Mashrabaمشربة

The commentators side by side

One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ سُبُّوحِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ نُوحِيَّةٍ

←Read ¶21 in the text

21 · 55 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنَ العُقُولِ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ مِنَ النُّفُوسِ وَلَا تَزِدِ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ أَيْ أَهْلَ الغَيْبِ المُكْتَنِفِينَ خَلْفَ الحُجُبِ الظُّلْمَانِيَّةِ إِلَّا تَبَارًۢا أَي هَلاَكًا فَلَا يَعْرِفُونَ نُفُوسَهُمْ لِشُهُودِهِمْ وَجْهَ الحَقِّ دُونَهُمْ فِي المُحَمَّدِيِّينَ كُلُّ شَىْءٍ هَالِكٌ إِلَّا وَجْهَهُۥ وَالتَّبَارُ الهَلاَكُ وَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقِفَ عَلَى أَسْرَارِ نُوحٍ فَعَلَيْهِ بِالرُّقِيِّ فِي فَلَكِ يُوحٍ وَهُوَ فِي التَّنَزُّلَاتُ المَوصِلِيَّةِ لَنَا

"And for the believers" [Q 71:28], that is, among the intellects, "and the believing women" [Q 71:28], that is, among the souls. "And do not increase the wrongdoers" [Q 71:28]: [ẓālimīn taken] from "darknesses" (ẓulumāt), that is, the folk of the unseen who are enveloped behind the veils of darkness, "except in ruin" [Q 71:28], that is, in perishing. So they do not know their own selves, because they witness the face of the Real to the exclusion of themselves. Among the Muḥammadans [this is expressed as]: "Everything is perishing except His face" [Q 28:88]; and tabār is perishing. Whoever wishes to become acquainted with the mysteries of Noah, let him ascend into the sphere of Yūḥ, and it is in our [book] al-Tanazzulāt al-Mawṣiliyya (The Mosul Descents).

al-Qāshānī

﴿وللمؤمنين من العقول والمؤمنات من النفوس﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ظاهر (ولا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ " من الظلمات أهل الغيب المكتنفين خلف الحجب الظلمانية ) أول الظالمين بذوى الظلمات من قوله عليه الصلاة والسلام « الظلم ظلمات يوم القيامة » وفسرهم بأهل الغيب بحسب ما عليه من الحال والاستغراق في الغيب . وقوله أهل الغيب بيان لهم ، المكتنفين أي المتخذين أكنافهم والمتوطنين خلف الحجب الظلمانية وراء الأستار الحجابية والأطوار الجسمانية الظلمانية ، المحتجبين في حظائر القدس عن أعين الناظرين ( " إِلَّا تَباراً " أي إلا هلاكا ) في الحق

— [this is] evident. ("and do not increase the wrongdoers") — of the darknesses — the people of the unseen (ghayb) who dwell enveloped behind the darksome veils) — He interpreted "the wrongdoers" (al-ẓālimīn) as those possessed of darknesses, based on his saying, upon him be prayer and peace: "Wrongdoing is [manifold] darknesses on the Day of Resurrection." And he explained them as the people of the unseen, in accordance with the state they are in and their total absorption in the unseen. His saying "the people of the unseen" is an explanation of them: "those who dwell enveloped" — that is, those who have taken up their abodes and settled themselves behind the darksome veils, behind the curtains of veiling and the darksome corporeal states, veiled within the enclosures of holiness from the eyes of onlookers. ("except ruin" — that is, nothing but destruction) — in the Real.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿"وللمؤمنين" من العقول "والمؤمنات" من النفوس﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وإنما فسر (المؤمنين) بالعقول، أي المجردات، لأن نفوسهم فعالة في نفوس غيرهم مؤثرة بالهمة فيها،بل في العالم على قدر قربهم ونصيبهم من الاسم (القادر) وكمالهم من الله، كالعقول. و (المؤمنات) بالنفوس، أي المنطبعة المطمئنة، إذ (النفس) في اصطلاح هذه الطائفة لا يطلق إلا بها، لا بالناطقة المجردة، كاصطلاح الحكماء، لأنها هي المنفعلة عن الروح أولا، ثم بواسطتها ينفعل الطبيعة الجسمية والبدن. ("ولا تزد الظالمين") أي، المستترين بالغواشي التي توجب الظلمات، لذلك قال

He interpreted "believing men" as the intellects, i.e., the separate (immaterial) realities, because their souls are active in the souls of others, exerting influence through spiritual aspiration (himma) upon them—indeed upon the world—in proportion to their nearness to and share of the Name "the Powerful" (al-Qādir) and their perfection from God, like the intellects. And "believing women" as the souls, i.e., the impressed and tranquil souls, since "soul" (nafs) in the technical usage of this group is applied only to this, not to the immaterial rational soul as in the terminology of the philosophers, because it is what is first affected by the spirit, and then through its mediation the bodily nature and body are affected. ("And do not increase the wrongdoers") that is, those concealed by the veils that necessitate darknesses; hence he said,

