Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَفْثِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ شِيثِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶15 in the text

15 · 90 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

وإنْ كانَ خاتَمُ الأَوْلِياءِ تابِعًا في الحُكْمِ لِما جَاءَهُ بهِ خاتَمُ الرُّسُلِ مِنَ التَّشْرِيعِ فَذلكَ لا يَقْدَحُ في مَقامِهِ ولا يُناقِضُ ما ذَهَبْنا إِلَيْهِ فإنَّهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ يَكونُ أَنْزَلَ كما أنَّهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ يَكونُ أَعْلى وقدْ ظَهَرَ في ظاهِرِ شَرْعِنا ما يُؤَيِّدُ ما ذَهَبْنا إِلَيْهِ في فَضْلِ عُمَرَ في أسارى بَدْرٍ بالحُكْمِ فيهم وفي تَأْبِيرِ النَّخْلِ فما يَلْزَمُ الكامِلَ أنْ يَكونَ لهُ التَّقَدُّمُ في كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وفي كُلِّ مَرْتَبَةٍ وإنَّما نَظَرَ الرِّجَالُ إلى التَّقَدُّمِ في رُتَبِ العِلْمِ بِاللهِ هُنالِكَ مَطْلَبُهُم وأمَّا حَوادِثُ الأَكْوانِ فلا تَعَلُّقَ لِخَواطِرِهِمْ بِها فَتَحَقَّقْ ما ذَكَرْناهُ

And even if the Seal of the saints is a follower, in [matters of legal] ruling, of the revealed law that the Seal of the messengers brought to him, that does not impair his station, nor does it contradict what we have maintained. For from one respect he is lower, just as from another respect he is higher. There has appeared, in the outward [sense] of our revealed law, something that supports what we have maintained: in the superiority of ʿUmar concerning the captives of Badr, regarding the ruling about them, and in [the matter of] the pollination of the palm trees. So it is not necessary for the perfect one to have precedence in every thing and at every rank. The men [of God] have looked only to precedence in the ranks of knowledge of God; that is where their quest lies. As for the occurrences of engendered beings, their thoughts have no attachment to them. So realize what we have mentioned.

On the whole passage · 3 of 6

al-Qāshānī

﴿وإن كان خاتم الأولياء تابعا في الحكم لما جاء به خاتم الرسل من التشريع فذلك لا يقدح في مقامه ولا يناقض ما ذهبنا إليه ، فإنه من وجه يكون أنزل كما أنه من وجه يكون أعلى ، وقد ظهر في ظاهر شرعنا ما يؤيد ما ذهبنا إليه في فضل عمر في أسارى بدر بالحكم فيهم في تأبير النخل ، فما يلزم الكامل أن يكون له التقدم في كل شيء وفي كل مرتبة ، وإنما نظر الرجال إلى التقدم في رتب العلم باللَّه هنالك مطلبهم . وأما حوادث الأكوان فلا تعلق لخواطرهم بها فتحقق ما ذكرناه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إشارة إلى أن خاتم الأولياء قد يكون تابعا في حكم الشرع كما يكون المهدى الذي يجيء في آخر الزمان . فإنه يكون في الأحكام الشرعية تابعا لمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلَّم ، وفي المعارف والعلوم والحقيقة تكون جميع الأنبياء والأولياء تابعين له كلهم . ولا يناقض ما ذكرناه لأن باطنه باطن محمد عليه الصلاة والسلام ولهذا قيل إنه حسنة من حسنات سيد المرسلين وأخبر عليه الصلاة والسلام بقوله « إن اسمه اسمى وكنيته كنيتي فله المقام المحمود » . ولا يقدح كونه تابعا في أنه معدن علوم الجميع من الأنبياء والأولياء فإنه يكون في علم التشريع والأحكام أنزل كما يكون في علم التحقيق والمعرفة باللَّه أعلى . ألا ترى إلى ما ظهر في شرعنا من فضل عمر في أسارى بدر حيث أشار إلى قتلهم حين نزل قوله تعالى : " ما كانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَه أَسْرى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ في الأَرْضِ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْيا " إلى قوله " لَوْ لا كِتابٌ من الله سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيما أَخَذْتُمْ عَذابٌ عَظِيمٌ ". وقال عليه الصلاة والسلام :« لو نزل العذاب لما نجى منه غير عمر وسعد بن معاذ » وبكى عليه الصلاة والسلام حين نبهه جبريل على الخطأ ونزول الوحى بأن يقتل من أصحابه بعدد الأسارى الذين أطلقوهم وأخذوا منهم الفداء . ومن حديث تأبير النخل حيث منع عليه الصلاة والسلام منه ثم تبين الخطأ فقال « اعملوا فأنتم أعلم بأمور دنياكم » . ( وقال الخضر لموسى : أنا على علم علمنيه الله لا تعلمه أنت ، وأنت على علم علمك الله لا أعلمه أنا ) أي لا ينبغي لكل واحد منا الظهور بما يباين مقامه ومرتبته . ولهذا قال فما يلزم الكامل أن يكون له التقدم في كل شيء وفي كل مرتبة والباقي ظاهر . وأما حديث الرؤيا في قوله رضي الله عنه

