Mashrabaمشربة

The commentators side by side

One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ سُبُّوحِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ نُوحِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶6 in the text

6 · 53 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

وَكَمَا أَنَّ ظَاهِرَ صُورَةِ الإِنْسَانِ تُثْنِي بلسانها عَلَى رُوحِهَا وَنَفْسِهَا وَالمُدَبِّرُ لَهَا كَذَلكَ جَعَلَ اللهُ صُورَةَ العَالَمِ تُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِهِ وَلَكِنْ لَا يَفْقَهُ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ لِأَنَّا لَا نُحِيطُ بِمَا فِي العَالَمِ مِنَ الصُّوَرِ فَالْكُلُّ أَلْسِنَةُ الحَقِّ نَاطِقَةٌ بِالثَّنَاءِ عَلَى الحَقِّ وَلِذَلكَ قَالَ ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ أَيْ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُ عَوَاقِبُ الثَّنَاءِ فَهُوَ المُثْنِي وَالمُثْنَى عَلَيْهِ

And just as the manifest [aspect] of the human form praises, with its tongue, its spirit, its soul, and that which governs it, so God has made the form of the cosmos glorify [Him] with His praise [cf. Q 17:44]; but their glorification is not understood, because we do not encompass all the forms that are in the cosmos. So all [of them] are tongues of the Real, speaking in praise of the Real. That is why He said, "Praise belongs to God, Lord of the worlds" [Q 1:2], that is, to Him the outcomes of praise are returned. So He is the one who praises and the one who is praised.

On the whole passage · 1 of 7

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿كذلك جعل الله صورة العالم تسبح بحمده ولكن لا نفقه تسبيحهم لأنا لا نحيط بما في العالم من الصور. فالكل ألسنة الحق ناطقة بالثناء على الحق. و لذلك قال: «الحمد لله رب العالمين» أي إليه يرجع عواقب الثناء، فهو المثني و المثنى عليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

علما ولا فضيلة لها من الكرم والعطاء والجود والسخاء والشجاعة والصدق والوفاء فهی تثني على روحه وجسده الثناء الجميل. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

knowledge, and it has no merit from generosity, giving, munificence, liberality, courage, truthfulness, or faithfulness, for it praises His spirit and body with beautiful praise. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qāshānī

﴿وكما أن ظاهر صورة الإنسان يثنى بلسانها على روحها ونفسها المدبر لها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

معناه أن صورة الإنسان بحركاتها وإدراكاتها وإظهار خواصها وكمالاتها يثنى على روحها ونفسها . فإن أعضاء الإنسان وجوارحه أجساد لو لا روحها لم تتحرك ولم تدرك شيئا ، ولا فضيلة لها من الكرم والعطاء والجود والسخاء والشجاعة والصدق والوفاء ، ولا ثناء إلا ذكر الجميل ، فهي تذكر روحها بهذه الصفات الجميلة التي هي اثنية فاتحة

its meaning is that the form of the human being, through its movements, its perceptions, and its manifestation of its properties and perfections, praises its spirit and its self. For the organs and limbs of the human being are bodies which, were it not for their spirit, would not move nor perceive anything, nor would they possess any virtue of generosity, giving, munificence, liberality, courage, truthfulness, or fidelity — and there is no praise except the mention of what is beautiful. So it mentions its spirit through these beautiful attributes, which constitute a praise, opening...

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وكما أن ظاهر صورة الإنسان يثنى بلسانها على روحها ونفسها والمدبر لها،كذلك جعل الله صور العالم تسبح بحمده ولكن لا نفقه تسبيحهم، لأنا لا نحيط بمافي العالم من الصور﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، كما أن ظاهر الإنسان يثنى على نفسه وروحه الذي يربه و يدبره بلسان صورته وقواها الجسمانية والروحانية، كذلك ظواهر العالم، من الإنسان والحيوان والنبات والجماد وغيرها، يثنى بألسنتهم وألسنة قواه الروحانية والجسمانية على روحه الحقيقي الذي هو الحق، تسبحه وتنزهه عن النقائص اللازمة لهم اللاحقة بهم. ولكن لا يفقه ذلك التسبيح والتنزيه إلا منتنور باطنه بنور الإيمان أولا، ثم الإيقان ثانيا، ثم العيان ثالثا، ثم يوجد أن نفسه وروحه ساريا في عين كل مرتبة وحقيقة كل موجود حالا وعلما، لا علما و شهودا فقط، كسريان الحق فيها، فيدرك تسبيح الموجودات بذلك النور ويسمعه، كما قال عبد الله بن مسعود رضي الله عنه : (ولقد كنا نسمع تسبيح الطعام وهو يؤكل). وورد: (إن المؤذن يشهد له مدى صوته من رطب ويابس). وقال أمير المؤمنين، على بن أبي طالب، كرم الله وجهه: (كنت مع رسول الله بمكة، فخرجنا في بعض نواحيها، فما استقبله حجر ولا شجر إلا وهو يقول: السلام عليك يا رسول الله). وأمثاله كثيرة في الأحاديث الصحيحة. وقال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : في آخر الباب الثاني عشر من الفتوحات: (فإن المسمى بالجماد والنبات عندنا لهم أرواح بطنت عن إدراك غير أهل الكشف إياها في العادة، فلا يحس بها مثل ما يحسها من الحيوان. فالكل، عند أهل الكشف، حيوان ناطق بل حي ناطق غير أن هذا المزاج الخاص يسمى إنسانا لا غير. ونحن زدنا من الإيمان بالإخبار الكشف. فقد سمعنا الأحجار تذكر الله، رؤية عين، بلسان نطق تسمعه آذاننا منها، وتخاطبنا مخاطبة العارفين بجلال الله مما ليس يدركه كلإنسان). وقال في موضع آخر منه: (وليس هذا التسبيح بلسان الحال، كما يقولهأهل النظر ممن لا كشف له. هذا شأن من تحقق بالمراتب الثلاث الأول. وأما صاحب المقام الرابع، فهو مسبح لربه بلسان تلك الحقائق وحامد له في تلك المراتب، فهو العبد التام لله، يعبده في كل موطن ومقام عبادة جميع العالم، ويحمده حمدهم. ويرى جميع ما يراه بالبصر والبصيرة عند تحققه بمقام الجمادية، ويسمعما كان يسمع، ويعقل ما كان يعقل من غير خلل ونقصان. وفي هذا المقام يطوى الزمان والمكان. ويتصرف في جميع الأكوان تصرف النفوس في الأبدان، ويظهرفي الحالة الواحدة في مراتب الأرواح النورانية والنفوس القدسية الروحانية والأجسام الكثيفة الظلمانية). ولهذه المراتب أسرار آخر غامضة جدا يحرم كشفها. فقوله

