Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ سُبُّوحِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ نُوحِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶9 in the text

9 · 77 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَعَلِمَ العُلَمَاءُ بِاللهِ مَا أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ نُوحٌ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ فِي حَقِّ قَوْمِهِ مِنْ الثَّنَاءِ عَلَيْهِمْ بِلِسَانِ الذَّمِّ وعلم أَنَّهُمْ إِنَّمَا لَمْ يُجِيبُوا دَعْوَتَهُ لِمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الفُرْقَانِ وَالأَمْرُ قُرْآنٌ لَا فُرْقَانٌ وَمَنْ أُقِيمَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ لَا يُصْغِي إِلَى الفُرْقَانِ وَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ فَإِنَّ الْقُرْآنَ يَتَضَمَّنُ الفُرْقَانَ وَالفُرْقَانُ لَا يَتَضَمَّنُ الْقُرْآنَ وَلِهَذَا مَا اخْتَصَّ بِالْقُرْآنِ إِلَّا مُحَمَّدٌ صلى اللهُ عليهِ وسلَّمَ وَهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةُ الَّتِي هِيَ خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ فَ لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِۦ شَىْءٌ يَجْمَعُ الأَمْرَ فِي أَمْرٍ وَاحِدٍ

So those who know by God knew what Noah (peace be upon him) alluded to concerning his people: praise of them in the tongue of blame. And [such a knower] knew that they did not respond to his summons only because of the discrimination (furqān) it contained, whereas the matter is a gathering (qurʾān), not a discrimination; and whoever has been established in the gathering does not lend an ear to discrimination, even though it is within it. For the gathering includes discrimination, but discrimination does not include the gathering. That is why none was singled out for the Qurʾān except Muhammad (God bless him and give him peace) and this community, which is 'the best community brought forth for mankind' [Q 3:110]. Thus 'Nothing is as His likeness' [Q 42:11] gathers the matter into a single matter.

On the whole passage · 2 of 7

al-Tilimsānī

﴿فجمع الأمرين في أمر واحد. فلو أن نوحا يأتي بمثل هذه الآية لفظا أجابوه، فإنه شبه ونزه في آية واحدة، بل في نصف آية. و نوح، عليه السلام، دعا قومه ليلا من حيث عقولهم وروحانيتهم فإنها غيب. ونهارا دعاهم أيضا من حيث ظاهر صورهم وحسهم، وما جمع في الدعوة مثل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ليس كمثله شيء

of their forms and their sense-perception. But he never combined in the call [something] like] 'there is nothing like unto Him' —

Jāmī

﴿و علم أنهم إنما لم يجيبوا دعوته لما فيها من الفرقان، و الأمر قرآن لا فرقان، و من أقيم في القرآن لا يصغي إلى الفرقان و إن كان فيه. فإن القرآن يتضمن الفرقان و الفرقان لا يتضمن القرآن. و لهذا ما اختص بالقرآن إلا محمد صلى الله عليه و سلم و هذه الأمة التي هي خير أمة أخرجت للناس. فـ « ليس كمثله شيء» يجمع الأمرين في أمر واحد.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وفي النسخة المقروءة على الشيخ رضي الله عنه (وعلم) باعتبار كل واحد هو عطف على قوله : علم العلماء عطف تفسير فإن فيه الثناء عليهم بلسان الذم (أنهم) ، أي قوم نوح عليه السلام

In the copy read before the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, it is "and he knew" (wa ʿalima) with respect to each one—this is conjoined to his statement "the knowledge of the knowers" as an explanatory conjunction, for in it is praise for them by way of the tongue of blame—"that they", that is, the people of Noah, peace be upon him,

al-Qāshānī

﴿فعلم العلماء باللَّه ما أشار إليه نوح في حق قومه من الثناء عليهم بلسان الذم﴾

فإن العزيز الجليل لما تعزز بجلاله ، وأقام أهل الذل والتأخير في مرتبة خير من مراتب جميع الوجود كان هو المانع عن تقدمهم ، فيكون العالم باللَّه الهادي بهدايته يذمهم بلسان الاسم الهادي بذم هو عين الثناء والمدح بلسان التوحيد ، لعلمه بأن إجابتهم الداعي إلى المقام الأعلى ومقام الجمال والتقدم لا تكون إلا هذه الصنعة. وكلما كان المدعو أصلب في دينه وأشد إباء الداعي إلى ضد مقامه كان أشد طاعة وقبولا لأمر ربه وحكمه حتى إن إباء إبليس عن السجود وعصيانه واستكباره بحسب ظاهر الأمر عين سجوده وطاعته وخدمته وتواضعه لربه باعتبار الإرادة ، فإن العزيز الجليل أقامه في حجاب العزة والجلال ذليلا محجوبا حتى يكون إبليس . فلم يكن له بد من موافقة مراده لذلك أقسم بعزته ، فإن الإغواء مقتضى العزة والاحتجاب بحجب الجلال

For the Mighty, the Majestic, having asserted His might through His majesty, established the people of abasement and being-held-back in a station that is among the best of all the stations of existence—He Himself being the One who prevented their advancement. So the knower of God, guided by His guidance, blames them in the language of the guiding Name (al-Hādī) with a blame that is itself praise and commendation in the language of unification—because he knows that their answering the caller to the higher station, the station of beauty (jamāl) and precedence, could only come about through this very artifice. And the more firm the one called is in his religion, and the more he refuses the caller to the opposite of his station, the more obedient and accepting he is of his Lord's command and ruling—so much so that Iblīs's refusal to prostrate, his disobedience and arrogance, in respect of outward appearance, is itself his prostration, obedience, service, and humility toward his Lord, considered with respect to [divine] will. For the Mighty, the Majestic, established him, abased and veiled, within the veil of might and majesty, that he might be Iblīs—so he had no choice but to comply with what was willed of him. Therefore He swore by His might, for leading astray (ighwāʾ) is required by might and veiling through the veils of majesty.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فعلم العلماء بالله ما أشار إليه نوح، عليه السلام، في حق قومه من الثناء عليهم بلسان الذم﴾

