Mashrabaمشربة

The commentators side by side

One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَفْثِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ شِيثِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶5 in the text

5 · 82 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فإذا وافَقَ السُّؤالُ الوَقْتَ أَسْرَعَ بالإِجابَةِ وإذا تَأَخَّرَ الوَقْتُ إمَّا في الدُّنْيا وإمَّا إلى الآخِرَةِ تَأَخَّرَتِ الإِجابَةُ أيِ المَسْئُولُ فيهِ لا الإِجابَةُ التي هيَ لَبَّيْكَ مِنَ اللهِ فافْهَمْ هذا وأمَّا القِسْمُ الثَّانِي وهوَ قَوْلُنا ومِنْها ما لا يَكونُ عن السُّؤَالِ فالذي لا يَكونُ عن سُؤالٍ فإنَّما أُرِيدَ بالسُّؤالِ التَّلَفُّظُ بهِ فإنَّهُ في نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ لا بُدَّ مِنْ سُؤالٍ إمَّا باللَّفْظِ أوْ بالحالِ أوْ بالاسْتِعْدادِ كما أنَّهُ لا يَصِحُّ حَمْدٌ مُطْلَقٌ قَطُّ إلَّا في اللَّفْظِ وأمَّا في المَعْنَى فلا بُدَّ أنْ يُقَيِّدَهُ الحالُ

So when the asking coincides with the [appointed] time, [God] hastens the response; and when the time is delayed, whether in this world or until the hereafter, the response is delayed: that is, the thing asked for [is delayed], not the response which is 'Here I am!' (labbayka) from God. So understand this. As for the second division, namely our statement, 'And among them is what does not come about through asking': that which does not come about through asking, what is meant by 'asking' [there] is only its being uttered in words; for in actual fact there must be asking, whether by word, by state, or by preparedness. Just as absolute praise is never valid except in the wording, whereas in the meaning the state must inevitably delimit it.

On the whole passage · 1 of 5

Only al-Qāshānī comments here.

al-Qāshānī

﴿وأما القسم الثاني : وهو قولنا ومنها ما لا يكون عن سؤال ، فالذي لا يكون عن سؤال فإنما أريد بالسؤال التلفظ به فإنه في نفس الأمر لا بد من سؤال إما باللفظ أو بالحال أو بالاستعداد ، كما أنه لا يصح حمد مطلق قط إلا في اللفظ وأما في المعنى فلا بد أن يقيده الحال فالذي يبعثك على حمد الله هو المقيد لك باسم فعل أو باسم تنزيه ، والاستعداد من العبد لا يشعر به صاحبه ويشعر بالحال لأنه يعلم الباعث وهو الحال ، فالاستعداد أخفى سؤال﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

القسم الثاني : هو الذي لا يكون عن سؤال ، ومنه تبين أن الأصناف الثلاثة كلها من القسم الأول كما ذكر ، وقد صرح بأن المراد بالسؤال في الأقسام كلها هو السؤال اللفظي. فإنه على ثلاثة أقسام : لفظى كما مر - وحالى - واستعدادى ولا بد في العطاء من سؤال الاستعداد ولا يتخلف عنه العطاء ، لأنه مقتضى الاستعداد في نفس الأمر ، أي ما قدر له حال عينه الثابتة قبل الوجود . وأما الحال فهو الباعث على الطلب وهو أيضا من الاستعداد ، فلو لم يكن في الاستعداد الطلب لم تحصل الداعية . ولكن لا يقتضي حصول المطلوب حال الطلب وإن اقتضاه في الجملة ، ثم شبه تقيد العطاء بالسؤال بتقيد الحمد بالسؤال . فإن الحمد لا يكون مطلقا إلا في اللفظ كقولك الحمد لله . وأما في المعنى فلا بد لك من باعث يبعثك على الحمد ، كما تتصور صحتك وسلامة بيتك فتحمد مطلقا . وأنت تعلم أنت تحمده على حفظه إياك وخلقه لك بريئا من العاهات . فقد قيد حمدك الباعث الذي هو تصور معنى صحتك وخلقتك السليمة ، باسم الباري الحافظ وهما اسما الفعل . وكما تدرك ديموميته تعالى فتحمده ، فقد قيد الحال حمدك بالاسم الذي لم يزل ولا يزال وهو اسم تنزيه . فكذلك العطاء فقد تستشرف نفسك إلى شيء فيرزقك ربك فذلك الاستشراف ، والطلب في النفس هو السؤال الحالي. وقد يصل إليك العطايا من غير شعور منك به ولا استشراف في النفس ، كمن تصادف كنزا بغتة فذلك منى اقتضاء استعدادك. ولذلك قال والاستعداد من العبد لا يشعر به صاحبه ويشعر بالحال لأنه يعلم الباعث وهو الحال ، والاستعداد أخفى سؤال وهو المشار إليه بقوله : " يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وأَخْفى ". فإن الحال لا يعلمه غير صاحبه إلا الله ، ولاستعداد هو الأخفى الذي لا يعلمه صاحبه أيضا فهو من غيب الغيوب ، الذي لا يعلمه إلا الله . قوله