That is, just as the manifest form of the human being praises, by the tongue of that form, its spirit and soul and that which governs it, likewise God made the forms of the world glorify Him with His praise—but we do not understand their glorification, for we do not encompass all the forms that are in the world. That is, just as the manifest [aspect] of the human being praises its soul and its spirit, which lords over it and governs it, by the tongue of its form and its corporeal and spiritual faculties, likewise the manifest [aspects] of the world—from human beings, animals, plants, minerals, and others—praise, by their tongues and the tongues of their spiritual and corporeal faculties, their true spirit, which is the Real, glorifying Him and declaring Him incomparable (tanzīh) with the deficiencies that necessarily attach and cling to them. But none understands that glorification and declaration of incomparability except one whose inward has been illumined, first by the light of faith, then secondly by certainty, then thirdly by direct vision (ʿiyān); then he finds that his soul and spirit pervade the very reality of every level and the very reality of every existent, both as a state and as knowledge—not merely as knowledge and witnessing—just as the Real pervades them. Thus he perceives, by that light, the glorification of the existents and hears it, just as ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd, may God be pleased with him, said: "Indeed we used to hear the glorification of the food as it was being eaten." And it has been transmitted: "Indeed the muezzin is witnessed by everything moist and dry within the range of his voice." And the Commander of the Faithful, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, may God ennoble his face, said: "I was with the Messenger of God in Mecca, and we went out into some of its outskirts, and no stone or tree faced him except that it said: Peace be upon you, O Messenger of God." And the like of this is abundant in the sound ḥadīths. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said at the end of the twelfth chapter of the Futūḥāt: "For those named mineral and plant have, with us, spirits that are concealed from the perception of those other than the people of unveiling (kashf), as is customary, so they are not perceived as animals are perceived. But for the people of unveiling, all of them are rational animals—indeed living, rational beings—except that this particular composition [alone] is called 'human' and nothing else. We have gained increase in faith through the report of unveiling. For we have heard stones mentioning God, as an eyewitness perception, with a tongue that speaks, which our ears hear from them, and they address us with the address of the knowers [addressing] the Majesty of God, in a way that not every human perceives." And he said elsewhere in it: "This glorification is not by the tongue of state (lisān al-ḥāl), as those possessed of theoretical reasoning who lack unveiling say. That is the affair of one who has realized [only] the first three levels. As for the possessor of the fourth station, he glorifies his Lord with the tongue of those very realities and praises Him in those levels; he is the complete servant of God, worshipping Him in every locus and station with the worship of the whole world, and praising Him with their praise. He sees all that he sees by outward sight and inner insight upon his realization of the mineral station, and hears what he used to hear, and comprehends what he used to comprehend, without any defect or deficiency. In this station, time and space are folded up, and he disposes in all the cosmos as souls dispose in bodies, and he manifests, in a single state, in the levels of the luminous spirits, the holy spiritual souls, and the dense, dark bodies." These levels have other secrets, extremely obscure, whose disclosure is forbidden. So his saying:

Ibn Turka

﴿وكما أنّ ظاهر صورة الإنسان تثني بلسانها على روحها﴾

المحيي فالعالم في تسبيح وحمد دائم ( ونفسها ) المدركة العاقلة ( و ) طبعه

the life-giving spirit - so the world is in perpetual glorification (tasbīḥ) and praise (ḥamd) - (and its self) the perceiving, rational self (and) its nature

Jāmī

﴿وكما أن ظاهر صورة الإنسان تثني بلسانها﴾

يعني بلسان حركاتها وإدراكاتها وخواصها وكمالاته

meaning with the tongue of its movements, its perceptions, its properties, and its perfections

﴿وكما أن ظاهر صورة الإنسان تثني بلسانها﴾

يعني بلسان حركاتها وإدراكاتها وخواصها وكمالاته

meaning with the tongue of its movements, its perceptions, its properties, and its perfections

Bālī Zāde

﴿وكما أن ظاهر صورة الإنسان يثني … بلسانها على روحها ونفسها والمدبر لها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ولكن لا يفقه أحد تسبيح صورته إلا من تجلى الله تعالى له باسمه السميع . وكما أن لكل واحد من أجزاء صورة الإنسان لسان خاص بثني به على مدبره . كذلك الصورة المجتمعة من الأجزاء لها لسان خاص بثني به على مدبره وهذا التسبيح نابت لصورة الكافر لكن لا نفع له من ذلك التسبيح

but no one grasps the glorification (tasbīḥ) of his own form except one to whom God, exalted, discloses Himself (tajallā) by His name 'the All-Hearing.' And just as each part of the human's form has a tongue specific to it by which it extols its governor, likewise the composite form assembled from the parts has a tongue specific to it by which it extols its governor. This glorification exists even for the form of the unbeliever, but he derives no benefit from that glorification.

Words 8–9 · 1 of 7

عَلَى رُوحِهَا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿على روحها﴾

الذي بها حياته (ونفسها) الناطقة المتعلقة به (و) عقله

by which its life exists, (and its self) the rational (nafs) attached to it, (and) its intellect

﴿على روحها﴾

الذي بها حياته (ونفسها) الناطقة المتعلقة به (و) عقله

by which its life exists, (and its self) the rational (nafs) attached to it, (and) its intellect

al-Qāshānī

﴿كذلك جعل الله صور العالم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

التي صورنا من جملتها

— of which our forms are a part —

Ibn Turka

﴿كذلك جعل الله صور العالم يسبّح بحمده ، ولكن لا تفقه تسبيحهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وإن كان لنا اطَّلاع على حمدهم وثنائهم ، لأنّه بمجرّد ما يشاهد من آثارهم وخواصّهم يعرف إظهارهم لكمالات الحقّ . وحمدهم له وأمّا التسبيح فيحتاج أن نعلم جهاتهم الامتيازيّة المنزهة لهم عمّا يشاركهم ، وذلك يتوقّف على معرفة ما وراء ذلك من الصور والمظاهر ، فيتوقّف على الإحاطة بجميع الصور ، ولا تفي بذلك القوّة البشريّة

though we do have access to their praise and laudation, because merely from what is observed of their traces and special properties, one knows their manifesting of the perfections of the Real, and their praise of Him. As for glorification (tasbīḥ), however, it requires that we know their distinguishing aspects that declare them incomparable to whatever shares with them - and that depends on knowledge of what lies beyond that among forms and loci of manifestation, which in turn depends on encompassing all forms - and human capacity does not suffice for that.

