Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ سُبُّوحِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ نُوحِيَّةٍ

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اعْلَمْ أَنَّ التَّنْزِيهَ عِندَ أَهْلِ الحَقَائِقِ في الجَنَابِ الإِلَهِيِّ عَيْنُ التَّحْدِيدِ وَالتَّقْيِيدِ فَالمُنَزِّهُ إِمَّا جَاهِلٌ وَإِمَّا صَاحِبُ سُوءِ أَدَبٍ وَلَكِنْ إِذَا أَطْلَقَاهُ وَقَالا بِهِ فَالْقَائِلُ بِالْشَّرَائِعِ الْمُؤْمِنُ إِذَا نَزَّهَ وَوَقَفَ عِندَ التَّنْزِيهِ وَلَمْ يَرَ غَيْرَ ذَلكَ فَقَدْ أَسَاءَ الأَدَبَ وَأَكْذَبَ الحَقَّ وَالرُّسُلِ صلوات اللّٰهِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُوَ لا يَشْعُرُ وَيَتَخَيِّلُ أَنَّهُ فِي الْحَاصِلِ وَهُوَ فِي الفَائِتِ

Know that declaring incomparability (tanzīh), in the view of the folk of the realities, is—with respect to the divine side—the very self of delimiting and restricting. So the one who declares incomparability is either ignorant or someone of ill courtesy. But if the two of them declare it without qualification and profess it [as the whole truth], then the one who professes the revealed laws, the believer, if he declares incomparability and halts at declaring incomparability and sees nothing other than that, has behaved with ill courtesy and has given the lie to the Real and to the messengers (God's blessings be upon them) without being aware of it. He imagines that he is in [possession of] what has been attained, while he is in what has slipped away [from him].

On the whole passage · 4 of 6

al-Qāshānī

﴿فالقائل بالشرائع المؤمن إذا نزه ووقف عند التنزيه ولم ير غير ذلك فقد أساء الأدب وأكذب الحق والرسل صلوات الله عليهم وهو لا يشعر ، ويتخيل أنه في الحاصل وهو في الفائت ، وهو كمن آمن ببعض وكفر ببعض﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فقد أساء الأدب وأكذب الحق والرسل ، لأن الكتب الإلهية والرسل ناطقة بالجمع بين التشبيه والتنزيه وهو يخالفهما

incomparable and stops at tanzīh, seeing nothing beyond it, has committed bad manners and has given the lie to the Real and to the messengers—God's blessings be upon them—without realizing it. He imagines himself to be among those who have attained, while he is among those who have missed [the mark]; he is like one who believes in part and disbelieves in part] — he has committed bad manners and given the lie to the Real and to the messengers, because the divine scriptures and the messengers speak of combining tashbīh and tanzīh, and he contradicts both of them.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ولكن إذا أطلقاه وقالا به، فالقائل بالشرائع المؤمن، إذا نزه ووقف عند التنزيه ولم ير غير ذلك، فقد أساء الأدب وأكذب الحق والرسل، صلوات الله عليهم، وهو لا يشعر ويتخيل أنه في الحاصل وهو في الفائت. وهو كمن آمن ببعض وكفر ببعض﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، الجاهل وصاحب سوء الأدب إذا أطلقا التنزيه وقالا به، كل منهما إما أن يكون مؤمنا بالشرائع والكتب الإلهية، أو غير مؤمن بها. فالمؤمن إذا نزه الحق ووقف عنده ولم يشبه في مقام التشبيه ولم يثبت تلك الصفات التي هي كمالات في العالم، فقد أساء الأدب وكذب الرسل والكتب الإلهية فيما أخبر به عن نفسه بأنه (الحي القيوم السميع البصير). ولا يشعر بهذا التكذيب الصادر منه، ويتخيل أنها له حاصلا من العلوم والمعارف وأنه مؤمن وموحد، وما يعلم أنها فائت منه، وهو كمن آمن ببعض، وهو مقام التنزيه، وكفر ببعض، وهو مقام التشبيه. وغير المؤمن، سواء كان قائلا بعقله كالفلاسفة أو لم يكن كمقلديهمالمتفلسفة، فقد ضل وأضل، لأنه ما علم الأمر على ما هو عليه، وما اهتدى بنور الإيمان الرافع للحجب. وإنما ترك هذا القسم لوضوح بطلانه. (ولا سيما قد علم) على البناء للفاعل أو المفعول

