Mashrabaمشربة

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One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ سُبُّوحِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ نُوحِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶4 in the text

4 · 90 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

وَمَنْ جَمَعَ فِي مَعْرِفَتِهِ بَيْنَ التَّنْزِيهِ وَالتَّشْبِيهِ وَوَصَفَهُ بِالوَصْفَيْنِ عَلَى الإِجْمَالِ لِأَنَّهُ يَسْتَحِيلُ ذَلكَ عَلَى التَّفْصِيلِ لِعَدَمِ الإِحَاطَةِ بِمَا فِي العَالَمِ مِنَ الصُّوَرِ فَقَدْ عَرَفَهُ مُجْمَلًا لَا عَلَى التَّفْصِيلِ كَمَا عَرَفَ نَفْسَهُ مُجْمَلًا لَا عَلَى التَّفْصِيلِ وَلِذَلكَ رَبَطَ النَّبِيُّ صلى اللهُ عليهِ وسلَّمَ مَعْرِفَةَ الحَقِّ بِمَعْرِفَةِ النَّفْسِ فَقَالَ مَنْ عَرَفَ نَفْسَهُ عَرَفَ رَبَّهُ وَقَالَ سَنُرِيهِمْ ءَايَـٰتِنَا فِى ٱلْـَٔافَاقِ وَهُوَ مَا خَرَجَ عَنكَ وَفِىٓ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَهُوَ عَيْنُكَ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَيْ النَّاظِرُ أَنَّهُ ٱلْحَقُّ مِنْ حَيْثُ إِنَّكَ صُورَتُهُ وَهُوَ رُوحُكَ فَأَنْتَ لَهُ كَالصُّورَةِ الجسمية لَكَ وَهُوَ لَكَ كَالرُّوحِ المُدَبِّرِ لِصُورَةِ جَسَدِكَ

And whoever joins together, in his knowledge [of Him], declaring incomparability and declaring similarity, and describes Him by both descriptions in summary fashion – since that is impossible in detail, owing to the lack of encompassment of the forms that are in the cosmos – has known Him in summary, not in detail, just as he has known himself in summary, not in detail. For this reason the Prophet (God bless him and give him peace) tied knowledge of the Real to knowledge of the self, saying: "Whoever knows himself knows his Lord." And He said: "We shall show them Our signs upon the horizons" [Q 41:53] – and that is what is outside of you – "and in their own selves" [Q 41:53] – and that is your very self (ʿayn) – "until it becomes clear to them" [Q 41:53] – that is, to the one who looks – "that He is the Real" [Q 41:53], inasmuch as you are His form and He is your spirit. So you are to Him like the bodily form is to you, and He is to you like the spirit governing the form of your body.

On the whole passage · 1 of 7

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿نفسه مجملا لا على التفصيل. و لذلك ربط النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم معرفة الحق بمعرفة النفس فقال: «من عرف نفسه عرف ربه». و قال تعالى: «سنريهم آياتنا في الآفاق» وهو ما خرج عنك «و في أنفسهم» و هو عينك، «حتى يتبين لهم» أي للناظر «أنه الحق» من حيث إنك صورته و هو روحك. فأنت له كالصورة الجسمية لك، و هو لك كالروح المدبر لصورة جسدك.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

كان المراد أعم

the more general meaning was intended

al-Qāshānī

﴿ومن جمع في معرفته بين التنزيه والتشبيه ووصفه بالوصفين على الإجمال﴾

بأن قال هو المنزه عن جميع التعينات بحقيقته الواحدة التي هو بها أحد المشبه بكل شيء ، باعتبار ظهوره في صورته وتجليه في صورة كل متعين على الإجمال

, between tanzīh and tashbīh, and describes Him with both descriptions in summary (ijmāl)] — that is, by saying: He is incomparable with respect to all determinations, by virtue of His one reality by which He is One (aḥad); [and] He is similar to everything, with respect to His manifestation in [each] form and His self-disclosure (tajallī) in the form of every determined thing, in a general/summary way.

Jāmī

﴿ومن جمع في معرفته بين التنزيه والتشبيه له﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ونزل كلا منزلته ( وصفه) . أى الحق تعالى (بالوصفين) ، أي التنزيه والتشبيه

and gives each its proper due (describing Him) — that is, the Real, exalted is He — (with the two attributes) — that is, tanzīh and tashbīh

Bālī Zāde

﴿ومن جمع في معرفته﴾

أي في معرفة الحق (بین التشبيه والتنزيه ووصفه بالوصفين) أي التنزيه والتشبيه

i.e., in knowledge of the Real (tashbīh and tanzīh, and describes Him with both descriptions) i.e., tanzīh and tashbīh

Ibn Turka

﴿بالوصفين على الإجمال لأنّه يستحيل ذلك على التفصيل ، لعدم الإحاطة بما في العالم من الصور﴾

حتّى يتمكَّن من مشاهدته في كلّ واحد مفصّل

such that one could be capable of witnessing Him in each and every particular in a detailed way,

Jāmī

﴿على الإجمال﴾

بأن قال : وهو المنزه عن جميع التعيينات بحقيقته الواحدة التي هو بها أحد والمشبه بكل شيء باعتبار ظهوره في صورته وتجليه في كل متعين . وإنما قال على الإجمال

by saying: He is incomparable with respect to all determinations by virtue of His single reality by which He is One, and He is similar to everything by virtue of His manifestation in its form and His self-disclosure in every determined thing. He said "summarily" only

Bālī Zāde

﴿على الإجمال﴾

وإنما قال على الإجمالي

he said "in summary fashion" specifically

al-Qāshānī

﴿لأنه يستحيل ذلك على التفصيل لعدم الإحاطة بما في العالم من الصور ، فقد عرفه مجملا لا على التفصيل كما عرف نفسه مجملا لا على التفصيل﴾