Jāmī

﴿كذلك جعل الله صورة العالم نسبح بحمده ولكن لا نفقه تسبيحهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إذا كنا محجوبين غير مكشوفين لن

when we are veiled, not unveiled, we will not [understand]

Bālī Zāde

﴿كذلك جعل الله تعالی صور العالم تسبح بحمده ولكن لا تفقهون﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي لا ندر كون بسماعكم أي لا تسمحون كل واحد منكم بل البعض منكم لا يسمعون وهر أهل الحجاب والبعض الآخر وهو أهل الكشف يسمعون (تسبيحهم) أي تنزيه بعض الموجودات دون بعض ولا يسمعون من يسمع منكم تسبيح كل واحد من الموجودات

i.e., you are not aware of it by your hearing — that is, not all of you hear it; rather some of you do not hear, and they are the people of the veil, while others, who are the people of unveiling (kashf), do hear (their glorification) — i.e., the declaration of incomparability (tanzīh) of some existents but not others; and the one among you who hears does not hear the glorification of every single existent.

al-Qāshānī

﴿تسبح بحمده ولكن لا يفقهون تسبيحهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي تثنى بخواصها وكمالاتها ، وكل ما يصدر عنها على روح الكل فهو بظاهره يثنى على باطنه فباعتبار تنزيه تلك الصور روحها عن النقائص التي هي أضداد كمالاتها مسبحة له ، وباعتبار إظهارها لتلك الكمالات حامدة ، لكن لا نفقة تسبيحهم لأنا لا نفقة ألسنتهم. كما لا يفهم التركي لسان الهندي

i.e., they praise through their properties and perfections, and everything that proceeds from them upon the spirit of the whole is, by its manifest aspect, a praise of its nonmanifest aspect. So from the perspective of these forms' declaring their spirit incomparable (tanzīh) with regard to the deficiencies that are the opposites of its perfections, they are glorifying Him; and from the perspective of their manifesting those perfections, they are praising Him. But "you do not understand their glorification" because we do not understand their tongues, just as the Turk does not understand the language of the Indian.

al-Qāshānī

﴿لأنا لا نحيط بما في العالم من الصور﴾

حتى نضبط أنواع التسبيح والتحميد فلا نحصيها ولكن نعلم على الإجمال. قال رضي الله عنه

the forms that are in the world] so as to precisely determine the kinds of glorification and praise — we cannot enumerate them, but we know them only in summary. He (may God be pleased with him) said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿لأنا لا نحيط بما في العالم من الصور﴾

تعليل عن لسان المحجوبين والمكاشفين أيضا. لأن المكاشف لا يقدر على كشف تفصيل الوجود بأسرها ولايعرف تسبيح كل منهم على التعيين إلا ما شاء الله، كما قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (ولا يحيطون بشئ من علمه إلا بما شاء). أي، لأنا لا نحيط بما في العالم من الصور النوعية التي هي الملكوت في الأجسام وهي الناطقة والمسبحة لا غير. (فالكل ألسنة الحق ناطقة بالثناء على الحق، ولذلك قال

This is a justification voiced both by the veiled and by those granted unveiling (mukāshifūn) alike. For even the one granted unveiling is not able to unveil the details of the whole of existence in its entirety, nor does he know the glorification of each one specifically, except what God wills—just as the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: "And they do not encompass anything of His knowledge except what He wills." That is, [the reason] we do not encompass all the forms that are in the world is [that they are] the specific forms which constitute the malakūt (dominion) within bodies, and it is they that are the speaking and glorifying [realities], nothing else. (So all are tongues of the Real, speaking praise of the Real, and that is why he said:)

Ibn Turka

﴿لأنّا لا نحيط بما في العالم من الصور﴾

هذا بالنسبة إلى مداركنا الجزئيّة ، وأمّا بحسب الأمر نفسه ، فالكلّ معبّر عن كمالاته ومفصح بأنّها ليست مقصورة على ما عبّر عنه

this is with respect to our partial perceptions; but as to the matter in itself, everything expresses His perfections and declares that they are not confined to what it has expressed.

Jāmī

﴿لأنا لا نحيط … بما في العالم﴾

أي بشيء بما في العالم

i.e., anything of what is in the cosmos

Bālī Zāde

﴿لأنا لا نحيط بما في العالم من الصور﴾

كله حتى نسمع تسبيح جميع الصورة فما كان السماع إلا لأهل الكشف وبقدر الإحاطة فقد وقع من الصحابة رضوان الله تعالى عليهم أجمعين سماع تسبيح الجمادات . وكذلك في بعض أهل الكشف فسبح الله تعالى جميع الموجودات حية في الحسن كان أو غير حي بلسان عربي فصيح بلغة فصيحة تكلم تسبيحهم كما تكلم لسان فمنا تسبيح خاص بنا لا يكون هذا التسبيح لغيرنا . يسمع تسبيحهم أهل الكشف كما نسمع تسبيح لأننا الظاهر وليس التسبيح بلسان الحال الذي يقوله أهل النظر لسان الحال أنطق من لسان المقال. قال رضي الله عنه : (فالكل) أي جميع الموجودات

entirely, such that we would hear the glorification of every form. So the hearing belongs only to the people of unveiling, and in proportion to their encompassing knowledge. Indeed, hearing the glorification of inanimate things did occur for some of the Companions, may God be pleased with them all, and likewise for some of the people of unveiling. So God, exalted, causes all existents to glorify Him — whether alive in the ordinary sense or not alive — in eloquent Arabic tongue, in an eloquent language; their glorification is articulated just as a tongue speaks, for we too have a glorification specific to us that does not belong to others. The people of unveiling hear their glorification just as we hear... for [glorification] is manifest and is not the glorification by the 'tongue of state' (lisān al-ḥāl) which the people of speculative reasoning speak of — the tongue of state is more eloquent than the tongue of speech. He, may God be pleased with him, said: (so all) i.e., all the existents,