أي، علم الراسخون في العلم بالله وأسمائه وصفاته الذين هم أصحاب الكشف والشهود، معنى ما أشار إليه نوح، عليه السلام، في حق قومه سرا بلسان الذم من حيث صورة الشريعة، وهو الثناء عليهم في الحقيقة. وذلك لأنهم قبلوا دعوته بالفعل لا بالقول: فإنه دعاهم إلى الاسم الظاهر، وهو عالم الملك، ثم إلى الاسم الباطن، وهو عالم الملكوت، ثم إلى الفناء في الله، ذاتا ووجودا وصفة وفعلا، كما مر تقريره آنفا، ولم يف استعدادهم بالترقي إلى هذا الكمال، فسدوا آذانهم من إجابة دعوته مكرا منهم وحيلة ليدعو عليهم بظهور الحق بالتجلي الذاتي بصفة القهارية، فيحصل لهم الكمال المدعو إليه بلسان نبيهم بإجابة دعائه. فدعا عليهم وأوصلهم بكمالهم رحمة منه عليهم في صورة النقمة . كما يشاهد اليوم فيمن ابتلي بامر منهي لا يقدر على استخلاص نفسه من تلك الخصلة الذميمة، ويحصل له الملامة بسببها كل حين، أنه يطلب من الحاكم إفناء نفسه بلسان قاله وحاله ليخلصه منها. وهذا حال العارفين منأمته. وأما حال المؤمنين المحجوبين منهم والكافرين به فأيضا كذلك، وإن لم يعرفوا ذلك. فإن كل أحد له كمال يليق باستعداده. والنبي رحمة من الله إلى أمته يوصل كلا منهم إلى كماله، لذلك دعا عليهم جملة. والشيخ رضي الله عنه نزل الآيات كلها بما يليق بحال الكمل المهديين منهم، لأنهم هم الأناسي في الحقيقة لا غير

— that is, those firmly rooted in knowledge of God and His Names and Attributes, who are the people of unveiling (kashf) and witnessing (shuhūd), knew the meaning of what Noah, upon him be peace, indicated secretly concerning his people in the language of blame from the aspect of the outward form of the Sacred Law — which is, in reality, praise of them. This is because they accepted his call in deed, not in word: for he called them to the Manifest Name, which is the world of Dominion (al-mulk); then to the Nonmanifest Name, which is the world of the Kingdom (al-malakūt); then to annihilation (fanāʾ) in God — in Essence, existence, attribute, and act — as was explained just above. But their preparedness (istiʿdād) did not suffice for ascent to this perfection, so they stopped their ears against answering his call, out of guile and stratagem on their part, so that he would call down [destruction] upon them through the manifestation of the Real by way of the essential self-disclosure (tajallī dhātī) with the quality of overwhelming subjugation (qahhāriyya), whereby they would attain the perfection to which they had been called by the tongue of their prophet, through the answering of his prayer [against them]. So he prayed against them and thereby brought them to their perfection — a mercy from him toward them in the form of vengeance. This is witnessed today in one who is afflicted with some forbidden matter, unable to free himself from that blameworthy trait, and who is reproached because of it constantly: he seeks from the ruler that he be made to perish, by the tongue of his state and his condition, that he might be delivered from it. This is the state of the gnostics (ʿārifūn) among his community. As for the state of the veiled believers among them, and of the unbelievers in him — it is likewise so, even though they do not recognize it. For every individual has a perfection befitting his preparedness. And the Prophet is a mercy from God to his community, bringing each of them to his [own] perfection; therefore he prayed against them altogether. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, applied all the verses in a manner befitting the state of the perfected ones among them who were rightly guided, for they are truly human beings (al-nāsūt) in reality, and none other.

Ibn Turka

﴿فعلم العلماء باللَّه ما أشار إليه نوح في حقّ قومه من الثناء عليهم بلسان الذمّ﴾

في مقابلة ما صدر عنهم من إجابة دعوته في صورة الإباء والاستكبار ، والقيام بما يجب عليهم من عين العصيان والإصرار . وأمثال هذه الإشارات إنّما يفهمها العلماء باللَّه ، ممن له ذوق المشرب الختميّ الإحاطيّ ، حتّى يعرف شرب كلّ من الأنبياء من ذلك المجمع المعتنق للأطراف ، وقدر ما لكلّ منهم من الدخل فيه ، فهذا دخل نوح فيه . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (وعلم) أيضا أولئك العلماء

in response to what issued from them of answering his call in the form of refusal and arrogance, and their fulfilling what was obligatory upon them by way of the very act of disobedience and persistence therein. The like of these allusions are understood only by the knowers of God who possess the taste of the Seal-like, all-comprehensive station, so that one may know the draught of each of the prophets from that comprehensive gathering-place embracing all extremities, and the measure of each one's share therein - this being Noah's share therein. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (And) those knowers also knew

Jāmī

﴿فعلم العلماء بالله ما أشار إليه نوح عليه السلام في حق قومه من الثناء عليهم بلسان الذم،﴾

الكاف زائدة فيفيد نفي المثل فيكون تنزيها أو بناء على أن نفي مثل المثل فإنه لو كان له مثل يلزم أن يكون لمثله وهو نفسه . وقال

the kāf [in "ka-mithlihi"] is extra/redundant, so it conveys the negation of any likeness, making it a declaration of incomparability; or on the basis that it negates the likeness of the likeness — for if He had a likeness, it would necessarily follow that the likeness would itself have a likeness, which would be Himself. And he said

﴿فعلم العلماء بالله﴾

وأسمائه وصفاته أو العلماء به لا لأنفسهم

and His names and attributes, or the knowers by Him, not for themselves.

Bālī Zāde

﴿فعلم العلماء بالله تعالی ما أشار إليه نوح عليه السلام في من قومه من الثناء عليهم بلسان الذم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي كل واحد من العلماء من أي أمم كانوا ممن سمع كلام نوح عليه السلام من أي لسان كان علموا من وجوه نظم كلامه . فإن هذا الثناء دعاء عليه في حق بعضهم بالمفهوم ودعاء له في بعضهم بالإشارة كما سنذكره. (وعلموا) أي العلماء بالله تعالى أضمر الفاعل للعلم به

That is, each one of those who know [God], from whatever nations they may be, among those who heard the speech of Noah, peace be upon him, in whatever tongue, knew from the modes of composition of his speech [what was intended]. For this praise is, with respect to some of them, an invocation against them by [explicit] meaning (mafhūm), and with respect to others, an invocation for them by allusion (ishāra), as we shall mention. ("And they knew") that is, those who know God, Exalted — the agent [of the verb] is left implicit because it is known [from context].

Jāmī

﴿ما أشار إليه نوح عليه السلام في حق قومه من الثناء عليهم﴾

معنی (لسان الذم) صورة . وعلموا، أي العلماء بالله . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

in the meaning of "blame in outward form" (lisān al-dhamm ṣūratan). And they knew—that is, the knowers of God. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

﴿، أي قوم نوح عليه السلام﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

مكرا) به

with scheming) against him

Bālī Zāde

﴿يقصد قوم نوح عليه السلام﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(لأنه) أي الله تعالى وهر المدعو إليه

["because he"] i.e., God Most High, is the one to whom the call is made (al-madʿūw ilayhi).

al-Qāshānī

﴿وفي نوح عليه السلام﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي وفي النوحيين أو في قوم نوح ، لأن هذا الخطاب لبني إسرائيل وما هم ذرية نوح حين قال – " وآتَيْنا مُوسَى الْكِتابَ وجَعَلْناه هُدىً لِبَنِي إِسْرائِيلَ "

that is, and in the Noahic ones (al-Nūḥiyyīn), or in the people of Noah, for this address is to the Children of Israel, and they are the progeny of Noah, when He said — "And We gave Moses the Book and made it a guidance for the Children of Israel"