Ibn Turka

﴿"وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ " من العقول﴾

المنتسبة إلى المواد ( " وَالْمُؤْمِناتِ"من النفوس ) المنطبعة فيها . ("وَلا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ" ) يعني المستهلكين في غياهب غيب الهويّة التي لا تميّز فيها أصلا

attached to material substrates ("and the believing women" — meaning the souls) imprinted within them. ("and do not increase the wrongdoers") meaning those immersed in the darknesses of the Unseen of the Ipseity (huwiyya), in which there is no differentiation whatsoever

al-Tilimsānī

﴿من النفوس. ولا تريد الظالمين من الظلمات أهل الغيب المكتنفین خلف الحجب الظلمانية. إل … (نوح: 28) أي هلاكا، فلا يعرفون نفوسهم لشهودهم وجه الحق دونهم وفي المحمديين.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وكل شيء هالك إلا وجهه

and everything is perishing except His Face

al-Jandī

﴿من الظلمات أهل الغيب المكتنفين خلف الحجب الظلمانيّة﴾

إِلَّا تَباراً " أي هلاكا ، فلا تعرفون نفوسهم بشهودهم وجه الحق دونهم . يعني رضي الله عنه : إذا غرقوا في طوفان نورك الموّاج ، مستغرقا بهياجه لنار الفرق الهيّاج ، فاضمحلَّت معرفتهم بغيريّاتهم ، ودعاويهم في طواغيت صنميّاتهم ، وحجابيّات عرفهم وعاداتهم ومعتقداتهم ، فعادوا غيّبا خلف حجب عزّ عينك كما كانوا في مظهريّاتهم. قال رضي الله عنه : « في المحمّديّين " كُلُّ شَيْءٍ هالِكٌ إِلَّا وَجْهَه ُ " . والتبار :الهلاك. يعني رضي الله عنه : في المشرب المحمدي شهود كلَّي لاضمحلال كل شيء في عين الحق ، ووجه كل شيء حقيقته وحقيقته عينه الثابتة ، فهي وجه الحق الذي ظهر به وفيه وله ، وهو الباقي منه في قوله : " وَيَبْقى وَجْه ُ رَبِّكَ " ، وتبور الحجب والستور ، ويبقى وجه نور النور ، وإلى الله عاقبة الأمور . قال رضي الله عنه : « ومن أراد أن يقف على أسرار نوح عليه السّلام فعلية بالرّقيّ في فلك يوح وهو في "التنزّلات الموصليّة" "لنا" . يعني رضي الله عنه : أنّ أكثر أسرار ما يتعلَّق بكلمة نوح عليه السّلام من الحكمة والمشاهد الغريبة لمن يعرج بروحه إلى فلك الشمس ، فإنّ طوفان انفهاق النور ، من تنّور عينها يفور . وقد ذكر رضي الله عنه أكثر أسرار مقام نوح في كتاب « التنزّلات الموصليّة » وهو كتاب جليل القدر ، فلتطلب الأسرار النوحيّة منه إنشاء الله تعالى

except in destruction (tabār)' - meaning ruin, such that you do not recognize their selves through their witnessing the Face of the Real apart from them. He (may God be pleased with him) means: when they are drowned in the flood of Your surging light, overwhelmed by its turbulence with the raging fire of separation (farq), then their knowledge of their otherness is obliterated, along with their claims within the idol-tyrants of their own manifestations, and the veiling effects of their customary knowledge, habits, and beliefs - so they return to being unseen behind the veils of the might of Your Eye (ʿayn), just as they were in their loci of manifestation. He (may God be pleased with him) said: 'Among the Muhammadans: "Everything is perishing except His Face"' - and tabār means destruction. He (may God be pleased with him) means: in the Muhammadan drinking-place (mashrab) there is a total witnessing of the obliteration of everything in the Eye of the Real, and the face of each thing is its reality, and its reality is its fixed entity ('ayn thābita) - so it is the Face of the Real through which, in which, and for which it became manifest, and it is what remains of Him, as in His saying: 'And there remains the Face of your Lord.' The veils and screens pass away, and the Face of the Light of Lights remains, and to God is the outcome of all affairs. He (may God be pleased with him) said: 'Whoever wishes to grasp the secrets of Noah, peace be upon him, let him ascend in the celestial sphere (falak) of Yūḥ' - this being in 'al-Tanazzulāt al-Mawṣiliyya,' [a work] of ours. He (may God be pleased with him) means: that most of the secrets pertaining to the Word of Noah, peace be upon him, of wisdom and strange witnessings, are for one whose spirit ascends to the celestial sphere of the sun, for the flood of the bursting-forth of light wells up from the oven of its source (ʿayn). He (may God be pleased with him) has mentioned most of the secrets of the Station of Noah in the book 'al-Tanazzulāt al-Mawṣiliyya,' which is a work of great worth - so let the Noahic secrets be sought from it, God Most High willing.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿من الظلمات﴾

أي، مأخوذة من الظلمات. كما قال عليه السلام: (الظلم ظلمات يوم القيامة)

that is, taken from the darknesses, as he, peace be upon him, said: "Wrongdoing is darknesses on the Day of Resurrection."