Words 30–31 · 1 of 7

مِنَ الصُّوَرِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿من الصور﴾

إحاطة تؤدينا إلى فهم سماع ما يجري على ألسنتها في مراتبها الحسية والمثالية والروحية. وأما إذا من الله سبحانه بالكشف عن تلك الصور والإحاطة بها فقد تعلم ألسنتها ونفته تسبيحاتها. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه في آخر الباب الثاني عشر من الفتوحات المكية :" المسمى بالجماد والنبات عندنا لهم أرواح بطنت عن إدراك غير أهل الكشف إياها في العادة فلا تحس بها مثل ما تحسها من الحيوان فإن الكل عند أهل الكشف حیوان ناطق غير أن هذا المزاج الخاص يسمى إنسانة لا غير ونحن زدنا مع الإيمان بالأخبار الكشف. فقد سمعنا الأحجار تذكر الله رؤية عين بلسان ناطق تسمعه آذاننا منها وتخاطبنا مخاطبة العارفين بجلال الله مما ليس بدر كه كل إنسان . وقال في موضع آخر منه: وليس هذا التسبيح بلسان الحال كما يقوله أهل النظر ممن لا كشف له." وقال رضي الله عنه في جواب السؤال الرابع والخمسين : فأما حديث الله في الصوامت فهو عند العامة من علماء الرسوم حدیث حال، أي يفهم من حاله كذا وكذا حتى أنه لو نطق لنطق بما فهم هذا الفهم منه . قال القوم في مثل هذا : قالت الأرض للوتد لم تشقني ..... قال الوتد لها سلي من يدفني فهذا عندهم حديث حال و علية خرجوا قوله تعالى : "وإن من شيء إلا يسبح بحمده" [الإسراء: 44]. وقوله تعالى: "إنا عرضا الأمانة على السموات والأرض والجبال فأبين أن يحملنها" [الأحزاب: 72] أباة حال . وأما عند أهل الكشف فيسمعون نطق كل شيء من جماد ونبات وحيوان يسمعه العبد بأذنه في عالم الحس لا في الخيال كما يسمع نطق المتكلم من الناس. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (فالكل) ، أي كل صور العالم

an encompassing that would lead us to understand the hearing of what runs upon their tongues in their sensory, imaginal, and spiritual levels. But when God, Glory be to Him, graciously bestows the unveiling of those forms and encompassing of them, then one comes to know their tongues and their glorifications are heard/perceived. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said at the end of the twelfth chapter of al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya: "That which is called mineral and plant have, in our view, spirits that are hidden from the perception of those who lack unveiling, as is customary, so you do not perceive them as you perceive them from animals; for in the view of the people of unveiling, all are speaking animals, except that this particular composition alone is called 'human.' And we have added, along with belief in the reports, unveiling. For we have heard stones mention God with the vision of the eye, with a speaking tongue that our ears hear from them, and it addresses us with the address of the knowers regarding the majesty of God, something not every human perceives." And he said in another place in it: "This glorification is not by the 'tongue of state' (lisān al-ḥāl) as the people of theoretical reasoning who lack unveiling claim." And he, may God be pleased with him, said in answer to the fifty-fourth question: "As for God's speech in silent things, it is, according to the common people among the scholars of outward forms, speech of state (ḥadīth ḥāl), i.e., it is understood from its state that such-and-such is the case, to the extent that if it spoke, it would speak of what was understood from it in this manner of understanding. The people give as an example of this: 'The earth said to the peg: Why do you split me open?' The peg said to it: 'Ask him who buries me.' This, in their view, is speech of state, and on this basis they interpret the words of the Exalted: "And there is not a thing but that it glorifies Him with praise" [al-Isrāʾ: 44], and His words: "Indeed, We offered the Trust to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, and they refused to bear it" [al-Aḥzāb: 72] — a refusal of state. But according to the people of unveiling, they hear the speech of every thing — mineral, plant, and animal — the servant hears it with his ear in the sensory world, not in the imagination, just as one hears the speech of a speaker among people." The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (So all), i.e., all the forms of the cosmos

al-Qāshānī

﴿فالكل ألسنة الحق ناطقة بالثناء على الحق ولذلك قال – " الْحَمْدُ "﴾

أي الثناء المطلق من كل واحد على التفصيل ( " لِلَّه رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ " ) أي الموصوف بجميع الأوصاف الكمالية رب الكل بأسمائه باعتبار أحدية الجمع

i.e., absolute praise, from every single one, in detail ("belongs to God, Lord of the worlds") i.e., the One described with all attributes of perfection, the Lord of all through His names, from the perspective of the oneness of all-comprehensiveness (aḥadiyyat al-jamʿ).

al-Jandī

﴿فالكلّ ألسنة للحقّ ناطقة بالثناء على الحق . ولذلك قال : الحمد لله ربّ العالمين . أي إليه يرجع عواقب الثناء ، فهو المثني والمثنى عليه »﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد : لمّا كان الحق باطن الخلق ، والخلق ظاهر الحق ، فلا يمكن فرض زوال الحق عن العالم ، ولا فرض زوال العالم عن الحق ، وإلَّا لانعدم العالم بأسره . لأنّ الحق تعالى هويّة الكلّ ، وهو المدبّر للكل ، والقيّام به ، وروحه الذي به حياته وبقاؤه ووجوده ، وفيه وبه شهوده ، والعالم مع قطع النظر عن الوجود الحق عدم محض لا يمكن شهوده ، ووجوده بالنظر إليه تعالى ، وترجيحه لجانب الوجود واجب الوجود . فكما أنّه يؤخذ في حدّ الإنسان الصورة الظاهرة والهويّة الباطنة ، ولا يزول باطن الإنسان عن ظاهره في حدّه ، فكذلك الألوهة لا تزول عن العالم ، لعدم زوال الربّ عن المربوب ، والإله عن المألوه ، والعلَّة عن المعلول . ولمّا كان العالم عبارة عن مجموع الصورة وأرواحها ، كذلك يثني على أحدية جمعها وجامع فرقها وصدعها بين معاني أصلها وصور فرعها ، وكذا أحدية جمع العالم وهو الإنسان الكامل جمعا وفرقا يثني على الله الذي هو عين أحدية جمع الجميع ، فالكلّ ألسنة الحق يثني بها على نفسه . وقد استقصينا القول على ذلك في بيان مراتب الحمد في خطبة الكتاب . فقوله

