Mashrabaمشربة

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One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ سُبُّوحِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ نُوحِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶18 in the text

18 · 86 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا۟ لَهُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَنصَارًا فَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَيْنَ أَنْصَارِهِمْ فَهَلَكُوا فِيهِ إِلَى الأَبَدِ فَلَوْ أَخْرَجَهُمْ إِلَى السَّيْفِ سَيْفِ الطَّبِيعَةِ لَنَزَلَ بِهِمْ عَنْ هَذِهِ الدَّرَجَةِ الرَّفِيعَةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ الكُلُّ لِلَّهِ وَبِاللَّهِ بَلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ قَالَ نُوحٌ رَّبِّ مَا قَالَ إِلٰهِيِّ فَإِنَّ الرَّبَّ لَهُ الثُّبُوتُ والإله يَتَنَوَّعُ بِالْأَسْمَاءِ فَهُوَ كُلُّ يَوْمٍ فِي شَأْنٍ فَأَرَادَ بِالرَّبِّ ثُبُوتَ التَّلْوِينِ إِذْ لَا يَصِحُّ إِلَّا هُوَ لَا تَذَرْ عَلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ يَدْعُو عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَصِيرُوا فِي بَطْنِهَا المُحَمَّدِيُّ لَوْ دُلِّيْتُمْ بِحَبْلٍ لَهَبَطَ عَلَى اللَّهِ لَّهُۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ

"And they found no helpers for themselves apart from God" [Q 71:25]. So God was the very self (ʿayn) of their helpers, and they perished in Him forever. Had He brought them out to the sword, the sword of nature, it would have brought them down from this lofty degree, even though all is God's and through God; indeed, it is God. "Noah said: My Lord" [Q 71:21]. He did not say "My God," for the Lord has fixity, whereas the God diversifies through the Names, so "every day He is upon some task" [Q 55:29]. So by "Lord" he meant the fixity of coloration (talwīn), since nothing but that is sound. "Leave not upon the earth" [Q 71:26]: he calls down [a curse] upon them, that they come to be in its belly. The Muhammadan [says]: "Were you to be let down by a rope, it would descend upon God." "To Him belongs what is in the heavens and what is in the earth" [Q 2:255].

al-Qāshānī

﴿" فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا لَهُمْ من دُونِ الله أَنْصاراً "﴾

لأن الله إذا تجلى بذاته لهم أحرقهم وكل ما في الكون فلم يبق أحد ينصرهم ، لكن الله أحياهم به . كما قال : ومن أحيانى فأنا قتلته ، ومن قتلته فعلىّ ديته ، ومن علىّ ديته فأنا ديته ولهذا قال

because when God discloses Himself by His Essence to them, He burns them up, and everything in existence, so that no one remains to help them; yet God gave them life through it. As it is said: "whoever gives me life, I have slain him; and whoever I have slain, upon me is his blood-price; and whoever's blood-price is upon me, I am his blood-price." For this he said

al-Qayṣarī

﴿"فلم يجدوا لهم من دون الله أنصارا"، فكان الله عين أنصارهم، فهلكوا فيه إلى الأبد.﴾

أي، حين ادخلوا في نار القهر والإفناء بتجلي القهار لهم، لم يجدوا لهم ناصرا ينصرهم غير الله. وفي هذا المعنى الجمعي شاهدوا أن أنصارهم في جميع المقامات، الذين نصروهم في سلوكهم من المكملين وأخرجوهم من المضائق، وكانوا مظاهر الله، فكان الله عين أنصارهم دنيا وآخرة، فهلكوا في الحق وفنوا في ذاته أبدا وحيوا بحياته سرمدا، وتبدلت بشريتهم بالحقيقة، كما قال: (كنت سمعه وبصره). فينادون بلسان حالهم: تسترت عن دهري بظل جناحه %~% فعيني دهري وليس يراني فلو تسأل الأيام ما اسمى ما درت %~% وأين مكاني، ما درين مكاني

That is, when they were made to enter the fire of overwhelming power and annihilation through the self-disclosure of the Overwhelming (al-Qahhār) upon them, they found no helper to aid them besides God. And in this comprehensive meaning they witnessed that their helpers in all the stations—those among the perfected ones who aided them in their spiritual journey and delivered them from straits, and who were loci of manifestation of God—were such that God was the very essence of their helpers, in this world and the next; so they perished in the Real and were annihilated in His Essence forever, and lived by His life eternally, and their human nature (bashariyya) was transmuted into the [Divine] Reality, as He said: "I was his hearing and his sight." So they call out with the tongue of their state: I have concealed myself from my age in the shade of His wing, So my eye is my age, yet it does not see me; Were the days to be asked my name, they would not know it, Nor where my place is—they know not my place.

﴿فلم يجدوا لهم من دون الله أنصارا﴾

و "الخطيئة"، الذنب. وفي قوله

And "al-khaṭīʾa" [means] sin. And in his saying:

al-Tilimsānī

﴿فلم يجدوا لهم من دون الله أنصارا﴾

(نوح: 25) وحمله على أنهم وجدوا الله ناصرا لهم لا سواه تعالى، فكأنه قال إنه نصرهم الله تعالى وهو مخالف لما قاله أئمة التفسير، إذا هو سالك فيما ذكره مسالك أهل الطريق. ولذلك رأى أن نصره تعالى لهم هو أنهم هلكوا فيه إلى الأبد ومعنى هلاكهم إلى الأبد. أنهم راوه وحده ليس معه غيره أزلا وأبدا، فشهدوا أن ما معه غيره وهم محو فيه وهذا المحو يعرفه أهله. قال: فلو نزل بهم لحجبهم بطبائع أجسامهم فكانوا بذلك نازلين في سيف هذا البحر وسيف البحر هو الساحل. ثم أنه أورد على نفسه تقدیر سؤال كأن قائلا قال له: فهذا السيف الذي هو الساحل إذا أنزلهم الحق تعالى إليه هل يخرجون بذلك عنه؟ فقال في الجواب: لا بل هو الله . واضرب بقوله: «بل» عن قوله الله وبالله فإن ذلك يقال في مراتب محو به وهو هنا سمح بذكر الحقيقة على ما هي عليه. ثم أخذ يذكر قول نوح، عليه السلام: «رب» ، قال: وخص الرب لأنه مضائف للمربوب، وأما الإله المشتق من الوله فما فيه تقييد، فأما لو اشتقه من الإلهة التي هي العبادة لكان بمعنى الرب واشتقاق الآلهة في قوله تعالى في بعض الروايات: ويذرك وآلهتك في موضوع قوله: "ويذرك وآلهتك " (الأعراف: 127) فالاشتقاق من الوله يقتضي التنوع الذي به تحصل الحيرة وهي الوله ثم شرع في تقرير قوله

(Nūḥ: 25). He interpreted this to mean that they found God as a helper for them, and none besides Him, exalted is He — as though he said: God, exalted is He, helped them. This is contrary to what the imams of exegesis (tafsīr) have said, since he, in what he mentioned, follows the paths of the folk of the [Sufi] Path. Accordingly, he held that His, exalted is He, helping them consisted in their being annihilated (halāk) in Him forever, and the meaning of their being annihilated forever is that they saw Him alone, with none other than Him accompanying Him, eternally and everlastingly (azalan wa-abadan). Thus they witnessed that nothing else was with Him, while they themselves were effaced (maḥw) in Him — and this effacement is known [only] to its folk. He said: Had He brought them down [into another state], their bodily natures would have veiled them, and by that they would have descended upon the edge (sayf) of this sea — and the edge of the sea is the shore. Then he raised against himself a supposed question, as though someone said to him: This edge which is the shore — if the Real, exalted is He, brought them down to it, would they thereby go out from it? He answered: No, rather it is God. His saying "rather" (bal) turns away from his saying "God" and "by God," for that expression is used at the ranks of effacement through Him, whereas here he was forthcoming in stating the reality as it is. Then he took up the saying of Noah, peace be upon him: "Lord" (Rabb), saying that he specified "Rabb" because it is correlative to that which is lorded-over (marbūb), whereas "ilāh," derived from al-walah [bewildered passion], carries no such restriction. But had it been derived from al-ilāha, which is worship, it would bear the meaning of Rabb. And the derivation of "āliha" in His saying, exalted is He, according to some transmissions — "and leave you and your gods (āliha)" — in place of His saying "and leave you and your āliha" (al-Aʿrāf: 127) — the derivation from al-walah entails the diversification (tanawwuʿ) by which bewilderment (ḥayra) comes about, and that is al-walah. Then he proceeded to establish the meaning of His saying:

Ibn Turka

﴿" فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا لَهُمْ من دُونِ الله أَنْصاراً "﴾

لفناء الكلّ في ذلك البحر

on account of the annihilation of the whole in that sea

Jāmī

﴿"فلم يجدوا"﴾

أي لما أدخلوا قوم نوح نارا في عين الماء لم يجدو ("لهم ") ، أي لأنفسهم

i.e., when the people of Noah were made to enter fire in the very substance of water, they did not find ("for themselves") i.e., for their own selves

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلم يجدوا﴾

هذا القوم في وقت إدخالهم النار في عين الماء (لهم) أي لأنفسهم

— this people, at the moment of their being made to enter the fire into the very water — (for themselves)

Jāmī

﴿"من دون الله أنصارا"﴾

[نوح: 25]. بل وجدوا الله سبحانه متجلية بصور أنصارهم

[Nūḥ: 25]. Rather, they found God, glory be to Him, disclosing Himself in the forms of their helpers

Bālī Zāde

﴿من دون الله أنصارا فكان الله﴾

تعالى في ذلك الوقت

Most High, at that time,

al-Qāshānī

﴿فكان الله عين أنصارهم فهلكوا فيه إلى الأبد﴾

لأن هلاكهم فيه عين حياتهم وبقائهم به ، فهو المهلك المبقى وهو الناصر المحيي

because their perishing in Him is the very essence of their life and their subsistence through Him; so He is the Annihilator who preserves, and He is the Helper who gives life

al-Jandī

﴿وكان الله عين أنصارهم ، فهلكوا فيه إلى الأبد ، فلو أخرجهم إلى السيف ، سيف الطبيعة لنزل بهم عن هذه الدرجة الرفيعة ، وإن كان الكل لله وبالله بل هو الله﴾

يعني رضي الله عنه : إذا قطعت النظر إلى الحق ، فلا يبقى للعابد فيما عبد من ناصر ينصره ، وإذا تحوّل الحقّ في صور اعتقاد المعتقدين العابدين فيما عبدوا واعتقدوا ، فحينئذ يكون الله قد نصرهم ، بما تجلَّى لهم ونظرهم ، وإلَّا فهم في تبار وخسار . وإن كان عرفان في نفس إنكار ، وإقبال في عين إدبار ، لكون مصير الكلّ إلى الله الواحد القهّار ، ويؤول كالآل مآله إليه عند إمكان الاعتبار ، ومشرب التحقيق يقتضي أن تصير الأمور عين المصير ويؤوّل تأويله عند التحقّق أنّه هو " حَتَّى إِذا جاءَه ُ لَمْ يَجِدْه ُ شَيْئاً وَوَجَدَ الله عِنْدَه ُ " . وهذا شهود فغرق في بحار الحيرة ، الأخيرة للخيرة ، فلو أخرجهم الله عن هذا البحر الزخّار والتيّار الدوّار ، ورماهم إلى ساحل طبيعة التقيّد والتعيّن ، لنزل بهم إلى الفرق الحجابي عن الجمع الكتابي وإن كان كلّ تعيّن عين المتعيّن به وقائما وظاهرا ، بل هو هو ، ولكن تعيّن المطلق في المقيّد ظهور مقيّد وحدّ محدّد ، فافهم . قال رضي الله عنه : « قال : « ربّ » ما قال : إلهي ، فإنّ الربّ ، له الثبوت ، والإله يتنوّع بالأسماء ، فهو كلّ يوم في شأن . فأراد بالربّ ثبوت التلوين ، إذ لا يصلح إلَّا هو

He means, may God be pleased with him: if you cut off the gaze toward the Real, then there remains for the worshiper, in what he worships, no helper to aid him; but when the Real transforms Himself into the forms of belief of the believing worshipers, in what they worship and believe, then God has indeed helped them, through what He disclosed to them and through their vision. Otherwise, they are in ruin and loss. And though it be [a case of] recognition within very denial, and advancing within very turning-away—since the destiny of all is to God, the One, the Overpowering—and it returns, like the mirage returning to its origin, whenever consideration becomes possible; and the drinking-place of verification (taḥqīq) requires that matters become the very destiny, and its interpretation, upon verification, resolves to the fact that He is it—"'until, when he comes to it, he finds it to be nothing, and finds God there.'" This is a [mode of] witnessing, so he drowns in the seas of bewilderment, the last [sea] reserved for the good [ones]. For had God brought them forth from this overflowing sea and swirling current, and cast them upon the shore of the nature of restriction and determination, He would have brought them down to the veiling differentiation (farq), away from the scriptural gathering (jamʿ)—even though every determination is the very essence of that which is determined by it, subsisting and manifest through it (indeed, it is it), yet the determination of the Absolute within the restricted is a restricted manifestation and a delimited limit. So understand. He said, may God be pleased with him: "He said 'my Lord (Rabb),' not 'my God (ilāhī),' for the Rabb possesses fixity (thubūt), while the deity (ilāh) diversifies through the [divine] Names—'every day He is upon some task.' So by 'Rabb' he intended the fixity of [that which undergoes] transformation (talwīn), since none is fit for it but He.

al-Tilimsānī

﴿(نوح: 20 ) فكان الله عين أنصارهم فهلكوا فيه إلى الأبد. فلو أخرجهم إلى السيف، سیف الطبيعة لنزل بهم عن هذه الدرجة الرفيعة، وإن كان الكل لله وبالله بل هو الله. … ما قال إلهي، فإن الرب له الثبوت والإله يتنوع بالأسماء فهو كل يوم في شأن. فأراد بالرب ثبوت التلوين إذ لا يصح إلا هو.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لا تذر على الأرض

Names, for He is every day upon some task (kulla yawmin huwa fī shaʾn). So he intended by "Lord" the fixity underlying transformation (taḥawwul), since only it is valid.] leave not upon the earth

Ibn Turka

﴿وكان الله عين أنصارهم ، فهلكوا فيه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من نفوسهم وأحكامها الامتيازيّة. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

with respect to their selves and the judgments of their individuating distinctions. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿بل كان الله عين أنصارهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وإن كانوا يتخيلونه قبل ذلك غيرهم (فهلكوا) ، أي فنو (فيه) ، أي في الله سبحانه

even though they had imagined Him before that to be other than themselves. (so they perished) i.e., became annihilated (in Him) i.e., in God, glory be to Him

Words 10–11 · 1 of 7

عَيْنَ أَنْصَارِهِمْ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿عين أنصارهم﴾

لأنهم لم يروا في ذلك المقام إلا آثار الألوهية لأنهم يشاهدون الحق في جميع المظاهر فلم يروا غير الله شيئا وهذا هو معنى العينية فإذا كان الله عين أنصارهم

because they saw nothing at that station but the traces of divinity, for they witness the Real in all the loci of manifestation, and they saw nothing other than God — and this is the meaning of identity (ʿayniyya). So since God was the very identity of their helpers

Words 12–13 · 1 of 7

فَهَلَكُوا فِيهِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿فهلكوا فيه﴾

أي في الله تعالى

i.e., within God Most High

Ibn Turka

﴿إلى الأبد ، فلو أخرجهم إلى السيف "سيف الطبيعة " لنزل بهم عن هذه الدرجة الرفيعة ، وإن كان الكلّ لله وباللَّه ، بل هو الله﴾