Jāmī

﴿وقال نوح عليه السلام﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في بيان حكمته المقصودة له من الأمر بالاستغفار

in explaining the wisdom he intended by the command to seek forgiveness (al-istighfār)

﴿، أي نوح عليه السلام﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بالرب) ، أي بذكر الرب

by "the Lord"), that is, by mentioning "the Lord"

﴿نوح عليه السلام﴾

عليهم) ، أي على قومه

against them), that is, against his people

Bālī Zāde

﴿قال نوح عليه السلام﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في دعائه

in his supplication:

al-Qāshānī

﴿وعلم أنهم إنما لم يجيبوا دعوته لما فيها من الفرقان﴾

أي التفصيل وترك شق من الوجود إلى شق آخر ، أي من صورة الكثرة إلى الوحدة ، ومن اسم المذل إلى المعز ، ومن المفضل إلى الهادي

that is, distinction/separation, and leaving one side of existence for another—that is, from the form of multiplicity to unity, and from the Name the Abaser (al-Mudhill) to the Elevator (al-Muʿizz), and from the Bestower of favor (al-Mufaḍḍil) to the Guide (al-Hādī).

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وعلم أنهم إنما لم يجيبوا دعوته لما فيها من الفرقان، والأمر قرآن لا فرقان.﴾

أي، وعلم نوح، عليه السلام، أنهم إنما لم يجيبوا دعوته بالقول لما فيها من الفرقان، أي بين الحق والخلق الذي هو المظاهر، أو بين التشبيه والتنزيه. والكمال التام القرآن، أي الجمع بينهما، لأنه مأخوذ من (القرء) وهو الجمع. وليس ذلك مقامه، وإلا كان الواجب عليه أن يأتي بالقرآن الجامع بين التشبيه والتنزيه ليؤمنوا به وبربه، إذ السعي والاجتهاد على الأنبياء، بكلما يقدرونه ،واجب عليهم. ويجوز أن يكون (علم) بتشديد اللام، من (التعليم) عطفا على (أشار). أي، أشار بهذا القول: وعلم العلماء أنهم إنما لم يجيبوا دعوته لإتيانه بالفرقان

— that is, Noah, upon him be peace, knew that they did not answer his call in word only because of what it contained of differentiation — that is, between the Real and creation, which are the loci of manifestation, or between tashbīh and tanzīh. And complete perfection is the Qur'ān — that is, the combining of the two — for it is derived from "al-qarʾ," which means combining/gathering. And that was not his [Noah's] station; otherwise it would have been incumbent upon him to bring the Qur'ān that combines tashbīh and tanzīh, that they might believe in it and in their Lord, since striving and exertion, to the utmost of their capacity, is obligatory upon the prophets. It is also possible that [the word rendered] "knew" (ʿalima) is with doubling of the lām, from "instruction" (taʿlīm), in conjunction with "indicated" — that is, he indicated by this statement, and he instructed the knowers, that they did not answer his call only because of his bringing the Furqān.

Ibn Turka

﴿أنّهم إنما لم يجيبوا دعوته﴾

بلسان التلقّي والإقبال على ما هو المفهوم من لفظ الإجابة مطلق

in the sense of reception and turning toward [him], which is what is understood from the term "response" in its absolute sense

Bālī Zāde

﴿أنهم إنما لم يجيبوا دعوته … لما فيها من الفرقان﴾

بين التشبيه والتنزيه (والأمر) أي الدعوة الموجبة للإجابة (قرآن) أي جمع بين التنزيه والتشبيه

between tashbīh and tanzīh. ("Whereas the matter [that necessitates the answering]") that is, the call that necessitates the response, ("is a combination," qurʾān) that is, a combining of tanzīh and tashbīh.

Jāmī

﴿إنما لم يجيبوا دعوته لما فيها من الفرقان﴾

بين التنزيه والتشبيه فتارة دعاهم إلى التنزيه وتارة دعاهم إلى التشبيه ولم يجمع بينهما. (والأمر) في نفسه (قرآن) وجمع بينهما فإن التنزية إنما هو باعتبار الاسم الباطن والتشبيه باعتبار الاسم الظاهر "وهو سبحانه باطن في غير ظاهريته وظاهر في عين باطنية"

between incomparability (tanzīh) and similarity (tashbīh). For sometimes he called them to incomparability and sometimes he called them to similarity, without joining the two together. (Whereas the Command) in itself (is a Qur'ān), joining the two together; for incomparability pertains to the nonmanifest name (al-ism al-bāṭin) and similarity pertains to the manifest name (al-ism al-ẓāhir), "and He, glory be to Him, is nonmanifest in other than His manifestness, and manifest in the very essence of His nonmanifestness."

Words 24–27 · 1 of 7

لِمَا فِيهَا مِنَ الفُرْقَانِ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿لما فيها من الفرقان﴾

على ما هو مقتضى بعثته من الستر والإخفاء ، الذي عليه قهرمان زمانه . ( والأمر ) في نفسه وبحسب الكمال الإنسانيّ الذي جبّل عليه حقيقته ( قرآن ) ضرورة أنّه الكون الجامع المتّصف بالوجود ، وهو إنّما يقتضي الوحدة الجمعيّة القرآنيّة ، إذ لا كثرة في الوجود و

according to what his mission required, of concealment and hiding, which is what the master (qahramān) of his age was governed by. As for the Command (al-amr) in itself and in accordance with the human perfection upon which his reality was formed, it is a qurʾān (a gathering-together), necessarily, since it is the all-comprehensive being (al-kawn al-jāmiʿ) qualified by existence, and this necessarily requires the gathering unity of the qurʾānic sort, since there is no multiplicity in existence and

Words 28–29 · 1 of 7

وَالأَمْرُ قُرْآنٌ

Only al-Qāshānī comments here.

al-Qāshānī

﴿والأمر قرآن﴾

أي الأمر الإلهي

that is, the divine command/matter.

al-Qāshānī

﴿لا فرقان﴾

أي والأمر الإلهي جامع شامل للمراتب كلها ، فللذئب دين وللغنم ، وكل يدين بدينه مطيع لربه مسبح له بحمده . قوله

that is, the divine command/matter is all-comprehensive and inclusive of all the levels/degrees. So the wolf has its religion, and the sheep has its religion, and each is devoted to its own religion, obedient to its Lord, glorifying Him with His praise. His saying:

Ibn Turka

﴿لا فرقان﴾

فيه أصلا ، فإنّه إنّما يقتضيه العدم ضرورة أنّه كونيّ

in it at all, for that is only required by nonexistence, being necessarily cosmic (kawnī)

Jāmī

﴿لا فرقان﴾

وتمييز بينهما

and a distinguishing between the two.