لأنك تعلم أنك واحد وتعبر عن حقيقتك بأنا ، وتضيف كل جزء من أجزائك على الإجمال إلى حقيقتك . فتقول : عينى وأذنى وبصرى إلى آخر أجزائك . وتعلم أنك المدرك بالسمع والبصر ، فأنت غير جزء من أجزائك الظاهرة والباطنة ، وأنت الظاهر في صورة كل جزء منك بحيث لو قطعت علاقتك عنها لم يبق واحد منها وتغيب عن كل جزء منك على التفصيل ولا تغيب عن ذاتك قط ، فلا تغيب عن جزء ما من أجزائك على الإجمال

For you know that you are one, and you express your reality by saying "I," and you ascribe every part of your parts, in summary, to your reality — so you say: "my eye," "my ear," "my sight," and so on through the rest of your parts. And you know that you are the one who perceives by hearing and sight, so you are other than any single one of your manifest and nonmanifest parts, while you are the manifest one in the form of every part of you, such that if your relation to them were cut off, not one of them would remain. You are absent from every part of you taken in detail, but you are never absent from your Essence (dhāt) at all — so you are not absent from any of your parts taken in summary.

Jāmī

﴿لأنه يستحيل ذلك﴾

أي وصفه بألوصفين

that is, describing Him with both attributes

Bālī Zāde

﴿لأنه يستحيل ذلك﴾

أي التوصيف بالوصفين

i.e., to describe Him with both descriptions

Jāmī

﴿على التفصيل﴾

لأن وصف التفصيل إنما يتيسر باعتبار معرفة تفاصيل صور العالم وليس ذلك مما تفي به القوة البشرية

because a detailed description would only be possible through knowledge of the details of the forms of the cosmos in their entirety, and this is not something human capacity can encompass

Bālī Zāde

﴿على التفصيل لعدم الإحاطة بما في العالم من الصور فقد عرفه مجملا لا على التفصيل كما عرف نفسه مجملا لا على التفصيل﴾

فما أمكن للإنسان في مقام توصیف الحق بالوصفين من العلوم إلا العلم الإجمالي. (ولذلك) أي ولأجل كون الجمع بين التنزيه والتشبيه والوصف بهما سببا لمعرفة الله تعالى لا غير

for it is not possible for the human being, in the station of describing the Real with both descriptions, [to attain] anything of knowledge except summary knowledge. (Hence) i.e., because combining tanzīh and tashbīh, and describing [God] with both, is the [sole] cause of the knowledge of God, Exalted, and nothing else

Jāmī

﴿لعدم الإحاطة … بما في العالم من الصور﴾

لكثرتها بحيث لا تدخل تحت الإحاطة إن كان المراد الصور الموجودة بالفعل، ولعدم تناهيها إن قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

on account of their multiplicity, such that they do not fall under comprehension if what is meant is the forms actually existing, and on account of their non-finitude if the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, meant

Ibn Turka

﴿فقد عرفه مجملا ، لا على التفصيل ، كما عرف نفسه مجملا ، لا على التفصيل﴾

إذ الإحاطة بما انطوى عليه ظاهرها - من القوى الجسمانيّة وآلاتها وأفعالها وباطنها من القوى الروحانيّة وأطوارها ومقاماتها مما لا يمكن إلَّا على ضرب من الإجمال

since encompassing what is enfolded within his manifest aspect — of corporeal faculties, their instruments and their acts — and within his nonmanifest aspect — of spiritual faculties, their states and stations — is possible only in a certain summary, general fashion.

Jāmī

﴿فقد عرفه﴾

أي الحق سبحانه

that is, the Real, glory be to Him

Words 26–29 · 1 of 7

مُجْمَلًا لَا عَلَى التَّفْصِيلِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿مجملا لا على التفصيل كما عرف نفسه … مجملا لا على التفصيل﴾

لعدم الإحاطة المذكورة. فإن مرتبة الإنسانية الكمالية مشتملة أيضا على جميع صور العالم . (ولذلك) الاشتمال

because of the absence of the aforementioned comprehensiveness (iḥāṭa). For the rank of perfective humanity (al-insāniyya al-kamāliyya) also comprises all the forms of the world. (And that) comprehensiveness

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولذلك ربط النبي صلى الله عليه وسلَّم معرفة الحق بمعرفة النفس ، فقال « من عرف نفسه فقد عرف ربه »﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإن الحقيقة التي تعبر عنها بأنا هو الرب في الكل إذا لم تتقيد بتعينك وغيره إذا قيدته فلم تكن غيرا إلا من حيث التقيد . وهو أيضا من حيث التقيد المعين هو جميع التقيدات لا بدونها فإنه هو المتقيد بجميع التقيدات ألا ترى إلى قوله : " وما رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ ولكِنَّ الله رَمى " فسلب الرمي عنه لأنه بدون الله لا شيء محض فلا يكون راميا ، وأثبت الرمي له باعتبار أنه هو ، بل هو الظاهر بصورته حتى وجد فرمى ولذلك قال " ولكِنَّ الله رَمى " قال رضي الله عنه : ( وقال تعالى " سَنُرِيهِمْ آياتِنا " أي صفاتنا " في الآفاقِ " وهو ما خرج عنك ) باعتبار كون تعيناتها غير تعينك