while he is in fact deprived of it. He is like one who believes in part and disbelieves in part.] That is: the ignorant one and the one of poor courtesy, when they apply tanzīh absolutely and hold to it, each of them is either a believer in the revealed Laws and the divine Books, or is not a believer in them. So the believer, if he declares the Real incomparable and stops there, not affirming tashbīh in the station of tashbīh, nor affirming those attributes which are perfections in the cosmos, has been discourteous and has given the lie to the messengers and the divine Books in what they reported of Him concerning Himself—that He is 'the Living, the Self-Subsisting, the Hearing, the Seeing.' Yet he is unaware of this act of denial issuing from himself, and imagines that these [truths] are attained by him among [his] sciences and forms of knowledge, and that he is a believer and a professor of divine unity (muwaḥḥid), not knowing that they have in fact escaped him. He is like one who believes in part—which is the station of tanzīh—and disbelieves in part—which is the station of tashbīh. As for the non-believer, whether he speaks according to his own reason, like the philosophers, or does not [reason independently] but merely imitates them, like their followers among the pseudo-philosophers, he has gone astray and led [others] astray, because he has not known the matter as it truly is, and has not been guided by the light of faith which lifts the veils. This category has simply been left aside because its falsity is evident. ('Especially since it is known'—[to be read either] in the active or the passive voice.)

al-Tilimsānī

﴿ولكن إذا أطلقاه وقالا به، فالقائل بالشرائع المؤمن إذا نزه ووقف عند التنزيه ولم ير غير ذلك، فقد أساء الأدب وأكذب الحق تعالی والرسل، صلوات الله عليهم، وهو لا يشعر، ويتخيل أنه في الحاصل وهو في الفائت. وهو كمن آمن بعض وکفر ببعض، ولا سيما وقد علم أن ألسنة الشرائع الإلهية إذا نطفت في الحق تعالی بما نطقت إنما جاءت به في العموم على المفهوم الأول، وعلى الخصوص على كل مفهوم يفهم من وجوه ذلك اللفظ بأي لسان كان في وضع ذلك اللسان.﴾

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قال رضي الله عنه

He said, may God be pleased with him]

Jāmī

﴿و يتخيل أنه في الحاصل و هو من الفائت. و هو كمن آمن ببعض و كفر ببعض، و لا سيما وقد علم أن ألسنة الشرائع الإلهية إذا نطقت في الحق تعالى بما نطقت إنما جاءت به في العموم على المفهوم الأول، و على الخصوص على كل مفهوم يفهم من وجوه ذلك اللفظ بأي لسان كان في وضع ذلك اللسان. فإن للحق في كل خلق ظهورا: فهو الظاهر في كل مفهوم، و هو الباطن عن كل فهم إلا عن فهم من قال إن العالم صورته و هويته: و هو الاسم الظاهر، كما أنه بالمعنى روح ما ظهر، فهو الباطن. فنسبته لما ظهر من صور العالم نسبة الروح المدبر للصورة﴾

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قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qāshānī

﴿اعلم أن التنزيه عند أهل الحقائق في الجناب الإلهي عين التحديد والتقييد﴾

معناه أن التنزيه تمييزه عن المحدثات والجسمانيات وعن كل ما لا يقبل التنزيه من الماديات ، وكل ما تميز عن شيء فهو إنما يتميز عنه بصفة منافية لصفة التميز عنه ، فهو إذن مقيد بصفة ومحدود بحد فكان التنزيه عين التحديد غاية ما في الباب أن المنزه نزهه عن صفات الجسمانيات فقد شبهه بالروحانيات في التجريد ، أو نزه عن التقييد فقد قيده بالإطلاق والله منزه عن قيدى التقييد والإطلاق ، بل مطلق لا يتقيد بأحدهما ولا ينافيهما