the pollination of the date-palm. For it is not incumbent upon the perfect one that he have precedence in everything and in every rank; rather, men's regard is toward precedence in the ranks of knowledge of God—that is their aim. As for the contingent occurrences of created things, their attention has no connection with them. So verify what we have mentioned.] This is an indication that the Seal of the saints may be a follower in the ruling of the Law, just as the Mahdī who comes at the end of time will be. For he will, in the legal rulings, be a follower of Muḥammad (God bless him and grant him peace); while in gnoses, sciences, and reality (ḥaqīqa), all the prophets and saints will be followers of him, all of them. And this does not contradict what we have mentioned, because his nonmanifest reality (bāṭin) is the nonmanifest reality of Muḥammad, upon him blessing and peace. For this reason it is said that he is one of the excellent qualities (ḥasana) of the Master of the Messengers; and he, upon him blessing and peace, reported, saying: 'Indeed his name is my name and his patronymic is my patronymic, and his is the Praised Station.' Nor does his being a follower detract from his being the repository (maʿdin) of the sciences of all, of the prophets and the saints; for he will be, in the science of legislation and rulings, lower, just as he will be, in the science of verification (taḥqīq) and gnosis of God, higher. Do you not see what appeared in our Law of the superiority of ʿUmar regarding the captives of Badr, when he indicated that they should be killed, at the time when the Exalted's saying was revealed: 'It is not for a prophet to have captives until he has thoroughly subdued the land; you desire the goods of this world...' up to His saying, 'Had it not been for a prior decree from God, a great punishment would have befallen you for what you took.' And he, upon him blessing and peace, said: 'Had the punishment descended, none would have been saved from it save ʿUmar and Saʿd ibn Muʿādh.' And he, upon him blessing and peace, wept when Gabriel alerted him to the error, and revelation descended that as many of his Companions should be killed as the number of captives they had released and from whom they had taken ransom. And [likewise] from the ḥadīth of the pollination of the date-palm, where he, upon him blessing and peace, forbade it, then the error became clear, and he said: 'Do [as you see fit], for you know better the affairs of your worldly life.' (And al-Khiḍr said to Moses: 'I am upon a knowledge God has taught me which you do not know, and you are upon a knowledge God has taught you which I do not know')—that is, it is not fitting for any one of us to manifest what would conflict with his station and rank. For this reason he said: 'It is not incumbent upon the perfect one that he have precedence in everything and in every rank,' and the rest is clear. As for the ḥadīth of the vision in his saying, may God be pleased with him—]

al-Tilimsānī

﴿وقد ظهر في ظاهر شرعنا ما يؤيد ما ذهبنا إليه في فضل عمر في أساری بدر بالحكم فيهم، وفي تأبير النخل. فما يلزم الكامل أن يكون له التقدم في كل شيء وفي كل مرتبة، وإنما نظر الرجال إلى التقدم في رتبة العلم بالله هنالك يطلبهم. وأما حوادث الأكوان فلا تعلق لخواطرهم بها، فيتحقق ما ذكرناه.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قلت: الذي جهل في علمه هو الذي ما تجاوز السفر الأول بل وقف عند نهايته ويسمى هذا المقام في اصطلاح المواقف النفرية "موقف الوقفة" فإذا أردت بیانه تماما، فأنظره من هناك . وهذا المقام أيضا يسمى الوحدة المطبقة وقد ذكره ابن العريف في محاسن المجالس في شعر ذكره على قافية القاف وصورته : فألقوا حبال مراسيهم ..... وغطوا فغطاهم وانطبق فصاحب هذا المقام هو الذي يقول من عرف الله كل لسانه أي أراد أنه جهل وأما من عجز عن النطق وهو يرى أن المقام يقتضي النطق. فذلك لم يجهل إلا العبارات مثل أن يكون عاميا أميا، فأدركه الفتح فصار من الخواص إلا أنه غير ناطق. قال رضي الله عنه

I say: The one who was ignorant in his knowledge is the one who did not pass beyond the first journey but rather stopped at its terminus. This station is called, in the technical vocabulary of the 'Stations' (al-mawāqif) of al-Niffarī, 'the Station of the Halt' (mawqif al-waqfa). If you wish a complete explanation of it, look for it there. This station is also called 'the enveloping unity' (al-waḥda al-muṭbiqa), and Ibn al-ʿArīf mentioned it in Maḥāsin al-Majālis, in verse rhyming in qāf, in the form: 'So they cast the ropes of their anchors... and they were covered, and it covered them, and it closed shut (inṭabaqa).' The possessor of this station is the one who says: 'Whoever knows God, his tongue becomes ignorant' — meaning that he intends that he became ignorant [of speech]. As for the one who is unable to articulate while seeing that the station requires articulation, such a one has been ignorant only of expressions — as when someone is an unlettered commoner (ʿāmmī ummī) upon whom the opening (fatḥ) descends, so that he becomes one of the elect (khawāṣṣ) yet remains without speech. He, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿لما جاء به خاتم الرسل من %~% متن نص فصوص الحكم : من التشريع، فذلك لا يقدح في مقامه و لا يناقض ما ذهبنا إليه، فإنه من وجه يكون أنزل كما أنه من وجه يكون أعلى. و قد ظهر في ظاهر شرعنا ما يؤيد ما ذهبنا إليه في فضل عمر في أسارى بدر بالحكم فيهم، و في تأبير النخل. فما يلزم الكامل أن يكون له التقدم في كل شي ء و في كل مرتبة، و إنما نظر الرجال إلى التقدم في رتبة العلم بالله: هنالك مطلبهم. و أما حوادث الأكوان فلا تعلق لخواطرهم بها، فتحقق ما ذكرناه. و لما مثل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم النبوة بالحائط من اللبن شرح الجامي : التشريع فذلك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي كونه تابعا بحسب نشأته العنصرية

: of legislation, that does not detract from his station nor contradict what we have maintained, for from one respect he is lower, just as from another respect he is higher. And something has indeed appeared in the outward aspect of our Law that supports what we have maintained: in the superiority of ʿUmar regarding the captives of Badr, in his judgment concerning them, and in [the matter of] the pollination of the palm trees. For it is not necessary for the perfect human (al-kāmil) to have precedence in everything and at every level; rather, the concern of [true] men is directed toward precedence in the rank of knowledge of God — that is where their goal lies. As for the events of the cosmos, their thoughts have no attachment to them. So verify what we have mentioned. And when the Prophet, God bless him and grant him peace, likened prophethood to a wall of unbaked bricks [Jāmī's commentary]: [that] legislation, that

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وإن كان خاتم الأولياء تابعا في الحكم لما جاء به خاتم الرسل من التشريع فذلك لا يقدح في مقامه ولا يناقض ما ذهبنا إليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من أنه متبوع في الولاية. ولا ينبغي أن يتوهم أن المراد بخاتم الأولياء المهدى. فإن الشيخ، قدس سره، صرح بأنه عيسى غليه السلام . وهو يظهر من العجم، والمهدى من أولاد النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، ويظهر من العرب. كما سنذكره بألفاظه

namely that he is followed [i.e., a leader] in sainthood. It should not be imagined that what is meant by the Seal of the Saints is the Mahdī. For the Shaykh, may his secret be sanctified, explicitly stated that he is Jesus, peace be upon him. He appears from among the non-Arabs (ʿajam), while the Mahdī is from the descendants of the Prophet, God's blessings and peace be upon him, and appears from among the Arabs, as we shall mention in his [Ibn ʿArabī's] own words.

