰ لَا يُحْيِي المَوْتَىٰ إِلَّا حَتَّىٰ يَتَلَبَّسَ بِتِلْكَ الصُّورَةِ وَيَظْهَرُ فِيهَا

This [humility] belongs to him from the side of his mother, since to woman belongs lowness; so to her belongs humility, because she is beneath the man in [legal] status and in sensory [fact]. And whatever power of giving life and of healing was in him came from the side of the blowing of Gabriel in the form of a human being. Thus Jesus would revive the dead in the form of a human being. Had Gabriel not come in the form of a human being, but come in some other form among the forms of elemental engendered beings (animal, plant, or mineral), then Jesus would not revive the dead until he had clothed himself in that form and become manifest in it.

On the whole passage · 4 of 5

al-Qāshānī

﴿وما كان فيه من قوة الإحياء والإبراء فمن جهة نفخ جبريل في صورة البشر فكان عيسى يحيى الموتى بصورة البشر ، ولو لم يأت جبريل في صورة البشر وأتى في صورة غيرها من صور الأكوان العنصرية من حيوان أو نبات أو جماد كان عيسى لا يحيى الموتى إلا حين يتلبس بتلك الصورة ويظهر فيها ، ولو أتى جبريل بالصور النورية الخارجة عن العناصر والأركان إذ لا يخرج عن طبيعته لكان عيسى لا يحيى الموتى إلا حين يظهر في تلك الصورة النورية لا العنصرية مع الصورة البشرية من جهة أمه فكان يقال فيه عند إحيائه الموتى هو لا هو ، وتقع الحيرة في النظر إليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لما كان الإحياء والإبراء من خصائص الأرواح ، لأن الحياة لها ذاتية كانت له خاصية الإحياء من جهة جبريل ، فكان عيسى ينتسب إليه في تلك الخاصية على الصورة التي تمثل بها عند النفخ وإلقاء الكلمة إلى مريم ، لأنه عليه السلام نتيجة تلك الصورة ولهذا يغلب على الولد ما يغلب على الوالد من الأخلاق والهيئات النفسانية حين ينفصل عنه مادة الولد ، ولو أتى بصورة غير الصورة البشرية لما قدر عيسى على الإحياء إلا في تلك الصورة سواء كانت عنصرية عارضية مما له عليها حكم وسلطنة أو نورية طبيعية له . ومعنى قوله : إذ لا يخرج عن طبيعته أنه لا يتجاوز عن صورته النورية الطبيعية إلى ما فوقه ، لأن التمثل بصورة ما تحت قهره وسلطنته في قوته ومنعته كما في صورة العنصريات ، وفيه إشارة إلى أن جبريل سلطان العناصر . وعلى الأصل الذي قررناه فله أن يتمثل بصورة ما في حيز الفلك السابع وجميع ما تحته ، وليس في قوته أن يتمثل في صورة ما فوق السدرة . هذا على ما ذكره الشيخ قدس سره : وعندي أن جبريل لو لم يتمثل بصورة البشر لم يتولد عيسى من ماء مريم ونفخه لعدم الجنسية بينه وبين مريم ، ولم تسر الشهوة فيها فضلا عن عدم قدرته على الإحياء في تلك الصورة ويعضد ما قلناه قوله : على تقدير تمثل جبريل عن إلقاء الكلمة إليها في الصورة النورية لكان عيسى لا يحيى الموتى إلا حين يظهر في تلك الصورة الطبيعية النورية مع الصورة البشرية من جهة أمه . وذلك لأن النسبتين يجب كونهما محفوظين فيه عند فعله فكذا يجب حفظ النسبة بين أصليهما في تكونه ، ولو كان عيسى عند الإحياء متمثلا في الصورة النورية الجبريلية مع الصورة البشرية لما في سنخه لكان متحولا عن الطينة البشرية إلى الجوهر النوري ، ولكان يقال فيه إنه عيسى بحسب الهيئة البشرية ليس بعيسى بحسب الجوهر النوري ، فتقع فيه الحيرة من الناظرين ولم تتحقق فائدة الإعجاز قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