Ibn Turka

﴿من الظلمات : أهل الغيب ، المكتنفين خلف الحجب الظلمانيّة﴾

يعني وراء أحكام البطون ومقتضيات غيب الذات ، فإنّهم يعبّرون عن تلك الأحكام بالظلمة ، كما قال الشيخ في اصطلاحاته: " يسمّى العلم بالذات ظلمة "

meaning behind the rulings of nonmanifestation (buṭūn) and the requirements of the Unseen of the Essence, for they express these rulings as darkness, just as the Shaykh said in his technical terminology: "knowledge of the Essence is called darkness"

Jāmī

﴿من الظلمات﴾

كما قال صلى الله عليه وسلم : "الظلم ظلمات يوم القيامة"

as he (peace be upon him) said: 'Wrongdoing is darknesses on the Day of Resurrection.'

al-Qayṣarī

﴿أهل الغيب المكتنفين خلف الحجب الظلمانية﴾

منصوب على أنه عطف بيان (الظالمين). والمراد منه العارفون بالغيب وإن كانوا ظاهرين بالحجب الظلمانية التي يسترهم كالملامية. وهؤلاء هم الذين جاء في حقهم: (أوليائي تحت قبابي لا يعرفهم غيري) ("إلا تبارا" أي، هلاكا) أي، هلاكا فيك

in the accusative as an appositive explanation (ʿaṭf bayān) of (the wrongdoers). What is meant by it is the gnostics of the unseen, even though they appear outwardly with the dark veils that conceal them, like the People of Blame (al-Malāmiyya). These are the ones concerning whom it has come: "My saints are beneath My domes; none knows them but I." ("except ruin," i.e., destruction) that is, destruction/annihilation in You.

Jāmī

﴿أهل الغيب﴾

منصوب على أنه عطف بيان للظالمين (المكتنفين) أي المستترين مع كمال نورانيتهم

placed in the accusative as an appositive explaining 'the wrongdoers' (al-mukatanifīn), meaning those who are concealed despite the perfection of their luminosity

Jāmī

﴿خلف الحجب الظلمانية﴾

و وراء الأستار الجسمانية ("إلا تبارا" أي هلاكا) [نوح : 28] بالفناء فيك

and behind the corporeal curtains ('except in ruin,' i.e., destruction) [Noah: 28] through annihilation in You

Bālī Zāde

﴿المكتشفين خلف الحجب الظلمانية "إلا تبارا"﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي هلاكا فيك . فإذا هلكو

i.e., destruction/annihilation within You. So when they are destroyed

Ibn Turka

﴿" إِلَّا تَباراً " [ 71 / 28 ] أي هلاكا ، فلا يعرفون نفوسهم لشهودهم وجه الحقّ﴾

ومحيا إطلاقه الذي الكلّ فيه عينه ، لا تحيّر فيه أصل ( دونهم ) . وما يدلّ على هذه الحكمة

— that is, destruction, for they do not know their own selves, being absorbed in witnessing the Face of the Real] and the living presence of His unconditionality (iṭlāq), in which the All is His very identity ('ayn), with no bewilderment therein at all (apart from them). What indicates this wisdom

al-Qāshānī

﴿فلا يعرفون نفوسهم لشهودهم وجه الحق دونهم﴾

قوله رضي الله عنه

themselves] His words, may God be pleased with him:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فلا يعرفون نفوسهم لشهودهم وجه الحق دونهم﴾

أي، إذا هلكوا فيك، فلا يعرفون نفوسهم ولا يشعرون بذواتهم ولا يظهرون بإنياتهم، لشهودهم وجه الحق الباقي أبدا دون أنفسهم، لئلا يحتجبوا بها عن الحق

That is, when they are annihilated (halakū) in You, they do not know their own souls, nor are they aware of their essences, nor do they appear with their individual existences (inniyyāt), because they witness the ever-abiding Face of the Real rather than themselves, lest they be veiled by themselves from the Real.

Jāmī

﴿فلا يعرفون﴾

بواسطة هذا الهلاك (نفوسهم) ولا يشعرون بذواتهم

by means of this destruction (their souls), nor are they aware of their own essences

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلا يعرفون نفوسهم لشهودهم وجه الحق دونهم﴾

أي من دون أنفسهم وما أشار إليه نوح عليه السلام في دعائه بالتبار (جاء في المحمديين في كل شيء هالك إلا وجهه [القصص: ۸۸]. و التبار الهلاك) . فالظالمين ههنا غير ما ذكر في الأول، وهذا أعلى من الأول لذلك دعا في حق الأول بزيادة الحيرة بقوله : "إلا ضللا " أي حيرة فهم المتحيرون والحيرة من بقاء الوجود. في الثاني بزيادة الهلاك بقوله : "إلا تبارا" فهم الهالكون المتخلصون عن قيد الحيرة إذ لا وجود لهم بسبب هلاكهم في الله . فهم أعلى من الأول في مقام الفناء وإن كان الأول أعرف في مقام العرفان

i.e., without their [own] selves. And what Noah, upon him peace, alluded to in his prayer by "ruin" (tabār) — it occurs regarding the Muḥammadans: "everything is perishing except His Face" [al-Qaṣaṣ: 88]. And tabār is destruction. So the "wrongdoers" here are other than what was mentioned earlier, and this is higher than the earlier one; therefore he prayed regarding the first with an increase of bewilderment (ḥayra), saying: "except error (ḍalāl)" — i.e., bewilderment — so they are the bewildered ones, and bewilderment is [consistent with] the remaining of existence. And regarding the second, with an increase of destruction, saying: "except ruin (tabār)" — so they are the destroyed ones, freed from the fetter of bewilderment, since they have no existence on account of their destruction in God. So they are higher than the first in the station of annihilation (fanāʾ), even though the first are more knowing (aʿraf) in the station of gnosis (ʿirfān)