Ibn Turka

﴿وإن كان خاتم الأولياء تابعا في الحكم لما جاء به خاتم الرسل من التشريع فذلك لا يقدح في مقامه ولا يناقض ما ذهبنا إليه، فإنه من وجه یكون أنزل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وهو وضع الصور الجزئية والهيئات والأوضاع الجعلية، المنطوية على الحقائق الكمالية

namely, in the positing of particular forms, configurations, and instituted arrangements, which enfold within them the realities of perfection,

Jāmī

﴿لا يقدح في مقامه﴾

الذي يقتضي المتبوعية بحسب حقیقته

which, in respect of his reality, requires that he be followed rather than a follower

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا يقدح في مقامه﴾

أي لا يمنع متبوعيته لخاتم الرسل فيما ذكرناه

that is, it does not prevent his being followed (mutbūʿiyya) by the Seal of the Messengers in what we have mentioned,

Jāmī

﴿ولا يناقض ما ذهبنا إليه﴾

من أن المرسلين لا يرون هذا العلم إلا من مشكوة خاتم الأولياء

namely, that the messengers see this knowledge only from the niche of the Seal of the Saints

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولا يناقض … ما ذهبنا إليه﴾

من أنه متبوع في ذلك العلم الخاص . (فإنه) أي خاتم الأولياء

namely, that he is followed in respect of that particular knowledge. ("For he") - that is, the Seal of the Saints -

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فإنه من وجه يكون أنزل، كما أنه من وجه يكون أعلى. وقد ظهر في ظاهر شرعنا ما يؤيد ما ذهبنا إليه﴾

من أنه من وجه أنزل كما أنه من وجه أعلى

namely, that he is from one respect lower, just as he is from another respect higher.

Jāmī

﴿فإنه من وجه﴾

وهو كونه وليا تابعا بحسب نشأته العنصرية

, namely his being a follower-saint with respect to his elemental constitution,

Bālī Zāde

﴿من وجه﴾

أي من حيث إنه تابع لخاتم الرسل

that is, in respect of his being a follower of the Seal of the Messengers,

Words 28–29 · 2 of 6

يَكونُ أَنْزَلَ

Jāmī

﴿يكون أنزل﴾

مرتبة من الرسول الخاتم من حيث رسالته

lower in rank than the Seal-Messenger in respect of his messengership

Bālī Zāde

﴿يكون أنزل﴾

أي تحت خاتم الرسل في هذه المرتبة

that is, beneath the Seal of the Messengers in this rank,

Ibn Turka

﴿كما أنه من وجه يكون أعلى﴾

وهو كشف المعاني الكلية والعلوم اللدنية الذاتية والحقائق الكمالية المعربة عن كنه المراد منها، فيكون متبوعا من وجه، تابعا من آخر، على ما اقتضاه الصورة الوجودية من الأمر الدوري والنظم، الربطي الوحداني الامتزاج

namely, in the unveiling of universal meanings, essential knowledges from God's Presence (ʿulūm ladunniyya dhātiyya), and the realities of perfection that express the inmost purport intended by them. Thus he is followed in one respect and a follower in another, in accordance with what the existential form requires by way of cyclical order and the unitary, connective arrangement of intermingling.

Jāmī

﴿كما أنه من وجه﴾

وهو كونه جهة باطنية الرسول الخاتم باعتبار حقيقته (يكون أعلا) مقاما منه بحسب نبوته وظاهر شرعه

, namely his being the inward aspect of the Seal-Messenger with respect to his reality, (he is higher) in station than him with respect to his prophethood and the outward aspect of his Law