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا فرقان ومن أقيم﴾

من الله تعالی

by God, Exalted,

al-Qāshānī

﴿ومن أقيم في القرآن … لا يصغى إلى الفرقان … وإن كان فيه﴾

أي وإن كان الفرقان في القرآن

that is, even if furqān is present within qurʾān.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ومن أقيم في القرآن لا يصغى إلى الفرقان﴾

أي، ومن أقيم في مقام الجمع بين التشبيه والتنزيه، كنبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، لا يصغى إلى قول من يقول بالفرقان المحض كالمنزه وحده، كنوح عليه السلام، والمشبه وحده ، كقومه. فمن يكون قائلا بالشق الآخر من الفرقان، وهو التشبيه، فهو بالطريق الأولى أن لا يصغى إلى قول من يقول بالتنزيه المحض فقط. ومن أقيم في مقام الجمع الذي هو حق بلا خلق، كالمجذوبين والموحدين الصرفة، لا يقدر على إصغاء مرتبة الفرق بين الحق والخلق وبين التنزيه والتشبيه، كما يقدر على إصغائه الكامل، فإنه يرى الخلق في مقامه، والحق في مقامه، ويجمع بينهما في كل من المقامين، كذلك في التشبيه والتنزيه

— that is, whoever is established in the station of combining tashbīh and tanzīh, like our Prophet Muḥammad, upon him blessings and peace, does not give ear to the speech of one who holds to pure differentiation (furqān maḥḍ), such as one who declares incomparability alone, like Noah, upon him be peace, or one who declares similarity alone, like his people. So whoever holds to the other side of differentiation, namely tashbīh, is all the more one who does not give ear to the speech of one who holds to pure tanzīh alone. And whoever is established in the station of union (jamʿ), which is the Real without creation, like those overwhelmed [in ecstasy] (majdhūbūn) and the pure unitarians (muwaḥḥidūn ṣirfa), is not able to give ear to the rank of differentiation between the Real and creation, and between tanzīh and tashbīh, as the perfect one (al-kāmil) is able to give it ear. For he sees creation in its station, and the Real in its station, and combines the two in each of the two stations — likewise in tashbīh and tanzīh.

Ibn Turka

﴿ومن أقيم﴾

بحسب حقيقته الأصليّة

according to his original reality

Jāmī

﴿ومن أقيم في القرآن﴾

والجمع بين التشبيه والتنزيه وإن كانت تلك الإقامة بحسب الفطرة الأصلية المعتبرة بالأمور العادية كما كانت لقوم نوح عليه السلام فإن كل من له جهة روحانية وجهة جسمانية فهو ممن أقيم بحسب فطرته الأصلية في القرآن وإن غلبت عليه إحدى الجهتين

that is, in the joining of similarity and incomparability, even if that establishment be according to the original fiṭra as reckoned by customary matters, as was the case with the people of Noah, peace be upon him. For everyone who has a spiritual aspect and a corporeal aspect is among those established, according to their original fiṭra, in the Qur'ān, even if one of the two aspects predominates over him.

Words 34–35 · 2 of 7

فِي الْقُرْآنِ

Ibn Turka

﴿في القرآن﴾

ويكون موطنه هناك

his abode being there

Bālī Zāde

﴿في القرآن﴾

أي في مقام الجمع الأسمائي كنبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم

combination (qurʾān)"] that is, in the station of the combining of the names (al-jamʿ al-asmāʾī), like our Prophet Muḥammad, God bless him and grant him peace,

Ibn Turka

﴿لا يصغي إلى الفرقان ، وإن كان فيه﴾

بحسب نشأتها الطارية عليها في كلمته الظاهرة في ذلك الزمان ، وذلك هو الذي أوقع كلمته هناك بحسب تطوّراته الاستيداعيّة . وذلك وإن كان لسانه المفصح عنه ولكن ما طلب فهمه ، إلَّا مقتضى حقيقته الأصليّة فلذلك ما أصغى إلى الفرقان لعدم دلالته على القرآن . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

according to the configuration (nashʾa) that supervenes upon him in his word (kalima) as manifested in that time, and this is what caused his word to fall there according to its deposited (istīdāʿiyya) transformations. And although this was his tongue that expressed it, what was sought to be understood was nothing but the requirement of his original reality; hence he did not attend to the furqān, since it does not indicate the qurʾān. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿لا يصغي إلى الفرقان﴾

ولا يقبله بحسب فطرته الأصلية

nor does he accept it, according to his original fiṭra.

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا يصغي﴾

أي لا يميل في دعوة أمنه

that is, does not lean, in calling his community,

Words 38–39 · 1 of 7

إِلَى الفُرْقَانِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلى الفرقان﴾

أي إلى القوم الذي لا جمع فيه أي لا يدعو أمنه إلا بالجمع بين التنزيه والتشبيه لأجل عدم إقامة نوح عليه السلام في القرآن أي في الجمع الاسماني لا يدعو قومه به بل بالقول الفرقاني

that is, toward the discourse in which there is no combining — meaning he calls his community only by combining tanzīh and tashbīh — on account of Noah, peace be upon him, not being established in the [station of] combination (qurʾān), that is, in the combining of the names; he did not call his people by it, but rather by discriminating speech (al-qawl al-furqānī).

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وإن كان فيه، فإن القرآن يتضمن الفرقان والفرقان لا يتضمن القرآن.﴾

(إن) للمبالغة. أي، وإن كان الفرقان حاصلا في القرآن. فإن القرآن لكونه مقام الجمع يتضمن الفرقان، وهو مقام التفصيل، فيجمع صاحبه بينهما. فما يحكم عليه الفرقان، من التشبيه والتنزيه، أجزاء لمقام القرآن دون العكس. ويجوز أن يعود ضمير (كان) إلى (من). أي، وإن كان من أقيم في القرآن ومقام الجمع هو في حين الفرقان، لأنه محجوب بالحق عن الخلق، وبالجمع عن الفرق، قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

— "in" [kāna] here is for emphasis. That is, even though the Furqān is present within the Qur'ān, the Qur'ān — being the station of union — comprises the Furqān, which is the station of differentiation; thus its possessor combines the two. So whatever is governed by the Furqān, of tashbīh and tanzīh, are parts belonging to the station of the Qur'ān, not the reverse. It is also possible that the pronoun in "kāna" refers back to "whoever" (man) — that is, even if the one established in the Qur'ān and the station of union is, at the time, in [the state of] the Furqān, [it makes no difference,] since he is veiled by the Real from creation, and by union from differentiation. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿وإن كان﴾

أي المقيم في القرأن بحسب فطرته (فيه) ، أي في الفرقان بحسب الأمور العادية الخارجية عن فطرته فان ما بالذات لا يزول بالعرض، وإنما لا يصغي إلى الفرقان

that is, the one established in the Qur'ān according to his fiṭra (is contained within it), that is, within the furqān, according to customary external matters extraneous to his fiṭra; for what belongs essentially does not vanish by what is accidental. Thus he does not incline toward the furqān.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وإن كان فيه﴾