The servant [i.e., the author] says: Since the Real is the nonmanifest [aspect] of creation, and creation is the manifest [aspect] of the Real, it is impossible to posit the Real's absence from the world, nor the world's absence from the Real—otherwise the entire world would cease to exist. For the Real, Most High, is the identity (huwiyya) of all things, and He is the Governor of all, the One who sustains it, and its spirit through which it has life, subsistence, and existence, and in Him and through Him is its witnessing. The world, apart from the true Existence, is pure nonexistence—it cannot be witnessed—and its existence is [only] by consideration of Him, Most High, His giving precedence to the side of existence being the Necessary Existent. So just as the outward form and the inward identity are both included in the definition of the human being, and the inward [aspect] of the human being is not excluded from his definition along with his outward [aspect], so too divinity is not absent from the world, because of the impossibility of the Lord's absence from the object of lordship, the deity's absence from the object of divine worship, and the cause's absence from the effect. And since the world is [an expression] for the totality of forms and their spirits, it likewise praises the oneness comprehending its totality and the [principle] that joins its differentiation and division amid the meanings of its root and the forms of its branches. Likewise the oneness comprising the world—which is the Perfect Human, comprising both totality and differentiation—praises God, who is the very oneness comprising the totality of all things. So all are tongues of the Real, through which He praises Himself. We have already given an exhaustive account of this in explaining the degrees of praise (ḥamd) in the introduction (khuṭba) of the book. His saying [continues]...

Ibn Turka

﴿فالكلّ ألسنة الحقّ ناطقة بالثناء عليه ، ولذلك قال : " الْحَمْدُ لِلَّه ِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ "﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فالكلّ معبّر عن كمالاته ومفصح بأنّها ليست مقصورة على ما عبّر عنه . باللسان الجمعي القرآني الختمي ، مترجما عمّا نطق به ألسنة صور العالمين أجمعين . من أنّ الحمد أي التعريف والإظهار الذي تؤديه ألسنة تلك الصور كلَّها لله ، الذي هو ربّهم ( أي إليه يرجع عواقب الثناء ) والتعريف بمحامد الأوصاف والأحكام الوجوديّة ، وإن نسبت تلك الأوصاف ابتداء إلى الصور الكونيّة والتعيّنات الإمكانيّة ، لكنّها من حيث أنّها أحكام وجوديّة لا يمكن أن تتعلَّق بها ، فيكون مرجعها هو الوجود الحقّ ضرورة . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

for everything expresses His perfections and declares that they are not confined to what it has expressed, by the comprehensive Quranic, seal-like tongue, translating what the tongues of all the forms of the worlds have spoken - namely, that praise, i.e., the making-known and manifesting performed by the tongues of all those forms, belongs to God, who is their Lord (that is, to Him the outcomes of praise return) and the making-known of the praiseworthy existential attributes and properties - even though those attributes are initially ascribed to the cosmic forms and possible determinations (taʿayyunāt), yet inasmuch as they are existential properties, they cannot properly pertain to them [the forms themselves], so their reference is necessarily to the true Existence. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿ألسنة الحق ناطقة بالثناء على الحق سبحانه ولذلك قال : "الحمد لله رب العالمين"﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

[الفاتحة:1]. يعني الثناء الشامل كل حامدية ومحمودية خالص لله لا يشاركه فيه أحد فكل ثناء من كل مثني يكون فيه ، لأنه لسان من ألسنته. وكذا كل ثناء على كل مثنى عليه بكون عليه، لأنه بعض من صور تجلياته، وإلى هذا أشار بقوله

[al-Fātiḥa: 1]. Meaning: the all-encompassing praise, comprising all praising and being-praised, is purely for God, with no partner sharing in it; so every praise from every praiser is included in it, because it is a tongue among His tongues. Likewise every praise directed at every object of praise belongs to Him, because it is a portion of the forms of His self-disclosures. To this he alluded by his statement

Bālī Zāde

﴿السنة الحق﴾

محددة معرفة الحق

delimiting the knowledge of the Real.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ناطقة بالثناء على الحق ولذلك﴾

أي ولأجل أن الكل ألسنة الحق (قال الحمد رب العالمين أي إليه يرجع عواقب الثناء نهر المثني) من كل ألسنة

i.e., and because all are the tongues of the Real, (He said, 'Praise belongs to the Lord of the worlds') i.e., to Him return the outcomes of praise, from every tongue of the one who praises,