Its meaning is that tanzīh consists in distinguishing Him from originated and corporeal things and from everything material that does not admit of tanzīh. Now everything distinguished from something is distinguished from it only by an attribute that is opposed to the attribute [shared] by that from which it is distinguished. It is therefore restricted (muqayyad) by an attribute and delimited (maḥdūd) by a limit (ḥadd), so tanzīh is identical with delimitation. The utmost that can be said on this matter is that he who declares Him incomparable has declared Him incomparable with respect to the attributes of corporeal things, and has thereby likened Him (shabbahahu) to spiritual things in respect of abstraction (tajrīd); or he has declared Him incomparable with respect to restriction, and has thereby restricted Him by absoluteness (iṭlāq). But God is incomparable with respect to both the restriction of restriction and the restriction of absoluteness; rather, He is absolute (muṭlaq), not restricted by either of the two nor opposed to them.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿اعلم ، أن التنزيه عند أهل الحقائق في الجناب الإلهي عين التحديد والتقييد. والمنزه إما جاهل وإما صاحب سوء أدب﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

اعلم، أن التنزيه إما أن يكون من النقائص الإمكانية فقط، أو منها ومن الكمالات الإنسانية أيضا. وكل منهما عند أهل الكشف والشهود تحديد للجناب الإلهي وتقييد له، لأنه يميز الحق عن جميع الموجودات ويجعل ظهوره في بعض مراتبه، وهو ما يقتضى التنزيه دون البعض، وهو ما يقتضى التشبيه، كالحياة والعلم والقدرة والسمع والبصر وغير ذلك. وليس الأمر كذلك. فإن الموجودات بذواتهم ووجوداتهم وكمالاتهم كلها مظاهر للحق، وهو ظاهر فيهم ومتجل لهم: (وهو معهم أينما كانوا). فيه ذواتهم ووجودهم وبقاؤهم وجميع صفاتهم، بل هو الذي ظهر بهذه الصور كلها، فهي للحق بالأصالة، وللخلق بالتبعية. فالمنزه إما جاهل بالأمر على ما هو عليه، أو عالم بأن العالم كله مظهره. فإن كان جاهلا وحكم بجهله على الله وقيده في بعض مراتبه، فهو جاهل وصاحب سوء أدب، وإن كان عالما به، فقد أساء الأدب مع الله تعالى ورسله بنفيه عنه ما أثبته هو لنفسه في مقامي جمعه وتفصيله. هذا في مقام الإلهية. وأما في مقام الأحدية الذاتية، فلا تشبيه ولا تنزيه إذ لا تعدد فيه بوجه أصلا. قال الشيخ في عنقاء المغرب مخاطبا للمنزه: (وغاية معرفتك به أن تسلب عنه نقائص الكون، وسلب العبد عن ربه ما لا يجوز عليه، راجع إليه، وفي هذا المقام قال من قال: "سبحاني" دون التواني. هيهات قد وهل يعرى من شئ إلا من لبسه، أو يؤخذ شئ إلا ممن حبسه؟ ومتى لبس الحق صفات النقص حتى تسلبها عنه أو تعريه؟ والله، ما هذه حالة التنزيه. فالتنزيه راجع إلى تطهير محلك لا إلى ذاته. وهو من جملة منحه لك وهباته) . والباري منزه عن التنزيه، فكيف عن التشبيه