pillars (al-arkān) - since he does not go beyond his [own] nature - Jesus would not have given life to the dead except when he manifested in that luminous form, not the elemental one, together with the human form from the side of his mother; so it would be said of him, at the time of his giving life to the dead, "he, not he," and bewilderment would occur in beholding him] - since giving life and healing are among the properties specific to spirits, life belonging to them essentially, [Jesus] had the property of giving life from the side of Gabriel, so Jesus was ascribed, in that property, to the form in which [Gabriel] was represented at the time of the breathing and the casting of the Word to Mary - for he, peace be upon him, is the product of that form, and for this reason the child tends to predominantly bear the character traits and psychic dispositions that predominate in the father, at the moment the child's matter separates from him. Had [Gabriel] come in a form other than the human form, Jesus would not have had power to give life except in that [other] form - whether elemental/accidental, over which he has authority and dominion, or luminous/natural, which is his own. The meaning of his saying "since he does not go beyond his nature" is that [Gabriel] does not transgress beyond his natural luminous form to what is above it, because representation in a given form is [possible only] within what lies under his subjugation and dominion, in his power and might - as with elemental forms - and in this there is an indication that Gabriel is the sovereign of the elements. And on the basis we have established, he may represent himself in any form within the confines of the seventh celestial sphere and all beneath it, but it is not within his power to represent himself in a form above the Lote-Tree (al-sidra). This is according to what the Shaykh, may his secret be sanctified, has mentioned. But in my view, had Gabriel not represented himself in human form, Jesus would not have been generated from Mary's water and his breathing, for lack of genus-correspondence (jinsiyya) between him and Mary, nor would desire have run through her - let alone the question of his incapacity to give life in that [other] form. And what supports what we have said is his statement: on the supposition that Gabriel had represented himself, in casting the Word to her, in the luminous form, Jesus would not have given life to the dead except when he manifested in that luminous natural form together with the human form from the side of his mother. That is because the two relations (nisbatān) must be preserved in him at the time of his acting, and so likewise the relation between their two origins must be preserved in his formation (takwīn); and had Jesus, at the moment of giving life, been represented in the luminous Gabrielian form together with the human form proper to his makeup, he would have been transformed from the human clay into the luminous substance, and it would be said of him: "he is Jesus in respect of the human configuration, [but] he is not Jesus in respect of the luminous substance" - so bewilderment would befall those who looked upon him, and the benefit of the miracle would not be realized. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Jandī

