Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَفْثِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ شِيثِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶14 in the text

14 · 70 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

وليسَ هذا العِلْمُ إِلَّا لِخاتَمِ الرُّسُلِ وخاتَمِ الأَوْلِياءِ وما يَراهُ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الأَنْبِياءِ والرُّسُلِ إِلَّا مِنْ مِشْكَاةِ الرَّسُولِ الخَتْمِ ولا يَراهُ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الأَوْلِياءِ مِنْ مِشْكَاةِ الوَلِيِّ الخاتَمِ حتى إنَّ الرُّسُلَ لا يَرَوْنَهُ مَتى رَأَوْهُ إِلَّا مِنْ مِشْكَاةِ خاتَمِ الأَوْلِياءِ فإنَّ الرِّسالَةَ والنُّبُوَّةَ أَعْني نُبُوَّةَ التَّشْرِيعِ ورِسالَتَهُ تَنْقَطِعانِ والوَلَايَةُ لا تَنْقَطِعُ أَبَدًا فالمُرْسَلُونَ مِنْ كَوْنِهِمْ أَوْلِياءَ لا يَرَوْنَ ما ذَكَرْناهُ إِلَّا مِنْ مِشْكَاةِ خاتَمِ الأَوْلِياءِ فَكَيْفَ مَنْ دُونَهُمْ مِنَ الأَوْلِياءِ

And this knowledge belongs only to the Seal of the messengers and the Seal of the saints; and none of the prophets and messengers sees it except from the niche of the sealing Messenger, and none of the saints sees it except from the niche of the sealing saint, so much so that the messengers do not see it (whenever they do see it) except from the niche of the Seal of the saints. For messengerhood and prophethood (I mean the prophethood of law-giving and its messengerhood) come to an end, whereas sainthood never comes to an end. So the messengers, insofar as they are friends of God, do not see what we have mentioned except from the niche of the Seal of the saints; so how [could it be otherwise with] those saints who are below them?

On the whole passage · 1 of 6

Only al-Tilimsānī comments here.

al-Tilimsānī

﴿فإن الرسالة والنبوة أعني نبوة التشريع ورسالته تنقطعان، والولاية لا تنقطع أبدا. فالمرسلون من كونهم أولياء لا يرون ما ذكرناه إلا من مشكاة خاتم الأولياء، فكيف من دونهم من الأولياء؟ وإن كان خاتم الأولياء تابعا في الحكم لما جاء به خاتم الرسل من التشريع، فذلك لا يقدح في مقامه ولا يناقض ما ذهبنا إليه، فإنه من وجه يكون أنزل كما أنه من وجه يكون أعلى.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فقال رضي الله عنه

He, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وليس هذا العلم إلا لخاتم الرسل وخاتم الأولياء﴾

لأن الإحاطة بجميع المقامات والمراتب، كليها و جزئيها، جليلها وحقيرها، والتميز بينها، لا يكون إلا لمن له الاسم الأعظم ظاهرا وباطنا، وهو خاتم الرسل وخاتم الأولياء. أما خاتم الرسل، فلكون غيره من الأنبياء لا يشاهدون الحق ومراتبه إلا من مشكاته الممدة له من الباطن، و أما خاتم الأولياء، فلأن غيره من الأولياء لا يأخذون ما لهم إلا منه، حتى أن الرسل، أيضا، لا يرون الحق إلا من مشكاته ومقامه. وإليه أشار بقوله

because encompassing all the stations and levels — their universals and particulars, their sublime and their lowly — and distinguishing between them, belongs to none but the one who possesses the Greatest Name, both manifestly and nonmanifestly, and that is the Seal of the Messengers and the Seal of the Saints. As for the Seal of the Messengers, it is because the other prophets do not witness the Real and His levels except from his niche (mishkāt), which is extended to them from the nonmanifest. As for the Seal of the Saints, it is because the other saints receive nothing of what is theirs except from him — indeed, even the Messengers do not see the Real except from his niche and his station. To this he alluded in his saying:

Ibn Turka

﴿وليس هذا العلم إلا لخاتم الرسل وخاتم الأولياء﴾

فإنهما هما الواصلان في الحقائق والمعارف إلى أقاصي كمالها بجزئياتها وكلياتها ، وصورها ومعانيها ، وهي حضرة متعانق الأطراف ومجتمع الأضداد ، كما علم من آثارها ، حيث أن الجهل في عين العلم بها ، والعجز عن إدراكها هو إدرا كها ، وأن معلوميتها تقتضي الخفاء ومجهوليتها الإظهار إلى غير ذلك وهذه الحضرة هي المسماة في لسان الاصطلاح بالهوية المطلقة والتعين الأول ، يقال لها بهذا الاعتبار الحقيقة المحمدية ، فإن الحقيقة من كل أحد هي مستند المعرفة التي له من الحق . ولذلك قال

for they are the two who have attained, in realities and forms of knowledge, to the utmost limits of their perfection — in their particulars and universals, their forms and their meanings. And this is the Presence of embracing extremes and the gathering of opposites, as is known from its effects: that ignorance is itself knowledge of it, that incapacity to comprehend it is [itself] its comprehension, and that its being known requires concealment while its being unknown requires manifestation, and so on. This Presence is the one termed, in technical parlance, the Absolute Ihood (al-huwiyya al-muṭlaqa) and the First Entification (al-taʿayyun al-awwal); it is called, in this respect, the Muhammadan Reality, for the reality of each individual is the ground of the knowledge he has of the Real. Hence he said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿وليس هذا العلم إلا لخاتم الرسل وخاتم الأولياء﴾

أي لا يتأتى علم العطايا الذاتية الذي أعطى السكوت لا حد من الله بالذات إلا لخاتم الرسل من حيث رسوليته وخاتم الأولياء من حيث ولايته . والمراد بخاتم الأولياء ههنا خاتم الولاية المحمدية يدل عليه قوله من بعد وأما خاتم الأولياء فلا بد له من هذه الرؤيا فقد ذكر في الفتوحات أنه رأى هذه الرؤيا فعبرها بانختام الولاية فذكر منامه للمشايخ الذين كان في عصرهم ولم يقل من الرأي فأولوه بما عبر به . والظاهر أن المراد بخاتم الأولياء نفسه رضي الله عنه ومن قال : المراد بخاتم الأولياء عيسى عليه السلام اختلط عليه الأمر. فإن عيسى عليه السلام خاتم الولاية العامة والولاية الخاصة المحمدية غير الولاية العامة وكذا ختمهما . فعیسی علیه السلام، وإن كان رسولا وخاتما للولاية العامة لكنه يأخذ العلم من مشكاة ختم الولاية كسائر الأنبياء والرسل (وما يراه أحد من الأنبياء والرسل من حيث نبوتهم ورسالتهم

that is, the knowledge of the essential gifts (ʿaṭāyā dhātiyya) which silence gave cannot be attained by anyone from God by way of the Essence (al-dhāt) except the Seal of the Messengers in respect of his messengerhood, and the Seal of the Saints in respect of his sainthood (walāya). What is meant here by "Seal of the Saints" is the Seal of Muhammadan Sainthood, as is indicated by his later statement, "As for the Seal of the Saints, he must necessarily have this vision." For he [Ibn ʿArabī] mentioned in the Futūḥāt that he saw this vision and interpreted it as the sealing of sainthood; he related his dream to the shaykhs who were his contemporaries, without stating whose it was, and they interpreted it in accordance with what he had interpreted. It is apparent that what is meant by "Seal of the Saints" is himself, may God be pleased with him. Whoever says that what is meant by "Seal of the Saints" is Jesus, peace be upon him, has confused the matter. For Jesus, peace be upon him, is the Seal of General Sainthood, whereas Muhammadan Special Sainthood is other than General Sainthood, and likewise their two seals [differ]. So Jesus, peace be upon him, although he is a messenger and the seal of general sainthood, nevertheless takes knowledge from the niche of the Seal of Sainthood, like the rest of the prophets and messengers ("and none of the prophets and messengers sees, in respect of their prophethood and messengerhood,"

al-Qāshānī

﴿إلا لخاتم الرسل وخاتم الأولياء ، وما يراه أحد من الأنبياء والرسل إلا من مشكاة الرسول الخاتم ، ولا يراه أحد من الأولياء ، إلا من مشكاة الولى الخاتم ، حتى أن الرسل لا يرونه متى رأوه إلا من مشكاة خاتم الأولياء﴾