Know that tanzīh is applied either to the possible imperfections alone, or to these together with the human perfections as well. Each of the two, in the view of the folk of unveiling and witnessing, is a delimitation and restriction of the divine presence, because it distinguishes the Real from all existent things and makes His manifestation occur in some of His levels—which is what tanzīh requires—rather than in others—which is what tashbīh (declaring similarity) requires—such as life, knowledge, power, hearing, sight, and so forth. But the matter is not so. For the existent things, in their essences, their existences, and their perfections, are all loci of manifestation (maẓāhir) for the Real; He is manifest in them and self-disclosed to them: 'He is with them wherever they are.' In Him are their essences, their existence, their subsistence, and all their attributes; rather, it is He who has become manifest in all these forms. So these belong to the Real by way of origination, and to creation by way of subordination. So the one who declares incomparability is either ignorant of the matter as it truly is, or one who knows that the entire cosmos is His locus of manifestation. If he is ignorant, and judges God according to his ignorance and restricts Him to some of His levels, then he is ignorant and lacking in courtesy; and if he knows the truth [yet still does so], he has been discourteous toward God, Exalted, and His messengers, by negating from Him what He Himself affirmed for Himself in the two stations of His all-comprehensiveness (jamʿ) and His differentiation (tafṣīl). This is the case in the station of divinity (ulūhiyya). As for the station of essential oneness (aḥadiyya dhātiyya), there is neither tashbīh nor tanzīh in it, since there is no multiplicity in it whatsoever. The Shaykh said in ʿAnqāʾ Mughrib, addressing the one who declares incomparability: 'The utmost of your knowledge of Him is that you strip from Him the imperfections of created being; and the servant's stripping from his Lord what is not permissible for Him reverts back to the servant himself. In this station one who said "Glory be to me!" said it without slackening. How far off! For can anything be divested save of what it has been clothed in, or can anything be taken save from one who has withheld it? And when did the Real ever wear the attributes of imperfection, that you should strip them from Him or divest Him of them? By God, this is not the true condition of tanzīh! Rather, tanzīh reverts to the purification of your own locus [of receptivity], not to His Essence. And it is among the totality of His grants (minaḥ) and bestowals (hibāt) to you.' The Maker is transcendent beyond tanzīh itself—how much more so beyond tashbīh!

al-Tilimsānī

﴿اعلم أن التنزيه عند أهل الحقائق في الجناب الإلهي عين التحديد والتقييد، فالمنزه إما جاهل وإما صاحب سوء أدب.﴾

قلت: لما قال فص حكمة سبوحية تكلم في معنى السبوح وهو المنزه، فشرع في تحقيق التنزيه وسمى صاحبه إما جاهلا وإما صاحب سوء أدب. أما جهله، فمن جهة أن يقول إن الله تعالى منزه عن كل صفة تشاركه في التسمية بها خلقه ، فيلزم هذا القائل أحد أمرين: إما أن لا يتسمى الحق تعالی أنه سميع بصير متكلم بل ولا حي عالم مريد قادر، فإن هذه الأسماء يصح إطلاقها على خلقه. أو ينفي هذه الصفات عن خلقه وذلك ممنوع لأن الشريعة المطهرة جاءت على وفق التسمية بهذه الأسماء لخلقه. اللهم إلا أن يقولوا: إن هذه الأسماء من الأسماء المشتركة. فيقال لهم: سلمنا ذلك لكن هل يفهم منها حالة إطلاقها على الحق جل جلاله ما كان من وضع واضع اللغة أو غيره؟ فإن كان هو بعينه، فالتنزيه مناف لما دل عليه الوضع. أو لا يكون معناها ما دل عليه الوضع اللغوي؟ فلا يكون قد خاطبنا باللسان العربي وقد قال تعالى: " بلسان عربي مبين" (الشعراء: 195). هذا إذا تكلمنا معهم بمبلغ عقولهم فهم جهال, وإن تكلمنا بما يقتضيه الشهود، فالحق تعالی موصوف بهذه الصفات ولا يخلو منه مكان ولا زمان. فقول القائل في التنزيه: إنه لا فوق ولا تحت ولا يمين ولا شمال ولا أمام ولا خلف ولا وسط، أو أن يقال إنه لا يرى كما يقوله المعتزلة ومن تابعهم لا في الدنيا ولا في الآخرة فهم جاهلون بالله تعالى، فإن الحق خلاف ما قالوه. قال: وإما أن يكون صاحب سوء أدب، وهولاء، الذين هم أصحاب سوء الأدب، على قسمين: "القسم الأول :" إما أن يقولوا على الله تعالى من تنزيهه ما يتحققون خلافه فلا يكون ما قالوه تنزيها بل كفرا، وهذا القسم قليل أن يوجد. القسم الثاني: أن يروا من يعتقد نفي الصفات التي أثبتها لنفسه عنه تعالى فيوافقونهم في القول تملقا ونفاقا وهم يعتقدون الحق ويظهرون خلافه، فإذن المنزه إما جاهل وإما صاحب سوء أدب. قوله رضي الله عنه