Bālī Zāde

﴿كما أنه من وجه﴾

أي من حيث إنه متبوع له

that is, in respect of his being followed by him,

Words 34–35 · 1 of 6

يَكونُ أَعْلى

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿يكون أعلى﴾

أي فوقه فيما ذكرنا فلا يناقض ولا ينبغي أن يتوهم أفضلية خاتم الأولياء على خاتم الرسل وغيره في ذلك الوجه الخاص. وهو كونه متبوعا لخاتم الرسل في رتبة علم التجلي الذاتي لأن قوله من وجه يكون أعلى لا يدل إلا على تقدمه في ذلك العلم ولا يلزم منه الأفضلية في تلك المرتبة. فإن أفضلية الممكن وشرفه ليست بالتقدم والمتبوعية سواء كان في رتب العلم بالله أو في غيره ولا في حد ذاته وإنما كانت أفضليته بتكريم الله تعالى إياه وتشريفه. كقوله تعالى: "ولقد كرمنا بني آدم " 70 سورة الإسراء. أي جعلناه مكرما فكان مكرما من عند الله لا من عند نفسه ومرتبته . و كقوله : "تلك الرسل فضلنا بعضهم على بعض" 253 سورة البقرة . فكان فضل بعض على بعض بتفضيل الله تعالى ."وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا (95)" سورة النساء. كما قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه فما جمع الله لآدم بين يديه إلا تشريفة وما ورد النصوص على أفضلية الأنبياء وسيادتهم عند الله على الأولياء إلا على الإطلاق وفي كل مرتبة . فما كان الممكن شريعة و فاضلا إلا بالنص الإلهي لا بالمتبوعية في رتب العلم. ألا ترى أن علم الله تابع للعموم والمعلوم أنت وأحوالك وهل يلزم من التقدم في تلك المرتبة أفضليتك من هذا الوجه . فإن الله محيط من ورائهم من وجوداتهم وأحوالهم من الظواهر والبواطن وليست ذات المعلوم وماهيته أمرا مستقلا في نفسه حتى يكون الواجب الوجود لذاته بل هو أثر حاصل من تجليات أسمائه وصور علمه فلا جعل في نفس الماهية. فإن الله تعالى موجب لأسمائه وصفاته ومقتضياتهما ومختار في إعطاء الوجود إلى الماهية فالجعل لا يكون إلا بعد مرتبة الصفات والأسماء ومقتضياتهما فذات المعلوم. تجميع أحواله من المتبوعية وغيرها كل ذلك من إعطاء الله تعالى وإنما يثبت أفضليته من حيث هو متبوع على التابع إذا لم يكن متبوعية ذلك المتبوع من التابع، فكان التابع من حيث إنه تابع أفضل من المتبوع من حيث إنه متبوع لكون المتبوعية له من إعطاء التابع.. فكان الله أعلى وأشرف على معلوماته من كل الوجوه . فكذلك ختم الرسل لكونه جامعا لجميع المراتب التي كانت في حق المخلوق فهو محیط بجميع المراتب الإمكانية وتابعيه ختم الرسل بختم الأولياء تابعية صاحب القوى قواه في أخذ مراداته . وكذلك صاحب الأسباب تابع لأسبابه لتحصيل بعض أفعاله فكان خاتم الأولياء مرتبة من مراتب ختم الرسل . وهو معنى قوله وهو حسنة من حسنات خاتم الرسل وهو معنى قوله : فما يلزم الكامل وبه أخذ من خزينة الحق هذا العلم كما أخذه عن جبرائيل عليه السلام علم الشرائع وهو

that is, above him in what we have mentioned; so there is no contradiction, and one should not imagine the superiority of the Seal of the Saints over the Seal of the Messengers and others in that particular respect - namely, his being followed by the Seal of the Messengers in the rank of the knowledge of the essential self-disclosure (tajallī dhātī). For his statement "from one respect he is higher" indicates only his precedence in that knowledge, and does not necessarily entail superiority in that rank. For the superiority and nobility of the contingent being (mumkin) do not consist in precedence and being-followed, whether in the ranks of knowledge of God or otherwise, nor in his essence as such; rather, his superiority comes only through God Most High's honoring and ennobling him, as in His saying: "We have indeed honored the children of Adam" (Q 17:70) - that is, We made him honored, so he was honored from God, not from himself or his own rank. And as in His saying: "Those messengers - We have favored some of them over others" (Q 2:253) - so the favor of some over others came through God Most High's favoring. "And God has favored the strivers above those who sit back with a great reward" (Q 4:95). As the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: God did not gather all things before Adam except as an honoring. And the texts did not indicate the superiority of the prophets and their mastery over the saints in God's sight except absolutely, and in every rank. So the contingent being became noble and excellent only through the divine text, not through being-followed in ranks of knowledge. Do you not see that God's knowledge is subordinate to what is generally [known], and what is known is you and your states - does precedence in that rank necessarily entail your superiority in this respect? For God encompasses them from behind, [encompassing] their existences and states, their manifest and nonmanifest aspects, and the essence of the known thing and its quiddity is not something independent in itself, such that it would be necessary of existence in itself; rather it is an effect resulting from the self-disclosures of His names and the forms of His knowledge - there is no "making" (jaʿl) in the quiddity itself. For God Most High is necessitating with respect to His names and attributes and their entailments, and He is free-choosing in granting existence to the quiddity; so "making" (jaʿl) occurs only after the rank of the attributes and names and their entailments. So the essence of the known thing - the totality of its states, of being-followed and otherwise - all of that is from God Most High's bestowal, and its superiority is established only in respect of its being followed over the follower, when the being-followed of that followed one is not itself from the follower. [But when it is], the follower, in respect of being a follower, is more excellent than the followed one in respect of being followed, since the latter's being-followed derives from the giving of the follower. Thus God is higher and more exalted over His known objects from every respect. Likewise the Seal of the Messengers, being comprehensive of all the ranks that pertain to the created being, encompasses all the ranks of possibility, and the Seal of the Messengers' subordination to the Seal of the Saints [in this] is like the subordination of the possessor of faculties to his faculties in obtaining his objects of desire. Likewise, the possessor of causes is subordinate to his causes for the accomplishment of some of his acts. Thus the Seal of the Saints is [but] one of the ranks of the Seal of the Messengers - and this is the meaning of his statement, "and it is one of the excellences (ḥasana) of the excellences of the Seal of the Messengers," and this is the meaning of his statement: "So it necessarily follows for the Perfect One, and by it he took from the treasury of the Real this knowledge, just as he took from Gabriel, peace be upon him, the knowledge of the sacred laws" - and he is

Ibn Turka

﴿وقد ظهر في ظاهر شرعنا ما يؤيد ما ذهبنا إليه﴾

من تابعية المتبوع المطلق فهو في المتبوع من وجه أولى بالوقوع. وذلك

concerning the followership of the absolute one-who-is-followed — for in the one followed, from one respect, [subordination] is more fitting to occur. And that is:

Jāmī

﴿وقد ظهر في ظاهر شرعه ما يزيد ما ذهبنا إليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من أن الفاضل يجوز أن يكون مفضولا من وجه

, namely that the more excellent one may be, in one respect, excelled

Bālī Zāde

﴿وقد ظهر في ظاهر شرعنا ما يؤيد ما ذهبنا إليه﴾

من أن الشيء الواحد أنزل من وجه وأعلى من وجه

namely, that one and the same thing may be lower from one respect and higher from another respect,

al-Qayṣarī

﴿في فضل عمر في أسارى بدر بالحكم فيهم﴾

والحكاية مشهورة وفي التفاسير مذكورة و عوتب رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، بقوله تعالى: "ما كان لنبي أن يكون له أسرى حتى يثخن في الأرض"

ruling concerning them] The story is well known and mentioned in the Qur'anic commentaries. The Messenger of God, God's blessings and peace be upon him, was reproved by His Most High statement: "It is not for a prophet to have captives until he has thoroughly subdued the land."