أي الرسل كلهم يأخذونه من خاتم الرسل وهو يأخذ من باطنه من حيث أنه خاتم الأولياء لكن لا يظهر لأن وصف رسالته يمنعه فإذا ظهر باطنه في صورة خاتم الأولياء يظهره . والحاصل أن الرسل والأولياء كلهم يرونه من مشكاة خاتم الأولياء

that is, all the messengers receive it from the Seal of Messengers, and he receives it from his own inner reality (bāṭin) inasmuch as he is the Seal of Saints — though this does not become manifest, because the attribute of his messengerhood prevents it; but when his inner reality manifests in the form of the Seal of Saints, it becomes manifest through him. The upshot is that the messengers and the saints, all of them, see it [only] from the niche of the Seal of Saints

Jāmī

﴿إلا لخاتم الرسل وخاتم الأولياء وما يراه﴾

أي يرى هذا العلم والشهود وما يأخذه

i.e., sees this knowledge and witnessing, and takes it

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وما يراه أحد من الأنبياء والرسل إلا من مشكاة الرسول الخاتم، ولا يراه أحد من الأولياء إلا من مشكاة الولي الخاتم، حتى أن الرسل لا يرونه متى رأوه إلا من مشكاة خاتم الأولياء﴾

واعلم ، أن الأنبياء مظاهر أمهات أسماء الحق، وهي داخلة في الاسم الأعظم الجامع، ومظهره الحقيقة المحمدية، لذلك صارت أمته خير الأمم و شهداء عليهم يوم القيامة، وهو، عليه السلام، يزكيهم عند ربهم. وقال، عليه السلام: "علماء أمتي كأنبياء بنى إسرائيل " فلما كان شأن النبوة والرسالة مأخوذا من مقامه، صلى الله عليه وسلم، وقد انختمت مرتبتها وبقيت مرتبة الولاية التي هي باطن النبوة والرسالة لأنها غير منقطعة، فيظهر هذه المرتبة في الأولياء بحسب الاستعدادات التي كانت لهم شيئا فشيئا إلى أن يظهر بتمامها فيمن هو مستعد لها، وهو المراد بخاتم الأولياء، وهو عيسى عليه السلام كما سيأتي بيانه. وصاحب هذه المرتبة أيضا بحسب الباطن هو خاتم الرسل، لأنه هو مظهر الاسم الجامع. وكما أن الله يتجلى من وراء حجب الأسماء التي تحت مرتبته للخلق، كذلك هذا الخاتم يتجلى عن عالم غيبه في صورة خاتم الأولياء للخلق، فيكون هذا الخاتم مظهرا للولاية التامة، ويكون كل من الأنبياء والأولياء صاحب ولاية، وهو مظهر لجميعها، فيكون مظهر حصة كل منهما من مقام جمعه. فخاتم الرسل ما رأى الحق إلا من مرتبة ولاية نفسه، لا من مرتبة غيره، فلا يلزم النقص. ومثاله الخازن إذا أعطى بأمر السلطان للحواشي من الخزينة شيئا و للسلطان أيضا، فالسلطان أخذ منه كغيره من الحواشي ولا نقص

Know that the prophets are loci of manifestation (maẓāhir) for the mother-names of the Real, and these are subsumed within the Greatest, Comprehensive Name, whose locus of manifestation is the Muḥammadan Reality. For this reason his community became the best of communities and witnesses over them on the Day of Resurrection, and he, peace be upon him, vouches for their purity before their Lord. He, peace be upon him, said: "The scholars of my community are like the prophets of the Children of Israel." Since the affair of prophethood and messengerhood is derived from his station, God's blessings and peace be upon him, and its rank has been sealed while the rank of sainthood remains — sainthood being the nonmanifest [dimension] of prophethood and messengerhood, since it is not cut off — this rank manifests in the saints according to the preparedness (istiʿdād) they possess, gradually, until it manifests in its completeness in the one who is prepared for it, and this is what is meant by the Seal of the Saints, who is Jesus, peace be upon him, as will be explained. The possessor of this rank, also with respect to the nonmanifest, is the Seal of the Messengers, because he is the locus of manifestation of the Comprehensive Name. And just as God discloses Himself from behind the veils of the names that are beneath His rank to creation, likewise this Seal discloses himself from the world of his unseen in the form of the Seal of the Saints to creation, so that this Seal becomes the locus of manifestation of complete sainthood, and each of the prophets and saints possesses a sainthood [of his own], while he is the locus of manifestation for the totality of it, being the locus of manifestation for each one's share from the station of his comprehensiveness. So the Seal of the Messengers saw the Real only from the rank of his own sainthood, not from the rank of another's, so no deficiency follows. Its example is the treasurer who, by the sultan's command, gives to the retinue something from the treasury, and also to the sultan; the sultan takes from him like the rest of the retinue, and there is no deficiency.