The second division is that which is not in response to a request. From this it becomes clear that the three types [previously mentioned] all belong to the first division, as stated, and he has made explicit that what is meant by "request" in all the divisions is the verbal request. For it is of three kinds: verbal, as previously mentioned; by state; and by preparedness. In the gift there must inevitably be a request of preparedness, and the gift never fails to follow it, because it is what preparedness necessitates in reality—that is, what was decreed for it by the state of its fixed entity (ʿayn thābita) before existence. As for the state, it is what prompts the seeking, and it too belongs to preparedness; for if seeking were not in the preparedness, the motive would not arise. But the state of seeking does not necessitate the attainment of what is sought, even though it necessitates it in general. Then he likened the restriction of the gift by request to the restriction of praise by request. For praise is not unrestricted except in utterance, as in your saying "Praise be to God." But in meaning you must have a motive that prompts you to praise, as when you conceive your health and the soundness of your household and so praise unrestrictedly. Yet you know that you are praising Him for His preserving you and creating you free of defects. Thus your praise has been restricted by the motive—namely the conception of the meaning of your health and sound constitution—to the name of the Maker, the Preserver, which are both names of act. And just as you perceive His everlastingness, Exalted is He, and so praise Him, the state has restricted your praise to the name "the Ever-Enduring, the Never-Ceasing," which is a name of incomparability. Likewise with the gift: sometimes your self yearns for something and your Lord provides it for you—that yearning and seeking within the self is the request by state. And sometimes gifts reach you without any awareness on your part or any yearning in the self, like one who suddenly comes upon a treasure—that is from the requirement of your preparedness. Hence he said: "Preparedness on the part of the servant is not something its possessor is aware of, whereas he is aware of the state, because he knows the motive, which is the state; and preparedness is the most hidden request"—which is what is alluded to in His words: "He knows the secret and what is more hidden." For the state is known to none but its possessor and God; but preparedness is the more hidden thing, which even its possessor does not know, for it belongs to the unseen of unseens, which none knows but God. His words:

al-Qāshānī

﴿فإذا وافق السؤال الوقت أسرع بالإجابة وإذا تأخر الوقت﴾

أي وقته المقدر الذي هو فيه

time, He hastens the response; and when the time is delayed] that is, its appointed time in which it occurs

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فإذا وافق السؤال الوقت أسرع بالإجابة﴾

أي، حصول المسؤول في الحال

time, He hastens the response] that is, the occurrence of the thing asked for immediately