Ibn Turka

﴿في فضل عمر … في ساری بدر ، بالحكم فيهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

حيث رأى فيهم أبوبكر أن يأخذ منهم الفدية و يطلقهم ، ورأى فيهم عمر بضرب الرقاب ، فأنزل الله الآية الكريمة موافقة لرأي عمر وهي قوله تعالى : " مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْيَا وَاللَّهُ يُرِيدُ الْآخِرَةَ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (67) لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ (68)" سورة الأنفال

— for Abū Bakr held the view that ransom should be taken from them and they be released, while ʿUmar held the view that their necks should be struck; then God sent down the noble verse in agreement with ʿUmar's view, namely His saying, Exalted is He: "It is not for a prophet to have captives [of war] until he inflicts a massacre in the land. You desire the commodity of this world, while God desires [for you] the Hereafter. And God is Exalted in Might and Wise. Had it not been for a decree from God that preceded, there would have touched you, for what you took, a great punishment" (Sūrat al-Anfāl, 67–68).

Jāmī

﴿في فضل عمر﴾

على أبي بكر رضي الله عنهما

over Abū Bakr, God be pleased with them both,

Bālī Zāde

﴿في فضل عمر في أسارى بدر بالحكم فيهم﴾

كما ذكر قصته في كتب التفاسير (و) قد ظهر (في تأبير النخل) كما ذكر حديثه في كتب الأحاديث والفضل ههنا بمعنى الزيادة في هذه المسألة لا بمعنى المفضل والمكرم عند الله

judgment (ḥukm) regarding them] as his story is related in the books of Qur'anic exegesis (and) it has also appeared (in the pollination of the palm trees) as his account (ḥadīth) is related in the books of ḥadīth. And "merit" (faḍl) here means increase (ziyāda) in this particular matter, not [merit] in the sense of one being [absolutely] more excellent and honored in God's sight.

Words 49–53 · 1 of 6

في أسارى بَدْرٍ بالحُكْمِ فيهم

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿في أسارى بدر بالحكم فيهم﴾

حيث رأى فيهم أبو بكر أن تؤخذ منهم الفدية ويطلقهم ورأى فيهم عمر ضرب الرقاب . فأنزل الله الآية الكريمة موافقة لرأي عمر (و) قد ظهر في

— where Abū Bakr's view was that ransom should be taken from them and they be released, while ʿUmar's view was that they be beheaded. So God, exalted, sent down the noble verse in agreement with ʿUmar's view. (And) something has indeed appeared in

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وفي تأبير النخل﴾

منع رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، الناس عاما تأبير النخل. فما أثمر. فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : "أنتم أعلم بأمور دنياكم". فأثبت الفضيلة للمخاطبين، وأثبت الفضيلة لعمر في الحكم، مع أنه سيد الأولين والآخرين، فذلك لا يقدح في مقامه ومرتبته

The Messenger of God, God's blessings and peace be upon him, forbade the people one year from pollinating the palm trees, so they did not bear fruit. The Messenger of God, God's blessings and peace be upon him, then said: "You know better the affairs of your worldly life." Thus he established the merit for those addressed, and he established the merit for ʿUmar in [his] ruling, even though he [the Prophet] is the master of the first and the last — yet that does not detract from his station and rank.

Ibn Turka

﴿وفي تأبير النخل﴾

حيث منعه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقال: "ما أرى في ترككم تأبيره مضرة"، فتركوا تأبير النخل، ففسدت ثماره. فقالوا لرسول الله، فقال: «أنتم أعلم بأمور دنياكم» واعترف بأعلميتهم في هذا الحكم، فعلم من هذا أن الكامل قد يتبع غيره في جزئيات الأحكام

— for the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade it, saying, "I do not see that your leaving off its pollination would cause harm." So they left off pollinating the palms, and their fruit spoiled. They told the Messenger of God, and he said, "You know better the affairs of your world" — acknowledging their superior knowledge in this ruling. From this it is known that the Perfect One may follow another in the particulars of rulings,

Jāmī

﴿تأبير النخل﴾

أيضا حيث منع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عاما من تأبير النخل فما أبر. فقال صلى الله عليه وسلم : أنتم أعلم بمصالح دنياكم

as well, where the Messenger of God, God bless him and grant him peace, forbade [them], for one year, the pollination of the palm trees, and so they were not pollinated. Then he, God bless him and grant him peace, said: 'You know better the affairs of your worldly life.'

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فما يلزم الكامل أن يكون له التقدم في كل شئ وفي كل مرتبة، وإنما نظر الرجال إلى التقدم في رتبة العلم بالله، هنالك مطلبهم، وأما حوادث الأكوان فلا تعلق لخواطرهم بها، فتحقق ما ذكرناه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

معناه ظاهر

men is directed to precedence in the rank of knowledge of God — that is their goal. As for the occurrences of created things, their attention is not attached to them. So verify what we have mentioned.] Its meaning is evident.