I say: When he entitled the chapter "the wisdom of holiness (subbūḥiyya)," he spoke of the meaning of subbūḥ, which is that which is declared incomparable, so he proceeded to verify the meaning of tanzīh and named its holder either ignorant or lacking in proper conduct. As for his ignorance, it is from the angle of saying that God, exalted, is incomparable with every attribute that His creation shares with Him in being named by, for this speaker is bound by one of two things: either that the Real, exalted, is not named as hearing, seeing, speaking—nor even as living, knowing, willing, powerful—for these names may rightly be applied to His creation; or he must deny these attributes of His creation, and that is impossible, for the pure Sharia came in accordance with naming His creation by these names. Unless they say: these names are among the shared names (mushtaraka). Then it is said to them: granted that, but is what is understood from them, when applied to the Real, glorious is He, the same as what was established by the one who coined the language, or something else? If it is the very same, then tanzīh contradicts what the linguistic convention indicates. Or is its meaning not what the linguistic convention indicates? Then He would not have addressed us in the Arabic tongue, while He, exalted, said: "in a clear Arabic tongue" (al-Shuʿarāʾ: 195). This is when we speak with them at the level of their intellects, for they are ignorant; but if we speak according to what witnessing (shuhūd) requires, then the Real, exalted, is described by these attributes, and no place or time is devoid of Him. So the statement of one who says in tanzīh: that He is neither above nor below, neither right nor left, neither before nor behind, nor in the middle, or that it is said He cannot be seen, as the Muʿtazila and their followers say, neither in this world nor the next—such people are ignorant of God, exalted, for the Real is contrary to what they said. He said: or else he may be lacking in proper conduct, and those who lack proper conduct are of two kinds: The first kind: those who say of God, exalted, by way of tanzīh, something whose opposite they themselves affirm as true, so what they say is not tanzīh but unbelief (kufr), and this kind is rarely found. The second kind: those who see someone who believes in denying the attributes which He, exalted, affirmed for Himself, and they agree with them in speech out of flattery and hypocrisy, while they themselves believe the truth (al-ḥaqq) and outwardly show its opposite. So then, whoever declares incomparability is either ignorant or lacking in proper conduct. His saying, may God be pleased with him]

Ibn Turka

﴿اعلم أنّ التنزيه عند أهل الحقائق في الجناب الإلهي عين التحديد والتقييد﴾

وذلك لأنّ التنزيه عبارة عن تبعيده تعالى عن المواد الهيولانيّة وما يستتبعه من التحدّد والتحيّز ، وعن الصور الكونيّة المنوّعة والحوادث الإمكانيّة المعيّنة وما يستدعيه من التقيّد والتشخّص . والأوّل تنزيه المجتنبين عن التجسيم من المتكلَّمين ، والثاني تنزيه الحكماء . ولا شك أنّ تبعيده عن المواد يقتضي إثبات نسبته إليها ، وانتهاء حدّه عندها ، وذلك عين التحديد ، كما أنّ إطلاقه عن الصور الكونيّة المنوّعة والعوارض الحادثة المشخّصة إنّما يستدعى تخصيصه بالإطلاق وتمييزه به ، وهو عين التقييد . المنزّه إما جاهل وإما صاحب سوء أدب

This is because tanzīh is an expression for removing Him, exalted is He, from material substrates and what follows from these of delimitation and spatial confinement, and from the diversified cosmic forms and determinate possible occurrences, and what these entail of restriction and particularization. The first is the tanzīh of those theologians who avoid anthropomorphism (tajsīm); the second is the tanzīh of the philosophers. There is no doubt that removing Him from material substrates necessitates establishing His relation (nisba) to them, and the termination of His limit at them — and that is delimitation itself; just as freeing Him absolutely from the diversified cosmic forms and the particularized occurrent accidents necessarily entails specifying Him by absoluteness and distinguishing Him by it, which is restriction itself. The one who declares incomparability is either ignorant or lacking in proper manners.