Words 27–29 · 1 of 7

وَجْهَ الحَقِّ دُونَهُمْ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿لشهودهم وجه الحق﴾

الباقي أزلا وأبد (دونهم) ، أي دون أنفسهم فلا يحتجبون بها عن الحق تعالی . (و) جاء

which remains eternally and everlastingly (instead of them), that is, instead of their own souls, so they are not veiled by them from the Real, the Exalted. (And) it has come

al-Qāshānī

﴿في المحمديين " كُلُّ شَيْءٍ هالِكٌ إِلَّا وَجْهَه " والتبار : الهلاك﴾

يجوز أن يكون صفة للظالمين : أي الظالمين الكائنين ، أو حالا أي كائنين في المحمديين والمراد ظالمو أمة محمد عليه الصلاة والسلام من المصطفين . أو صفة لهلاكا أي هلاكا واقعا في المحمديين أو في زمرتهم ، او متعلقا لشهودهم أي لشهودهم وجه الحق ، وقوله " كُلُّ شَيْءٍ هالِكٌ إِلَّا وَجْهَه " بيان لمشرب المحمديين أي فيهم شهود كلى باضمحلال الرسوم وفناء كل شيء عند طلوع الوجه الباقي المحرق سبحانه ما انتهى إليه بصره من خلقه . ويجوز أن يكون قوله في المحمديين منقطعا عما قبله ، على أن الكلام مبتدأ في المحمديين خبره أي فيهم هذا الشهود ، والوجه هو الذات الموجودة مع لوازمها ، ووجه الحق هو عين الوجود الأحدى الجمعى أي المطلق

It may be that this is a description of 'the wrongdoers,' i.e., the wrongdoers who are [situated], or a circumstantial qualifier, i.e., being among the Muhammadans, meaning the wrongdoers of the community of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) from among the elect (muṣṭafīn); or it may be a description of 'ruin,' i.e., a ruin occurring among the Muhammadans or within their ranks; or it may be connected to 'their witnessing,' i.e., their witnessing of the Face of the Real. And his saying 'Everything is perishing except His Face' is an explication of the drinking-place (mashrab) of the Muhammadans — that is, in them there is a comprehensive witnessing of the effacement of all formal traces and the annihilation of everything at the rising of the abiding Face, which consumes, glory be to Him, whatever of His creation His gaze reaches. It may also be that his saying 'among the Muhammadans' is disconnected from what precedes it, such that the statement begins anew: 'among the Muhammadans' being its predicate, i.e., in them is this witnessing. And 'the Face' is the Essence existing together with its concomitants, and 'the Face of the Real' is the very existence that is one and all-comprehensive (al-aḥadī al-jamʿī), i.e., absolute.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿في المحمديين:"كل شئ هالك إلا وجهه" وذاته. و "التبار" الهلاك.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، كما جاء في حق المحمديين وفي كتابهم

That is, just as it has come concerning the Muḥammadans and in their Book.

Ibn Turka

﴿في المحمّديين … " كُلُّ شَيْءٍ هالِكٌ إِلَّا وَجْهَه ُ"﴾

[ 28 / 188 ]

[28/88]

Jāmī

﴿في المحمديين … "كل شيء هالك إلا وجهه" و التبار : الهلاك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

[القصص: 88] . فما جاء في النوحيين موافق لما جاء في المحمديين

and tabār means destruction [al-Qaṣaṣ: 88]. So what has come regarding the Noahids agrees with what has come regarding the Muḥammadans

Words 33–37 · 1 of 7

شَىْءٍ هَالِكٌ إِلَّا وَجْهَهُۥ وَالتَّبَارُ

Only al-Qayṣarī comments here.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿كل شئ هالك إلا وجهه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

و ذاته، و التبار الهلاك، فطلب نوح، عليه السلام، الهلاك فيه بقوله: (ولا تزد الظالمين إلا تبارا.)

and His Essence, and al-tabār is destruction. So Noah, peace be upon him, sought annihilation (halāk) in Him with his saying: "and do not increase the wrongdoers except in ruin."