Ibn Turka

﴿فإذا وافق السؤال الوقت أسرع بالإجابة ، وإذا تأخر الوقت - إما في الدنيا وإما إلى الآخرة - تأخرت الإجابة - أي المسؤول فيه ، لا الإجابة التي هي « لبيك » من الله - فافهم هنا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإنها لاتتخلف عن السؤال أصلا ، لأنه موعود بقوله : " أجيب دعوة الداع إذا دعان". وقوله: "ادعوني أستجب لكم ". وقوله: " فاذكروني أذكركم ". ولا يمكن له أن يخلف الوعد ، فإنه لا يقبل الحلف بالنسبة إليه - بخلاف الوعيد . وأيضا فإن الوجود الكلامي و الصور الحرفية هي أقرب ما ينسب إليه صدور الآثار المسؤول عنها ، فلذلك ترى الحق إذا أراد الظهور بصورة الأثر قال : «كن» ، وبه ظهر العوالم والآثار ، فهي صاحب الأثر بالذات ، لايمكن أن يتخلف عنها ، وكأن قوله : « فافهم » إشارة إلى هذه الدقيقة . فعلم أن أصناف السائلين - أقل ما يحصل من هذا التقسيم - خمسة ، وهم في التقسيم الأول الحاصل من قوله : " منها ما يكون عن سؤال " ثمانية أقسام ، فالحاصل من المجموع یكون أربعين صنفا ، لكن الكتل منهم ثلاثة : السائل بالإمكان . والعبد الممتثل . والمطلع على مؤدي الاستعدادات ، العارف من نفس الاستعداد ما يقبله من الكمال . هذا تمام الكلام في القسم الأول يعني السائلين . أقسام السؤال : قال رضي الله عنه

for that response never fails to follow the asking at all, since it is promised in His saying: 'I answer the call of the caller when he calls upon Me,' and His saying: 'Call upon Me and I will answer you,' and His saying: 'So remember Me and I will remember you.' It is not possible for Him to break His promise, for oath-taking in relation to Him is inadmissible - unlike a threat. Moreover, the verbal existence (al-wujūd al-kalāmī) and the letter-forms are the nearest thing to which the emergence of the effects asked about may be ascribed; therefore you see that when the Real wills to manifest in the form of an effect, He says 'Be,' and by it the worlds and effects come into manifestation - He being, by His very Essence, the possessor of the effect, from which it is impossible that He lag behind. And it is as though his saying 'so understand' points to this subtle matter. Thus it is known that the types of requesters - the minimum yielded by this division - are five; and in the first division, resulting from his statement 'some of them come in response to a request,' there are eight subdivisions. So the total from the sum comes to forty types. But the pillars among them are three: the requester by way of possibility, the compliant servant, and the one apprised of the outcome of preparednesses, who knows from the preparedness itself what perfection it will receive. This completes the discussion of the first section, namely the requesters. The divisions of asking: He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿فإذا وافق السؤال﴾

أي وقته (الوقت) المقدر عند الله للإجابة بإعطاء السؤال فيه بأن يكون واحدة (أسرع) الله (سبحانه بالإجابة إذا تأخر الوقت). أي حصل الوقت المقدر للإجابة متأخرة عن وقت السؤال

i.e., its time, (with the [appointed]) time determined with God for the answer by granting the thing asked for at that time — should it happen to coincide — (He hastens) — God, Glory be to Him — (with the answer; and when the time is deferred), i.e., when the appointed time for the answer occurs later than the time of the asking

Bālī Zāde

﴿فإذا وافق السؤال الوقت﴾

المعين للمسؤول فيه

specified for the thing petitioned for,

Words 5–6 · 1 of 5

أَسْرَعَ بالإِجابَةِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿أسرع بالإجابة﴾

أي وقع مسؤول فيه في الحال

that is, the thing petitioned for comes to pass immediately.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وإذا تأخر الوقت﴾

أي، وقت حصول المسؤول

that is, the time of the occurrence of the thing asked for

Bālī Zāde

﴿وإذا تأخر الوقت إما في الدنيا وإما في الآخرة تأخرت الإجابة أي المسؤول فيه إلى﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وقت معين (لا) تأخرت

i.e., the thing petitioned for, until a specified time (not) is it deferred —

al-Qāshānī

﴿إما في الدنيا وإما في الآخرة ، تأخرت الإجابة﴾

أي المسئول فيه إلى ذلك الوقت

that is, what is requested is delayed until that time

al-Qayṣarī

﴿إما في الدنيا﴾

كالمطالب الدنياوية إذا تأخرت إجابتها. (وإما في الآخرة) كالمطالب الأخراوية

like worldly objects of desire, when their response is delayed. (or in the hereafter) like otherworldly objects of desire