al-Jandī

﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّه ِ رَبِّ الْعالَمِينَ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ثناء من الحق على نفسه بألسنة العالمين ، أو ثناء العالمين على الله بألسنة الحق ، أو ثناء الحق على الحق بألسنة الحق من كونه عين العالمين ومن كون العالمين عين الوجود الحق المتعيّن في أعيان العالمين ، فثناء من العالمين على الحق أو على العالمين من بعضه لبعض ، فتدبّره إن شاء الله تعالى ، فإليه يرجع عواقب الثناء ومصير المحامد على كل وجه . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه شعر : فإن قلت بالتنزيه كنت مقيّد %~% وإن قلت بالتشبيه كنت محدّدا وإن قلت بالأمرين كنت مسدّد %~% وكنت إماما في المعارف سيّد قال العبد أيّده الله به : قد أسلفنا أنّ تنزيه الحق عن أشياء وأمور تقييد ، وتمييز عمّا هو له وتجريد ، وأنّ تشبيه ما لا حدّ يحيط به تحديد ، وتعميم الحكم بوصفه بالجمع بينهما على وجه الإطلاق تعريف كامل وتوقيف شامل عند أرباب الوحدة والتوحيد ، وأصحاب الجمع والوجود والتفريد ، لأنّه عدم الحصر في الأمرين ولا في الجمع بين الطرفين . والعارف المعرّف للحقّ بأحدية جمع الجمع هو الإمام الذي يصف كلّ واحد من الطرفين بما يخصّه ، ويسدّد النظر إلى الحقيقة بكل ما للطرفين من غير تمييز وتعيين وتنقيص ، فهو الفائز بالحسنيين والحائز للمعنيين ، فله السيادة في المعارف على الفريقين ، لكونه جامعا بين المعرفتين . ولا يقال : إنّ الجامع بين التشبيه والتنزيه يكون محدّدا أو مقيّدا بالجمع بينهما ، لأنّ الجامع غير حاصر في أحدهما معيّنا ، ولا مطلقا غير معيّن كذلك ولا فيهما ، بل جمعه إطلاق الأمر عن الحصر في التنزيه والتشبيه والجمع بينهما ، فهو تنزيه بالإطلاق عن حصر تقييد التنزيه وتحديد التشبيه ، فافهم . قال رضي الله عنه [ شعر ] : فمن قال بالإشفاع كان مشرّك %~% ومن قال بالإفراد كان مفرّد يعني - رضي الله عنه - : صاحب شهود الشفع ، وهو الذي يرى حقا وخلقا ، وينزّه الحق عن الخلق ، مثبتا وجودين اثنين ، فهو ثنويّ مشرك قد أشرك الخلق بالحق في الوجود ، وعلى هذا المشرّك - بتشديد الراء - مثبت الشريك. وقد يؤخذ اشتقاقه من الشرك ، وهو الحبالة ، ويكون حينئذ بمعنى المقيّد للوجود بالإشراك في الشفعية والحقيّة بالخلقية ، وهي الزوجية من العدد ، فهو جاعل للحق ثاني اثنين ، وذلك كفره أي ستره للوحدة الحقيقية بالشفعية العددية الاعتبارية . ومن أفرد بالتنزيه . وقال : الشفعية والزوجية للعدد ، والحق يتعالى عن المعدود والعدد ، فقد ميّزه أيضا عن التعديد والعدد ، وأخرجه عنه مع إثباته في الوجود ، ووقع من حيث لا يشعر في عين ما وقع صاحبه المشبّه ، لأنّ كلَّا منهما أثبت ثانيا للحق في الوجود كذلك ، وحيث أخرج الحقّ عن الوجود في عدد الشفع . فهو كمن قال : إنّه ثالث ثلاثة من حيث لا يدري ، أو رابع أربعة ، لأنّ العدد إمّا زوج أو فرد ، فباعتبار أوّل عدد زوج كان ثالث الثلاثة ، وباعتبار أوّل عدد فرد كان رابع الأربعة. وإن قال : إنّه ثالث اثنين أو رابع ثلاثة - على أنّه هو الموجود وحده مع اعتبار اثنين عدميّين ما لهما وجود ، أو ثلاثة كذلك - فلم يشرك ولم يكفر ، بل وحّد على الحقيقة . قال رضي الله عنه شعر : فإيّاك والتشبيه إن كنت ثاني %~% وإيّاك والتنزيه إن كنت مفرد يعني رضي الله عنه : إذا قلت بوجود الاثنينية في الوجود بأن تقول : وجود مطلق ، ووجود مقيّد فلا تشبّه المطلق بالمقيّد ، وإلَّا كنت محدّدا للمقيّد بحدّ المطلق وبالعكس . وإن قلت بإفراد الوجود للحق فلا تنزّهه ، لأنّ الحق الذي ليس معه شيء لا يتنزّه عن نفسه ومقتضى ذاته ، وما ثمّ غيره ، ثمّ التقييد والإطلاق نسبتان - كما علمت - ذاتيتان لوجود الحق ، فهو لا يتنزّه عن مقتضى ذاته . قال رضي الله عنه شعر : فما أنت هو ، بل أنت هو وتراه في %~% عين الأمور مسرّحا ومقيّد يعني رضي الله عنه : اعلم : أنّ وجود الحق وهويّته كناية عن غيبه ولا تعيّنه الذي لا يتعيّن في كلّ تعيّن ، ولا يشهد . و « أنت » كناية هو عينه المتعيّن في عيان الشاهد ، فنفيه رضي الله عنه « أنت » عن « هو » نفي تقييد التعيّن عن إطلاق الوجود الحقّ من حيث هما كذلك ، وإثباته رضي الله عنه « أنت » عين « هو » من حيث حقيقة الوجود الذي هو في المطلق مطلق وفي المقيّد مقيّد . فالوجود هو من حيث إطلاق هويّته تعالى ينتفي تقييد التعيين عنه ، وهو من حيث الحقيقة والعين عين للكلّ ، فتارة يوضع المطلق ويحمل عليه المقيّد ، وبالعكس يوضع المقيّد ويحمل عليه المطلق ، وتارة ينفى كلّ منهما عن كلّ منهما باعتبارين مختلفين ، وهو من حيث الهويّة التي هي عين المطلق والمقيّد في الشهود - مطلق في الإطلاق والتقييد ، فالمقيّد هو الاسم « الظاهر » وهو العالم والخلق ، والمطلق هو الباطن الحقّ ، وحقيقة الوجود الحقّ وهويّته فيهما عينهما ، تعاليت وتباركت . ف « تراه في » ، يعني رضي الله عنه : في الحقيقة المحمدية البرزخية الجامعة بين الاسم الظاهر والاسم الباطن « عين الأمور » كلَّه « مسرّحا » مطلقا حقّا و « مقيّدا » خلقا ، لأنّ « أنت » و « أنت » و « هو » و « هي » و « نحن » وكاف المخاطب ، وتاءه ، وياء المخاطب المتكلَّم ، كلَّها كنايات عن عين واحدة ما ثمّ غيرها ، ظهرت في مراتب هي مقامات بطونه وظهوره ، ومرائي تجلَّيات نوره ، ومجالي تعيّناته في صور شؤونه وأموره وهويّة العين واحدة في الكلّ ، هو الأوّل الباطن ، والآخر الظاهر . في الفرع والأصل ، فالحقيقة المتعيّنة في إنّيّة « أنت » عين المتعيّن في هويّة « هو » بحقيقتها وعينها ، ولكنّ الخلق من كونه خلقا غير الحق من كونه حقّا ، وكذلك الظاهر من كونه ظاهرا ما هو الباطن من كونه كذلك . فافهم . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : « قال الله تعالى