For the reality which is expressed by [the words] "I am He," the Lord in everything, when it is not restricted by your entification (taʿayyun) — while [as] "other," if you restrict it, is not truly other except from the aspect of restriction. And likewise, from the aspect of the specific restriction, He is all the restrictions, not without them, for He is the One restricted by all the restrictions. Do you not see His saying: "You did not throw when you threw, but God threw"? He negated the throwing from him [the Prophet] because, without God, he is pure nothingness and thus cannot be a thrower; yet He affirmed the throwing for him by considering that he is He — rather, He is the manifest one (al-ẓāhir) in his form, until he came to exist and thus threw. That is why He said, "but God threw." He, may God be pleased with him, said: (And the Exalted said, "We shall show them Our signs" — that is, Our attributes — "in the horizons," that is, what is outside of you) — in consideration of their entifications (taʿayyunāt) being other than your own entification.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ولذلك ربط النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، معرفة الحق بمعرفة النفس فقال: "من عرف نفسه فقد عرف ربه".﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، ولكون النفس الإنسانية مشتملة على جميع المراتب الكونية والإلهية، والحق أيضا مشتمل عليها بحسب ظهوراته فيها،وما يعرف العارف نفسه غالبا إلا مجملا كما لا يعلم مراتب ربه إلا مجملا، ربط النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، معرفة الرب بمعرفة النفس. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (وقال تعالى: (سنريهم آياتنا في الآفاق) وهو ما خرج عنك

That is, because the human self comprises all the cosmic and divine ranks, and the Real likewise comprises them according to His manifestations within them, and the knower usually knows his own self only in summary, just as he knows the ranks of his Lord only in summary — the Prophet, God bless him and grant him peace, linked knowledge of the Lord to knowledge of the self. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (The Exalted said: "We shall show them Our signs in the horizons" — that is, what lies outside you

Ibn Turka

﴿ولذلك ربط النبيّ عليه السّلام معرفة الحقّ بمعرفة النفس فقال : « من عرف نفسه فقد عرف ربّه »﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وهذا غاية الإجمال حتّى أن الوصفين فيه مجمل . وأمّا ما يدلّ على ضرب من التفصيل فما أفصح عنه التنزيل الكريم . وإليه أشار بقوله : ( وقال تعالى : " سَنُرِيهِمْ آياتِنا " ) أي ما يدلّ على أحديّة جمع الحقّ ، بجمعيّته الإحاطيّة الأسمائيّة

This is the utmost summariness, to the point that the two descriptions in it are themselves summary. As for what indicates a kind of elaboration, it is what the noble Revelation has made explicit. To this he alluded by saying: (And the Exalted said: "We shall show them Our signs") - i.e., what indicates the oneness-in-multiplicity (aḥadiyyat al-jamʿ) of the Real, through His all-comprehensive Names-encompassing comprehensiveness (jamʿiyya).

Jāmī

﴿ربط النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم معرفة الحق سبحانه بمعرفة النفس﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

و جعل معرفة الحق مسببة عن معرفة النفس

and he made knowledge of the Real caused by knowledge of the self

Bālī Zāde

﴿ربط النبي معرفة الحق بمعرفة النفس. فقال "من عرف نفسه فقد عرف ربه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لأن باطن النفس الإنسانية تنزيه لكونه مخلوقا على صفة الله تعالی و ظاهرها تشبیه فمن جمع في معرفة نفسه بينهما ووصف نفسه بهما فقد جمع في معرفة ربه بينهما ووصف ربه بهما ونال بمعرفة نفسه درجة الكمال في العلم بالله تعالى. قال رضي الله عنه : (وقال الله تعالى) أي ولأجل هذا قال الله تعالى: "سنريهم آياتنا "[فصلت: 33] .أي دلائلنا لهم على معرفتن

for the inward (bāṭin) of the human self is tanzīh, since it is created upon the attribute of God, Exalted, while its outward (ẓāhir) is tashbīh. So whoever combines both in knowing his own self, and describes his self with both, has thereby combined both in knowing his Lord, and describes his Lord with both, and attains, through knowledge of his self, the degree of perfection in the knowledge of God, Exalted. He, may God be pleased with him, said: (And God, Exalted, said)—i.e., and for this reason God, Exalted, said: "We shall show them Our signs" [Fuṣṣilat 41:53]—i.e., Our proofs, [showing them] for their knowledge of Us

Jāmī

﴿فقال : من عرف نفسه فقد عرف ربه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

) . وكذلك الاشتمال أيضا سوى الحق سبحانه بين إراءتها آياته في الآفاق وبين إراءتها في الأنفس وجعل كلا منها سبة في إفادة معرفته . وقال تعالى: "سنريهم آياتنا في الآفاق" آية 53 سورة فصلت. أي صور تجلياتنا في الأكوان (وهو) ، أي الآفاق

. And likewise, in this comprehensiveness the Real, glory be to Him, made equal the showing of His signs in the horizons and the showing of them in the selves, making each of them a means (sabab) of affording knowledge of Him. And He, Exalted, said: "We shall show them Our signs in the horizons" (Q. 41:53), i.e., the forms of Our self-disclosures (tajalliyāt) in the cosmos. (And it is), i.e., the horizons

Words 57–58 · 2 of 7

فِى ٱلْـَٔافَاقِ

Ibn Turka

﴿" في الآفاقِ"﴾

أي في أطراف محيط الاعتدال الكمالي الإنساني

i.e., in the extremities of the encompassing circle of human perfective equilibrium (iʿtidāl).

Bālī Zāde

﴿في الآفاق﴾

وهو راجع إلى الآفاق باعتبار كل فرد . أي كل فرد فرد من الآفاق أو باعتبار ما بعده ما خرج عنك

this refers to the horizons considered with respect to each individual thing—i.e., each individual thing among the horizons—or with respect to what follows: what is external to you

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهو ما خرج﴾

عائد إلى (الآفاق). ذكره تغليبا للخبر وهو (ما) وضمير

refers back to "the horizons" (al-āfāq), mentioned by way of giving precedence to the predicate, which is "mā" (what). And the pronoun in

Ibn Turka

﴿وهو ما خرج عنك﴾

أي عن مركز الاعتدال النوعي

i.e., outside the center-point of specific (nawʿī) equilibrium.