Ibn Turka

﴿فما يلزم الكامل أن يكون له التقدم في كل شيء وفي كل مرتبة، وإنما نظر الرجال إلى التقدم في رتب العلم بالله - هنالك مطلبهم- وأما حوادث الأكوان، فلا تعلق لخواطرهم بها . فتحقق ما ذكرناه﴾

وهو أن الحوادث الكونية لايصلح لأن يلتفت إليها خواطر الكتل أصلا، لأنها مع عدم تناهيها ليس لأحوالها أيضا انقطاع، حتى يستقر على حالة واحدة يعلم بها، فلا يمكن أن تتعلق بتصفح تلك الجزئيات فائدة علمية ولا غاية كمالية. نعم إنما يتوجه إليها من كان بمعزل عن الحقائق الكلية والمعارف الكمالية جدا، غیر محتظي من أذواقها المتشوقة أصلا. كبعض المجذوبين أو السالكين القاصرين استعداداتهم عنها فإذا لاح لهم في خلواتهم عقيب ارتكاب مجاهداتهم تلك الصور في المثل الخيالية أو ما يجري مجراها من الأنوار الشعشعانية التي تبجح بها بعض الأفاضل من أهل النظر. استلذوا منها، واستقنعوا من لذيذ أذواق المشرب الكمالي وعذب شرابها بلامع سرابها. دع التصوف والفضل الذي اشتغلت .... به جوارح أقوام من الناس وعج على دير داري فإن به .... الرهبان ما بين قسيس وشماس واشرب معتقة من كف كافرة ..... تسقيك خمرين من لحظ ومن كاس وإذ قد انساق الكلام في أمر الخاتمين وبيان ما بين كمالهما من التفاوت إلى ما انساق مما يستصعبه طباع أكثر المسترشدين من الذين أسسوا مباني عقائدهم على الصور المثالية ، واستحكموها بالمقدمات النقلية والأقيسة الخيالية ، أراد أن يستوضح ذلك بمثال يكشف عن تحقيق معنى الختمين. وعن تصوير حقيقة المختومين ، بما ينبئ عن خصوصية كمالي الخاتمين و وجوه تمييزهما . مما نقل عن النبي الخاتم و تحليلا لعقود استصعابه ، وتقريبا منه إلى فهوم المستصعبين من المسترشدين في قوله : تمثيل النبوة بالحائط

men look to precedence in the ranks of knowledge of God — that is their aim — whereas the events of the created cosmos are not a matter to which their attention is attached. So verify what we have mentioned] namely, that cosmic events are not fit to be attended to by the attention of the great ones (kummal) at all, because, along with their being unending, their states likewise have no cessation, such that they might settle into a single condition that could be known; hence no benefit of knowledge nor end of perfection can attach to scrutinizing those particulars. Indeed, it is only one who is utterly removed from the universal realities and the knowledges of perfection, and who has no share at all in their yearning tastes, who turns his attention to them — such as some of those who are [divinely] attracted (majdhūbīn) or wayfarers (sālikīn) whose preparednesses fall short of them. So when, in their solitary retreats, following their exertions in spiritual struggle, there appear to them those forms in imaginal likenesses, or what runs their course among radiant lights that some of the eminent among the people of speculative reasoning boast of, they take delight in them, and content themselves with [what they take to be] the delicious tastes of the draught of perfection and its sweet drink, [deceived] by its glittering mirage. "Leave aside Sufism and the merit with which the limbs of a folk among people have busied themselves, and turn toward the monastery-tavern of my abode, for in it are monks, both priest and deacon, and drink an aged wine from the hand of an unbelieving woman, who gives you to drink two wines — of a glance and of a cup." Now that the discourse has proceeded to the matter of the two Seals and the clarification of the disparity between their two perfections — proceeding to what most of those seeking guidance find difficult, those who have founded the structures of their beliefs upon imaginal forms and have fortified them with transmitted premises and imaginative syllogisms — he wished to clarify that by means of an example that unveils the verification of the meaning of the two Seal-hoods, and depicts the reality of the two Sealed Ones, by way of what conveys the distinguishing character of the perfection of the two Seals and the aspects of their differentiation — [drawing] from what has been transmitted from the Seal-Prophet, and as an unraveling of the knots of its perceived difficulty, and a bringing of it closer to the understanding of those seeking guidance who find it difficult — in his saying: the likening of prophethood to a wall.

Jāmī

﴿فما يلزم الكامل أن يكون له التقدم﴾

على غير الكامل

over one who is not perfect

Bālī Zāde

﴿فما يلزم الكامل أن يكون له التقدم في كل شيء وفي كل مرتبة﴾

فإن الرسول لم يتقدم فيهما على أصحابه فقال :" أنتم أعلم بأمور دنياكم " لكن هذا التقديم ليس من الأمور التي تثبت بها الفضيلة المعتبرة عند أهل الله لكونه في الأمور الدنية الخسيسة. فهم وإن كانوا يتقدمون في هذه المرتبة الدنية لكنهم تابعون للرسول في المرتبة الشريفة وهي مرتبة العلم بالله . فتأخير الرسول في الأمور الدنية عين كماله لأن هذا العلم الذي أخذه الرسول منهم يمد لهم من روحه . فخاتم الأولياء وإن كان له التقدم في هذا الوجه من رتب العلم بالله لكنه تابع لختم الرسل في رتبة من رتب العلم بالله وهو علم الشريعة الشريفة على كل مرتبة من رتب العلم بالله . و علی علم خاتم الأولياء الذي أخذه عن الرسول لذلك سمي بالشرع المطهر . ألا ترى كيف أبي موسى الخضر في العلم اللدني فقال : "قَالَ لَهُ مُوسَى هَلْ أَتَّبِعُكَ عَلَى أَنْ تُعَلِّمَنِ مِمَّا عُلِّمْتَ رُشْدًا (66)" سورة الكهف. ولم يلزم من أعلمية الخضر من موسى في هذا الوجه أفضليته على موسى لأن الخضر تابع في الحكم بما جاء به موسى من علم التشريع. وهذا العلم أفضل وأعلى من العلم اللدني