أي وإن كان الساحل وجميع ما ينسب للبحر هو له وبه يوجد ، إذ بدونه لا يقال له ذلك ، بل الكل في نظر الشهود الجمعي هو البحر ،إذ ليس لذلك البحر ساحل. لا ترم في شمسه ظلّ السوي %~% فهي شمس وهي ظل وهي فيء وملخّص ما في هذه العبارة من الإشارة أن في عين الطبيعة ثلاث اعتبارات : أنزلها كونها أثرا للذات وفعلا لها ، وهو المشار إليه بالطبيعة . وبعده كونها صفة قائمة بها ، غير متحقّقه بدونها ، وهو المشار إليه بالسيف . وأعلاها كونها عينها ، كما هو في نظر الأعلى العالم الذي هو الكامل في الإخلاص فعلم أنّ مشهود الأعلى ليس أمرا خارجا عن الطبيعة ، بل هو عينها ، لكن فيها مواطن بعضها أعلى ، وبعضها أنزل . تأويل دعاء نوح على قومه ومن جملة تلك الحكم ما

that is, even though the shore and everything ascribed to the sea belong to it and exist by it, since without it that could not be said of it — yet the whole, in the view of all-comprehensive witnessing, is the sea, for that sea has no shore. Cast not into its sun the shadow of the leveled one, for it is [at once] sun, and shadow, and shade. The summary of what is indicated in this expression is that within the very essence of nature (al-ṭabīʿa) there are three considerations: the lowest of them is its being a trace of the Essence and an act thereof, which is what is indicated by "nature." After that is its being an attribute subsisting in It, not realized without It, which is what is indicated by "the sword." And the highest of them is its being identical with It, as is the case in the view of the Highest World, who is perfect in sincerity (ikhlāṣ). Thus it is known that what is witnessed by the Highest One is not something external to nature, but is identical with it; yet within it there are stations, some higher and some lower. [The interpretation of Noah's supplication against his people] Among these wisdoms is what

Jāmī

﴿إلى الأبد﴾

لا يردون لأنفسهم وطبائعهم قطع

they will not be returned to themselves and their natures ever

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلى الأبد﴾

فلم يخرجهم من هذا المقام إلى عالم بشریتهم

so He did not bring them out of this station to the world of their [ordinary] humanity

al-Qāshānī

﴿فلو أخرجهم إلى السيف سيف الطبيعة ، لنزل بهم عن هذه الدرجة الرفيعة﴾

أي لو أنجاهم من الغرق في هذا البحر إلى ساحل الطبيعة ، وتركهم مع تعيناتهم ، لانحطوا عن هذه المرتبة إلى عالم الطبيعة ، واحتجبوا بتعيناتهم عنه

that is, had He rescued them from drowning in this sea to the shore of nature, and left them with their determinations, they would have fallen from this rank to the world of nature, and would have been veiled from Him by their determinations

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فلو أخرجهم إلى السيف، سيف الطبيعة، لنزل بهم عن هذه الدرجة الرفيعة﴾

أي، لو أخرجهم الحق من الجناب الإلهي والحضرة القدسية إلى عالم بشريتهم، مرة أخرى، لنزل بهم عن هذه الدرجة الرفيعة إلى ساحل بحر الطبيعة. إذ (السيف)، بكسر السين وسكون الياء، هو الساحل. وهذا حال المهيمين في جمال الله، ليس لهم الرجوع إلى الخلق ثانيا، كما لغيرهم منالكمل المكملين. وإنما قال

That is, if the Real had brought them out from the Divine Precinct and the Holy Presence to the world of their humanity once again, He would have brought them down from this exalted degree to the shore of the sea of nature. For (sayf), with kasra on the sīn and sukūn on the yāʾ, means "shore." This is the state of those bewildered (muhayyamīn) in the beauty of God, who have no return to creation a second time, unlike others among the perfect ones who are made perfecters (al-kamal al-mukammilīn). He said only

Jāmī

﴿فلو أخرجهم﴾

الله سبحانه من لجة الهلاك والفناء فيه على سبيل الفرض والتقدير

God, glory be to Him, from the depths of perishing and annihilation in Him, by way of supposition and hypothesis

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلو أخرجهم إلى السيف … سيف الطبيعة﴾

أي إلى ساحل طبيعتهم

i.e., to the shore of their natural constitution

al-Qayṣarī

﴿إلى السيف، سيف الطبيعة﴾

ولم يقل: إلى الطبيعة. لأن الكمل الراجعين من الحق إلى الخلق وإن نزلوا إلى الطبيعة ثانيا، لكنهم لهم يظهروا بها وبآثارها كظهورهم قبل سلوكهم، بل يظهرون بالحقفيها، فكأنهم بقوا بمعزل عن الطبيعة وأفعالها، بل واقفين في ساحلها بأمر ربها

and did not say: to nature itself. Because the perfect ones who return from the Real to creation, even though they descend to nature a second time, do not manifest through it and its effects as they manifested before their spiritual journey (sulūk); rather, they manifest through the Real within it. So it is as though they remained set apart from nature and its acts, standing instead upon its shore by the command of its Lord

Jāmī

﴿إلى السيف سيف الطبيعة﴾

أي الطبيعة البشرية التي هي كالساحل لهذه اللجة فإن السيف بكسر السين وسكون الياء هو الساحل

i.e., human nature, which is like the shore of this deep sea, for sayf, with kasra on the sīn and sukūn on the yāʾ, means "shore"

Jāmī

﴿لنزل بهم عن هذه الدرجة الرفيعة﴾

التي هي الاستغراق في لجة الغناء في الله إلى المرتبة النازلة التي هي الخروج إلى ساحل الطبيعة، وإنما قلنا على سبيل الفرض والتقدير، لأن عادة الله سبحانه ليست جارية على أن ينزل المستغرق في لجة الفناء وبحر الجمع إلى ساحل الطبيعة والتفرقة. وذلك مرادهم بما قالوا: الفاني لا يرد . فإن قيل : لعله رضي الله عنه أراد به الإخراج إلى ظاهر الطبيعة لا إلى حقيقتها و ذلك ممكن بل واقع. قلنا : لا يصح حينئذ قوله : لنزل بهم الخ. لأن الخروج إلى صورة الطبيعة والتفرقة مقام جمع الجمع والفناء في الله لا خروج إلى صورة الطبيعة. فمقام الجمع الأول أرفع من الثاني. اللهم إلا أن يقال : هذا بناء على أن صاحب الجمع أشرف حالا وإن كان صاحب جمع الجمع أعلا فضيلة وكمالا . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

which is complete immersion in the depths of annihilation in God, to the lower rank which is emergence to the shore of Nature. We said "by way of supposition and hypothesis" because it is not God's customary way, glory be to Him, to bring one immersed in the depths of annihilation and the sea of gathering (jamʿ) down to the shore of Nature and separation (tafriqa). This is what is meant by their saying: "the one annihilated does not return." If it be said: perhaps he, may God be pleased with him, meant by this the bringing forth to the outward form of Nature, not to its reality, and this is possible, indeed it occurs - we say: in that case his statement "He would have brought them down" etc. would not be valid, because emergence to the form of Nature and separation is [itself] the station of "the gathering of gathering" (jamʿ al-jamʿ) and annihilation in God, not an emergence to the form of Nature [as ordinarily understood]. So the first station of gathering is loftier than the second - unless it be said: this is built upon [the view] that the possessor of gathering (jamʿ) is more excellent in state, even though the possessor of "the gathering of gathering" is higher in virtue and perfection. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿لنزل بهم عن هذه الدرجة الرفيعة﴾

لنية محبوبهم بظهور الطبائع

because of the appearance of the natures at the wish (or: by the specific character) of their Beloved

al-Qāshānī

﴿وإن كان الكل لله وباللَّه بل هو الله﴾

أي وإن كان أهل الطبيعة بائنين لله وباللَّه قانتين ، بل كل ما في الوجود هو الله ، ولكن بحسب الأسماء تتفاضل الدرجات وتتفاوت ، وبين الخافض والرافع والديان والرحمن بون بعيده . قال رضي الله عنه

that is, even though the people of nature are, in a sense, distinct-yet-belonging to God and are by God, obedient to Him—indeed everything in existence is God—nevertheless, according to the [divine] Names, the degrees vary and differ; and between the Lowering (al-Khāfiḍ) and the Raising (al-Rāfiʿ), the Requiter (al-Dayyān) and the All-Merciful (al-Raḥmān), there is a vast gulf. He, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وإن كان الكل لله وبالله بل هو الله﴾