﴿وما كان فيه من قوّة الإحياء والإبراء فمن جهة نفخ جبرئيل في صورة البشر فكان عيسى يحيي الموتى بصورة البشر ، ولو لم يأت جبرئيل في صورة البشر وأتى في صورة غيره من صور الأكوان العنصرية من حيوان أو نبات أو جماد ، لكان عيسى عليه السّلام لا يحيي الموتى إلَّا حين يتلبّس بتلك الصورة ولو أتى جبرئيل في صورته النورية الخارجة عن العناصر والأركان - إذ لا يخرج عن طبيعته - لكان عيسى لا يحيي الموتى إلَّا حين يظهر في تلك الصورة الطبيعية النورية لا العنصرية مع الصورة البشرية من جهة أمّه ، فكان يقال فيه عند إحيائه الموتى : « هو لا هو » وتقع الحيرة في النظر إليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يشير ضي الله عنه : فيما سردنا وأوردنا من نصّ الفصّ إلى أنّ الإحياء والإبراء من خصائص الأرواح ، لكونها جملة أسماء اللاهوت ، وإحياء عيسى لما أحياء من جهة جبرئيل الأمين ، فإنّ الحياة للأرواح ذاتية ، فإنّها أنفاس رحمانية ، وإحياء عيسى وغيره ممّن أحيا فمن الروح الأمين أو غيره ، فلا يكون الإحياء منه إلَّا إذا كان عيسى على تلك الصورة التي كان عليها جبرئيل حين تمثّل لإلقاء الكلمة إلى مريم . وفيما ذكر رضي الله عنه : إشارة أيضا إلى أنّ جبرئيل سلطان العناصر ، وأنّ له أن يظهر في السماوات السبع وما تحتها من العنصريات والعناصر لأهلها بأيّ صورة شاء من صور العنصريات بحسب الموطن والمقام والمناسبة واستعداد من ظهر له ، وأنّ صورته الأصلية غير عنصرية ، بل طبيعية نورية ما بين الثامن والسابع ، وأنّه ليس له أن يخرج عن هذه الطبيعة التي هي له بالأصالة إلى ما فوقها إلَّا أن يشاء الله ، فهو لا يتعدّى سدرة المنتهى . فلو كان تمثّل جبرئيل عند النفخ في صورة عنصر أو عنصرين ، لما كان الإحياء من عيسى إلَّا بعد ظهوره بتلك الصورة ، ولو كان جبرئيل إذ ذاك في صورته الأصلية الطبيعية النورية ، لكان الحكم كالحكم في الواقع ، فلم يكن يحيي عيسى إلَّا إذا ظهر في صورة جبرئيل الأصلية مع جمعه بين ذلك وبين صورته البشرية من جهة أمّه ، إذ لا يخرج على كل حال عن صورته الأصلية وطبيعته ، فلا بدّ له من الظهور بصورة أصله من جهة جبرئيل ومن جهة أمّه ، حتى لا يخرج بالكلَّية عن طبيعته وصورته الإنسانية . فيقال فيه : « هو لا هو » وفات المراد المطلوب وهو إحياؤه وإبراؤه في صورة بشرية ، وإلَّا لكان إحياء عيسى على ذلك التقدير في تلك الصورة الجبرئيلية مع الصورة البشرية ، فيراه الرائي متحوّلا من صورته العيسوية إلى صورته الجبرئيلية ووقعت الحيرة . قال رضي الله عنه

He, may God be pleased with him, indicates, in what we have recounted and cited from the text of the Faṣṣ, that giving-life and healing are among the special properties of the spirits, since they comprise the totality of the divine names, and that Jesus's giving life to whomever he gave life was from the side of Gabriel the Trustworthy; for life belongs to spirits essentially, since they are the Breaths of the All-Merciful (anfās raḥmāniyya). The giving of life by Jesus and by others who gave life was from the Trustworthy Spirit or another, so the giving of life would not come from him except when Jesus was in that form which Gabriel had been in when he took shape to cast the Word to Mary. In what he mentioned, may God be pleased with him, there is also an indication that Gabriel is the sovereign of the elements, and that he may appear in the seven heavens and what is beneath them of elemental things and elements, to their people, in whatever form of elemental forms he wishes, according to the locale, station, appropriateness, and the preparedness (istiʿdād) of the one to whom he appears; and that his original form is not elemental, but rather natural and luminous, [situated] between the eighth and seventh [heavens]; and that it is not for him to depart from this nature which is originally his to what is above it, except that God will it—for he does not go beyond the Lote-Tree of the Utmost Boundary (sidrat al-muntahā). Now had Gabriel's taking-form at the breathing been in the shape of one element or two, the giving of life by Jesus would not have occurred except after his appearing in that form; and had Gabriel at that time been in his original natural luminous form, the ruling would have been as it is in fact—Jesus would not have given life except when he appeared in Gabriel's original form, combined with his human form from the side of his mother, since in any case he does not depart from his original form and nature. So he must necessarily appear in the form of his origin, both from the side of Gabriel and from the side of his mother, so that he not depart entirely from his nature and his human form. Thus it would be said of him: "he, not he," and the intended purpose would be missed, namely his giving life and healing in human form. Otherwise, Jesus's giving of life, on that supposition, would have been in that Gabriel-like form together with the human form, so that the observer would see him transforming from his Jesus-like form to his Gabriel-like form, and bewilderment would occur.] He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿فكان عيسى يحيي الموتى بصورة البشر ، ولو لم يأت جبرئيل بصورة البشر وأتى في صورة غيرها من صور الأكوان العنصريّة - من حيوان أو نبات أو جماد - لكان عيسى لا يحيي الموتى إلا حين يتلبّس بتلك الصورة ويظهر فيها ، ولو أتى جبرئيل بصورته النوريّة الخارجة عن العناصر والأركان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لا الطبيعة . ( إذ لا تخرج عن طبيعتها) - فإنّ الكل داخل تحت الطبيعة بما عرفت من قبل -

not outside nature. (since it does not depart from its nature) - for the whole falls under nature, as you have come to know previously -