Jāmī

﴿ما خرج عنك﴾

أي صوره. إذ لا خارج عنك معنی يخاطب كل واحد تنبيها على أن نفس من عدا كل نفس داخلة في الآفاق بالنسبة إليه. وأفرد الضمير وذكر نظرة إلى الخبر أو بناء على أن معنى الجمعية غير مقصودة وكذا الحال في قوله

i.e., its forms, since there is nothing outside you — a meaning addressed to each individual, alerting that the self of every other is, relative to it, included among the horizons. He put the pronoun in the singular, having regard to the predicate, or on the ground that the meaning of plurality was not intended; and likewise the case in His saying

al-Qāshānī

﴿" وفي أَنْفُسِهِمْ " - وهو عينك﴾

الذي ظهر فيك بصفاته وإلا لم توجد

which appeared in you through His attributes, for otherwise you would not exist.

al-Jandī

﴿وَفي أَنْفُسِهِمْ … حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ … أَنَّه ُ الْحَقُّ﴾

أي من حيث إنّك صورته وهو روحك . فأنت له كالصورة الجسمية لك ، وهو لك كالروح المدبّر لصورة جسدك ، والحدّ يشمل الظاهر والباطن منك ، فإنّ الصورة الباقية إذا زال عنها الروح المدبّر لها ، لم يبق إنسانا ، ولكن يقال فيها : إنّها صورة تشبه صورة الإنسان ، فلا فرق بينها وبين صورة من خشب أو حجارة ، ولا ينطلق عليها اسم إنسان إلَّا بالمجاز لا بالحقيقة " . قال العبد : معرفة العبد ربّه من معرفة نفسه على وجهين : أحدهما : معرفة النظير . والثاني : معرفة النقيض فيعرف ربّه بالكمالات الحاصلة فيه بأنّه للحق على الوجه الأكمل الأحقّ ، ويعرف أيضا بنقائض ما هو عليه من النقائص ، وسلب جميع ما هو عليه من صفات النقص عن الجناب الإلهي . وهذا أيضا معرفة مجملة بالربّ ، حاصلة من معرفة مجملة أيضا كذلك بالنفس ، فكما لم يعرف النفس على التفصيل ، كذلك لم يعرف الحق على التفصيل ، وإنّما لم يعرف نفسه على التفصيل ، لأنّه على صورة ربّه ، وصورة العالم ، وكلّ واحد منهما غير متناهي التفصيل ، فالمعرفة التفصيلية تستحيل إلَّا ما شاء الله العليم القدير. ولهذا ربط رسول الله صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم معرفة الربّ بمعرفة النفس ، لأنّ الإنسان الذي هو أحدية جمع جمع الجميع ، إذا علم حقائق نفسه ، روحانيّها وطبيعيّها مع قواها ولوازمها ولوازم لوازمها وعوارضها ولواحقها على التفصيل أو على الإجمال ، كانت معرفته بربّه كذلك . فقال : " سَنُرِيهِمْ آياتِنا في الآفاقِ " وهو ما خرج عنك ظاهرا ، إذ لا خارج عنك معنى "وَفي أَنْفُسِهِمْ" ". وهو عينهم التي هي صور أحدية جمع الآيات كلَّها . والمعرفة الحقيقية بالربّ إنّما تكون بالجمع بين المعرفة بالآيات الإلهية في الصور الآفاقية التفصيلية في جميع عوالم الفرق والتفصيل ، وبين المعرفة بأحدية جمع الآيات الأحدية الجمعية التي في الصور الإنسانية ، فإنّ الله خلق آدم على صورة الله تعالى ، وخلق العالم على صورة الإنسان ، فالعالم هو الإنسان الكبير صورة لا معنى والإنسان هو العالم الصغير صورة لا معنى ، والعالم هو الإنسان الصغير معنى الكبير صورة ، والإنسان هو العالم الكبير معنى الصغير صورة ، فافهم . فالمعرفة الحقيقية في الجمع بين المعرفة التفصيلية الآفاقية وبين المعرفة الأحدية الجمعية ، والجامعة بين معرفة الجمع والتفصيل ، ومن رأى الآيات الربانية المفصّلة في العالم ، علم أنّ له ربّا عليما بحقائقه ، حكيما بأوضاعه وترتيبه في درج مراتب أصله ودقائقه ، ثم رأى من كل آية من تلك الآيات التفصيلية أنموذجا في نفسه . فرأى في نفسه أحدية جمع تلك الآيات كلَّها ، فيرى ربّه قد استوى على عرش مظهرية الأحدية الجمعية الكمالية استواء أحديّا جمعيا قرآنيا ، واستوى على عرش مظهرية العالم ، استواء تفصيليا فرقانيا ، فتبيّن له أنّه الحق القيّوم بصورتك وصورة العالم بصورتك وهو روح الكلّ وروح روح العالم ، وهو أنت . فأنت للحق ومنه بمجموع ظاهرك وباطنك وأحدية جمعك كالصورة الجسمانية لك من حيث ما يقوم بمصالحها وتربيتها ، وهو لك كالروح المدبّر لصورتك ، فإنّه مدبّرك بحقائق ذاته وصفاته وتوالي فيضه وتجلَّياته ، كما أنّ روحك يدبّر بإذن الله جثمانك بقواها الباطنة والظاهرة . وكما أنّ روح العالم وهو الإنسان الكامل مدبّر العالم ، وهو صورته التفصيلية ، وصورة ربوبيّة الربّ للعالمين عين صورة ربوبيّته لك ، وبك يدبّر العالم ويدبّرك ، كما يدبّر روحك جسمانيّتك ، وحدّ الإنسان يشمل ظاهره وباطنه ، لأنّ الحق في مشرب التقحيق الأتمّ والكشف الأخصّ الأعمّ باطنك وهويّتك ، وأنت صورته . لذلك يجب للمحقّق أن يأخذ الحق في كل حدّ لكل محدود ، وهو المعتبر في مشرب الكمال وإلَّا فليس بحدّ كامل ، بل هو الحدّ المتعارف بين حكماء الرسوم ، حدّ لحجابيات الأعيان لا غير ، فافهم إن كنت تفهم ، وإلَّا فاسكت ، فليس تمسك فادرج إلى غيره ، والله المستعان . والدليل على أنّ الحدّ يجب أن يكون شاملا للظاهر والباطن أنّ الصورة الإنسانية إذا زال عنها الروح لا يصحّ أن يقال فيها : إنسان ، بل صورة إنسانية ، فلا فرق بينها وبين صورة إنسانية من خشب أو غيره ، وإن أطلق عليها اسم الإنسان فبالمجاز لا بالحقيقة ، فكذلك إن لم يشمل الحدّ للحق الذي هو لك كالروح المدبّر لجسمك ، لم يكن حدّا كاملا . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : « وصور العالم لا يمكن زوال الحق عنها أصلا ، فحدّ الألوهة له بالحقيقة لا بالمجاز كما هو حد الإنسان إذا كان حيّا . وكما أنّ ظاهر صورة الإنسان تثني بلسانها على روحها ونفسها فالمدبّر لها ، كذلك جعل الله صورة العالم يسبّح بحمده ولكن لا نفقة تسبيحهم ، لأنّا لا نحيط بما في العالم من الصورة). قال رضي الله عنه