Jāmī

﴿إما في الدنيا﴾

كما إذا حصل الأمر المسؤول فيه في الدنيا (وإما في الآخرة) كما إذا حصل الأمر فيه في الآخرة

as when the matter asked for occurs in this world, (or in the Hereafter) as when the matter occurs in the Hereafter

al-Qayṣarī

﴿تأخرت الإجابة، أي المسؤول فيه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إلى حصول وقتها

until the occurrence of its [proper] time

Jāmī

﴿تأخرت الإجابة أي المسؤول فيه … لا الإجابة التي هي لبيك من الله سبحانه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإنها لا تتأخر عن السؤال لما جاء في الخبر الصحيح: "إذا أحب الله عبدا أو أراد أن يصافيه؛ صب عليه البلاء صبا، وثجه عليه ثجا، فإذا دعا العبد قال: يا رباه! قال الله: لبيك عبدي، لا تسألني شيئا إلا أعطيتك، إما أن أعجله لك، وإما أن أدخره لك".أورده المنذري في الترغيب والترهيب وما بين الإجابتين من الالتباس، أردفه بقوله: (فافهم). وأما القسم الثاني من التقسيم الثالث للعطايا وهو قولنا

For it is not deferred from the request, as stated in the sound ḥadīth: 'When God loves a servant, or wishes to purify him fully, He pours trial upon him abundantly and floods it upon him copiously. So when the servant calls out, saying: O my Lord! God says: Here I am (labbayka), My servant — you shall ask Me nothing but I give it to you, either hastening it for you, or storing it up for you.' Al-Mundhirī cited it in al-Targhīb wa-l-Tarhīb. And regarding the ambiguity between the two responses, he followed it with his statement: (So understand). As for the second division of the third classification of the gifts, namely our statement

al-Qāshānī

﴿لا الإجابة التي هي لبيك من الله فافهم هذا﴾

والمراد بالإجابة الإجابة بالفعل وهو حصول المسئول ، لا الإجابة بالقول الذي هو لبيك . فقد يكون العبد محبوبا إلى الله ويجيب سؤاله بلبيك . ولا يجيبه بإعطاء ما سأل لما يرى له من المصلحة في التأخير كما قدر مع أنه يحب سؤاله ودعاءه ويزيد في قربه وكرامته ويسمع إليه ويرضاه . ولهذا قال فافهم هذ فقد يحب الله العبد ويجيب سؤاله ، ولا يعطيه المسئول لحبه له . وقد يعطيه ولا يحبه بل يستدرجه

By "response" (al-ijāba) is meant the response in actuality, which is the occurrence of what was requested—not the verbal response, which is "at Your service." For a servant may be beloved to God, and He responds to his request with "at Your service," yet does not respond by granting what he requested, on account of what He sees as the benefit in delay, as decreed—even while loving his request and supplication, increasing his nearness and honor, listening to him, and being pleased with him. This is why he said "so understand this": for God may love the servant and respond to his request [verbally], yet not give him what was requested, out of love for him; and He may give it to him without loving him, but rather leading him on by degrees (yastadrijuhu)

al-Qayṣarī

﴿لا الإجابة التي هي لبيكمن الله، فافهم هذا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إشارة إلى ما جاء في الحديث الصحيح: (إن العبد إذا دعاربه، يقول الله : لبيك يا عبدي). في الحال من غير تأخر عن وقت الدعاء. ومعنى (لبيك) من الله ليس إلا إجابة المسؤول في الحال، لكن ظهوره موقوف إلى الوقت المقدر له. بل الحق تعالى ما يلقى في قلب العبد الدعاء والطلب إلا للإجابة، لذلك قال

an allusion to what has come in the sound hadith: 'When the servant calls upon his Lord, God says: At Your service, O My servant'—immediately, without any delay from the time of the supplication. The meaning of God's 'At Your service' is nothing other than the response to the request immediately, but its manifestation depends upon the time appointed for it. Indeed, the Real, exalted, does not cast supplication and request into the servant's heart except for the sake of responding; therefore he said