Bālī Zāde

﴿وما كان فيه من قوة الإحياء والإبراء فمن جهة نفخ جبريل في صورة البشر فكان عيسى يحيى الموتى بصورة البشر ، ولو لم يأت جبريل في صورة البشر وأتى في صورة غيرها من صور الأكوان العنصرية من حيوان أو نبات أو جماد كان عيسى لا يحيى الموتى إلا حين يتلبس بتلك الصورة ويظهر فيها ، ولو أتى جبريل بالصور النورية الخارجة عن العناصر والأركان إذ لا يخرج عن طبيعته لكان عيسى لا يحيى الموتى إلا حين يظهر في تلك الصورة النورية لا العنصرية مع الصورة البشرية من جهة أمه فكان يقال فيه عند إحيائه الموتى هو لا هو ، وتقع الحيرة في النظر إليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( فكان يقال فيه ) حين تلبسه بالصورتين عند إحيائه الموتى ( هو ) من حيث تلبسه بالصورة البشرية ( لا هو ) من حيث تلبسه بالصورة النورية

not he, and bewilderment would occur in regarding him] (So it was said of him), at his being clothed with the two forms, at his giving life to the dead: (he) from the respect of his being clothed with the human form, (not he) from the respect of his being clothed with the luminous form

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8126); moved here

Bālī Zāde

﴿من جهة أمّه إذ المرأة لها السفل﴾

في الحقيقة ( فلها التواضع في الصورة لأنها تحت الرجل حكما ) كما في قوله تعالىالرِّجالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّساءِ. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( وحسا ) كما في التصرف فما كان فيه وأمته من الضعف فهو من جهة أمّه

in reality, (so humility belongs to her in form, because she is beneath the man ruling-wise), as in His saying, Exalted is He: "Men are maintainers over women." The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (and sensibly) as in [the matter of] disposal/authority. So whatever weakness was in him and in his community is from the side of his mother

Words 12–15 · 1 of 5

لِأَنَّهَا تَحْتَ الرَّجُلِ حُكْمًا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿لأنها تحت الرجل حكما﴾

أي أدون منه في الأحكام الشرعية وغيرها ولذلك ترى جعل نصيبه قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (وما كان فيه من قوة الإحياء والإبراء فمن جهة نفخ جبريل في صورة البشر. فكان عيسى يحيي الموتى بصورة البشر. ولم يأت جبريل في صورة البشر وأتى في صورة غيرها من صور الأكوان العنصرية من حيوان أو نبات أو جماد لكان عيسى لا يحيى إلا حتى يتلبس بتلك الصورة ويظهر فيها. ولو أتى جبريل أيضا بصورته النورية الخارجة عن العناصر والأركان إذ لا يخرج عن طبيعته لكان عيسى لا يحيي الموتى إلا حتى يطهر في تلك الصورة الطبيعية النورية لا العنصرية مع الصورة البشرية من جهة أمه. ضعف نصيبها في قوله :"لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ"[ البقرة : 11 ] وشهادة اثنين منها بشهادة واحد منه ( وحسا ) ، وهو ظاهر

ruling, beneath the man] that is, lesser than him in legal rulings and otherwise, and that is why you see [this reflected in] the appointment of his share - the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (And whatever power of giving-life and healing he had was from the aspect of Gabriel's blowing in the form of a human. So Jesus gave life to the dead in the form of the human. Had Gabriel not come in human form, but had come in some other form among the forms of elemental created things - animal, plant, or mineral - Jesus would not have given life except by assuming that form and manifesting in it. And had Gabriel also come in his luminous form, external to the elements and the [four] principles, since he does not depart from his nature, Jesus would not have given life to the dead except by manifesting in that natural luminous form, not the elemental one, together with the human form from the side of his mother) - the weakness of her share in His saying: ('For the male is the share of two females' [al-Baqara: 11]), and the testimony of two of her [kind] equals the testimony of one of him (and sensibly), and that is evident