أي، وإن كان الكل عبدا لله وقائم الله، سواء كان طبيعة أو أهلها. بل الكل، من حيث هو كل، مظهر للإسم الجامع الذي هو الله، لكن تتفاوت درجات المقامات ومراتب أهلها كما تتفاوت درجات الأسماء الإلهية في الحيطة وغيرها. وإنما قلت: من حيث هو كل. لأن الذات مع جميع الصفات إنما تظهر في الكل، لا في كل واحد، وإن كانت الذات مع كل واحد من المظاهر. والقطب الحقيقي لكونه مظهرا للإسم الأعظم الإلهي، مظهر للذات مع جميع الصفات، وغيره ليس كذلك. واعلم، أن الكمل بعد وصولهم إلى الحق بفناء ذواتهم، يبقون ببقاء الحق و يحصل لهم الوجود الحقاني، ثم في رجوعهم من الله إلى الخلق يشاهدون الحق فيكل مرتبة بالحق، لا بأنفسهم، إلى أن يكمل سيرهم في أمهات المظاهر الإلهية ويعلمون أسرار الوجود في كل مرتبة من مراتب عالم الغيب والشهادة بأسرها، فينزل الحق كلا منهم في مرتبة من مراتب الكمل: فمنهم من يجعله غوثا وقطبا، ومنهم من يتحقق بمقام الإمامين الذين هما في يمين القطب ويساره كالوزيرين للسلطان، ومنهم من يبقى من الأبدال السبعة وهم الأقطاب المدبرون للأقاليم السبعة، وغير ذلك من مراتب الأولياء. ومن لم يرجع من تلك الحضرة الرفيعة، يلحق بالملائكة المهيمة

That is, even though the whole is a servant of God and subsists through God, whether it be nature or its inhabitants. Rather, the whole, insofar as it is a whole, is a locus of manifestation (mazhar) for the All-Comprehensive Name, which is Allah—though the degrees of stations and the ranks of their possessors vary, just as the degrees of the Divine Names vary in comprehensiveness and otherwise. I said "insofar as it is a whole" because the Essence together with all the attributes manifests only in the whole, not in each single thing individually, even though the Essence is present with each individual locus of manifestation. The true Pole (al-quṭb al-ḥaqīqī), being a locus of manifestation for the Supreme Divine Name, is a locus of manifestation for the Essence together with all the attributes, whereas others are not so. Know that the perfect ones, after their arrival at the Real through the annihilation (fanāʾ) of their essences, subsist through the subsistence of the Real, and there occurs for them the Real Existence (al-wujūd al-ḥaqqānī). Then, in their return from God to creation, they witness the Real in every rank through the Real, not through themselves, until their journeying is completed in the mother-loci of Divine manifestation, and they come to know the mysteries of existence in every rank of the world of the unseen and the visible in their entirety. Then the Real brings each of them down into one of the ranks of the perfect ones: some He makes the Ghawth and Pole (quṭb); some are realized in the station of the two Imams who are on the right and left of the Pole, like the two viziers of the sultan; some remain among the seven Substitutes (abdāl), who are the Poles governing the seven climes; and other than that, among the ranks of the saints (awliyāʾ). And whoever does not return from that exalted Presence joins the bewildered angels (al-malāʾika al-muhayyama)

Jāmī

﴿وإن كان الكل لله و بالله بل هو الله. «قال نوح رب» ما قال إلهي، فإن الرب له الثبوت والإله يتنوع بالأسماء فهو كل يوم في شأن. فأراد بالرب ثبوت التلوين إذ لا يصح إلا هو. «لا تذر على الأرض» يدعو عليهم أن يصيروا في بطنها. … وإن كان الكل﴾

أي كل من الطبيعة و غيرها من المراتب الكونية ملكه (لله تعالی) مخلوقا له ليكون مجلى لجماله ومظهرا لشؤونه وأحواله (و) متحقق (بالله) قائمة به، لأنه هو الوجود الحق القيوم المطلق

i.e., every one of Nature and the other cosmic levels, its dominion (belongs to God, Most High), being created by Him so as to be a locus of theophany (majlā) for His beauty and a manifestation of His affairs and states, (and) realized (through God), subsisting by Him, for He is the True, Self-Subsisting Existence, absolutely

Bālī Zāde

﴿وان كان الكل﴾

أي وإن كان كل واحد من العالم مختصة (لله) . (و) قائمة (بالله بل) كل واحد منهم في نظر هذا الشخص

i.e., even though each and every one of [the beings of] the world is specifically attributed (to God) — and (subsisting) by God — rather, each one of them, in the view of this person,

Words 33–35 · 2 of 7

بَلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ

Jāmī

﴿بل هو الله﴾

لسريانه بأحدية جمعه الإلهي في كل شيء لكنه تتفاضل مراتبه بتفاضل أسماءه وصفاته وتفاوت تقلباته في الصورة وتجلياته فمرتبته من حيث أحدية جمعه الأحدي أرفع من مرتبته باعتبار ظهوره في مرتبة الطبيعة، فمن أخرج من بحر شهود أحذية جمعة إلى ساحل الطبيعة يكون نازلا عن درجة أرفع إلى درجة أخفض وأوضح. ثم أشار رضي الله عنه إلى قوله تعالى

because of His pervasion, by the oneness of His comprehensive divine unity (aḥadiyyat jamʿih), in every thing - yet his ranks vary according to the variance of His Names and Attributes and the diversity of His transformations in form and self-disclosures. So his rank, in respect of the oneness of his comprehensive unity, is loftier than his rank considered in terms of his manifestation at the level of Nature. Thus whoever is brought forth from the sea of the witnessing of the oneness of his comprehensive unity to the shore of Nature descends from a loftier degree to a lower and more manifest one. Then he, may God be pleased with him, alluded to His saying, Most High

Bālī Zāde

﴿هو الله﴾

لغيبة شيئية الأشياء بظهور نور الحق كخفاء النجوم بطلوع الشمس فلا أثر ولا نور ولا وجود للنجوم عند من نظر إلى الشمس لا في الواقع أو بحذف المضاف . أي هو مظهر الله

because of the absence of the entified-ness (shayʾiyya) of things through the appearance of the light of the Real, just as the stars vanish upon the rising of the sun — so there is no trace, no light, and no existence for the stars in the view of one who looks at the sun, not [that this is the case] in actual fact; or [this is understood] by suppression of the implied noun [muḍāf], i.e., it is a locus of manifestation (maẓhar) of God.

al-Qāshānī

﴿قال نوح رب﴾

المراد بالرب الذات مع الصفة التي يقتضي بها حاجته ويسد خلته ، فهو اسم خاص من أسمائه بالأمر الذي دعاه إليه وقت النداء ولذلك خص بالإضافة

what is meant by "Lord" (Rabb) is the Essence together with the attribute by which He meets his need and fills his want; so it is a specific name among His names, corresponding to the matter for which he called upon Him at the time of the invocation, and for that reason it was specified by the construct (iḍāfa)

al-Qayṣarī

﴿قال نوح: رب. ما قال: إلهي. فإن الرب له الثبوت، والإله يتنوع بالأسماء فهو كل يوم في شأن. فأراد بالرب ثبوت التلوين إذ لا يصح إلا هو﴾