﴿لا الإجابة التي هي لبيك من الله.﴾

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿الإجابة التي هي لبيك من الله﴾

إذا دعا العبد ربه شيئا فقال الله تعالی: لبيك يا عبدي فإن هذه الإجابة تقع في الحال قوله

When the servant supplicates his Lord for something and God Most High says, "At your service, O My servant," this response occurs immediately. His statement,

Words 28–29 · 1 of 5

فافْهَمْ هذا

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿فافهم هذا﴾

إشارة إلى أن من دعي من الله شيئ فقال الله : لبيك يدل على قبول مراده من الله وأن عدم مسألته الآن لعدم حصول وقته. (وأما القسم الثاني وهو قولنا ومنها ما لا يكون عن سؤال

is an indication that when something is petitioned from God and God says, "At your service," this indicates acceptance of his desire from God, and that his not [yet] receiving it now is only because its time has not yet arrived. (As for the second category, which is our statement: "and some of it is not from a petition")

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وأما القسم الثاني وهو قولنا: ومنها ما لا يكون عن سؤال، فالذي لا يكون عن سؤال، فإنما أريد بالسؤال التلفظ به، فإنه في نفس الأمر لا بد من سؤال، إما باللفظ أو بالحال أو بالاستعداد﴾

القسم الثاني وهو السؤال بلسان الحال والاستعداد، والأول كقيام الفقير بين يدي الغنى لطلب الدنيا، وسؤال الحيوانما يحتاج إليه. لذلك قيل لسان الحال أفصح من لسان القال. وقال الشاعر: وفي النفس حاجات وفيك فطانة %~% سكوتي بيان عندكم وخطاب والسؤال بلسان الاستعداد، كسؤال الأسماء الإلهية ظهور كمالاتها و سؤال الأعيان الثابتة وجوداتها الخارجية. ولو لا ذلك السؤال، ما كان يوجدموجود قط، لأن ذاته تعالى غنية عن العالمين. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

the second division is asking by the tongue of state and of preparedness. The first is like the standing of the poor person before the wealthy one to request worldly goods, and the request of an animal for what it needs; therefore it was said: the tongue of state is more eloquent than the tongue of speech. And the poet said: 'And within the soul are needs, and in you is discernment; my silence is, for you, explanation and address.' And asking by the tongue of preparedness is like the asking of the divine names for the manifestation of their perfections, and the asking of the fixed entities (aʿyān thābita) for their external existences. Were it not for that asking, no existent thing would ever have come into existence, for His Essence, exalted, is independent (ghaniyya) of the worlds. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Ibn Turka

﴿وأما القسم الثاني - وهو قولنا : « ومنها ما لا يكون عن سؤال » فالذي لا يكون عن سؤال ، فإنما أريد بالسؤال : التلفظ به ؛ فإنه في نفس الأمر لابد من سؤال﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ضرورة أن الفيض تابع للعلم ، والعلم تابع لما يستدعي القابل السائل مما يقتضيه ذاته . وذلك السؤال

since the effusion (fayḍ) follows knowledge, and knowledge follows what the receptive requester calls for by virtue of what its essence necessitates. And that request

Jāmī

﴿عن السؤال﴾

سكت) عنه

he was silent) about it

﴿ومنها ما لا يكون عن سؤال فإنما أريد بالسؤال اللفظ به﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي السؤال اللفظي لا السؤال مطلقا

That is, the verbal request, not the request absolutely.