Jāmī

﴿اعلم أن التنزيه﴾

سواء كان من النقائص مطلقا أو من الكمالات الخلقية

whether it be of deficiencies absolutely or of creaturely perfections

Bālī Zāde

﴿اعلم أن التنزيه عند أهل الحقائق﴾

أي عند المطلعين بالحقائق الأسمائية

i.e., according to those informed of the realities of the divine Names

Words 4–6 · 1 of 6

عِندَ أَهْلِ الحَقَائِقِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿عند أهل الحقائق﴾

العارفين بالأمور ما هي عليه

those who know things as they truly are

Jāmī

﴿في الجناب الإلهي﴾

المطلق عن كل قيد حتى قيد الإطلاق (عين التقييد والتحديد) . فإنه تخصيص وتقييد للحق سبحانه بما عدا ما نزه عنه

which is absolved of every restriction, even the restriction of absoluteness itself (for that itself is the very essence of restriction and delimitation). For it constitutes a specification and restriction of the Real, glory be to Him, by [attributing to Him] other than that from which He is declared incomparable

Bālī Zāde

﴿في الجناب الإلهي عين التحديد والتقييد﴾

والله منزه عن التحديد والتقيد فنزه أهل الحقيقة عن التنزيه فهم ليسوا بمنزهين فقط، بل هم منزهون في مقام التنزيه والمشبهون في مقام التشبيه . " ويقول محقق الكتاب : ليس المراد بالشبيه والتنزيه هنا ما أراده المتكلمون عندما تحدثوا في الصفات الإلهية ونفوها و أثبتوها وعلى أي نحو أثبتها المثبتون أو نفاها النافون. بل المراد بها معنى آخر لم يسبق ابن عربي إليه سابق، وهو المعنى الوحيد الذي يتمشى مع نظريته العامة وهي بمعنى "الإطلاق" أو "التقيد". فالله متزه بمعنى أنه إذا نظر إليه من ناحية ذاته فهو بتعالي عن كل وصف وكل حد وتقييد. وهو بهذا المعنى غني عن العالمين يحيط بكل شيء ولا يحيط به شيء ولا علم ساري في كل موجود غير متعين في موجود دون آخر. فلا يصدق عليه وصف إلا الإطلاق وفي الإطلاق غاية تنزيهة." فلا يمكن معرفة الحق من غير تحديد وتقييد (فالمنزه) فقط

God is transcendent above delimitation and restriction, so the people of reality declared Him incomparable even beyond tanzīh itself; they are not merely those who declare incomparability, rather they are those who declare incomparability (munazzihūn) in the station of tanzīh and those who declare similarity (mushabbihūn) in the station of tashbīh. The editor of the book says: What is meant here by tashbīh and tanzīh is not what the theologians (mutakallimūn) meant when they discussed the divine attributes, negating and affirming them, however the affirmers affirmed them or the negators negated them. Rather, what is meant is another meaning to which no one preceded Ibn ʿArabī, and it is the only meaning consistent with his general theory, namely the meaning of "absoluteness (iṭlāq)" or "restriction (taqyīd)." God is incomparable (munazzah) in the sense that when He is considered from the aspect of His Essence, He transcends every description, every limit, and every restriction. In this sense He is independent of the worlds, encompassing everything while nothing encompasses Him, with a knowledge pervading every existent, not determined in one existent to the exclusion of another. No description applies to Him except absoluteness, and in absoluteness lies the utmost tanzīh. Thus the Real cannot be known without delimitation and restriction—so (the one who declares incomparability) alone [is insufficient]

al-Qāshānī

﴿فالمنزه إما جاهل وإما صاحب سوء أدب﴾

إذا وقف عند التنزيه ولم يقل بالتشبيه ، وهو معنى

incomparable is either ignorant or guilty of bad manners (sūʾ adab)] — if he stops at tanzīh and does not affirm tashbīh as well. And this is the meaning of...