This is praise from the Real upon Himself by the tongues of the worlds; or praise of the worlds upon God by the tongue of the Real; or praise of the Real upon the Real by the tongues of the Real — insofar as He is the very entity (ʿayn) of the worlds, and insofar as the worlds are the very entity of the Real Existence entified (mutaʿayyin) in the entities (aʿyān) of the worlds. So it is praise of the worlds upon the Real, or of the worlds upon one another, some by means of others. Reflect upon this, God willing, for to Him return the outcomes of all praise and the destination of all praises in every respect. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said in verse: "If you speak of incomparability (tanzīh), you are restricted (muqayyad); if you speak of similarity (tashbīh), you are delimited; but if you speak of both together, you are rightly guided and become a leader in gnosis, a master." The servant, may God support him through Him, said: We have already stated that declaring the Real incomparable (tanzīh) with respect to things and matters is a restriction (taqyīd), a distinguishing from what belongs to Him, and a stripping-away (tajrīd); and that likening (tashbīh) what no limit encompasses is a delimitation (taḥdīd); whereas generalizing the judgment of His description by combining both absolutely is a complete definition and comprehensive instruction according to the masters of oneness and unification (tawḥīd), and the possessors of gathering (jamʿ), existence, and singling-out (tafrīd) — because it is a non-restriction to either of the two matters, nor to their combination. The gnostic who defines the Real by the Oneness of the gathering of gathering (aḥadiyyat jamʿ al-jamʿ) is the leader (imām) who describes each of the two sides with what is proper to it, and directs his gaze rightly to the Reality by all that belongs to both sides, without distinguishing, specifying, or diminishing. He is thus the one who wins both goods and possesses both meanings, and to him belongs mastery in gnosis over both groups, since he combines both forms of knowledge. Nor should it be said that the one who combines tashbīh and tanzīh is thereby delimited or restricted by their combination, for the one who combines is not confined to either of them specifically, nor to an unspecified absoluteness likewise, nor to both together; rather his combining is a releasing of the matter from restriction to tanzīh, tashbīh, or their combination. So it is a declaring-incomparable through absoluteness from the restriction entailed in the limitation of tanzīh and the delimitation of tashbīh. So understand. He, may God be pleased with him, said [in verse]: "Whoever affirms pairing (ishfāʿ) is an associator (mushrik), and whoever affirms singularity (infirād) is a solitary unifier." He means, may God be pleased with him, the possessor of the witnessing of pairing — that is, one who sees a Real and a creation, and declares the Real incomparable with creation, affirming two existences. He is thus a dualist associator who has associated creation with the Real in existence; and accordingly "mushrik" (with the doubled rā') signifies one who affirms a partner (sharīk). Its derivation may also be taken from "shirk" (shirak), meaning a snare, in which case it signifies one who restricts existence by entangling pairing and Reality with createdness — which is the evenness of number — thus making the Real the second of two; and that is his "unbelief" (kufr), i.e., his concealment of true oneness beneath numerical, relative pairing. As for the one who singles out by tanzīh, saying: pairing and evenness pertain to number, and the Real transcends the counted and number — he too has distinguished Him from enumeration and number, and thereby removed Him from it while still affirming Him within existence; and unknowingly he falls into the very same error as his counterpart who likens (mushabbih), for each of the two has likewise affirmed a second for the Real in existence, since by removing the Real from existence in the number of the pair, he becomes like one who says, without realizing it, that He is the third of three, or the fourth of four — because number is either even or odd: considering the first even number he becomes the third of three, and considering the first odd number he becomes the fourth of four. But if he says He is the third of two or the fourth of three, meaning that He alone is existent while considering two, or three, non-existent things having no existence, then he has not associated nor disbelieved, but has truly affirmed unity. He, may God be pleased with him, said in verse: "Beware of tashbīh if you hold there to be a second, and beware of tanzīh if you hold Him to be singular alone." He means, may God be pleased with him: if you affirm duality in existence, saying there is an absolute existence and a restricted existence, then do not liken the absolute to the restricted, lest you delimit the restricted by the limit of the absolute, and vice versa. And if you affirm that existence belongs to the Real alone, then do not declare Him incomparable, for the Real, with whom there is nothing else, cannot be declared incomparable with respect to Himself and what His Essence (dhāt) necessitates — for there is nothing other than Him. Moreover, restriction and absoluteness are, as you know, two essential relations (nisba) of the existence of the Real, so He cannot be declared incomparable with respect to what His own Essence necessitates. He, may God be pleased with him, said in verse: "You are not He, yet you are He, and you see Him in the very reality of things, both unrestrained and restricted." He means, may God be pleased with him: know that the existence of the Real and His He-ness (huwiyya) is an allusion to His absence (ghayb) and non-entification (lā-taʿayyun), which does not become entified (taʿayyun) in any entification and is not witnessed; while "you" (anta) is an allusion to His very entity as entified in the perception of the witness. So his negation, may God be pleased with him, of "you" from "He" is a negation of the restriction of entification from the absoluteness of the Real Existence, insofar as they are both such; while his affirmation that "you" is identical with "He" is from the standpoint of the reality of Existence, which is absolute in the absolute and restricted in the restricted. So Existence, insofar as the absoluteness of His He-ness, exalted is He, has the restriction of specification negated from it, while He, from the standpoint of Reality and Entity, is identical with the whole. Thus sometimes the absolute is posited and the restricted predicated of it, and conversely the restricted is posited and the absolute predicated of it; and sometimes each is negated of the other by two different considerations. And He, from the standpoint of the He-ness which is identical with the absolute and the restricted in witnessing, is absolute both in absoluteness and in restriction. For the restricted is the Name "the Manifest" (al-Ẓāhir), which is the world and creation, while the absolute is the Nonmanifest (al-Bāṭin), the Real; and the reality of the Real Existence and His He-ness in both of them is identical with them — exalted and blessed are You! Thus "you see Him in" means, may God be pleased with him: in the Muḥammadan isthmus-Reality (al-ḥaqīqa al-Muḥammadiyya al-barzakhiyya) which combines the Name the Manifest and the Name the Nonmanifest — "in the very reality of things," all of it, "unrestrained," absolutely, as the Real, and "restricted," as creation. For "you" (masc./fem.), "he," "she," "we," and the pronominal "kāf," its "tā'," and the "yā'" of the addressed speaker, are all allusions to a single entity, and there is nothing other than it — which has appeared in levels that are the stations of His nonmanifestation and manifestation, the mirrors of the self-disclosures (tajalliyāt) of His light, and the loci of manifestation of His entifications (taʿayyunāt) in the forms of His affairs and matters; and the He-ness of the Entity is one throughout the whole. He is the First, the Nonmanifest, and the Last, the Manifest, in both branch and root. So the reality entified in the "I-ness" (inniyya) of "you" is identical, in its reality and entity, with what is entified in the He-ness of "He"; but creation, insofar as it is creation, is other than the Real insofar as He is the Real, and likewise the Manifest, insofar as it is manifest, is not the Nonmanifest insofar as it is such. So understand. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: "God, exalted is He, says,

al-Qayṣarī

﴿الحمد لله رب العالمين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، إليه يرجع عواقب الثناء، فهو المثنى والمثنى عليه. لما أسند الثناء والحمد إلى صور العالم وبين أن الحق روحها وليس المتصرف في الصورة إلاالروح، أنتج منها أن صور الكل ألسنة الحق، إذ باللسان يظهر النطق. والناطق والحامد هو الحق يثنى ويحمد بنفسه على نفسه في مقام تفصيله، كما حمد وأثنى على نفسه في مقام جمعه بقوله