That is, from the standpoint that you are His form and He is your spirit. So you are to Him as the bodily form is to you, and He is to you as the spirit that governs your bodily form. The definition (ḥadd) encompasses both your manifest and nonmanifest [aspects], for the remaining form, when the spirit governing it departs, is no longer a human being; rather one says of it: "it is a form resembling the form of a human being," so there is no difference between it and a form of wood or stone, and the name "human" is not applied to it except metaphorically, not in reality. The servant [i.e., the author] says: The servant's knowledge of his Lord through knowledge of himself is of two kinds: one is knowledge by analogy (naẓīr), and the other is knowledge by opposition (naqīḍ). He knows his Lord by the perfections found within himself, [knowing] that they belong to the Real in the most complete and most rightful manner, and he also knows Him by the opposites of the deficiencies he has, negating from the Divine Presence all the attributes of deficiency he possesses. This too is a summary (mujmal) knowledge of the Lord, arising likewise from a summary knowledge of the self. Just as he does not know the self in detail, so too he does not know the Real in detail. And the reason he does not know himself in detail is that he is upon the form of his Lord and the form of the world, and each of these two is infinite in detail, so detailed knowledge [of them] is impossible except for what God—the Knowing, the Powerful—wills. For this reason the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) linked knowledge of the Lord to knowledge of the self, because the human being, who is the oneness comprising the totality of all things (aḥadiyyat jamʿ jamʿ al-jamīʿ), when he knows the realities of his own self—its spiritual and natural [aspects], along with its faculties, its concomitants, the concomitants of its concomitants, its accidents and appendages—whether in detail or in summary, his knowledge of his Lord will be likewise. Thus He said: "We will show them Our signs in the horizons"—that is, what is manifest outside of you, though in meaning there is nothing outside of you—"and in themselves"—that is, in their very entity (ʿayn), which is the form of the oneness comprising all the signs together. True knowledge of the Lord comes only through combining knowledge of the divine signs in the detailed horizonal forms in all the worlds of differentiation and detail, with knowledge of the oneness comprising the unitary signs found in the human form. For God created Adam upon the form of God, Most High, and created the world upon the form of the human being. So the world is the Great Human in form but not in meaning, and the human being is the Small World in form but not in meaning; the world is the Small Human in meaning though Great in form, and the human being is the Great World in meaning though small in form—so understand. True knowledge, then, lies in combining detailed horizonal knowledge with unitary comprehensive knowledge, joining knowledge of the [comprehensive] totality with knowledge of detail. Whoever sees the detailed divine signs in the world knows that he has a Lord who is Knowing of its realities, Wise in its arrangement and ordering within the ranks of its origin and its subtleties. Then he sees, from each of those detailed signs, a model (unmūdhaj) within himself, and he sees within himself the oneness comprising all those signs together. Thus he sees that his Lord has established Himself upon the throne of the locus of manifestation of unitary comprehensive perfection, a unitary comprehensive "Qurʾanic" establishment (istiwāʾ), and has [also] established Himself upon the throne of the locus of manifestation of the world, a detailed "Furqānic" establishment. Thus it becomes clear to him that He is the Real, the Self-Subsisting, by your form and the form of the world—by your form—and He is the spirit of the whole and the spirit of the spirit of the world, and He is you. So you are to the Real, and from Him, in the totality of your manifest and nonmanifest [aspects] and your unitary comprehensiveness, like the bodily form is to you insofar as He sustains its welfare and nurture; and He is to you like the spirit that governs your form, for He governs you through the realities of His Essence and His attributes and the succession of His effusion and self-disclosures, just as your spirit governs, by God's permission, your body through its inward and outward faculties. And just as the spirit of the world—which is the Perfect Human—governs the world, [the world] being his detailed form, and the form of the Lord's lordship over the worlds is the very form of His lordship over you, and through you He governs the world and governs you, just as your spirit governs your corporeal form. The definition of the human being encompasses both his manifest and nonmanifest [aspects], because the Real, in the school of the most complete realization (taḥqīq) and the most specific-yet-general unveiling, is your nonmanifest [aspect] and your identity (huwiyya), and you are His form. Therefore the realizer (muḥaqqiq) must take the Real into account in every definition of every defined thing—this is what is considered in the school of perfection; otherwise it is not a complete definition, but rather the definition familiar among the philosophers of formal categories (ḥukamāʾ al-rusūm), a definition [that applies only] to the veiling aspects of the entities, nothing more. So understand, if you are able to understand; if not, be silent, for there is nothing to hold onto—move on to something else. God is the One whose aid is sought. The proof that the definition must encompass both the manifest and the nonmanifest is that when the spirit departs from the human form, it cannot rightly be called "a human being," but rather "a human form," and there is then no difference between it and a human form made of wood or otherwise; and if the name "human" is applied to it, it is metaphorical, not real. Likewise, if the definition does not encompass the Real, who is to you like the spirit governing your body, it is not a complete definition. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: "The forms of the world can never possibly be devoid of the Real at all, so the definition of divinity applies to Him in reality, not metaphorically—unlike the definition of the human being, [which applies in reality only] when he is alive. And just as the outward form of the human being praises, with its tongue, its spirit and self, which governs it, so too God has made the form of the world glorify Him with praise—though we do not encompass [in understanding] their glorification, for we do not comprehend all that is in the world of form." He, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وفي أنفسهم … حتى يتبين لهم﴾