Ibn Turka

﴿وما يراه أحد من الأنبياء والرسل إلا من مشكاة الرسول الخاتم ، وما يراه أحد من الأولياء إلآ من مشكاة الولي الخاتم﴾

ثم إن هذا العلم لما كان من الكمالات المعنوية والحقائق الكلية التي لا تتحول أحكامها بتبدل أجزاء الزمان ، ولا ينقرض بانقراض تنوعاته ، يكون من خصائص أطوار الولاية ولوامع أنوارها ، فكل من أظهر لمعة منه إنما يكون ذلك من عين الولاية مقتبسة من مشكاة خانمها ضرورة حتى أن الرسل لايرونه متى رأوه إلا من مشكاة خاتم الأولياء . فإن الرسالة والنبوة

except from the niche of the Seal-Messenger, and none of the saints sees [anything] except from the niche of the Seal-Saint] Then, since this knowledge belongs to the spiritual perfections and universal realities whose rulings do not change with the alternation of the parts of time, nor perish with the extinction of its varieties, it is among the properties peculiar to the phases of sainthood (walāya) and the gleams of its lights. So whoever manifests a gleam of it does so necessarily from the very entity (ʿayn) of sainthood, drawn from the niche of its Seal — to the extent that even the messengers, whenever they see it, see it only from the niche of the Seal of the Saints. For messengerhood and prophethood —

Words 11–14 · 1 of 6

أَحَدٌ مِنَ الأَنْبِياءِ والرُّسُلِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿أحد من الأنبياء والرسل﴾

من حيث أنهم أولياء لا من حيث أنهم أنبياء ورسل، فإن هذا العلم ليس من حقائق النبوة إلا من مشكوة الرسول الخاتم من حيث ولايته

insofar as they are saints, not insofar as they are prophets and messengers. For this knowledge is not among the realities of prophethood, [and comes] only from the niche of the Seal-Messenger insofar as his sainthood [is concerned]

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلا من مشكاة الرسول الخاتم ولا يراه أحد من الأولياء إلا من مشكاة الولي الخاتم حتى أن الرسل﴾

من كونهم أولياء

- in respect of their being saints -

Jāmī

﴿ولا يراه أحد من الأولياء إلا من مشكاة الولي الخاتم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

التي هي جهة باطنية الرسول والخاتم

, which is the inward aspect (jiha bāṭiniyya) of the Seal-Messenger

Words 29–31 · 1 of 6

حتى إنَّ الرُّسُلَ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿حتى أن الرسل﴾

أيضا من حيث أنهم أولياء

also, insofar as they are saints

Jāmī

﴿لا يرونه متى رأوه إلا من مشكوة خاتم الأولياء﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

التي هي مشكوة ولاية الرسول الخاتم. وإلا لم يصح كلا الحصرین معا حصر رؤية المرسلين أولا في مشكوة خاتم الأنبياء وحصرها ثانية في مشكاة خاتم الأولياء فمشكاة خاتم الأنبياء في الولاية الخاصة المحمدية وهي بعينها مشكوة خاتم الأولياء، لأنه قائم لمظهريتها وإنما أسند هذه الرؤية إلى مشكاة خاتم الأولياء

, which is the niche of the sainthood of the Seal-Messenger. Otherwise the two restrictions together would not be valid — the first restriction of the messengers' vision to the niche of the Seal of the Prophets, and the second restriction of it to the niche of the Seal of the Saints. For the niche of the Seal of the Prophets consists in the special Muḥammadan sainthood (al-walāya al-khāṣṣa al-Muḥammadiyya), which is itself the very niche of the Seal of the Saints, since he [the Seal of the Saints] stands as its locus of manifestation (maẓhariyya); and this vision is attributed to the niche of the Seal of the Saints [for that reason]