al-Tilimsānī

﴿(القصص: 88) والتبار الهلاك. ومن أراد أن يقف على أسرار نوح فعليه بالترقي في فلك يوح، وهو في التنزلات الموصلية لنا والله يقول الحق. قلت: قوله،﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ليس كمثله شيء" فنزه هنا وجعل الكاف زائدة فافهم. وقوله: "وهو السميع البصير" (الشورى: 11) شبه، لأنه وصف الحق تعالی بالسمع والبصر وهي قد يطلق على العين والأذن. قوله: قال تعالى: "ليس كمثله شيء" فشبه وهنا جعل الكاف زائدة، فكأنه قال: ليس مثل مثله شيء فأثبت له مثلا لا يشبه ذلك المثل شيء . ولذلك قال : وثني قوله: "وهو السميع البصير" فنزه وأفرد هنا حمل السمع والبصر على معاني أسمائه تعالى، فالسمع والبصر هنا لا يطلق على الأذن والعين بل على معاني الأسماء الإلهية . ولذلك قال : و افرد و بالإفراد يقع التنزيه فلذلك قال فنزه وافرد. قوله : ولو أن نوحا، عليه السلام، جمع لقومه بين الدعوتين لأجابوه، يعني أن محمدا رسول الله جاء بالدعوتين: التنزيه والتشبيه، وهذا مبني على ما قرر من مفهوم قوله تعالى: "ليس كمثله شيء " فإنه عين حمل الآية على الأمرين معا، فجمع نبينا، عليه الصلاة والسلام، في دعوته. وأما نوح، عليه السلام، فذكر رضي الله عنه : أنه ما جمع لهم وسنبين كيف ذلك . وهو قوله: فدعاهم جهارا ، أي إلى التشبيه الذي تقدم ذكره لأنه الظاهر فناسب أن يقال في الدعاء إليه جهارا. قال: ثم دعاهم أسرارا ، أي إلى حضرة التنزيه الذي تقدم ذكره أيضا لأنه الباطن فناسب أن يقال في الدعاء إليه أسرارا. ثم قال لهم نوح: "استغفروا ربكم إنه كان غفارا" فخاطبهم بما لا يناسب حالهم وإلى هذا أشار، رضي الله عنه: والذي لا يناسب حالهم هو كونه فرق الدعوة فدعا مرة إلى اسمه الظاهر، تعالى، ومرة إلى اسمه الباطن، تعالى. فلما لم يجيبوه وصف حالهم معه وحاله معهم، فقال: "دعوت قومي ليلا ونهار (نوح: 5) . أي ظاهرا مرة وهو قوله: نهارا وباطنا مرة وهو قوله: لیلا أي إلى الاسم الظاهر مرة وإلى الاسم الباطن مرة "فلم يزدهم دعائي إلا فرارا" (نوح: 6). وذكر عن قومه أنهم تصامموا عن دعوته بكونهم جعلوا أصابعهم في آذانهم. قال وإنما تصامموا عن دعوته، لأنهم علموا ما يجب عليهم إن هم سمعوها أي يتعين عليهم الطاعة، فسدوا آذانهم عن سماع دعوته حتى لا يقع عليهم لسان الذم. قال: فعلم العلماء ما أشار إليه نوح، عليه السلام، من الثناء عليهم بلسان الذم، يعني أنه عذرهم وعلم أن مستندهم في سد آذانهم عن سماع دعوته أنه صحيح. فكأنه قال: إنهم فعلوا ما يجب عليهم فعله ولم يدخلوا تحت ما يجب عليهم ما لا يلزمهم من اجابة دعوته المفترقة الجهات، وهذا الكلام صعب. قال: لأنهم كانوا أهل قرآن وهو إنما أتاهم بالفرقان فلا جرم ما أجابوه. وقول الشيخ، رضي الله عنه: فإن الأمر قرآن لا فرقان ، يعني أن الحق هو الجمع بين الظاهر والباطن في الدعوة إلى التنزيه والتشبيه، والمراد هنا بالقرآن الجمع ، لأنه مشتق من المصدر الذي اشتق منه قولك: قرأت الماء في الحوض إذا جمعته، فكأنه قال: الأمر جمع لا فرقان ، إذا كان الفرقان هو ضد الجمع وهو مثل فرق يفرق فرقا وفرقانا. فقال الشيخ ، رضي الله عنه: الأمر الإلهي قرآن لا فرقان ثم أخذ في تعريفنا مرتبة كل واحد من الاسمين المذكورين. قال: ومن أقيم في القرآن وهو حضرة التوحيد لا يصغي إلى من دعاه إلى الفرق وإن كان الفرق في الجمع. فلذلك قال رضي الله عنه: وإن كان فيه فإن القرآن يتضمن الفرقان بمعنى أن تفصيل الوحدانية هو بالأحدية وفي ضمنها وفي التفصيل يظهر الفرقان لكن يرجع بالأحدية كما ذكرنا، وأما الفرقان فلا يتضمن القرآن، لأن الفرقان صفة مسلوب عن موجب، والايجاب والسلب لا يجتمعان في الأقوال والأضداد لا تجتمع في الموصوفات ، إذا تحقق التناقض والتضاد. قال: فالجمع اختص بمحمد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وهذه الأمة التي هي