أي، خص اسم (الرب) في دعائه مضافا إلى نفسه، لأن الرب، في أي اسم كان وصفة، لا يقتضى إلا المربوب، فهو ثابت في ربوبيته للعباد، ليقضي حوائجهم ويكفي مهماتهم. وأم (الإله) فغير مقيد بصفة معينة واسم مخصوص، لأنه مشتمل على جميع الصفات والأسماء، فإذا دعاه الداعي بقوله: يا إله، أو: يا الله، لم يدعه إلامن حيث اسم مخصوص مناسب لما يدعو. فإن المريض، مثلا، إذا التجى إلى هذا الاسم، فإنما يلتجي إليه من كونه شافيا و واهبا للعافية. والغريق إذا قال: يا الله، فإنما يلتجي إلى هذا الاسم من كونه مغيثا و منقذا، ونحو ذلك. فيتنوع في الأسماء بحسب ظهوراته بالإحياء والإماتة والإيجاد والإعدام، إذ (كل يوم هو في شأن). وإضافة الإله إلى نفسه لا يخرجه عن مقام إطلاقه، إذ هو إله الكل بخلاف الرب، فإن رب موجود معين، ليس ربا لغيره، وإن كان الرب المطلق رب الكل. فالرب يتقيد بالإضافة والإله لا يتقيد. فأراد نوح، عليه السلام، في دعائه بالاسم (الرب)، ما هو ثابت في ربوبيته كاف لمهماته قاض لمراداته في عين التلوين، أي، في عين تلوينات نوح، عليه السلام، في مراتبه الروحانية والقلبية

That is, he specified the Name (Rabb) in his supplication, attaching it to himself, because the Rabb, in whatever name or attribute it be, necessarily implies the one lorded-over (marbūb); so He is fixed in His lordship over servants, to fulfill their needs and see to their affairs. As for (al-Ilāh), it is not restricted to a specific attribute or particular name, since it comprises all attributes and names. So when the supplicant calls upon Him saying: "O God (Ilāh)" or "O Allah," he calls upon Him only from the standpoint of a particular name suited to what he is asking. For the sick person, for example, when he takes refuge in this Name, takes refuge in it insofar as it is Healer and Bestower of health. And the drowning person, when he says "O Allah," takes refuge in this Name insofar as it is Rescuer and Deliverer, and so on. So it varies in Names according to His manifestations through giving life and death, bringing into existence and bringing to naught, since (every day He is in a new affair). And the attachment of "al-Ilāh" to Himself does not remove Him from the station of His absoluteness, for He is the God of the whole, unlike "Rabb," for a Lord is [Lord of] a specific existent, not Lord of another—though the Absolute Lord is Lord of the whole. So Rabb is restricted through relational attachment (iḍāfa), whereas Ilāh is not restricted. Noah, peace be upon him, intended in his supplication by the Name (Rabb) that which is fixed in its lordship, sufficient for his affairs, fulfilling his purposes, precisely within variegation (talwīn)—that is, within the variegations of Noah, peace be upon him, in his spiritual and heart-related ranks

Ibn Turka

﴿" قالَ نُوحٌ رَبِّ "﴾

" لا تَذَرْ عَلَى الأَرْضِ من الْكافِرِينَ دَيَّاراً " [ 71 / 26 ]

"leave not upon the earth any dweller among the disbelievers" [71/26]

Jāmī

﴿"قال نوح رب" ما قال : إلهى فإن الرب له الثبوت﴾

[نوح: 21] بحسب المادة والصيغة . أما بحسب المادة، فلما ذكر رضي الله عنه في جواب السؤال الحادي والثلاثين للترمذي معناه، أي معنى الرب الثابت يقال : رب بالمكان إذا قام فيه وثبت. وأما بحسب الصيغة فلأنه صفة مشبهة تدل على ثبوت مبدأ الاشتقاق للذات المبهمة من غير دلالة على تجدد وانصرام

[Nūḥ: 21], according to both root-meaning and morphological form. As for the root-meaning: as he, may God be pleased with him, mentioned in answering the thirty-first question of al-Tirmidhī, its meaning, i.e., the meaning of "Rabb" is "the fixed one" - one says "rabba bi'l-makān" when he settles and remains fixed in a place. As for the morphological form: because it is an assimilated adjective (ṣifa mushabbaha) indicating the fixity of the source of derivation for the undetermined essence (al-dhāt al-mubhama), without indicating any renewal or cessation

al-Qāshānī

﴿ما قال إلهى فإن الرب له الثبوت﴾

أي الثبوت على الصفة التي يكفى بها مهمه . من غير أن يتحول إلى صفة أخرى فيكون اسما آخر

that is, fixity upon the attribute by which He suffices his important need, without shifting to another attribute, which would then be another name

Ibn Turka

﴿ما قال : « إلهي » ، فإنّ الربّ له الثبوت﴾

باعتبار أن لكلّ نوع ربّا يخصّه ، فلا يختلف مقتضياته ويثبت على اقتضاء واحد

in consideration of the fact that every species has a Lord proper to it, so its requirements do not vary, and it remains fixed upon a single requirement

Bālī Zāde

﴿رب ما قال إلهي فإن الرب له الثبوت﴾

في الربوبية (والإله بتنوع بالأسماء وهو) أي الإله (كل يوم هو في شأن) الشأن والحال لا ثبوت له. قال رضي الله عنه

in lordship — (whereas the deity varies through the names, and He) — i.e., the deity — ("every day He is upon some matter [shaʾn]") — the matter and state has no fixity to it. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qāshānī

﴿والإله يتنوع بالأسماء فهو " كُلَّ يَوْمٍ هُوَ في شَأْنٍ " فأراد بالرب ثبوت التلوين﴾

أي ثبوت ظهوره في صورة توافق مراده في دعائه وهو التلوين

that is, the fixity of His self-manifestation in a form corresponding to his intent in his supplication, and that is the coloring (talwīn)

Ibn Turka

﴿والإله يتنوّع بالأسماء﴾

باعتبار الجمعيّة التي له. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

in consideration of the all-comprehensiveness that is His. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿والإله بتنوع بالأسماء فهو كل يوم في شأن﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فتارة يتجلى بالأسماء الربوبية وتارة بخلافها، ولا شك أن مقام الدعاء وطلب الإجابة إنما بطلب الأسماء الربوبية ودوام آثارها، فلهذا اختار نوح عليه السلام اسم الرب لا الإله. فإنه وإن كانت الأسماء الربوبية متنوعة متلونة، فإن الطالب المستعد بطلب في كل أنية نوع تربية لا يطلبها في أن آخر، وذلك بحسب الظاهر بناء في الثبوت والدوام. قال رضي الله عنه : (وأراد

At times He discloses Himself through the Lordly Names (al-asmāʾ al-rubūbiyya) and at times through others, and there is no doubt that the station of supplication and seeking a response pertains only to the seeking of the Lordly Names and the perpetuity of their effects. This is why Noah, peace be upon him, chose the Name "Lord" (Rabb) rather than "God" (Ilāh). For even though the Lordly Names are diverse and variegated, the seeker who is prepared (mustaʿidd) seeks, in each instant of existence, a type of nurturing (tarbiya) that he does not seek in another instant, and this is, outwardly considered, built upon fixity and perpetuity. He, may God be pleased with him, said: ("And he intended"

Ibn Turka

﴿فهو كلّ يوم في شأن فأراد بالربّ ثبوت التلوين﴾

فإنّ الاستثبات والتمكَّن في نظر التحقيق ما هو في عين التلوين والتجدّد ، لأنّ المقامات إنّما تصحّ عند الأعلى العالم إذا جاوز إلى مقابله ، وبه تمّ ظهوره ، فالصحيح من التمكين ما هو في عين التلوين

for stability and consolidation, in the view of verification, are none other than what subsists in the very essence of variegation and renewal, since stations are validated for the Highest World only when he passes over to their opposite, and by this his manifestation is completed. So the sound form of consolidation is that which is [found] in the very essence of variegation