أي وإن الفرقان في القرآن

that is, even though discrimination (furqān) is within combination (qurʾān),

al-Qāshānī

﴿فإن القرآن يتضمن الفرقان ، والفرقان لا يتضمن القرآن﴾

أي فإن تفاصيل المراتب والأسماء المقتضية لها موجودة في الجمع والجمع لا يوجد في التفاصيل ، أو وإن كان الذي أقيم في القرآن ولا يصغى في الفرقان في عين الفرقان فإن التفاصيل موجودة في الجمع ، وأهل كل مرتبة في مراتب التفصيل أهل تفرقة فرقانية في عين الجمع كقوم نوح فإنهم أهل الحجاب وعباد الكثرات ، لا يجيبون إلى التوحيد وتنزيه التجريد . ومن كان مرتبته الجمع كنوح عليه السلام يطلع على مراتبهم ويعذر الكل ، ويعلم أن إنكارهم عين الإقرار وفرارهم عين الإجابة ، كما قال على كرم الله وجهه : يشهد له أعلام الوجود على إقرار قلب ذى الجحود

that is, the details of the levels/degrees and the Names that require them exist within the all-comprehensive (jamʿ), whereas the all-comprehensive is not found within the details. Or: even though the one established in qurʾān and not inclined toward furqān is [nonetheless] within furqān itself—for the details exist within the all-comprehensive—and the people of each level, among the levels of detail, are people of furqān-differentiation within the all-comprehensive itself, like the people of Noah: they are people of veiling and worshippers of multiplicities, who do not answer the call to unification and to the tanzīh of stripping-away (tajrīd). But whoever's station is the all-comprehensive, like Noah, peace be upon him, becomes aware of their levels and excuses them all, and knows that their denial is itself affirmation, and their flight is itself response—as ʿAlī, may God ennoble his face, said: 'The signs of existence bear witness for him to the affirmation in the heart of the denier.'

Ibn Turka

﴿فإنّ القرآن﴾

الجمعيّ الوجوديّ

the existential, all-gathering one

Jāmī

﴿فإن القرآن يتضمن الفرقان﴾

فإن الجزء لا يتضمن الكل فالقرآن أكمل من الفرقان و من الفطرة السليمة الإنسانية، لا يميل إلى المفضول مع وجود الفاضل. فعلم من ذلك أن فرار قوم نوح و تصاممهم عن دعوته إلى الفرقان إنما كان لكونهم مقيمين بحسب فطرتهم وإن لم يشعروا بذلك في القرآن فذكروا فرارهم وتصاممهم، وإن كان بحسب الظاهر ذما لهم، فهو بحسب الحقيقة ثناء عليهم. (ولهذا) ، أي لكون القرآن أكمل من الفرقان

for the part does not comprise the whole; the Qur'ān is more complete than the furqān and than the sound human fiṭra, which does not incline toward the lesser while the more excellent is present. From this it is known that the flight of Noah's people and their feigned deafness to his call to the furqān was only because they were established, according to their fiṭra—even without their being aware of it—in the Qur'ān. So their flight and feigned deafness were mentioned; although in outward appearance this was blame of them, in reality it was praise of them. (For this reason)—that is, because the Qur'ān is more complete than the furqān—

Bālī Zāde

﴿فإن القرآن يتضمن الفرقان﴾

لكون الفرقان جزءا من القرآن

since discrimination is a part of combination,

Words 45–46 · 1 of 7

يَتَضَمَّنُ الفُرْقَانَ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿يتضمّن الفرقان﴾

الفرقيّ الكونيّ ، ضرورة أنّ الجمع يستوعب جميع ما في التفرقة من الأفراد ، مع الهيئة الجمعيّة التي ليس فيها شيء من ذلك ، فله دلالة عليه بالتضمّن ( والفرقان ) الفرقىّ

the cosmic, differentiating one, necessarily, since the gathering (jamʿ) encompasses all the individual instances that are in differentiation (tafriqa), together with the gathered configuration (al-hayʾa al-jamʿiyya) in which none of that exists; so it has an indication of it by way of implication (taḍammun). As for the furqān, the differentiating one

Ibn Turka

﴿لا يتضمّن القرآن﴾

الجمعيّ ولا دلالة عليه أصلا ، فلذلك ما أصغي إليه فظهر أنّ صاحب الجمعيّة هو القرآن ، فيكون القرآن أكمل من الفرقان . المناسبات الحرفية في ألفاظ الإنسان والفرقان والقرآن وهاهنا تلويح له مزيد دخل في تبيين هذا الكلام وتحقيقه ، وهو أنّ الألف والنون - على أيّ ترتيب كان إذا كان تامّ الدلالة يدلّ على النفس والذات ، التي هي مبدأ ظهور الوجود ومصدر إظهار العلم ، الذي مظهره الكلام لا غير ، والذي يصلح لظهور ذلك فيه من الكائنات الإنسان ، وما يظهره من جوارحه أعني اللسان والبنان . ثمّ إنّ الإنسان مشتمل عليها ظاهرا وباطنا : أمّا باطنا فلأنّ حقيقته هي البرزخ بين العلم والوجود ، وأمّا ظاهرا فلأنّ صورته كونيّة وجوديّة ، فهي مشتملة عليهما كما سبق بيانه ، ولذلك تراه محفوفا بهم . وأمّا البنان والبيان : وإن كان بحسب المعنى والبطون لهما الإحاطة بالعلم والوجود بسائر مراتبهما ، لكن صورتهما كونيّة صرفة ، فلذلك تراهما متأخّرين فيهما وفي الفرقان والقرآن ، اللذين بهما تمّ صور تنوّعاتهما . ثمّ إنّ القرآن له خصوصيّة إلى الكمال الإنساني ، وهي أنّه إذا حوسب عقدا ما يمتاز به عن الإنسان ونسب إلى ما به يمتاز الإنسان عنه يكون ذلك نسبة النصفيّة التي هي أخصّ نسبة بالجمعيّة ، وذلك لأنّ النصف هو البرزخ الجامع وأمّا الفرقان فإذا حوسب كذلك يكون ذلك النسبة هو الثلثية ، التي هي التفرقة الصرفة . وجه اختصاص القرآن بالخاتم صلَّى الله عليه وآله وإذ قد عرفت إنّ الرسل إنّما أرسلت بلسان قومهم ، وهو ما ظهر عليهم في طيّ نشأتهم الطارية على أصلهم ، ليتدرّجوا بها إلى فهم القرآن الكماليّ الذي هو كمال آدم بحسب حقيقته الإنسانيّة ، ظهر لك أنّ صاحب القرآن لا يكون إلَّا خاتما . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