"Nothing is like unto Him" — here this is tanzīh, and he made the kāf (the particle of comparison) superfluous (zāʾida), so understand. And his statement: "and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing" (al-Shūrā: 11) — this is tashbīh, because He described the Real, the Exalted, with hearing and sight, and these terms may be applied to the [physical] eye and ear. As for his statement: He, the Exalted, said: "Nothing is like unto Him" — this is tashbīh, and here he made the kāf superfluous, as though he said: "There is nothing like unto His like," thereby affirming for Him a "like" unlike which nothing resembles — and that is why he doubled it (waththanahu). As for his statement: "and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing" — this is tanzīh, and here he singled it out (afrada), carrying "hearing" and "sight" upon the meanings of His Exalted Names; so "hearing" and "sight" here do not apply to the [physical] ear and eye but to the meanings of the divine Names. That is why he said "and he singled it out (afrada)," and by singling-out tanzīh occurs — hence he said "tanzīh, and singling-out." As for his statement: Had Noah, upon him peace, combined for his people between the two calls, they would have responded to him — meaning that Muḥammad, the Messenger of God, came with both calls together: tanzīh and tashbīh, and this is founded upon what has been established concerning the meaning of His saying, the Exalted: "Nothing is like unto Him," for it is precisely the carrying of the verse upon both matters together — thus our Prophet, upon him blessing and peace, combined them in his call. As for Noah, upon him peace, he, may God be pleased with him [Ibn ʿArabī], mentioned that he did not combine them for his people, and we shall explain how that is so. This is his statement: he called them openly — i.e., to tashbīh, mentioned previously, for it is the manifest (al-ẓāhir), and so it is fitting that the call to it be described as "openly." He said: then he called them secretly — i.e., to the Presence of tanzīh, also mentioned previously, for it is the nonmanifest (al-bāṭin), and so it is fitting that the call to it be described as "secretly." Then Noah said to them: "Seek forgiveness of your Lord, indeed He is Ever-Forgiving" — thus he addressed them with what did not suit their state, and to this he [Ibn ʿArabī], may God be pleased with him, alluded: and what did not suit their state was that he separated the call, calling once to His manifest Name, the Exalted, and once to His nonmanifest Name, the Exalted. So when they did not respond to him, he described his state with them and their state with him, saying: "I called my people night and day" (Nūḥ: 5) — i.e., manifestly once, which is his word "day," and nonmanifestly once, which is his word "night" — i.e., to the manifest Name once and to the nonmanifest Name once — "but my calling only increased them in flight" (Nūḥ: 6). And it is mentioned concerning his people that they feigned deafness to his call by putting their fingers in their ears. He said: they only feigned deafness to his call because they knew what would become obligatory upon them if they heard it — i.e., obedience would become incumbent upon them — so they stopped up their ears from hearing his call, lest the tongue of blame fall upon them. He said: thus the learned came to know what Noah, upon him peace, alluded to by way of praising them through the language of blame — meaning that he excused them, knowing that their basis for stopping their ears from hearing his call was sound. It is as though he said: they did what was obligatory upon them to do, and did not fall under what was not incumbent upon them, namely responding to his call which was divided in its directions — and this discourse is difficult. He said: because they were people of Qurʾān [i.e., of combination/gathering], while he brought them only Furqān [i.e., separation/differentiation], and so naturally they did not respond to him. And the Shaykh's statement, may God be pleased with him: for the Matter is Qurʾān, not Furqān — meaning that the Real is the combination (al-jamʿ) of the manifest and the nonmanifest in the call to tanzīh and tashbīh together, and what is meant here by "Qurʾān" is combination (al-jamʿ), for it is derived from the same root from which one derives the saying "I gathered (qaraʾtu) the water in the pool" when you collect it; so it is as though he said: the Matter is gathering, not separation, since Furqān is the opposite of gathering, being of the pattern "faraqa yafruqu farqan wa-furqānan" [he separated]. Thus the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: the Divine Matter is Qurʾān, not Furqān, then he proceeded to acquaint us with the rank of each of the two mentioned Names. He said: and whoever is established in the Qurʾān, which is the Presence of Unity (ḥaḍrat al-tawḥīd), does not incline toward one who calls him to separation, even though separation is [contained] within gathering. That is why he, may God be pleased with him, said: even though it is contained within it — for the Qurʾān comprises the Furqān, in the sense that the differentiation of Oneness (al-waḥdāniyya) occurs through and within Ahadiyya [Unicity], and within that differentiation Furqān appears, yet it reverts to Ahadiyya as we have mentioned; whereas Furqān does not comprise Qurʾān, because Furqān is an attribute stripped of what is affirmative (mūjib), and affirmation and negation cannot combine in statements, just as contraries cannot combine in the things described, once contradiction and opposition are realized. He said: so the combination (al-jamʿ) was specific to Muḥammad, the Messenger of God, God bless him and grant him peace, and to this Community which is

al-Qāshānī

﴿ومن أراد أن يقف على أسرار نوح فعليه بالترقى في فلك نوح ، وهو في التنزلات الموصلية لنا﴾