Words 46–50 · 1 of 5

فإنَّما أُرِيدَ بالسُّؤالِ التَّلَفُّظُ بهِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿فإنما أريد بالسؤال اللفظة به﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي التلفظ به (فإنه) أي الشأن

that is, articulating it (for the matter),

Jāmī

﴿فإنه في نفس الأمر لا بد﴾

في حصول المسؤول

in the occurrence of the thing asked for

Bālī Zāde

﴿في نفس الأمر﴾

أي في الواقع

that is, in reality —

Words 55–56 · 1 of 5

لا بُدَّ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا بد﴾

لكل وارد (من) وجود

for every incoming [grace] (be) the existence of

Jāmī

﴿من سؤال إما باللفظ﴾

كما إذا قال : اللهم أعطني عطية أو مقيدة كما قال : اللهم أعطني علما نافعا

as when one says: O God, grant me a gift — or qualified, as when one says: O God, grant me beneficial knowledge

Bālī Zāde

﴿سؤال إما باللفظ … او بالحال أو بالاستعداد كما أنه لا يصح حمد مطلق قط إلا في اللفظ وأما في المعنى فلا بد أن يقيده … الحال فالذي يبعثك على حمد الله هو المفيد لك باسم فعل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

كحمدك على الله بالوهاب والرزاق ( أو باسم تنزیه) مثل سبوح قدوس. فإن قلت قد ثبت من قبل أن معرفة الاستعداد حاصل لصاحبه وقوله

such as your praising God by [the names] the Bestower, the Provider, (or by a name of incomparability) such as All-Glorified, All-Holy. Now if you say: it has already been established that knowledge of preparedness is attained by its possessor, and his statement,

Words 59–63 · 1 of 5

إمَّا باللَّفْظِ أوْ بالحالِ أوْ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿إما باللفظ، أو بالحال ، أوبالاستعداد﴾

إلا أن الحال والاستعداد يقيدان السؤال ويسري حكمهما فيه لشدة ارتباطهما بلسانيهما دون اللفظ ، فإنه لا يسرى أحكام تقييد اللافظ منه إليه ، وذلك لاستقلال مرتبة الكلام في مراتب الوجود ، وكمال جمعيته وإحاطته في الظهور ، فيمكن أن يؤدي بإطلاقه

However, the state and the preparedness qualify the request, and their ruling extends into it because of the strong connection of each of the two to its own tongue, unlike the utterance; for the rulings of restriction do not extend from the one uttering the request to it — this being due to the independence of the rank of speech among the ranks of existence, and the perfection of its comprehensiveness and all-inclusiveness in manifestation, so that it may convey, by its unrestrictedness,

Words 61–64 · 1 of 5

أوْ بالحالِ أوْ بالاسْتِعْدادِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿أو بالحال أو الاستعداد﴾

ولا بد أن يكون السؤال الواقع بلسانهما مقيدة، فإن لسان الحالي أو الاستعداد لا يسأل إلا مقيدة لعدم اقتضاء الحال المعين أو الاستعداد إلا أمر معينة فلا يصح سؤال عطاء معلقة إلا في اللفظ . وأما في نفس الأمر فلا بد أن يقيده الحالي أو الاستعداد

and the asking that occurs by the tongue of these two must necessarily be qualified, for the tongue of state or of preparedness asks only in a qualified manner, since the determined state or the preparedness necessitates nothing but a specific matter; so an unqualified [absolute] asking for a gift is valid only verbally. But in reality it must be qualified by the state or the preparedness.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿كما أنه لا يصح حمد مطلق قط إلا في اللفظ، وأما في المعنى فلا بد أن يقيده الحال. فالذي يبعثك على حمد الله هو المقيد لك باسم فعل أو باسم تنزيه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، لا بدفي نفس الأمر من سؤال، وذلك السؤال لا يصح أن يكون مطلقا إلا في اللفظ، كمالا يصح الحمد المطلق إلا فيه. وذلك لأن السؤال بلسان الحال والاستعداد يقيد المسؤول بما يقتضى ذلك الحال المخصوص والاستعداد المعين، وهكذا الحمد بلسان الحال مقيد بذلك الحال المعين. وهو الباعث للإنسان بأن يتقيد ويحمد الحق باسم فعل ك "المعطى" و "الرزاق" و "الوهاب"، أو باسم صفة تنزيهية ك "القدوس" و "الغنى" و "الصمد" ، أو باسم صفة إضافية ك "العليم" و "الحكيم" و "القادر" ، وهكذا بلسان الاستعدادات الجزئية أيضا، ليقيدها بأزمنة معينة. واعلم، أن حقيقة "الحمد"، من حيث هي هي، لا لسان لها ولا حكم، و من حيث إطلاقها وعمومها، يكون محمودة الوجود من حيث انبساطه على الأكوان. ولسانها قولنا: "الحمد لله على كل حال". ومن حيث تقيدها بحال من الأحوال، يكون المحمود أيضا مقيد باسم فعل أو صفة أو تنزيه. " والسؤال أيضا كذلك