أي،للناظرين لهم

that is, to those who look upon them

﴿وفي أنفسهم﴾

أي، أعيانهم و ذواتهم

that is, their entities (aʿyān) and their essences (dhawāt)

al-Tilimsānī

﴿وفي أنفسهم … حتى يتبين لهم … أنه الحق﴾

(فصلت: 53) من حيث أنك صورته وهو روحك . فأنت له كالصورة الجسمية لك، وهو لك كالروح المدير الصورة جسدك. والحد يشمل الظاهر والباطن منك، فإن الصورة الباقية إذا زال عنها الروح المدير لها لم تبق إنسانا. ولكن يقال فيها: إنها صورة تشبه صورة الإنسان " جسد أو جثة "، فلا فرق بينها وبين صورة من خشب أو حجارة. ولا ينطلق عليها اسم الإنسان إلا بالمجاز لا بالحقيقة. قلت: جميع هذا الفصل ظاهر لا يحتاج إلى شرح قوله: وصور العالم لا يمكن زوال الحق عنها أصلا فحد الألوهية له بالحقيقة لا بالمجاز كما هو حد الإنسان إذا كان حيا. وكما أن ظاهر صورة الإنسان تثنی بلسانها على روحها ونفسها والمدبر لها، كذلك جعل الله صورة العالم تسبح بحمده ولكن لا نفقه تسبيحهم لأنا لا نحيط بما في العالم من الصور. فالكل ألسنة للحق ناطقة بالثناء على الحق. ولذلك قال

(Fuṣṣilat: 53) — insofar as you are His form and He is your spirit. So you are to Him like a bodily form is to you, and He is to you like the spirit that governs the form of your body. The definition encompasses both your manifest and nonmanifest [aspects], for the remaining form, when the spirit that governs it departs from it, does not remain a human being. Rather it is said of it: it is a form resembling the form of a human being — 'a body or a corpse' — and there is no difference between it and a form made of wood or stone. The name 'human' is not applied to it except metaphorically, not in reality. I [the commentator] say: this entire passage is clear and needs no commentary. As for his saying: the forms of the cosmos can never lose the Real from them at all, so the definition of divinity applies to Him in reality, not metaphorically, just as is the definition of the human being when alive. And just as the manifest form of the human being praises, with its tongue, its spirit and self and that which governs it, likewise God made the form of the cosmos glorify Him with praise, but we do not understand their glorification, for we do not encompass the forms that are in the cosmos. So all [things] are tongues of the Real, speaking praise of the Real. Therefore He said:

Ibn Turka

﴿"وَفي أَنْفُسِهِمْ" وهو﴾

أي أنفسهم أو الآيات التي فيه ( عينك ) أي عين تلك النقطة المركزيّة . فإنّ سائر النسب فيها عينها ، ولهذا وحدّ ضمير الأنفس أو آياتها باعتبار مصدوق الخبر أعني المخاطب ، تنبيها إلى أنّ الكثرة التشبيهيّة فيها عين الوحدة التنزيهيّة ، كما فسرّ ضمير الجمع بالواحد في قوله

i.e., their very selves, or the signs which are within it, (your own entity) i.e., the entity (ʿayn) of that central point. For all other relations (nisab) are identical with it; and for this reason the pronoun for "selves" or "its signs" was made singular, with regard to the referent of the report, namely the addressee, alerting one to the fact that the multiplicity of similarity (tashbīh) within it is identical with the unity of incomparability (tanzīh) - just as the plural pronoun was interpreted as singular in His saying

Jāmī

﴿" وفي أنفسهم" وهو … عينك حتى يتبين لهم، أي للناظر منهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

المتفكر في تلك الأيات أو المشاهد إياه لا المعرض الغافل، وللتنبيه على هذا المعنى غير أسلوب الخطاب . وفي بعض النسخ، أي للناظرين، لكنه يخالف النسخة المقروءة على الشيخ المصنف وأسلوب الإفراد الذي اختاره أو (أنه) ، أي الله سبحانه هو (الحق) المتجلي في الآفاق وفي الأنفس باسميه الظاهر والباطن . وعلل التبيين بنونه

who reflects upon those signs or who witnesses Him, not the heedless one who turns away; and to alert to this meaning He departed from the mode of direct address. In some copies it reads "for those who observe (al-nāẓirīn)," but this contradicts the copy read before the Shaykh, the author, and the mode of the singular which he chose. Or (that He), i.e., God, glory be to Him, is (the Real) self-disclosed in the horizons and in the selves by His two names, the Manifest and the Nonmanifest. And he grounded the clarification in His "that it become clear"

Bālī Zāde

﴿وفي أنفسهم﴾

أي وسنريهم آياتنا في أنفسهم (وهو) أي كل فرد من الأنفس

i.e., and We shall show them Our signs in their own selves (it, i.e.) each individual among the selves is