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أكثر أسرار الكلمة النوحية من الحكم والمعارف والمشاهدات لا تنكشف. إلا لمن يترقى بروحه إلى فلك الشمس ، ونوح اسم الشمس لأنه المكان العلى الذي هو منشأ القطب ومبدأ تنزله ، ومن نور روحانيتها إمداده ، والتنزلات الموصلية كتاب من تصانيفه رفيع القدر ، ذكر فيه الأسرار النوحية والتنزلات الروحية لسائر الأنبياء والأولياء

in al-Tanazzulāt al-Mawṣiliyya lanā (The Conjunctive Descents Granted Us)] Most of the secrets of the Noahic Word — of the wisdoms, gnostic knowledges, and witnessings — are not unveiled except to one whose spirit ascends to the celestial sphere of the Sun, for Noah is the name of the Sun, since it is the lofty locus that is the origin of the Pole (quṭb) and the source of his descent [into manifestation], and from the light of its spirituality comes his sustaining support. Al-Tanazzulāt al-Mawṣiliyya is a book among his [the author's] compositions, of exalted worth, in which he mentioned the Noahic secrets and the spiritual descents pertaining to the rest of the prophets and saints.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ومن أراد أن يقف على أسرار نوح، فعليه بالترقي في فلك يوح﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( يوح )، بالياء والواو الساكنة والحاء، هي (الشمس). وإنما أحال الطالب السالك بالترقي إلى فلك الشمس. لأن الغالب على أملاك فلكها التنزيه. و روحانية فلك الشمس قلب عالم الأرواح المنزهة، فحصلت المناسبة بينهما

(Yūḥ), with yāʾ, a quiescent wāw, and ḥāʾ, is (the Sun). He directed the seeking wayfarer to ascend to the sphere of the sun because what predominates over the angels of its sphere is transcendence (tanzīh). And the spirituality of the sun's sphere is the heart of the world of transcendent spirits, hence there is a correspondence between the two.

Ibn Turka

﴿ومن أراد أن يقف على أسرار نوح﴾

وتفاصيل حكمه

and the details of his wisdom

Jāmī

﴿ومن أراد أن يقف على أسرار نوح﴾

عليه السلام وحكمته المنطوية في كلمته

peace be upon him, and his wisdom folded within his Word

Bālī Zāde

﴿ومن أراد أن يقف بتمامه على أسرار نوح عليه السلام فعليه بالترقي في فلك نوح﴾

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وهي الشمس . (وهو) أي الوقوف على أسرار نوح عليه السلام أو فلك نوح مذكور (في النزلات الموصلية لنا) فإن ما ذكرته من أسراره ثم لم يذكر ههنا

— which is the sun. (And this) — i.e., standing upon the mysteries of Noah, upon him peace, or the sphere of Noah mentioned — (is [treated] in al-Nazalāt al-Mawṣiliyya, [a work] of ours) — for what I have mentioned of his mysteries has not been mentioned here further

Ibn Turka

﴿فعليه بالرقي في فلك نوح﴾

يعني فلك الشمس

meaning the sphere of the sun

Jāmī

﴿فعليه بالرقاء في فلك يوح وهو﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي بيان أكثر أسرار نوح ووجه توقف انکشافها على الرقي في فلك يوح مذكور

i.e., the clarification of most of the secrets of Noah, and the reason why their disclosure depends upon ascending in the ark of Yūḥ is mentioned

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهو في التنزلات الموصلية لنا، والسلام﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، الوقوف عليها وبيانها مذكور في كتاب التنزلات الموصلية. فإنه بين هناك وجه المناسبة بينهما، وكشف بعض أسراره الذي لم يذكره هاهنا. والله أعلم بالصواب.ٍ

in al-Tanazzulāt al-Mawṣiliyya, from us, and peace] That is, standing upon these matters and their exposition is mentioned in the book al-Tanazzulāt al-Mawṣiliyya, for there the aspect of correspondence between the two is explained, and some of its secrets not mentioned here are disclosed. And God knows best what is correct.