the all-gathering one, nor does it indicate it at all; hence he did not attend to it. Thus it becomes clear that the possessor of all-gathering-ness (al-jamʿiyya) is the qurʾān, so the qurʾān is more perfect than the furqān. The letter-correspondences in the words insān (human), furqān, and qurʾān Here there is an allusion that has great bearing on clarifying and verifying this discourse, namely: that the alif and the nūn — in whatever order — when their indication is complete, indicate the self (nafs) and the Essence (dhāt), which is the principle of the manifestation of existence and the source of the manifestation of knowledge, whose locus of manifestation is speech (kalām) alone, and that which is fit for the manifestation of this among existent things is the human being, and what he manifests through his organs, namely the tongue and the fingers. Now the human being encompasses them both outwardly and inwardly: inwardly, because his reality is the isthmus (barzakh) between knowledge and existence; outwardly, because his form is cosmic and existential, thus encompassing both, as was shown before — hence you see him surrounded by them. As for the fingers (banān) and eloquent expression (bayān): although in respect of meaning and hidden aspect (buṭūn) they encompass knowledge and existence in all their levels, their form is purely cosmic; hence you see them coming later in relation to them and to the furqān and the qurʾān, by which the forms of their differentiations are completed. Now the qurʾān has a special property in relation to human perfection (al-kamāl al-insānī), namely that if one calculates numerically what distinguishes it from the human being (insān) and relates it to what distinguishes the human being from it, this relation is the relation of the half (niṣfiyya), which is the most specific relation to all-gathering-ness (jamʿiyya), since the half is the all-comprehensive isthmus. As for the furqān, if calculated likewise, this relation is that of the third (thulthiyya), which is pure differentiation. The reason for the qurʾān's specificity to the Seal, may God's blessings and peace be upon him and his family Now that you know that the messengers were sent only in the tongue of their peoples — that is, what appeared upon them within the unfolding of their configurations (nashʾa) supervening upon their origin, so that they might be gradually led thereby to the understanding of the perfect qurʾān, which is the perfection of Adam according to his human reality — it has become clear to you that the possessor of the qurʾān can only be a Seal. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿والفرقان لا يتضمن القرآن﴾

لوجود الجزء بدون الكل والمراد من القرآن والفرقان أعم من أن يكون تولية أو مقامية فإن مرتبة محمد عليه السلام قرآني متضمن أي جامع لجميع المراتب الفرقانية من الأنبياء وغيرهم . كما أن القرآن القولي متضمن لجميع الفرقان القوني من الكتب المنزلة (ولهذا) أي ولكون القرآن يتضمن الفرقان

since the part can exist without the whole. What is meant by qurʾān and furqān here is more general than [being restricted to] scriptural revelation or stational rank; for the rank of Muḥammad, peace be upon him, is combinatory (qurʾānī), i.e., comprising all the discriminated ranks of the prophets and others — just as the spoken Qurʾān comprises all the discriminated [contents] of the revealed books. ("For this reason") that is, because combination comprises discrimination,

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولهذا ما اختص بالقرآن إلا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلَّم ، وهذه الأمة التي هي خير أمة أخرجت للناس﴾

أي ولأن القرآن يتضمن الفرقان إنما اختص به محمد عليه الصلاة والسلام وأمته لأنه الخاتم . فكان جامعا لمقتضيات جميع الأسماء بجمع التنزيه والتشبيه في أمر واحد ، كما قال ( فليس كمثله شيء ، فجمع الأمور في أمر واحد ) وأثبت الفرق في الجمع والجمع في الفرق ، وحكم بأن الواحد كثير باعتبار والكثير واحد بالحقيقة ، ولهذا بعث عليه الصلاة والسلام بالحنيفية السمحة السهلة ، وأما صاحب الفرقان فأمره صعب ودعوته أصعب وأشق ، لأنه إن دعا إلى التنزيه والتوحيد والجمع بدون التفصيل أجابوه بمفهوم قوله : " ما من دَابَّةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ آخِذٌ بِناصِيَتِها إِنَّ رَبِّي عَلى صِراطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ " . فلا فرق بين الهادي والمضل ولا بين العاصي والمطيع ، بل لا عاصى في هذا الشهود كما أجاب قوم نوح دعوته ، وإن دعا إلى التشبيه والتفصيل أجابوه بمثل قول قوم موسى " أَرِنَا الله جَهْرَةً " - وقولهم – " اجْعَلْ لَنا إِلهاً كَما لَهُمْ آلِهَةٌ " - لأن الداعي في شق والمدعو في شق ، فكل يرجع جانبه ويخالف عن سمته إلى ما يقابله ، بخلاف من جمع بين الجمع والتفصيل والتشبيه والتنزيه

that is, because qurʾān comprises furqān, only Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and his community were singled out with it, since he is the Seal. He was thus comprehensive of the requirements of all the Names, joining tanzīh and tashbīh together in a single matter—as He said, 'There is nothing like Him' [tanzīh]—'Whatever' [tashbīh]—thus combining the two matters into one matter. He affirmed differentiation within the all-comprehensive and the all-comprehensive within differentiation, and judged that the One is many in one respect and the many is One in reality. For this reason he, peace and blessings be upon him, was sent with the easy, tolerant original monotheism (al-ḥanīfiyya al-samḥa al-sahla). As for the possessor of furqān [Noah], his matter is difficult and his call more difficult and more arduous—for if he called to tanzīh, unification, and the all-comprehensive without detail, they would answer him with the implication of His saying: 'There is no creature but He holds it by its forelock; indeed my Lord is on a straight path'—so there would be no difference between the guide and the misguider, nor between the disobedient and the obedient; rather there is no disobedient one in this witnessing—just as Noah's people answered his call [by refusing, which is itself a form of response]. And if he called to tashbīh and detail, they would answer him with something like the saying of Moses's people: 'Show us God openly'—and their saying: 'Make for us a god just as they have gods'—because the caller is in one respect and the one called is in another respect, so each returns to his own side and deviates from his path toward what opposes it—unlike the one who combines the all-comprehensive and the detailed, the tashbīh and the tanzīh.

al-Jandī

﴿ولهذا ما اختصّ بالقرآن إلَّا محمّد صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم وهذه الأمة التي هي خير أمّة أخرجت للناس ف﴾

لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِه ِ شَيْءٌ

'There is nothing like unto Him' [Q. 42:11]

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ولهذا ما اختص بالقرآن إلا محمد، صلى الله عليه وسلم، وهذه الأمة التي هي "خير أمة أخرجت للناس".﴾

أي، ولكون المقام القرآني الجمعي بين مقامي التنزيه والتشبيه أكمل من مقام كل منهما، ما اختص به إلا محمد، صلى الله عليه وسلم، لأنه مظهر الاسم الأعظم الجامع للأسماء، فله مقام الجمع وبتبعيته لأمته التي هي خير أمة

That is, because the Qurʾānic station, which comprehensively joins the two stations of tanzīh and tashbīh, is more perfect than the station of either one alone, none but Muḥammad, God bless him and grant him peace, was singled out for it, since he is the locus of manifestation of the Supreme Name that comprehends all the [divine] Names, and so his is the station of all-comprehensiveness (jamʿ) — and, by way of his being followed, [it belongs also to] his Community, which is the best community.