Bālī Zāde

﴿فأراد بالرب ثبوت التكوين إذ لا يصح إلا هو﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أ ي لا يصح الترقي في السلوك إلا بالثبوت في التكوين وهو التكون في الأسماء وهو أعلى من التمكين فيها . فالتجاء نوح عليه السلام في دعائه إلى ما يعطى هو هذا المقام له إذ لا يقضي الله تعالی حاجته إلا على أيدي هذا الاسم (لا تذر على الأرض يدعوا عليهم أن يصيروا في بطنها لئلا يضلوا عباد الله ويصلوا إلى مطلوبهم في بطن الأرض وجاء كون الحق في بطن الأرض و في بطون جميع الأشياء في المحمدي لو دليتم بحبل ليهبط على الله له ما في السموات وما في الأرض) . فإذن كان الحق في باطن الأرض المعنوي والصوري. قال رضي الله عنه : (فإذا دفنت فيها) بالموت الإرادي

i.e., ascent in wayfaring is not valid except through establishment in engenderment, which is becoming-realized (takawwun) in the Names, and this is higher than mere consolidation (tamkīn) therein. So Noah's, upon him peace, recourse in his supplication to what is given is this very station belonging to him, since God, exalted is He, does not fulfill his need except at the hands of this Name ("Leave not upon the earth") — he prayed against them that they should become within its belly, lest they lead astray the servants of God and attain their desired end within the belly of the earth. And there occurs the being of the Real within the belly of the earth and within the interiors of all things, in the Muḥammadan reality: "if you were let down by a rope" it would descend upon God — His is what is in the heavens and what is in the earth. Thus the Real was within the interior of the earth, both meaningly (maʿnawī) and formally (ṣūrī). He, may God be pleased with him, said: ("then when you are buried therein") through voluntary death (al-mawt al-irādī)

Words 56–57 · 1 of 7

ثُبُوتَ التَّلْوِينِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ثبوت التلوين﴾

أي تلوين الأسماء الربوبية وتبدلها بحسب تبدل الاستعدادات الجزئية الوجودية للقابل المستعد بأن يكون الرب المطلق ثابتا دائما على التجلي بالأسماء المربربية المتلونة الجزئية المقيدة

that is, the variegation of the Lordly Names and their alternation according to the alternation of the particular existential preparednesses (istiʿdādāt) of the receptive one who is prepared (al-qābil al-mustaʿidd), such that the absolute Lord remains fixed and perpetual in self-disclosure through the variegated, particular, restricted Lordly Names

al-Qāshānī

﴿إذ لا يصح إلا هو﴾

في مقام الإجابة لدعائه . وهو قوله

in the station of answering his supplication. And that is His saying

al-Qayṣarī

﴿إذ لا يصح إلا هو﴾

أي، إذ لا يصح في الترقي في الدرجات إلا ثبوت مقامالتلوين، فإنه بالتلوين يترقى من مقام إلى مقام. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه في اصطلاحاته: (إن مقام التلوين أعلى من مقام التمكين). ويريد به التلوين في الأسماء بعد الوصول، أو التلوين في مقامات القلب والروح لا النفس فإنه مذموم لظهوره في مقام القلب تارة ومقام النفس أخرى، بل التمكين أيضا قبلالوصول بمعنى الوقوف في بعض المقامات مذموم، لأنه لا يترقى إلى مقام الفناء

That is, since nothing is valid in ascending through the degrees except the fixity of the station of variegation (talwīn), for it is through variegation that one ascends from station to station. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said in his technical terms: (The station of variegation is higher than the station of stabilization (tamkīn)). He means by this variegation in the Names after arrival, or variegation in the stations of the heart and spirit—not the soul (nafs), for that is blameworthy, appearing now in the station of the heart and now in the station of the soul. Rather, stabilization (tamkīn) too, before arrival, in the sense of halting at some of the stations, is blameworthy, because one does not thereby ascend to the station of annihilation (fanāʾ)

Ibn Turka

﴿إذ لا يصحّ إلَّا هو﴾

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿إذ لا يصح﴾

ولا يتحقق في الواقع من صور الثبوت

nor is it realized in actuality among the forms of fixity

Words 61–62 · 1 of 7

إِلَّا هُوَ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿إلا هو﴾

أي الثبوت في التلوين لا الثبوت الذي يرفع التلوين

that is, fixity within variegation, not the fixity that lifts variegation

al-Qāshānī

﴿لا تَذَرْ عَلَى الأَرْضِ﴾

أي حال الظهور في الفوق الذي هم مستهزؤن به وهو ظاهر الأرض

that is, the state of manifestation in the "above" (al-fawq) in which they mock, and that is the outward face of the earth

al-Jandī

﴿لا تَذَرْ عَلَى الأَرْضِ﴾

يدعو عليهم أن يصيروا في بطنها " . يعني رضي الله عنه : أنّهم مسهّرون بالظهور في الفرق ، وهو ظاهر الأرض وذلك عين دعوته لهم إلى الباطن الأحدي الجمعي . قال رضي الله عنه : « المحمّديّ " لو دلَّيتم بحبل لهبط على الله " . يريد رضي الله عنه أنّ الحق من كونه عين مركز الكلّ ، والمحيط نسبة الفوق إليه كنسبة التحت ، فكما أنّه عين فوقيّة كلّ فوق فكذلك هو عين تحتية كل تحت . قال رسول الله صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم : « لو دلَّيتم بحبل ، لهبط على الله " . وقال

—he invokes against them that they be made to enter its belly." He means, may God be pleased with him: that they are kept vigilant through manifestation in differentiation (farq), which is the outward surface of the earth; and that is precisely his invocation for them toward the nonmanifest, unitary, all-gathering [reality]. He said, may God be pleased with him—the Muhammadan [saying]: "'Had you let down a rope, it would have descended upon God.'" He means, may God be pleased with him, that the Real—being the very center of the whole, while the circumference's relation (nisba) of 'above' to Him is like the relation of 'below'—just as He is the very aboveness of every above, likewise He is the very belowness of every below. The Messenger of God, God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Had you let down a rope, it would have descended upon God." And He said,

al-Qayṣarī

﴿"لا تذر على الأرض" يدعوا عليهم أن يصيروا في بطنها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

المراد ب (الأرض) عالم الأجسام كلها. أي، دعا عليهم أن يدخلهم الحق في باطن عالم الملك الذي هو أرض بالنسبة إلى عالم الملكوت الذي هو السماء، ولا يذرهم على وجه الأرض ليتخلصوا من العوالم الظلمانية الحاجبة للأنوار القدسية والوحدة الحقيقية، أو الأرض المعهودة، فإنها أيضا حضرة من أمهات الحضرات. أي، لا تذرهم على وجه الأرض، بل أدخلهم في باطنها ليتضح عليهم ملكوت ما يخرج منها، فإن السالك إذا دخل في حضرة من الحضرات الإلهية، يكشف له ما في تلك الحضرة من الأعيان والحقائق وأسرارها

What is meant by (the earth) is the entire world of bodies. That is, he prayed against them that the Real make them enter into the interior of the world of dominion (al-mulk), which is "earth" relative to the world of sovereignty (al-malakūt), which is "heaven," and not leave them upon the face of the earth, so that they might be delivered from the darksome worlds that veil the holy lights and the true Oneness—or [what is meant is] the familiar earth, for it too is a Presence among the mother-Presences. That is: leave them not upon the face of the earth, but make them enter its interior, that the sovereignty (malakūt) of what emerges from it might be made clear to them. For when the wayfarer enters into one of the Divine Presences, there is disclosed to him what is in that Presence of entities (aʿyān), realities, and their mysteries

al-Tilimsānī

﴿لا تذر على الأرض﴾

(نوح: 26) وقصده أن يعظم أقدارهم في دخولهم في باطن التوحيد ثم استشهد بما نقله المحمديون من قولهم: إنه، عليه السلام، قال

(Nūḥ: 26). His purpose was to magnify their ranks in their entering into the inward reality of Divine Unity (bāṭin al-tawḥīd). Then he adduced as evidence what the Muḥammadans have transmitted of their saying: that he, peace be upon him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿" لا تَذَرْ عَلَى الأَرْضِ " يدعو عليهم أن يصيروا في بطنها﴾