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا يرونه﴾

أي لا يأخذون هذا العلم

that is, they do not take this knowledge

Words 34–35 · 1 of 6

مَتى رَأَوْهُ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿متى رأوه﴾

أي متى أخذوه

that is, whenever they take it,

Words 36–37 · 1 of 6

إِلَّا مِنْ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلا من مشكاة … خاتم الأولياء﴾

وإنما لم يروا الرسل هذا العلم إلا من مشكاة خاتم الأولياء

and indeed the messengers see this knowledge only from the niche of the Seal of the Saints.

al-Qāshānī

﴿فإن الرسالة والنبوة أعنى نبوة التشريع ورسالته تنقطعان﴾

إنما قيد النبوة بالتشريع احترازا عن نبوة التحقيق فإن النبي له جهتان تبليغ الأحكام المتعلقة بحوادث الأكوان والإخبار عن الحق وأسمائه وصفاته وأحوال الملكوت والجبروت . وعجائب عالم الغيب وهو باعتبار التبليغ رسول وشارع ونبوته تشريعية وباعتبار الأنباء عن الغيب وتعريف الحق بذاته وأسمائه ولى ونبوته تحقيقية . فرسالة التشريع ونبوته تنقطعان لأنهما كمال له بالنسبة إلى الخلق . وأما القسم الآخر فمن مقام ولايته التي هي كمال له بالنسبة إلى الحق لا بالنسبة إلى الخلق بل كمال حقانى أبد . كما قال

He restricted prophethood by [the qualifier] "of legislation" precisely to guard against [confusing it with] the prophethood of verification (nubuwwat al-taḥqīq). For the prophet has two aspects: the conveying of the rulings pertaining to the events of the created world, and the reporting about the Real, His Names, His Attributes, the states of the malakūt and jabarūt, and the wonders of the unseen world. With respect to conveyance he is a messenger and a lawgiver, and his prophethood is legislative; with respect to reporting of the unseen and making known the Real through His Essence and Names, he is a saint (walī), and his prophethood is one of verification. Thus the messengerhood of legislation and its [corresponding] prophethood come to an end, because these two are a perfection for him relative to creation. As for the other kind [prophethood of verification], it belongs to the station of his sainthood (walāya), which is a perfection for him relative to the Real, not relative to creation — rather, it is an eternal divine perfection (kamāl ḥaqqānī abadī). As he said

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فإن الرسالة والنبوة، أعني نبوة التشريع ورسالته، تنقطعان والولاية لا تنقطع أبدا﴾

وذلك لأن الرسالة والنبوة من الصفات الكونية الزمانية فينقطع بانقطاع زمان النبوة والرسالة، والولاية صفة إلهية، لذلك سمى نفسه بـ "الولي" الحميد وقال: "الله ولى الذين آمنوا %~% " فهي غير منقطعة أزلا وأبدا. ولا يمكن الوصول لأحد من الأنبياء، وغيرهم، إلى الحضرة الإلهية إلا بالولاية التي هي باطن النبوة. وهذه المرتبة من حيث جامعية الاسم الأعظم لخاتم الأنبياء ومن حيث ظهورها في الشهادة بتمامها لخاتم الأولياء، فصاحبها واسطة بين الحق و جميع الأنبياء والأولياء. ومن أمعن النظر في جواز كون الملك واسطة بين الحق والأنبياء، لا يصعب عليه قبول كون خاتم الولاية الذي مظهر باطن الاسم الجامع وأعلى مرتبة من الملائكة واسطة بينهم وبين الحق. وفي قوله

This is because messengerhood and prophethood are among the temporal, contingent attributes, so they are cut off with the cutting off of the time of prophethood and messengerhood, while sainthood is a divine attribute; hence He named Himself "the Praised Protector (al-Walī al-Ḥamīd)" and said: "God is the Protector (walī) of those who believe." So it is uncut, both pre-eternally and post-eternally. It is not possible for any of the prophets, or others, to reach the Divine Presence except through sainthood, which is the nonmanifest [dimension] of prophethood. This rank — from the aspect of the comprehensiveness of the Greatest Name — belongs to the Seal of the Prophets, and from the aspect of its manifestation in the visible world in its completeness — belongs to the Seal of the Saints. So its possessor is an intermediary between the Real and all the prophets and saints. Whoever looks carefully into the permissibility of an angel being an intermediary between the Real and the prophets will not find it difficult to accept that the Seal of Sainthood — who is the locus of manifestation of the nonmanifest [dimension] of the Comprehensive Name and higher in rank than the angels — is an intermediary between them and the Real. And in his statement:

Jāmī

﴿فإن الرسالة والنبوة﴾

اللتين هما جهة ظاهرية الرسول الخاتم

, which are the outward aspect (jiha ẓāhiriyya) of the Seal-Messenger

Bālī Zāde

﴿فإن الرسالة والنبوة أعني نبوة التشريع ورسالته﴾

لا الرسالة والنبوة بمعنى الإخبار عن الحقائق الإلهية فإنهما لا تنقطعان (تنقطعان) لكونهما من الصفات البشرية وهما ظاهر الولاية والظاهر لا يرى ما يراه من كونه باطنا إلا من مشكاة الباطن

not messengerhood and prophethood in the sense of informing about the divine realities, for these two do not cease (they come to an end) since they belong to the human attributes, and these two are the manifest (ẓāhir) aspect of sainthood, and the manifest does not see what it sees in respect of being nonmanifest (bāṭin) except from the niche of the nonmanifest.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿أعني نبوة التشريع ورسالته﴾

سر، وهو أن النبوة والرسالة تنقسم إلى قسمين: قسم يتعلق بالتشريع. وقسم يتعلق بالإنباء عن الحقائق الإلهية وأسرار الغيوب وإرشاد العباد إلى الله من حيث الباطن، وإظهار أسرار عالم الملك والملكوت، وكشف سر الربوبية المستترة بمظاهر الأكوان لقيام القيامة الكبرى وظهور ما ستره الحق وأخفى

there is a secret, which is that prophethood and messengerhood are divided into two kinds: a kind that pertains to legislation, and a kind that pertains to informing about the divine realities and the secrets of the unseen and guiding servants to God from the nonmanifest aspect, and disclosing the secrets of the world of dominion (mulk) and sovereignty (malakūt), and unveiling the secret of lordship concealed within the loci of manifestation of the created things — for the establishment of the Greater Resurrection and the manifestation of what the Real has concealed and hidden.

Ibn Turka

﴿أعني نبوة التشريع﴾

لا نبوة التحقيق الكاشفة عن المواطن المعادية والمواقف المحشرية ، فإن ذلك أيضا من شعاشع أنوار الولاية التي لا تختلف باختلاف الزمان وصروف الدوران

not the prophethood of verification (nubuwwat al-taḥqīq) that unveils the resurrectional stations and the stations of the Gathering, for that too belongs to the radiant lights of sainthood, which do not differ with the difference of time and the vicissitudes of the cycle.

Jāmī

﴿أعني نبوة التشريع ورسالته﴾

التي هي تبليغ الأحكام المتعلقة بحوادث الأكوان لا نبوة التحقيق التي هي جهة باطنية . وهي الإنباء عن الحق وأسمائه وصفاته وأسرار الملكوت والجبروت وعجائب الغيب. (ينقطعان) بانقطاع موطن التكليف بل بانقطاع الرسول الخاتم عن هذا الموطن فكيف يستند إليه ما لا ينقطع

, which is the conveying of the rulings pertaining to the events of the cosmos — not the prophethood of verification (nubuwwat al-taḥqīq), which is the inward aspect, namely the informing about the Real and His Names and Attributes and the secrets of the malakūt and jabarūt and the wonders of the unseen. (They cease) with the cessation of the locus of taklīf (moral obligation) — rather, with the cessation of the Seal-Messenger's [presence] in this locus. How, then, could what does not cease be attributed to it [the outward aspect]?

Words 47–48 · 1 of 6

ورِسالَتَهُ تَنْقَطِعانِ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿ورسالته تنقطعان﴾

لأنهما مبنیتان لأحوال أفعال مكلفي كل دور من الأدوار الزمانية ، حسبما يقتضيه ذلك الزمان منها ، فتنقرض انقراضها ضرورة (والولاية لاتنقطع أبدا) لأنها الكاشفة عن الحقائق الكلية المستقرة ، على حال واحدة من الأزل إلى الأبد

because they are both built upon the states of the acts of those charged [with the Law] in each of the temporal cycles, according to what that time requires of them; they necessarily come to an end with its ending, [whereas sainthood never ceases] because it is what unveils the fixed universal realities, which remain in a single condition from pre-eternity to post-eternity.