Ibn Turka

﴿وهو في التنزّلات الموصليّة لنا - والسّلام﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإنّه قال فيها : « اعلم أنّ فلك الولاية هو الفلك الأعظم المحيط الأتمّ العقلي وفلك النبوّة هو الفلك الأتمّ النفسي ، وفلك الرسالة هو الفلك القريب الهيولاني ، وفلك الجهل هو فلك الزحل ، وفلك العلم هو الفلك المشتري ، وفلك الشك هو الفلك المرّيخي ، وفلك النظر هو الفلك الشمسي ، وفلك الظنّ هو الفلك الزهري ، وفلك التقليد هو الفلك العطاردي ، وفلك الايمان هو الفلك القمري " . وقال في موضع آخر منها: « لمّا طلب عقلي الرئاسة على العقول والتقديم قرع بهمّته باب القديم ، فنزل إليه الروح ،ملتفّا في بردة يوح » إلى هنا كلامه. وتحقيق ذلك أنّ النظر العقليّ موطن التمييز الذي هو عبارة عن ستره الأعيان بصورها الخاصة الظاهرة بها عند المدارك ، المخفية إيّاها في المشاهد ، كما أن الشمس هي المظهرة للمحسوسات بصورها الكونيّة ، المخفية للأعيان بصورها الوجوديّة ، ولما كان لنوح نوع اختصاص بهذا الموطن الإظهاري النظري قال : " رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوالِدَيَّ وَلِمَنْ دَخَلَ بَيْتِيَ مُؤْمِناً وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِناتِ وَلا تَزِدِ الظَّالِمِينَ إِلَّا تَباراً " [ 71 / 28 ] حسبما مرّ من التأويل . وذلك لأنّ النظر العقليّ وإن كان موطن الحصر والتنزّل ، ولكن إذا ايّد بالقوّة القدسيّة السماويّة التي للأنبياء صار بجمعيّته للطرفين معدن الكمالات الحقيقيّة . وفي طيّ عبارته من جمعيّة الترقّي والتنزّل إشارة إليه - فلا تغفل . ثمّ هاهنا تلويح حرفيّ لا يبعد ذلك من قصد الشيخ في هذا التعبير ، وهو أن التركيب من الواو والحاء الذي هو صورة الوجه الباقي وفيه لسان الوحي الذي منه وصول الأنبياء إلى بساط الاستكمال والتكميل . قد ابتني ذلك في الكلمة النوحيّة ، على ما هو أقصى نهاية التنزلات العشريّة الشعوريّة ، كما أنّه في « يوح » قد ابتنى على مبدأ تلك المرتبة . وأمّا في « الروح » فقد ابتني على ما ترقى مرتبة أخرى في أمر الإظهار ، وهي المترتّبة على القدرة والاختيار ، كما لا يخفى على الواقف بالأصول الإحصائيّة

for he said therein: "Know that the sphere of sainthood (walāya) is the greatest all-encompassing, most complete intelligible sphere; the sphere of prophethood (nubuwwa) is the most complete psychic sphere; the sphere of messengership (risāla) is the near hylic sphere; the sphere of ignorance is the sphere of Saturn; the sphere of knowledge is the sphere of Jupiter; the sphere of doubt is the sphere of Mars; the sphere of speculative reflection is the sphere of the Sun; the sphere of conjecture is the sphere of Venus; the sphere of imitation (taqlīd) is the sphere of Mercury; and the sphere of faith is the sphere of the Moon." And he said elsewhere therein: "When my intellect sought headship over the intellects and precedence, it knocked with its aspiration upon the door of the Eternal, whereupon the Spirit descended to it, wrapped in the mantle of Yūḥ (yūḥā)." Thus far his words. The verification of this is that intellectual speculation (al-naẓar al-ʿaqlī) is the abode of differentiation (tamyīz), which is an expression for its concealment of the entities (aʿyān) by their particular forms manifest through it to the perceptive faculties, while hiding them in the witnessed loci — just as the sun is what manifests sensible things by their cosmic forms while hiding the entities by their existential forms. And since Noah had a particular specialization in this speculative, manifesting abode, he said: "My Lord, forgive me and my parents and whoever enters my house as a believer, and the believing men and believing women, and do not increase the wrongdoers except in ruin" [71/28], according to what has preceded in interpretation. This is because intellectual speculation, though it is the abode of confinement (ḥaṣr) and descent (tanazzul), yet when it is reinforced by the holy heavenly power belonging to the prophets, it becomes, through its comprehensiveness (jamʿiyya) of the two sides, the mine of true perfections. And folded within his expression is an indication of the comprehensiveness of ascent and descent — so do not be heedless of it. Then here there is a letter-based hint (talwīḥ ḥarfī) — not far from being part of the Shaykh's intent in this expression — namely that the composition from the wāw and the ḥāʾ, which is the form of the enduring Face, and in which is the tongue of revelation (waḥy) through which the prophets attain to the carpet of perfecting and being perfected — this has been built into the Noahic Word (al-kalima al-nūḥiyya), inasmuch as it represents the furthest extremity of the ten sensory/perceptual descents (al-tanazzulāt al-ʿashariyya al-shuʿūriyya), just as in "Yūḥ" it is built upon the starting-point of that level. As for in "al-Rūḥ," it is built upon what ascends to another level in the matter of manifestation, namely the level consequent upon power and choice (al-qudra wa-l-ikhtiyār), as will not be hidden from one versed in the enumerative foundations (al-uṣūl al-iḥṣāʾiyya).

Jāmī

﴿في كتاب التنزلات الموصلية لنا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال بعض الشارحين : هو کتاب جليل القدر فلتطلب الأسرار النوحية منه والسلام علی من اتبع الهدی واجتنب عن أن يتطرق إليه الضلالة والردي. إذا ظهر عليه الحق فيما سمع وأقبل عليه بالقبول والإذعان والأسرار إلى بقعة الإمكان. انتهي الفص النوحي

Some commentators said: it is a book of great worth, so let the Noahic secrets be sought from it. And peace be upon whoever follows guidance and is kept safe from being led astray into error and ruin, when the Real becomes manifest to him in what he hears, and he approaches it with acceptance and submission, and the secrets [return] to the locus of possibility. The Faṣṣ of Noah is completed.

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.