أي يتحقّقوا بحقيقة البطون ، ولا يبقوا على ظاهر أرض الظهور ، عاكفين بمشاعرهم على سنائر " من سن " صورها التنزيهيّة وحجبها الإمكانيّة الاعتقاديّة ، على ما هو مقتضى دعوته بقوله لهم " فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا " ليشاهدوا الحقّ في أسفل الحقائق ومركز الخفاء ، ولا يخصّوه بالعلوّ الذي في حيطة التقابل وهذا وإن كان دعاء لهم بحسب الحقيقة ، لكن بحسب تعيّناتهم التي بها هم الكافرون يكون عليهم ، ضرورة فنائها بالكلَّية عند هذا التحقّق . ( المحمّديّ ) له في هذه الحكمة وجوه : منها قوله

that is, that they be realized in the reality of nonmanifestation (buṭūn), and not remain upon the outward manifest surface of the earth of manifestation, persisting with their perceptive faculties upon the traces — from "sanna" — of its transcendent forms and its possibility-bound doctrinal veils, in accordance with what is required by his call to them in his saying "so I said: seek forgiveness" — so that they might witness the Real in the lowest of realities and the center of concealment, and not restrict Him to the loftiness that lies within the compass of opposition. And though this be, in reality, a supplication for them, yet in respect of their determinations, by which they are disbelievers, it becomes against them, given the necessity of their total annihilation upon this realization. The Muhammadan one has, regarding this wisdom, several aspects; among them his saying

Jāmī

﴿"لا تذر على الأرض"﴾

أي ظاهر الفرق (يدعو

that is, the manifest (ẓāhir) of the earth of differentiation (farq) ("he calls"

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا تذر على الأرض من الكافرين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(الذين "واستغشوا ثيابهم") [نوح: 27] . أي الذين ستروا وجوداتهم بوجود الحق

[Nūḥ: 27], i.e., those who veiled their existences with the existence of the Real

al-Qāshānī

﴿يدعو عليهم أن يصيروا في بطنها﴾

وذلك عين دعوته لهم إلى الباطن الأحدى الجمعى

and that is precisely his invitation of them to the Unitary, All-Comprehensive Inward (al-bāṭin)

al-Qayṣarī

﴿يدعو عليهم أن يصيروا في باطنها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، دعا على أممه كلهم، العامة منهم والخاصة، بدعاء واحد يشملهم ليعطى الحق كلا منهم حقه، لأن الكافرين منهم من عرف الله وستره، ومنهم من أنكره وجحد، فاختلف وجوههم. ولما كان الأمر كذلك، دعا عليهم بدعاء واحد يستر الخواص منهم، كما ستروا الحق عن أعين الأغيار، جزاء لهم، ويستر العوام المنكرين بالإفناء في وجوده وصفاته، ليتيقنوا الإلهية ويقروا بوحدانيته

That is, he prayed against all his communities, the common among them and the elect, with a single supplication encompassing them all, so that the Real might give each of them his due. For among the disbelievers there was one who knew God and concealed Him (from others), and there was one who denied and rejected Him—so their aspects differed. Since the matter was thus, he prayed against them with a single supplication that would veil the elect among them—just as they veiled the Real from the eyes of others, as a recompense for them—and would veil the common disbelievers through their annihilation in His Existence and Attributes, so that they might attain certainty of the Divine reality and acknowledge His Oneness

al-Tilimsānī

﴿(نوح: 26) . يدعو عليهم أن يصيروا في بطنها. المحمدی﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لو دليتم بحبل لهبط على الله"

were you to be let down by a rope, it would descend upon God

Words 69–72 · 1 of 7

أَنْ يَصِيرُوا فِي بَطْنِهَا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿أن يصيروا في بطنها﴾

أي بطن أرض الفرق وذلك عين دعوته لهم إلى الباطن الجمعي الأحد، فهذا الدعاء وإن كان بحسب الظاهر عليهم فهو بالحقيقة لهم القول: (وهو في الوارث المحمدي) قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (المحمدي «لو دليتم بحبل لهبط على الله»، «له ما في السماوات و ما في الأرض»

that is, the belly of the earth of differentiation, and that is precisely his calling them to the collective, unitary nonmanifest (al-bāṭin al-jamʿī al-aḥad). So this supplication, though outwardly against them, is in reality for them. He said: (and this is in the Muḥammadan inheritor) He, the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: ("the Muḥammadan [inheritance]: 'Were you to be let down by a rope, it would descend upon God,' 'To Him belongs what is in the heavens and what is in the earth'

al-Qāshānī

﴿المحمدي : لو دليتم بحبل لهبط على الله﴾

أي هو التحت كما هو الفوق. وقال

: "had you been let down by a rope, it would have descended upon God"] that is, He is the "below" just as He is the "above." And He said

al-Qayṣarī

﴿المحمدي: "لو دليتم بحبل لهبط على الله". "له ما في السماوات وما في الأرض".﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، وجاء القلب المحمدي بقوله

: "If you were lowered by a rope, you would descend upon God." "To Him belongs what is in the heavens and what is in the earth."] That is, the Muhammadan heart came with its saying

﴿لو دليتم بحبل لهبط على الله.﴾

فأخبر أن الله في باطن الأرض، كما أنه في باطن السماء وقال

So he informed that God is in the interior of the earth, just as He is in the interior of the heaven. And he said

al-Tilimsānī

﴿لو دليتم بحبل لهبط على الله.﴾

ثم أخذ يبين معنى قوله تعالى: "وفيها نعیدکم" بالغيبة في الوحدانية "ومنها تخرجکم"(طه: 55) بالظهور إلى اسمه الظاهر. قال: لاختلاف الوجوه، وهو جواب عن سؤال مقدر كأن قائلا قال له : فإذا لم يكن هناك إلا الحق فما معنى تعید کم ونخرجكم، وحقيقة الوحدانية يقتضي أن لا خروج ولا إعادة؟ فقال إن الأسماء الإلهية منها الظاهرة ومنها الباطنة وهذه من الوجوه. فكأنه قال: إن ذلك إنما كان الاختلاف اعتبارات الأسماء الإلهية وإليها استند؛ الكافرون الذين "استغشوا ثيابهم وجعلوا أصابعهم في آذانهم» (نوح: 7) طلبا للستر لما طلبهم ليغفر لهم أي يسترهم. ثم أخذ يبين معنى قوله: "لا تذر على الأرض من الکافرین دیارآ" (نوح: 29) أحدا يسكن الديار قال: حتى إذا أخذهم إليه كلهم عمت المنفعة بجميعهم كما عمت الدعوة جميعهم. ثم أخذ يبين معنى قوله تعالى : «إنك إن تذرهم» (نوح: 27) وتتركهم ولا تغمرهم بالوحدانية يضلوا عبادك فيخرجوهم من العبودية إلى ما فيهم من أسرار الربوبية. وسبب ذلك أن من غمره التوحيد ينسى الفرق الأسمائي، فأما إن تركهم وشركهم دعوا الناس إلى الفرق، فأضلوهم بإخراجهم عن العبودية إلى تحقق أنهم عين الأرباب بل عین الرب . وذلك هو نظرهم إلى أنفسهم أي يرون حقيقة أنفسهم، فيجدونها ليست غیر معبودهم، فينتقلون إلى الربوبية من العبودية ولذلك ذکر "عبادك" في قوله: "يضلوا عبادك" ولم يقل: يضلوا خلقك . ثم انتقل إلى معنى قوله: "ولا يلدوا" (نوح: 27)، معناه: ولا يظهرون إلا فاجرا أي مظهرا من قولك فجرت النهر ونحوه، فإن الظهور يلزمه والكفار هو الذي يتكرر منه الكفر وهو الستر . والمراد هنا ستر خاص وهو ستر ما أظهره بفجوره کالانكار بعد الإقرار . ثم شرع في معنى قوله تعالى: "رب اغفر لی" (نوح: 28) ففسره بمعنی استرني، لأن الغفر هو الستر وفسر الوالدين بالعقل والطبيعة، أما العقل فللأسماء الإلهية، وأما الطبيعة فلعالم جسمه، ومجموعهما هو والده، وفسر البيت بالقلب، و فسر المؤمن بالمصدق وهو على وفق اللغة، وخص المؤمنين بالعقول لأنها أعلى و المؤمنات بالنفوس لأنها دونها و العقل فاعل في النفس فهو الذكر وهي الأنثى کنسبة القلم الأعلى من اللوح المحفوظ. وأردف ذلك ببيان حال الظالمين، واشتق أسمائهم من الظلمات، وفسر حالهم بأنهم حجبوا بالحق عن ادراك نفوسهم، فهو هلاك لهم لأنهم لا يعرفون نفوسهم. واستدل بحال بعض المحمديين في نزول الآية فيهم مخبرة لهم أنه "كل شيء هالك إلا وجهه" (القصص: 88) . والهالك: المعدوم، والمستثنى من العدم يكون موجودا، فالموجود هو وجهه الكريم وقال: " إن في فلك يوح " وهي الشمس أسرار نوح وفلك يوح هو السماء الرابعة والله الهادي