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهو عينك﴾

عائد إلى (أنفسهم). ذكره اعتبارا للمعنى، و إرادة فرد من أفرادها، كأنه قال: وهو أنت. ولما كان نفس الشئ عبارة عن عينه وذاته. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

refers back to "themselves" (anfusihim), mentioned with regard to the meaning, intending one individual instance of it, as though he said: "and it is you." And since the self (nafs) of a thing is an expression for its entity (ʿayn) and its essence (dhāt), the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

﴿وهو عينك … أنه الحق﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لله. أي، حتى يتبين لهم أن الله هو الحق الثابت في الآفاق وفي الأنفس. لكنه ساق الكلام بحيث يرجع ضمير (إنه) إلى (العين)، أي، حتى يتبين للناظرين أن عينك هو الحق من حيث إنك مظهره وصورته، فالحق روحك من حيث إنه يربك و يدبرك. فذكره أيضا لتغليب الخبر وهو (الحق)

refers to God. That is, until it becomes clear to them that God is the Real established in the horizons and in the selves. However, he framed the statement such that the pronoun "innahu" (that it) refers back to "the entity" (al-ʿayn) — that is, until it becomes clear to those who look that your entity is the Real, insofar as you are His locus of manifestation and His form; so the Real is your spirit insofar as He is your Lord and governs you. He mentioned it thus also giving precedence to the predicate, which is "the Real" (al-Ḥaqq)

Bālī Zāde

﴿عينك حتى يتبين لهم أي للناظرين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فيهم (أنه) أي الله تعالى

i.e., to the beholders within them (that He) i.e., God, Exalted

al-Qāshānī

﴿" حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ " - أي للناظر – " أَنَّه الْحَقُّ " - من حيث أنك صورته وهو روحك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي يتبين للناظر أنه الحق الذي ظهر في الآفاق والأنفس ، فالناظر وكل واحد من المنظور فيه صورة ، وهو روح الكل ، ولهذا قال

meaning: it becomes clear to the observer that He is the Real who appeared in the horizons and in the selves. So the observer, and each one of those observed, is a form, and He is the spirit of all — and that is why he said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿حتى يتبين﴾

للناظرين فيهم

to those who look into them

Ibn Turka

﴿" حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ " أي للناظر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

تنبيها على أنّ الوحدة التنزيهيّة عين تلك الكثرة والمنبّه على هذا التحقيق ما وقع في الآية الكريمة من هذا الأسلوب في قوله

alerting one to the fact that the unity of incomparability is identical with that very multiplicity. What points to this verification is what occurred in this noble verse, in this manner, in His saying

al-Qayṣarī

﴿أنه الحق﴾

من حيث إنك صورته، وهو روحك). استشهاد بالكلام المجيد وتأكيد لهذه الرابطة. فإن إرائة الآيات في الآفاق، أي في الأكوان، ليس إلا ظهور الحق وتجلياته في حقائق الأكوان، وكل منها دال على مرتبة معينة وحقيقة خاصة إلهية، كما أن إرائة الآيات في الأنفس إنما هي ظهوره وتجلياته فيها بحسب مراتبها، والعالم كله مظهر الحق، فالنفس الإنسانية أيضا كذلك، فالعارف لنفسه عارف لربه. ولما كان ما اشتمل عليه النفس الإنسانية في العالم الكبير موجودا مفصلا يسهل إدراكه، قال تعالى: (سنريهم آياتنا في الآفاق) أولا، ثم أردفه بقوله

insofar as you are its form, and it is your spirit). This is an invocation of the Glorious Word and a confirmation of this connection. For the showing of the signs in the horizons — that is, in the cosmic entities — is nothing but the manifestation of the Real and His self-disclosures (tajalliyāt) in the realities of the cosmic entities, each of which points to a specific rank and a particular divine reality, just as the showing of the signs in the selves is His manifestation and self-disclosures within them according to their ranks. The whole world is a locus of manifestation for the Real, and the human self is likewise so; thus whoever knows himself knows his Lord. And since what the human self comprises within the macrocosm exists there in detailed form, easy to grasp, the Exalted said, "We shall show them Our signs in the horizons" first, then followed it with His saying,

﴿أنه الحق﴾

الذي ظهر فيها وتجلى لهما رحمة على أعيانهما، فأوجد هما بوجوده وأظهرهما بنوره وأعطاهما آيات دالة على حقيقته ووحدته. والضمير في قوله

who manifested Himself within them and disclosed Himself to them out of mercy upon their entities, giving them existence through His existence, manifesting them through His light, and granting them signs indicating His reality and His oneness. And the pronoun in his saying

Ibn Turka

﴿" أَنَّه ُ الْحَقُّ "﴾

[ 41 / 53 ] أي الناظر ، على أنّ ما سبق في الآية مما يصلح لرجع هذا الضمير صيغ الجمع كالآفاق والآيات والناظرين فوحّد الضمير بذلك الاعتبار . فعلم أنّ النقطة المركزيّة - أعني عين الإنسان الذي هو الناظر - قد تبيّن له باعتبار اتّصافه بالوصفين وجمعيّته للطرفين أنّه الحقّ

[41:53] - i.e., to the perceiver - given that among what preceded in the verse, as suitable referents for this pronoun, are plural forms such as "the horizons," "the signs," and "the perceivers," yet the pronoun was made singular with that consideration in mind. Thus it is known that the central point - namely the entity of the human being, who is the perceiver - becomes clear to him, by virtue of his being characterized by the two descriptions and his comprehensiveness of the two extremes, that He is the Real.