Ibn Turka

﴿فالمنزّه إمّا جاهل﴾

إذا حصّل ذلك بفكره ونظره

if he arrived at that through his own thought and speculative reasoning

Jāmī

﴿فالمنزه إما جاهل﴾

منشأ تنزيهه الجهل مما ورد في الشرائع من التنزيه والتشبيه والجمع بينهم (وإما) عالم به لكنه (صاحب سوء وأدب) ينفي ما يثبته بالحق سبحانه على ألسنة رسله . ويرد ما ورد دالا على التشبيه إلى التنزيه بضرب من التأويل الذي يستحسنه عقله العليل. فتنزيه الجاهل وصاحب سوء الأدب ليس على ما هو الأمر عليه

the source of whose tanzīh is ignorance of what has come in the revealed laws regarding tanzīh and tashbīh (declaring similarity) and the combination of the two, (or) he is (one who knows this but) is (a person of bad manners), who negates what the Real, glory be to Him, has affirmed of Himself on the tongues of His messengers, and reduces what has come indicating tashbīh to tanzīh by some kind of interpretation that his sickly reason deems fitting. Thus the tanzīh of the ignorant one and the person of bad manners is not [a declaration] according to how the matter actually is

Bālī Zāde

﴿إما جاهل﴾

أي غير قائل بالشرائع كالفلاسفة ومقلديهم الذين ينزهون الحق بمقتضى عقولهم عن الصفات التي أخبر الحق عن اتصاف نفسه بها فهم ضلوا وأضلوا

i.e., not an adherent of the revealed Laws, like the philosophers and their followers who declare the Real incomparable, by the dictates of their intellects, above the attributes with which the Real informed us that He described Himself—so they went astray and led others astray

Ibn Turka

﴿وإمّا صاحب سوء أدب﴾

إذا قلَّد فيه الرسل وأهل الحقّ . ولا يتوهّم من هذا الكلام أنّ المنزّه مطلقا يكون جاهلا وصاحب سوء أدب - فإنّ الموحّد أيضا لا بدّ له من التنزيه كما سيجيء تحقيقه - ( ولكنّ ) إنّما ينسب إليه ذلك

if he imitated in this the Messengers and the people of truth (ahl al-ḥaqq). One should not imagine from this statement that whoever declares incomparability absolutely is thereby ignorant and lacking in manners — for the one who affirms unity (al-muwaḥḥid) must likewise engage in tanzīh, as will be established — rather, that description is only attributed to him

Bālī Zāde

﴿وإما صاحب سوء أدب﴾

أي قائل بالشرائع

i.e., one who does hold to the revealed Laws

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولكن إذا أطلقاه وقالا به﴾

أي لم يتجاوزا إلى التشبيه والجمع بينهما ، لأنه إن لم يتبع الشرائع ونزهه تنزيها يقابل التقييد ، بأن جعله منزها عن كل قيد مجردا فهو جاهل ، وإن كان متبعا للشرائع . كما قال

i.e., they do not go beyond it to tashbīh and to combining the two. For if [a person] does not follow the revealed laws (sharāʾiʿ) and declares Him incomparable with a tanzīh opposed to restriction—making Him incomparable with, i.e., stripped of, every restriction—then he is ignorant, [even] if he is a follower of the revealed laws. As he [the author] said...

Ibn Turka

﴿إذا أطلقاه … وقالا به﴾

أي ذهبا إليه ، على ما هو مذهب الفريقين . واعلم أنّ هذا الترديد بمعنى منع الخلوّ ، أي لا يخلو أمر المنزّه عنهما ، وقد يستجمعها ، فإنّ المتيقّن بنظره ممن لم يقل بالشرائع ، إذا فكَّر وأدّاه إلى التنزيه ، ووقف عنده ولم ير غير ذلك فقد جهل الحقّ ، والمقلَّد القائل بالشرائع إذا نزّه بتقليده الرسل وأهل الحق فقد أساء الأدب بنسبته إلى الرسل ، ( والقائل بالشرائع ، المؤمن ) أي المتيقّن بفكره

i.e., they go along with it, according to what is the position of both groups. Know that this disjunction is a disjunction that precludes any third possibility — that is, the situation of the one who declares incomparability does not fall outside these two, though he may sometimes combine them both. For the one who is certain by his own reflection, among those who did not adhere to the revealed Laws, if he reflected and it led him to tanzīh, and he stopped there and saw nothing beyond it, has been ignorant of the Real; while the one who merely imitates and adheres to the revealed Laws, if he declares incomparability by imitating the Messengers and the people of truth, has been ill-mannered in his attribution to the Messengers — and the one who adheres to the revealed Laws, the believer — that is, the one certain by his own reflection —