That is, to Him return the outcomes of praise, for He is both the one who praises and the one who is praised. Since he had ascribed the praise and the ḥamd to the forms of the world, and made clear that the Real is their spirit and that nothing but the spirit disposes in the form, it followed from this that all the forms of the whole are tongues of the Real, since it is by the tongue that speech becomes manifest. The one who speaks and the one who praises is the Real, praising Himself by Himself in the station of His differentiation, just as He praised and lauded Himself in the station of His All-comprehensiveness by His saying:

﴿الحمد لله رب العالمين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وفيه إشارة إلى أن الحمدفي هذا المقام أيضا إنما هو باعتبار أعيان العالمين، لأن ربوبيته يقتضى المربوبين. فإليه يرجع عواقب الثناء، أي، إذا حققنا الأمر، وجدنا أن الثناء منته إليه، بمعنىأنه هو الذي يثنى في هذه الألسنة على نفسه وهو المثنى عليه بالحقيقة، فهو المثنى والمثنى عليه، لا غير شعر

And in it there is an indication that the praise in this station too is only by consideration of the entities (aʿyān) of the worlds, since His Lordship requires those lorded over (marbūbūn). "So to Him return the outcomes of praise"—that is, if we verify the matter, we find that praise ends up with Him, meaning that it is He who praises Himself in these tongues, and He is the one truly praised; so He is the one who praises and the one who is praised, none other. Verse:

al-Tilimsānī

﴿الحمد لله رب العالمين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(الفاتحة: 2) أي إليه يرجع عواقب الثناء، فهو المثنى والمثنى عليه. فإن قلت بالتنزيه كنت مقيدا وإن قلت بالتشبيه كنت محددا وإن قلت بالأمرين کنت مسددا وكنت إماما في المعارف سیدا . فمن قال بالإشفاع كان مشركا . ومن قال بالإفراد كان موحدا فإياك والتشبيه إن کنت ثانيا . وإياك والتنزيه إن کنت مفردا. فما أنت هو بل أنت هو وتراه في عين الأمور مسرحا ومقيدا. قلت: بالغ الشيخ في التصريح بهذا المعنى وأكد فيه وبين أن الإنسان إذا أثنى على عقله ونفسه، فهو نظير تسبيح العالم الكبير ربه، تبارك وتعالى. ولكن لا تفقهون تسبيحهم لأنا لا نحيط بما في العالم من الصور. وهذا واضح وأبيات الشعر مفهومة المعنى مما ذكر. قوله رضي الله عنه : قال الله تعالى

(al-Fātiḥa: 2) — that is, to Him the consequences of praise return, for He is both the one who praises and the one praised. If you speak of tanzīh [declaring incomparability] you are restricted; if you speak of tashbīh [declaring similarity] you are delimited; and if you speak of both together you are rightly guided and are a leading master in the [divine] knowledges. Whoever asserts a partner [in praise] is a polytheist, and whoever asserts singleness is a professor of divine unity. So beware of tashbīh if you are a duality, and beware of tanzīh if you are singular. For you are not He, yet you are He, and you see Him, in the very reality of things, both released and restricted. I [the commentator] say: the Shaykh has gone to great lengths in making this meaning explicit and has emphasized it, clarifying that when the human being praises his intellect and his self, this is analogous to the glorification of the Lord, blessed and exalted, by the macrocosm. But you do not understand their glorification, for we do not encompass the forms that are in the cosmos. This is clear, and the meaning of the verses of poetry is understood from what has been mentioned. His saying, may God be pleased with him: God the Exalted said:

al-Qāshānī

﴿أي إليه﴾

باعتبار الجمع ( يرجع عواقب الثناء ) التفصيلي

— in consideration of the [aspect of] all-comprehensiveness (the outcomes of the detailed praise) return —

Jāmī

﴿أي إليه ترجع عواقب الثناء﴾

مبنيا للفاعل كان أو وقال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

whether constructed for the active or [passive voice]. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qāshānī

﴿فهو المثنى … والمثنى عليه﴾

جمعا قوله نظما

comprehensively — his statement in verse.

Ibn Turka

﴿فهو المثني﴾

باعتبار إظهاره لتلك الكمالات في الصور التشبيهيّة

by virtue of His manifesting those perfections in the forms of similarity (tashbīh)

Jāmī

﴿فهو المثنى والمثنى عليه﴾

جمعة وتفصيلا (شعر

both comprehensively and in detail (verse:

Ibn Turka

﴿والمثنى عليه﴾

باعتبار ظهوره في نفسه وتقويمه لتلك الصور في أرواحها التنزيهيّة . ثمّ لما انساق الكلام هذا المساق حان أن يفصح بالمقصود ويصرّح بما أشير إليه على ما هو مقتضى الصورة المنظومة من الكلام . فقال

by virtue of His self-manifestation in Himself and His sustaining of those forms in their spirits of incomparability (tanzīh). Then, since the discourse had proceeded along this course, it was time to make the intended meaning explicit and to declare plainly what had been alluded to, as required by the arranged form of the discourse. So he said

Bālī Zāde

﴿والمثنى عليه﴾

بكل ألسنة فهو المثني على نفسه بلساننا لا نحن لأن لساننا لسانه وليس لنا لسان في الحقيقة حتى أثني عليه إذ استناد كل شيء ينتهي إليه

by every tongue. So He is the One who praises Himself by our tongue, not us — for our tongue is His tongue, and we have, in reality, no tongue by which we praise Him, since the ascription of everything terminates in Him.

﴿شعر : فإن قلت بالتنزيه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي إن وقفت عند تنزيهك

i.e., if you halt at your tanzīh,

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.