Ibn Turka

﴿ولهذا ما اختصّ بالقرآن إلَّا محمد صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم﴾

الذي به تمّ دائرة الكمال الإنساني ، وبتلك النقطة حصل لها الصورة الجمعيّة الوحدانيّة وجودا وشهودا ، ظهورا وإظهارا ، شعورا وإشعارا وذلك لأنّ سائر الأنبياء لهم العلم بالجمعيّة القرآنيّة ، فلهم الظهور به ، ولكن أمر إظهاره متوقّف على أنّ أمم زمانه مستعدّون لأن يكونوا امّة الخاتم ، وإليه أشار بقوله

by whom the circle of human perfection was completed, and at that point the gathered, unitary form was obtained, in existence and witnessing, in manifestation and making-manifest, in awareness and making-aware. This is because the rest of the prophets possess the knowledge of qurʾānic all-gathering-ness, and thus have manifestation through it, but the matter of its actual manifestation is dependent upon whether the communities (umam) of his time are prepared to be the community of the Seal. To this he alluded by his saying

Jāmī

﴿ما اختص بالقرآن … إلا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم … وهذه الأمة التي هي خير أمة أخرجت للناس﴾

[آل عمران : 110] بالمتابعة . والمراد بالقرآن الذي اختص به محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم وأمته إنم هو الحقيقة السوائية الاعتدالية الجامعة بين التنزيه والتشبيه وسائر المتقابلات بحيث لا يغلب أحد المتقابلين على الآخر في مرتبة من المراتب. لأن مجرد الجمعية الفطرية المذكورة آنفا ، فإنها مشتركة بين جميع الأفراد الإنسانية

[Āl ʿImrān: 110] through following him. What is meant by the Qur'ān with which Muḥammad, God's blessings and peace be upon him, and his community were singled out is only the equilibrated, balanced reality (al-ḥaqīqa al-sawāʾiyya al-iʿtidāliyya) that joins together incomparability and similarity and all other opposites, such that neither of the two opposites predominates over the other in any level. For mere fiṭra-jointness as mentioned above is shared among all human individuals.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما اختص بالقرآن إلا محمد عليه السلام﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لكونه متضمنا لجميع الفرقان المرتبي فما أنزل الله تعالى القرآن إلا إلى القرآن

since he comprises all the discriminated stational ranks; so God, Exalted, sent down the Qurʾān only to [the one who is] combinatory (al-Qurʾān).

Jāmī

﴿كما أجاب أمة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإنه) ، أي محمد

(for he), that is, Muḥammad,

﴿فما دعا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم قومه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

تارة (لي) إلى التنزيه (و) تارة (نهارا) إلى التشبيه كما دعا نوح قومه كذلك

at times (by night) to incomparability (tanzīh) (and) at times (by day) to similarity (tashbīh), just as Noah called his people thus.

Ibn Turka

﴿وهذه الامّة التي هي خير امّة أخرجت للناس﴾

بميامن مناسبتهم له وحسن تأسّيهم به . التلويحات العددية في لفظ محمّد والإنسان ونوح ومن التلويحات التي لها كثير دخل هاهنا أنّ للإنسان من العقود ، التسعة المتّسعة للكلّ ، وأمّا محمد فقد اشتمل عليها بزيادة اثنين : أحدهما إشارة إلى كماله ، والآخر إلى ختمه ، ولا يخفى على الفطن أنّ العقد الإنسانيّ بضم هذا الواحد الكماليّ إليه قد بلغ إلى ما يرجع إلى الواحد الجامع بين الوحدة والكثرة ، فمحمّد صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم هو الواحد الجامع إنسانا وبيانا ، ظهورا وإظهارا ، فهو المثل الذي لا يمكن مثله . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( فليس كمثله شيء ، فجمع الأمر في أمر واحد ) لأنّه قد أدرج كلَّا من المتقابلين في الآخر ، والأمر لا يخلو منهما فجمع الكل في واحد . وأمّا نوح : وإن كان له أيضا ذلك العقد الكامل رسالة ونبوّة ولكن ما ظهر في « محمد » من الزيادة الختميّة قد تبطَّن فيه منفصلا ، وما ظهر فيه من الكثرة الفرقيّة تبطن في « محمد » متوصّلا مجتمعا ، ولذلك ما كان له أن يظهر مثل ذلك الإظهار ، ولا أن يأتي بيانا تامّا وكلمة جامعة . الفوارق بين دعوتي نوح ومحمّد عليهما السّلام قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

by the blessed felicity of their correspondence (munāsaba) to him and the excellence of their following his example. Numerical allusions in the words Muḥammad, Insān, and Nūḥ Among the allusions that have great bearing here is that the human being (insān) has nine as its numerical value, encompassing (numerically) the totality; as for Muḥammad, its value comprises this plus two additional units: one pointing to his perfection, the other to his sealing. It is not hidden from the discerning that the numerical value of insān, with this one perfective unit added to it, reaches what returns to the one that gathers together unity and multiplicity. So Muḥammad, God's blessings and peace be upon him, is the one that gathers together, both as human being and as eloquent expression, in manifestation and making-manifest — he is the likeness for which no likeness is possible. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: ('There is nothing like Him' — thus he gathered the matter into a single matter) because he included each of the two opposites within the other, and the matter does not lack either of them, so he gathered the totality into one. As for Nūḥ: although he too possessed that complete numerical value in respect of messengerhood and prophethood, what appeared in Muḥammad as the additional sealing-value remained hidden (mutabaṭṭin) in him in a disjoined (munfaṣil) manner, and what appeared in him of differentiated multiplicity remained hidden in Muḥammad in a conjoined, gathered manner. Hence it was not given to him to manifest in that manner of manifestation, nor to bring a complete exposition (bayān) and an all-gathering word. The differences between the calls of Nūḥ and Muḥammad, peace be upon them The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Bālī Zāde

﴿وهذه الأمة التي من خير أمة أخرجت للناس﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي اصطفيت وفضلت بأن يكونوا أمة لهذا النبي لقربهم إليه في المرتبة القرآنية (فليس كمثله شيء فجمع) محمد عليه السلام (الأمر) أي التنزيه والتشبيه

That is, it was chosen and favored in that it should be the community of this Prophet, on account of its nearness to him in the combinatory (qurʾānī) rank. ("For there is nothing like Him" — so he combined") Muḥammad, peace be upon him, ("the matter") that is, tanzīh and tashbīh,

Words 65–68 · 1 of 7

خَيْرَ أُمَّةٍ أُخْرِجَتْ لِلنَّاسِ

Only al-Tilimsānī comments here.