For the Messenger did not have precedence over his Companions in these two matters, for he said: 'You know better the affairs of your world.' But this precedence is not among the matters by which the merit considered by the people of God is established, since it concerns lowly, base matters. For although they had precedence in this lowly rank, they were nonetheless followers of the Messenger in the noble rank, which is the rank of the knowledge of God. So the Messenger's being deferred to in worldly matters is itself the essence of his perfection, for this knowledge which the Messenger took from them was extended to them from his spirit. So the Seal of the saints, though he has precedence in this respect among the ranks of the knowledge of God, is nonetheless a follower of the Seal of the messengers in one of the ranks of the knowledge of God, namely the knowledge of the noble Law (al-sharīʿa), [which stands] over every rank of the knowledge of God. And the knowledge of the Seal of the saints which he took from the Messenger [is built] upon it; for that reason it is called the purified Law (al-sharʿ al-muṭahhar). Do you not see how Khiḍr was more knowledgeable than Moses in the knowledge from the divine Presence (al-ʿilm al-ladunī)? For He said: 'Moses said to him, "May I follow you on condition that you teach me something of the right guidance you have been taught?"' (Sūrat al-Kahf, 66). Yet Khiḍr's being more knowledgeable than Moses in this respect does not entail his superiority over Moses, for Khiḍr is a follower in judgment of what Moses brought of the knowledge of legislation (ʿilm al-tashrīʿ). And this knowledge is superior to and higher than the knowledge from the divine Presence.

Jāmī

﴿في كل شيء وفي كل مرتبة إنما نظر الرجال إلى التقدم في مرتبة العلم بالله﴾

سبحانه لا فيما عداه. فإنه (هنالك)، أي في مرتبة العلم بالله يتحقق (مطلبهم) الذي به يعرف تقدمهم وتأخرهم

, glory be to Him, not in anything besides it. For it is (there), i.e., in the rank of knowledge of God, that (their goal) is realized — the goal by which their precedence and posteriority are known

Words 70–72 · 1 of 6

وإنَّما نَظَرَ الرِّجَالُ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وإنما نظر الرجال﴾

الذي يعلمون الأمور على ما هي عليه ويميزون المراتب

who know matters as they truly are and distinguish the ranks

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلى التقدم في رتب العلم بالله هنالك مطلبهم وأما حوادث الأكوان فلا تعلق لخواطرهم بها﴾

ولما كانت هذه المسألة أعلى المسائل الإلهية وأنفعها أوصى لاهتمامها فقال

And since this matter is the highest and most beneficial of the divine matters, he counseled attention to it, and said

Words 81–83 · 1 of 6

وأمَّا حَوادِثُ الأَكْوانِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿وأما حوادث الأكوان﴾

كتأبير النخل وأمثاله

such as the pollination of the palm trees and the like of it

Words 84–87 · 1 of 6

فلا تَعَلُّقَ لِخَواطِرِهِمْ بِها

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿فلا تعلق لخواطرهم بها﴾

لذاتها بالنسبة إلى هممهم العالية فلو كانوا فيها أنزل درجة مما عداهم. فلا يقدح ذلك في كمالهم (فتحقق ما قلناه) من علوم مرتبة خاتم الأنبياء في العلم بالله بحسب حقیقته . وأنه لا يقدح فيه نزول مرتبته عن الرسول الخاتم بحسب نشأته العنصرية حيث يكون تابعة له من حيث نبوته. فإن قيل : متبوعية خاتم الأولياء لخاتم الأنبياء في حقائق الولاية تقدم في رتب العلم بالله لا في العلم بحوادث الأكوان . فكيف يصح ما ادعاه الشيخ رضي الله عنه من متبوعية خاتم الأولياء لخاتم الأنبياء فإن خاتم الأنبياء مقدم الكل في رتب العلم بالله. قلنا: هي في الحقيقة عبارة عن متبوعية حقيقة ولايته المطلقة لولايته المشخصة بعد نشأته العنصرية وإن شئت تحقق ذلك %~% متن نص فصوص الحكم : و قد كمل سوى موضع لبنة، فكان صلى الله عليه و سلم تلك اللبنة. غير أنه صلى الله عليه و سلم لا يراها كما قال لبنة واحدة. و أما خاتم الأولياء فلا بد له من هذه الرؤيا، فيرى ما مثله به رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم، شرح الجامي : فاستمع لما يتلى عليك. اعلم أن الحقيقة المحمدية مشتملة على حقائق النبوة والولاية كلها، فأحدية جمع حقائق النبوة ظاهرها و أحدية جمع حقائق الولاية باطنها. فالأنبياء من حيث أنهم أنبياء مستمدون من مشكوة نبوته الظاهرة ومن حيث أنهم أولياء مستمدون من مشكوة ولايته الباطنة . وكذا الأولياء التابعون يستمدون من مشكوة ولايته، فالأولياء والأنبياء كلهم مظاهر لحقيقته، الأنبياء لظاهر نبوته والأولياء لباطن ولايته، وخاتم الأولياء مظهر أحدية جمعه لحقائق ولايته الباطنة فالاستمداد من مشكوة خاتم الأولياء بالحقيقة هو استمداد من مشكاة خاتم الأنبياء. فإن مشكاته بعض من مشكاته فلا استمداد في الحقيقة إلا من مشكاة خاتم الأنبياء، فإنما أضيف الاستمداد إلى خاتم الأولياء باعتبار حقيقته التي هي بعض من حقيقة خاتم الأنبياء. ومعني استمداد خاتم الأنبياء منه بحسب ولابنه استمداده بحسب النشأة العنصرية من حقيقة هي بعض من حقيقته وذلك الولي الخاتم مظهره فهذا بالحقيقة استمداد من نفسه لا من غيره والله أعلم بالحقائق. (ولما مثل النبي ل النبوة بالحائط من اللبن)، لأن النبوة صورة الإحاطة الإلهية بالأوضاع الشرعية والأحكام الفرعية والحكم والأسرار، والبينة الوضعية قد وضعها الله على ألسنة رسله وفي كتبه وكل لبنة كانت في ذلك الحائط كانت صورة نبي من الأنبياء. يقصد حديث : "عن أبي هريرة أن رسول الله ، قال : مثلي ومثل الأنبياء من قبلي كمثل رجل بنى بنيانا فأحسنه وأجمله إلا موضع لبنة من زاوية من زوايا، فجعل الناس يطوفون به ويعجبون له ويقولون هلا وضعت هذه اللبنة قال فأنا اللبنة وأنا خاتم النبیین" صحیح مسلم، حديث رقم ۲۲۸۹