Ibn Turka

﴿وما كان فيه من قوّة الإحياء والإبراء فمن جهة نفخ جبرئيل عليه السّلام في صورة البشر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وأنت عرفت أن من شأن الحكم الإلهي واقتضاء الوجوب ظهور الأثر بصورة مؤثّره ، وتكوّن الولد على هيئة والده ، ولذلك لما أتى جبرئيل عند النفخ بصورة البشر . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

You have come to know that it is the way of the divine decree and the requirement of necessity that the effect manifest in the form of its effector, and that the child comes into being upon the shape of his father - and that is why, when Gabriel came at the time of the breathing, he came in human form. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿وما كان فيه … من قوة الإحياء والإبراء فمن جهة نفخ جبريل﴾

عليه السلام حال كونه متمثل

peace be upon him, while he was manifesting himself

Bālī Zāde

﴿وما كان فيه من قوة الإحياء والإبراء فمن جهة نفخ جبرائيل عليه السلام في صورة البشر فكان عيسى عليه السلام يحيي الموتى بصورة البشر … ولو لم يأت جبرائيل عليه السلام في صورة البشر وأتى في صورة غيرها من صور الأكوان العنصرية من حيوان أو نبات أو جماد لكان عيسى عليه السلام لا يحيي الموتى إلا حين يتلبس بتلك الصورة ويظهر فيها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(ولو أتى جبرائيل عليه السلام بصورته النورية الخارجية عن العناصر ) والسماوات فإن كلها عنصرية . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

(and had Gabriel, peace be upon him, come in his luminous form, external to the elements) and the heavens, for all of them are elemental. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿في صورة البشر فكان عيسى عليه السلام يحيي الموتى … بصورة البشر ولو لم يأت جبريل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

حين النفخ في مريم

at the time of blowing into Mary

Words 38–42 · 1 of 5

لَمْ يَأْتِ جِبْرِيلُ فِي صُورَةِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿كما كان جبريل في صورة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

البشر أول ( ولا نفخ منه ) في مريم

form (without any blowing from him yet) into Mary

Jāmī

﴿في صورة البشر وأتى في صورة غيرهما من صور الأكوان العنصرية من حيوان أو نبات أو جماد لكان عيسى لا يحيي الموتى إلا حين يتلبس بتلك الصورة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي تمثل تلك الصورة التي أتى فيها جبريل

that is, took on the likeness of that form in which Gabriel came

Words 68–69 · 1 of 5

وَيَظْهَرُ فِيهَا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ويظهر فيها﴾

ولكن مع الصورة البشرية من جهة أمه فتلبس عيسى بتلك الصورة إنما يجب بقدر ما يمكن أن يجتمع مع الصورة البشرية . وذلك لأن ظهور خواص الوالدين وأحكامهما في الولد إنما هو بحسب تكونه على صورتهما ، أي أن البغل المتولد من الفرس والحمار إنما تجري عليه أحكام الفرس من حسن الجري وشدة العدو ولما فيه من الصورة الفرسية . وكذلك خواص الحمار توجد فيه لما فيه من صورة الحمارية

but together with the human form from the side of his mother, so Jesus's being clothed in that form is only necessary to the extent that it can coexist with the human form. That is because the manifestation of the properties and rulings of the two parents in the offspring occurs only insofar as the offspring is formed according to their two forms—that is, the mule produced from a mare and a donkey has the properties of the horse applied to it, such as fine gait and speed of running, because of the equine form present in it. Likewise the properties of the donkey are found in it because of the asinine form present in it.

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.