Bālī Zāde

﴿الحق من حيث إنك صورته﴾

أي صفته (و) ينين (هو) أي الحق (روحك) . لأن ظاهر العالم تشبيه وباطنه تنزيه فمن جمع في معرفة العالم بينهما ووصف بهما فقد جمع في معرفة رب العالمين بينهما ووصل إلى درجة الحقيقة في رتب العلم فما يعرف الحق أحد إلا بالعالم آفاقا كان أو أنفس

i.e., His attribute (and) is stated to be (He) i.e., the Real (is your spirit). For the manifest aspect (ẓāhir) of the world is tashbīh and its nonmanifest aspect (bāṭin) is tanzīh. So whoever combines both in the knowledge of the world, and describes it by both, has combined both in the knowledge of the Lord of the worlds and has attained the degree of realized truth in the ranks of knowledge. For none knows the Real except through the world, whether in the macrocosm (āfāq) or the microcosm (anfus).

Ibn Turka

﴿من حيث أنّك صورته وهو روحك﴾

ضرورة أنّ عينك هو البرزخ بين الظاهر والباطن

since necessarily your entity (ʿayn) is the isthmus (barzakh) between the manifest (ẓāhir) and the nonmanifest (bāṭin).

Jāmī

﴿من حيث أنك﴾

بروحك وجسدك بل بعينك الثابتة أيض (صورته) ، واسمه الظاهر (وهو) باسمه الباطن المطلق (روحك) فليس في الأنفس إلا أسماؤه والظاهر والباطن. وكذلك في الآفاق، إلا أنه لم يتعرض له لأن مقصوده من ذكره الآية تأكيد الحديث النبوي ولا ذكر فيه للآفاق (فأنت) بل الآفاق أيض (له) ، أي تلحق سبحانه

— by your spirit and your body, indeed by your fixed entity (ʿayn thābita) as well — (His form), and His name the Manifest; (and He is), by His name the absolute Nonmanifest, (your spirit). For in the selves there is nothing but His names, the Manifest and the Nonmanifest. Likewise in the horizons, except that he did not address this, because his purpose in citing the verse was to confirm the Prophetic ḥadīth, and there is no mention of the horizons in it. (So you) — rather the horizons too — (belong to Him), i.e., are attached to Him, glory be to Him

al-Qāshānī

﴿فأنت له كالصورة الجسمية لك﴾

لأنك مظهره كما أن الجسمية مظهرك

because you are His locus of manifestation (maẕhar), just as the bodily form is your locus of manifestation.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فأنت له، كالصورة الجسمية لك، وهو لك كالروح المدبر لصورة جسدك﴾

ولما كان الاسم من وجه غير المسمى، جاء بكاف التشبيه هنا الموجب للمغايرة، ليعطى حق الوجهين: وجه أحدية العين، ووجه المغايرة. وقال

Since the name is, from one aspect, other than the named, he brought in here the particle of comparison (kāf al-tashbīh) necessitating differentiation, so as to give due right to both aspects: the aspect of the oneness of the entity, and the aspect of differentiation. And he said

﴿فأنت له﴾

أي، نسبة عينك للحق كنسبة جسدك لعينك: فكما أن جسدكصورة عينك، كذلك عينك صورة الحق وهو ظاهر في عينك، كما أن عينك ظاهرة في جسدك

that is, the relation (nisba) of your entity to the Real is like the relation of your body to your entity: for just as your body is the form of your entity, likewise your entity is the form of the Real, and He is manifest in your entity, just as your entity is manifest in your body

Ibn Turka

﴿فأنت له كالصورة الجسميّة لك ، وهو لك كالروح المدبّر لصورة جسدك﴾

هذا طرف التنزيه ، وأمّا طرف التشبيه ، فقد بيّنه بقوله

This is the aspect of incomparability (tanzīh); as for the aspect of similarity (tashbīh), he clarified it by saying

Bālī Zāde

﴿فانت له﴾

بجميع أجزائك من الروح والجسد

with all your parts, spirit and body.

Jāmī

﴿كالصورة الجسمية لك﴾

أي قال رضي الله عنه

i.e., he, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿كالصورة الجسمية لك … وهو لك﴾

في التدبير والتصرف فيك وفي الآفاق

in governance and disposal over you and over the macrocosm.

al-Qāshānī

﴿وهو لك كالروح المدبر لصورة جسدك﴾

لأنه الظاهر بصورتك المدبر لها. قال رضي الله عنه

because He is the one manifest in your form, governing it. He (may God be pleased with him) said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهو لك﴾

أي، الحق لعينك كالروح المدبر لصورة جسدك. وقد مر بيان هذا المعنى في المقدمات من أن الحق يرب الأعيان الثابتة بأسمائه وصفاته، ويرب الأرواح بالأعيان، والأجساد بالأرواح، لتكون ربوبيته في جميع المراتب ظاهرة. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is, the Real is to your entity like the spirit governing the form of your body. The explanation of this meaning has already passed in the introductory sections: that the Real governs the fixed entities (al-aʿyān al-thābita) through His names and attributes, and governs the spirits through the entities, and the bodies through the spirits, so that His lordship (rubūbiyya) may be manifest in all the ranks. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿كالروح المدبر لصورة جسدك﴾

فتعين بهذا الاعتبار أسمه الباطن (والحد) المنطبق عليك مثل

so by this consideration His name the Nonmanifest becomes established. (And the definition) that applies to you, such as

﴿كالروح المدبر لصورة جسدك﴾

فتعين بهذا الاعتبار أسمه الباطن (والحد) المنطبق عليك مثل

so by this consideration His name the Nonmanifest becomes established. (And the definition) that applies to you, such as

Bālī Zāde

﴿كالروح المدبر لصورة جسدك والحد يشمل الظاهر والباطن منك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي وحدك وهو الحيوان الناطق يشمل ظاهرك وهو صورة جسدك ويشمل باطنك وهو روحك المدبر لجسدك وإنما يشمل حد الإنسان ظاهره وباطنه

i.e., your defining reality, which is 'the rational animal,' encompasses your manifest aspect, which is your bodily form, and encompasses your nonmanifest aspect, which is your spirit that governs your body. The definition of the human indeed encompasses both his manifest and nonmanifest.

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.