for its own sake, relative to their lofty aspirations - even if they were in it at a lower degree than others. This does not detract from their perfection. (So verify what we have said) concerning the sciences of the rank of the Seal of the Prophets in the knowledge of God according to its reality. And that it is not impugned by his rank being lower than the Final Messenger with respect to his elemental constitution, inasmuch as he [the Seal of the Saints] is subordinate to him [the Seal of the Prophets] in respect of his prophethood. If it be said: the followership of the Seal of the Saints to the Seal of the Prophets in the realities of sainthood is prior in the ranks of knowledge of God, not in the knowledge of the events of the cosmos. So how can what the Shaykh - may God be pleased with him - claimed be correct, namely the followership of the Seal of the Saints to the Seal of the Prophets, when the Seal of the Prophets precedes all in the ranks of knowledge of God? We say: this is in reality an expression of the followership of the reality of his absolute sainthood to his sainthood as individuated after his elemental constitution. And if you wish, verify that. %~% Text of the Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam: 'It was complete save for the place of one brick, and the Prophet - God bless him and grant him peace - was that brick. Except that he - God bless him and grant him peace - does not see it, as he said, as a single brick. As for the Seal of the Saints, he must have this vision, and he sees what the Messenger of God - God bless him and grant him peace - was likened to.' Al-Jāmī's commentary: So listen to what is recited to you. Know that the Muhammadan reality comprises all the realities of prophethood and sainthood: the oneness-of-gathering of the realities of prophethood is its manifest aspect, and the oneness-of-gathering of the realities of sainthood is its nonmanifest aspect. So the prophets, insofar as they are prophets, draw from the niche of his manifest prophethood, and insofar as they are saints, draw from the niche of his nonmanifest sainthood. Likewise the following saints draw from the niche of his sainthood. So the saints and prophets are all loci of manifestation of his reality: the prophets for the manifest aspect of his prophethood, and the saints for the nonmanifest aspect of his sainthood. And the Seal of the Saints is the locus of manifestation of the oneness-of-gathering of the realities of his nonmanifest sainthood. So the drawing from the niche of the Seal of the Saints is in reality a drawing from the niche of the Seal of the Prophets, for his niche is part of his [the Prophet's] niche. So there is in reality no drawing except from the niche of the Seal of the Prophets; the drawing is only ascribed to the Seal of the Saints in consideration of his reality, which is part of the reality of the Seal of the Prophets. And the meaning of the Seal of the Prophets' drawing from him, with respect to... his drawing with respect to the elemental constitution from a reality that is part of his reality, and that final saint is his locus of manifestation - so this is in reality a drawing from himself, not from another. And God knows best the realities. (And when the Prophet likened prophethood to a wall of bricks), because prophethood is the form of the divine encompassment of the legal ordinances, the derivative rulings, the wisdoms, and the secrets; and the ordinance-based proof God set upon the tongues of His messengers and in His books, and every brick in that wall was the form of one of the prophets. This refers to the hadith: 'On the authority of Abū Hurayra, that the Messenger of God said: My likeness and the likeness of the prophets before me is that of a man who built a building and made it excellent and beautiful, except for the place of one brick in one of its corners, so the people began to circle around it, marveling at it, and saying: Why was this brick not placed? He said: So I am that brick, and I am the Seal of the Prophets.' Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, ḥadīth no. 2289.

Words 88–90 · 1 of 6

فَتَحَقَّقْ ما ذَكَرْناهُ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿فتحقق ما ذكرناه﴾

فإن الأمر في نفسه على ما بيناه لك

For the matter in itself is as we have explained to you

Words 90–97 · 1 of 6

ذَكَرْناهُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ما مثل به النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ولكن في رؤياه %~% متن نص فصوص الحكم : ويرى في الحائط موضع لبنتين واللبنتان من ذهب وفضة . فترى اللبنتان ينقص الحائط عنهما ويكمل بهما، لبنة ذهب ولبنة فضة . فلا بد أن يرى نفسه تنطبع في موضع تينك اللبنتين ، فيكون خاتم الأولياء تينك اللبنتين في الحائط . والسبب الموجب لكونه رآها لبنتين أنه تابع لشرع خاتم الرسل في الظاهر وهو موضع اللبنة الفضية وهو ظاهره وما يثبعه فيه من الأحكام. كما هو آخذ من الله تعالى في السر ما هو بالصورة متبع فيه، لأنه يرى الأمر على ما هو عليه، فلا بد أن راه هكذا وهو موضع اللبنة الذهبية في الباطن، فإنه أتي من المعدني الذي يأ منه شرح الجامي : البنتبه على مرتبته ومقامه (فیری) ما مثل به رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم و من الحائط ويرى

but in his vision. %~% Text of the Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam: 'And he sees in the wall the place of two bricks, and the two bricks are of gold and silver. So he sees the two bricks that the wall is deficient without and completed by - a brick of gold and a brick of silver. So he must see himself imprinted in the place of those two bricks, and the Seal of the Saints becomes those two bricks in the wall. The reason necessitating that he saw them as two bricks is that he is a follower of the Law of the Seal of the Messengers outwardly, and that is the place of the silver brick, which is his outward aspect and what he follows him in of the rulings; just as he is one who takes from God in secret what he is, in form, followed in - for he sees the matter as it is. So he must see it thus, and that is the place of the golden brick inwardly, for he takes from the very source from which...' Al-Jāmī's commentary: notice his rank and station (so he sees) what the Messenger of God - God bless him and grant him peace - was likened to, of the wall, and sees

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.