"Had you been let down by a rope, it would have descended upon God." Then he began to clarify the meaning of His saying, exalted is He: "and therein We will return you" — by absence within Oneness — "and from it We will bring you forth" (Ṭāhā: 55) — by manifestation unto His Name the Manifest (al-Ẓāhir). He said: because of the difference of aspects (wujūh) — and this is an answer to a supposed question, as though someone said to him: If there is nothing there but the Real, what then is the meaning of "We will return you" and "We will bring you forth," when the reality of Oneness requires that there be neither going-forth nor return? He answered that the Divine Names include the manifest and the nonmanifest, and these belong to the [different] aspects. It is as if he said: this difference arises only from the considerations of the Divine Names, and it is to these that the disbelievers had recourse, who "covered themselves with their garments and put their fingers in their ears" (Nūḥ: 7), seeking concealment when he [Noah] called them to be forgiven, i.e., to be covered (concealed). Then he took up clarifying the meaning of His saying: "Leave not upon the earth any dwelling place of the disbelievers" (Nūḥ: 26) — anyone to inhabit the dwellings. He said: So that when He took them all to Himself, the benefit became general for all of them, just as the call [to faith] had been general to all of them. Then he took up clarifying the meaning of His saying, exalted is He: "For indeed, if You leave them" (Nūḥ: 27) — that is, if You leave them and do not immerse them in Oneness — "they will lead astray Your servants" — that is, they will bring them out of servanthood (ʿubūdiyya) to what lies within them of the secrets of lordship (rubūbiyya). The reason for this is that whoever is immersed in Divine Unity (tawḥīd) forgets the differentiation of the Names; but if he leaves them to their association [of partners with God] (shirk), they will call people to differentiation, and thus lead them astray by bringing them out of servanthood to the realization that they are themselves lords — rather, the very Lord. And that is their looking upon themselves, that is, they see the reality of themselves, and find it to be none other than their Object of worship, so they pass over from servanthood to lordship. That is why he mentioned "Your servants" in His saying "they will lead astray Your servants," and did not say "they will lead astray Your creatures." Then he moved to the meaning of His saying: "and they will not beget except a profligate" (Nūḥ: 27), meaning: they will manifest nothing but a profligate (fājir), that is, a manifester (muẓhir) — from your saying "the river burst forth (fajarat)" and the like, for manifestation necessarily attaches to it. And the disbeliever (kāfir) is the one from whom disbelief (kufr) recurs repeatedly — and that is concealment (satr). What is meant here is a specific concealment, namely the concealment of what he manifested through his profligacy, such as denial after acknowledgment. Then he began [to explain] the meaning of His saying, exalted is He: "My Lord, forgive me" (Nūḥ: 28), interpreting it to mean: conceal me, since forgiveness (ghafr) is concealment (satr). He interpreted "my parents" as intellect (ʿaql) and nature (ṭabīʿa): the intellect pertaining to the Divine Names, and nature to the world of his body; and their sum together is his "father." He interpreted "the house" as the heart. He interpreted "the believer" as one who affirms as true (muṣaddiq), in accordance with the [literal] language. He specified "the believing men" with the intellects, because they are higher, and "the believing women" with the souls (nufūs), because they are lower — the intellect acting upon the soul, so that it [the intellect] is the male and it [the soul] is the female, like the relation of the Supreme Pen to the Preserved Tablet. He followed this with a clarification of the state of the "wrongdoers" (ẓālimīn), deriving their name from "darknesses" (ẓulumāt), and interpreting their state as that they were veiled by the Real from perceiving their own selves — and this is destruction for them, since they do not know their own selves. He adduced as evidence the state of some of the Muḥammadans regarding the descent of the verse concerning them, informing them: "Everything is perishing except His Face" (al-Qaṣaṣ: 88). "The perishing" is the nonexistent, and what is excepted from nonexistence must be existent; so the Existent is His noble Face. And he said: "Indeed in the sphere (falak) of Yūḥ" — which is the sun — are the secrets of Noah (Nūḥ), and the sphere of Yūḥ is the fourth heaven. And God is the Guide.

Ibn Turka

﴿« لو دلَّيتم بحبل لهبط على الله » … " لَه ُ ما في السَّماواتِ وَما في الأَرْضِ "﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

[ 2 / 255 ] . الأوّل يدلّ على ثبوت تلك النسبة للذات ، والثاني على ما لها من الأفعال . ثمّ إنّ من شأن من يؤتى جوامع الكلم أن يثلث الدالّ في كل أمر . لذلك قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

[2/255]. The first indicates the fixity of that relation for the Essence, and the second indicates what belongs to it of acts. Now, it is characteristic of one who is given the comprehensive words that he triples the indicator in every matter. Hence the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿لو دليتم بحبل لهبط على الله﴾

أي لو دليتم من ظاهر أرض الفرق بحبل رقيقة حبية إلى باطنها بانقطاع هذه الرقيقة من ظاهرها تهبط على الحقيقة الأحدية الجمعية الإلهية وارتبط بها فإنه ليس للفرق باطن إلا الجمع. وقال تعالى

that is, were you let down from the manifest of the earth of differentiation by a subtle rope of love toward its nonmanifest, then upon the severance of this subtle thread from its manifest aspect, it would descend upon the collective Unitary Divine Reality and become bound to it, for differentiation has no nonmanifest reality other than the collectivity (al-jamʿ). And He, exalted, said

al-Qāshānī

﴿لَه ما في السَّماواتِ وما في الأَرْضِ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي الظهور بصورها. قال رضي الله عنه

that is, the manifestation through their forms. He, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Jandī

﴿لَه ُ ما في السَّماواتِ وَما في الأَرْضِ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال رضي الله عنه : فإذا دفنت فيها فأنت فيها ، وهي ظرفك

He said, may God be pleased with him: so if you are buried in it, you are in it, and it is your container (ẓarf).

al-Qayṣarī

﴿له ما في السماوات﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي عالم الأرواح

that is, the world of spirits

al-Tilimsānī

﴿له ما في السماوات وما في الأرض﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(البقرة: 255) وإذا دفنت فيها فأنت فيها وهي ظرفك

(al-Baqara: 255). And when you are buried within it, you are in it, and it is your container (ẓarf)

Jāmī

﴿"له ما في السماوات وما في الأرض"﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

[البقرة : 255]، أي له الظهور بصور السموات والأرض وما فيهما. فكما أنه عين فوقية كل فوق، فكذلك هو عين تحتية كل تحت (فإذا دفنت فيها) بالدخول من ظاهرها إلى باطنه

[al-Baqara: 255], that is, to Him belongs the manifestation through the forms of the heavens and the earth and what is in them. Just as He is the very aboveness of every above, so likewise He is the very belowness of every below. (So if you are buried in it) by entering from its manifest aspect into its nonmanifest aspect

Words 84–86 · 1 of 7

وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ

Only al-Qayṣarī comments here.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وما في الأرض﴾

أي، عالم الأجسام. وهو نور السماوات والأرض، فلا يخلوا السماوات والأرض منه

that is, the world of bodies. And He is the Light of the heavens and the earth, so neither the heavens nor the earth are ever devoid of Him

Words 86–120 · 1 of 7

ٱلْأَرْضِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿و إذا دفنت فيها فأنت فيها و هي ظرفك: «و فيها نعيدكم ومنها نخرجكم تارة أخرى» لاختلاف الوجوه. «من الكافرين» الذين «استغشوا ثيابهم وجعلوا أصابعهم في آذانهم» طلبا للستر لأنه «دعاهم ليغفر لهم» والغفر الستر.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قوله عليه السلام

His, peace be upon him, saying

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.