al-Qāshānī

﴿والولاية لا تنقطع أبدا﴾

فهو باعتبار ولايته أشرف منه باعتبار رسالته ونبوته التشريعية فخاتم الرسالة من حيث الحقيقة هو خاتم الولاية . ومن حيث كونه خاتما للولاية معدن هذا العلم وعلوم جميع الأولياء والأنبياء وهو مقامه المحمود الذي يبعثه فيه فاعلم ذلك حتى لا تتوهم أنه محتاج في علمه إلى غيره . وهو معنى قوله

So he, with respect to his sainthood, is more excellent than he is with respect to his messengerhood and his legislative prophethood. Thus the Seal of Messengerhood, in terms of reality, is [identical with] the Seal of Sainthood; and inasmuch as he is the Seal of Sainthood, he is the source (maʿdin) of this knowledge and of all the sciences of the saints and prophets, and this is his Praised Station (al-maqām al-maḥmūd) into which he will be raised. Know this well, so that you do not imagine that he is in need of another in his knowledge. This is the meaning of his statement

Jāmī

﴿والولاية لا تنقطع أبدأ﴾

فإنها من الجهة تلي الحق سبحانه وهي باقية دائمة ابدا سرمدا وأكمل مظاهرها خاتم الأولياء فلهذا أسندت الرؤية المشار إليها إليه . ولا يخفى عليك أنه لو فرض عدم انقطاع النبوة لا يصح إسناد هذا العلم إليها أصلا فإنه من حقائق الولاية لا النبؤة . فالمرسلون من كونهم أولياء لا يرون ما ذكرناه من العلم الذي يعطى صاحبه السكوت

, for it belongs to the aspect that pertains directly to the Real, glory be to Him, and it remains, abiding forever and everlastingly; and the most perfect of its loci of manifestation is the Seal of the Saints. For this reason the vision referred to is attributed to him. And it should not be hidden from you that, even were one to suppose the non-cessation of prophethood, it would still not be correct to attribute this knowledge to it at all, for it belongs to the realities of sainthood, not of prophethood. So the messengers, insofar as they are saints, do not see what we have mentioned of the knowledge that imposes silence upon its possessor

Bālī Zāde

﴿والولاية لا تنقطع أبدا فالمرسلون من كونهم أولياء لا يرون ما ذكرناه إلا من مشكاة خاتم الأولياء فكيف من دونهم من الأولياء وإن كان خاتم الأولياء تابعة في الحكم لما جاء به خاتم الرسل من التشريع فذلك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي كون خاتم الأولياء تابعا لما جاء به الرسول الختم

that is, the Seal of the Saints' being subordinate to what the Sealing Messenger brought -

al-Qāshānī

﴿فالمرسلون من كونهم أولياء لا يرون ما ذكرناه إلا من مشكاة خاتم الأولياء فكيف من دونهم من الأولياء﴾

قوله

of those below them among the saints!] His statement

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فالمرسلون من كونهم أولياء لا يرون ما ذكرناه إلا من مشكاة خاتم الأولياء، فكيف من دونهم من الأولياء﴾

وذكر في كتاب عنقاء المغرب: (إن أبا بكر تحت لوائه، كما كان تحت لواء سيدنا رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، في المتابعة)

He mentioned in the book ʿAnqāʾ Mughrib: "Indeed Abū Bakr is under his banner, just as he was under the banner of our master the Messenger of God, God's blessings and peace be upon him, in following."

Ibn Turka

﴿فالمرسلون من كونهم أولياء لا يرون ما ذكرناه إلآ مشكاة خاتم الأولياء؛ فكيف من دونهم من الأولياء﴾

فخاتم الأولياء هو السابق في مضمار هذا النوع من الكمال ،وغيره من لواحقه وتوابعه

Thus the Seal of the Saints is the one who takes precedence in the race-course of this type of perfection, and others are his followers and subordinates.

Jāmī

﴿إلا من مشكوة خاتم الأولياء فكيف من دونهم من الأولياء وإن كان خاتم الأولياء﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بحسب نشأته العنصرية (تابعة في الحكم) الإلهي

, with respect to his elemental constitution (nashʾa ʿunṣuriyya), (a follower in ruling) — divine ruling

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.