that is, there must, in the true state of affairs, be an asking, and that asking cannot be valid as absolute except verbally, just as absolute praise is not valid except verbally. This is because asking by the tongue of state and preparedness restricts the thing asked for by what that particular state and specific preparedness require, and likewise praise by the tongue of state is restricted by that specific state. And it is what rouses the human being to be restricted and to praise the Real by a name of act, such as 'the Giver,' 'the Provider,' 'the Bestower,' or by a name of an incomparability-attribute (ṣifa tanzīhiyya), such as 'the Holy,' 'the Independent,' 'the Everlasting Refuge,' or by a name of a relational attribute (ṣifa iḍāfiyya), such as 'the Knowing,' 'the Wise,' 'the Powerful'—and likewise by the tongue of the particular preparednesses as well, so as to restrict them to specific times. And know that the reality of 'praise,' considered in itself, has no tongue and no judgment; and considered in its absoluteness and generality, the Praised One is [known] in respect of the existence [of things] insofar as it is spread over the created beings, and its tongue is our saying: 'Praise be to God in every state.' And considered in its restriction by one of the states, the Praised One is likewise restricted by a name of act, or attribute, or incomparability. And asking is likewise so

Ibn Turka

﴿كما أنه لايصح حمد مطلق قط إلا في اللفظ ، وأما في المعنى فلابد أن يقيده الحال﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ويسري حكمها فيه لصفاء عالمه

and its ruling extends into it because of the purity of its world (ʿālam).

Jāmī

﴿كما أنه لا يصح حمد مطلق إلا في اللفظ وأما في المعنى فلا بد أن يقيده الحال فالذي يبعثك على حمد الله سبحانه هو القيد لك باسم فعل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

كما إذا كنت مريضة مثلا ويشفيك الله تعالى، فقلت: %~% متن نص فصوص الحكم : و الاستعداد من العبد لا يشعر به صاحبه و يشعر بالحال لأنه يعلم الباعث و هو الحال. فالاستعداد أخفى سؤال. و إِنما يمنع هؤلاء من السؤال علمهم بأن اللَّه فيهم سابقة قضاء. فهم قد هيَّئوا مَحَلّهم لقبول ما يرد منه و قد غابوا عن نفوسهم و أغراضهم. و من هؤلاء من يعلم أنّ علم اللَّه به في جميع أحواله هو ما كان عليه في حال ثبوت عينه قبل وجودها، و يعلم أن الحق لا يعطيه إِلا ما أعطاه عينه من العلم به و هو ما كان عليه شرح الجامي : الحمد لله، نحمدك وإن وقع على اسم الله المطلق. لكن حالك الذي هو الشفاء بعد المرض يفيد حمدك بالاسم الشافي. فكأنك قلت : الحمد للشافي

as when, for example, you were ill and God, Most High, cures you, and you say — [Text of the Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam continues:] and the preparedness on the part of the servant, its possessor is not aware of it, though he is aware of the state, because he knows the prompting cause, which is the state. So preparedness is the most hidden of askings. And what prevents these [people] from asking is their knowledge that God's decree concerning them has already preceded within them. For they have prepared their locus (maḥall) to receive whatever comes from Him, and they have become absent from themselves and their [own] purposes. And among these is one who knows that God's knowledge of him, in all his states, is what it was in the state of the fixity of his entity (ʿayn) prior to its [external] existence, and knows that the Real gives him nothing except what his entity gave Him of knowledge of it, which is what it was — [Jāmī's commentary]: "Praise be to God" — we praise You even though it falls upon the absolute Name of God; yet your state, which is being cured after illness, makes your praise pertain by the Name "the Healer." It is as though you said: Praise be to the Healer.

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.