Jāmī

﴿ولكن إذا أطلقاه﴾

أي قائلا : التنزيه مطلقا غير مقيد ببعض المراتب

that is, saying: tanzīh absolutely, unrestricted by any particular level

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولكن إذا أطلقاه﴾

أي التنزيه على الله تعالى

i.e., apply tanzīh to God, Exalted

Words 23–24 · 2 of 6

وَقَالا بِهِ

Jāmī

﴿وقالا به﴾

كذلك مطلق أو مقيدا ببعض المراتب الإلهية و اثبتنا التشبيه في المراتب الكونية فتنزيه كلاهما "المطلق و المقيد" واقع على ما هو. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

absolutely or restricted to some divine levels, while we affirm tashbīh in the created levels — then the tanzīh of both, the absolute and the restricted, corresponds to what actually is. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿وقالا به﴾

أي اعتقد بأن الله منزه عن الصفات الوجودية كالحياة والعلم والسمع والبصر وغير ذلك . فغير القائل بالشرائع فهر الجاهل أي الكافر لا كلام فيه لظهور بطلانه لذلك ترلي هذا القسم (فالقائل) أي المعتقد

i.e., believe that God is incomparable, transcendent above the existential attributes such as life, knowledge, hearing, sight, and so forth. As for the one who does not hold to the revealed Laws, he is the ignorant one, i.e., the unbeliever, concerning whom there is no discussion, since his falsity is manifest; hence this category is set aside. (As for the one who holds) i.e., who believes

Jāmī

﴿فالقائل بالشرائع﴾

العالم به (المؤمن) بما جاء به النبي

and knows them (the believer) in what the Prophet brought

Bālī Zāde

﴿بالشرائع المؤمن﴾

عطف بيان للقائل بالشرائع

in explanatory apposition to "the one who holds to the revealed Laws"

Ibn Turka

﴿إذا نزّه ووقف عند التنزيه ولم ير غير ذلك ، فقد أساء الأدب وأكذب الحقّ والرسل صلوات الله عليهم وهو لا يشعر ، ويتخيّل أنّه في الحاصل﴾

مما أوتي به الرسل

of what the Messengers brought

Jāmī

﴿إذا نزه … ووقف عند التنزيه ولم ير غير ذلك﴾

من مراتب السفيه وربما ورد دالا على التشبيه إلى التنزيه بضرب من التأويل والتمويه

among the levels of the foolish one, and it may be that what indicates tashbīh has come, [yet he] reduces it to tanzīh by some kind of interpretation and deceptive misrepresentation

Bālī Zāde

﴿إذا نزه ووقف عند التنزيه ولم ير غير ذلك﴾

أي ولم يشبه في مقام التشبيه

i.e., and does not also declare similarity (tashbīh) in the station of tashbīh

Jāmī

﴿فقد أساء الأدب وأكذب الحق … والرسل صلوات الله عليهم وهو لا يشعر﴾

بتلك الإساءة وهذا التكذيب. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

of that breach of conduct and that giving-the-lie. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿فقد أساء الأدب وأكذب الحق والرسل وهو لا يشعر ويتخيل أنه في الحاصل وهو في الغائب وهو كمن آمن ببعض﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الشرائع

while in fact it remains absent from him, and he is like one who believes in part] of the revealed Laws

Jāmī

﴿ويتخيل أنه في الحاصل وهو في الفائت وهو كمن آمن ببعض﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وهو مقام التنزيه

and this is the station of tanzīh

Words 53–55 · 1 of 6

وَهُوَ فِي الفَائِتِ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿وهو في الفائت﴾

من ذلك

of that

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.