al-Tilimsānī

﴿خير أمة أخرجت للناس﴾

(آل عمران: 110) في «ليس كمثله شيء" فجمع الأمر في أمر وأحد، يعني أن قوله تعالى: "ليس كمثله شيء" هو جامع المعنيين: أحدهم أن يكون الكاف زايدة وهو معنی التنزيه والثاني أن يكون الكاف غير زائدة ، وهو معنى التشبيه والكلمة واحدة، فاجتمع فيها الأمران كما هو الأمر في نفسه مجموعا في نشأة الإنسان الكامل. قال: فلو أن نوحا أتي بمثل هذه الآية أجابوه أي يجمع الأمر في كلمة واحدة. قوله: فإنه شبه ونزه في نصف آية، قلت: يعني قوله: "ليس كمثله شئ" . قوله: ونوح دعا قومه إلى قوله: لیلا في نهار ونهارا في ليل، قلت: هذا الكلام ظاهر. وقوله: إن نوحا دعاهم ليغفر لهم وما دعاهم ليكشف لهم، فكأنه قال إن استعدادهم كان يطلب الكشف، والمغفرة مشتقة من الغفر وهو الستر ومنه اشتق المغفر الذي يستر في الحرب فما احبوا الستر لأنه حجاب فمطلوبهم كان الكشف. واعلم أن قوله عنهم في معنى قوله تعالى: "استغفروا ربكم إنه كان غفارا" (نوح: 10) أي ستارا. أنه إنما خص المعارف بأنها عقلية في قوله: "يرسل السماء علیکم مدرارا" (نوح: 11) وفسر ذلك بالمعارف العقلية والاعتبارية ولم يقل: إنها معارف إلهية كشفية لأن الغفر مشتق منه ما يدل على الستر. والمعارف الإلهية لا تكون مع الستر الذي هو الحجاب، وإنما الذي يكون من المعارف مع الستر هي المعارف العقلية والاعتبارات الفكرية. فلذلك فسر قوله تعالى: "يرسل السماء عليكم مدرارا" (نوح: 11) بالمعارف العقلية لأنها جواب قوله تعالى: "فاستغفروا" والاستغفار هو طلب الاستتار كما تقدم. ثم فسر الأموال في قوله تعالى: "ويمددكم بأموال وبنين" (نوح: 12) بأنها ما يميل بهم إليه وجرت عادة أهل الطريق أن يستمعوا في كلام الله تعالی بل وفي كلام كل متکلم أمورا تقتضيها مراتبهم من الكشف والشهود الجزئي والكلي. ولا يلتفتون إلى كونها مخالفة لمفهوم العموم بعد أن يصح لهم نسبتها إلى الحق بطریق کشفي . وليس لمن سلم إليهم أحوالهم أن ينكر عليهم بعد ذلك فإن الانکار بعد التسليم لا يقبل فإنه إنما سلم لهم في الكل لا في الكلي العام . حتى يقال: إن وجود العام لا يستلزم الخاص. وأما أن صورتهم هي التي يرونها فيه تعالى فلأن صور العالم كله هي صور معلومات الله تعالى وما في العلم شيء هو خارج عنه وإلا كان العلم ظرفا للمعلومات والذات المقدسة لا تغاير العلم. فيلزم أن تكون الذات المقدسية ظرفا لغيرها وذلك ممنوع. فإذن إنما رأوا صورتهم فيه بمعنى لا يوجب الظرفية بل إذا رأوا صورتهم في علمه وليس علمه غيره فقد رأوا صورتهم فيه. قوله: وولده، أي نتيجة فكرهم، لأنا قد قررنا أن معارفهم فكرية لأجل الاستغفار المستلزم للستر والستر من لوازم الفكر والفكر من لوازم الستر . وفسر قوله تعالى: "إلا خسارا" بأن تجارتهم لم تربح لأن نتائج الفكر ما أدت إلى الحقيقة، فإذن عين ما كانوا يتخيلون أنه ملك لهم لم يكن ملكا لهم قال: وهو ملك المحمديين ملك الاستخلاف، فيصرفوا عن إذن صحيح وإن كان قد قرر لقوم نوح أن الملك حقيقة لهم لقوله تعالى: "ألا تتخذوا من دوني وكيلا" (الإسراء: 2) .فأثبت الملك لهم والله وكيل فقط. واعلم أن المستخلفين فهم أعظم درجة من المستخلفين فيما في أيديهم لكن قال رضي الله عنه، هنا: إن نسبة الملك إليهم مجاز وهو إليه حقيقة ، لكن لما استخلفهم فيه استحقوا أن يكون الملك لهم وهو وكيلهم فيه، فالملك لهم وهو ملك الاستخلاف أيضا. قوله: وبهذا كان الحق تعالی مالك الملك، لأنه ملکه حقيقة والذي نسبه الشيخ، رضي الله عنه، إلى الترمذي في قوله: "مكروا مكرا كبارا" (نوح: 22) . فقد فسره بأن الدعوة إلى الله تعالی مكر من الله ومن الرسول بالمدعو. وذلك لأن الدعوة تقتضي أن المدعو كان على غير هدى من الله تعالى من كل وجه وليس كذلك . بل إنما كان على غير هدى من الله تعالى من جهة الاسم الهادي وقد كان على هدى من الله تعالى بالهداية العامة. و استنادهم فيها إلى الاسم المضل لا من كل وجه بل إذا اعتبرنا هداية الاسم الهادي، أما إذا اعتبرنا هداية الذات التي فوق الأسماء والصفات فلا ضلال والذات إليها المرجع والمآل. فالدعوة تناقضها في أحكامها، فتكون الدعوة مكرا بالمدعو، ومن عرف أحكام الأسماء الإلهية لم يستصعب هذه المعاني وقد شرحت ما تضمنه الكتاب العزيز من الأسماء و اقتصرت منها على ما أورده الغزالي والبيهقي وابن برجان رحمهم الله عليهم، فكانت مائة وستة وأربعين اسم كشفت عن قناع معاني الأسماء بما لم يذكره أحد قبلي. قال رضي الله عنه: إن قوله: "أدعو إلى الله" هو عين المكر. قال: وقوله "على بصيرة " (يوسف: 108) إشارة إلى أن الأمر له كله. قال: فأجابوه مكرا كما دعاهم مکرا، ثم قال: من المحمديين ، أنه علم أن الدعوة من اسمه الهادي والمدعو هو من تبع الاسم المضل، فمن كانت نسبته في الحقيقة إلى الاسم الهادي وصورة الدعوة عامة لتعذر الإتيان بها خاصة لكل فرد فرد. ثم شبه رضي الله عنه، هذه القصة بمضمون قوله تعالى: «يوم نحشر المتقين إلى الرحمن وفدا" (مريم: 85) فجاء بحرف «إلى» التي هي للغاية وقرنها بالاسم الرحمن ولكن لما ذكر المتقين علمنا أن المحشركان من حضرة الاسم المنتقم ، فإنه هو الذي يتقي منه ولا يكون الاتقاء من الاسم الرحمن. فإذن المحشر كان من حضرة اسم إلى حضرة اسم وإذا اعتبرت الهوية لم يكن هناك حشر فمعاني الحشر على قاعدته هو مكر. ثم عاد إلى قوم نوح وبين أنهم إنما أجابوا الداعي مكرا أيضا بما ذكر من نسبتهم لمن قال

(Āl ʿImrān: 110). On [the verse] 'There is nothing like unto Him' (laysa ka-mithlihi shayʾ), he gathered the matter into a single matter, meaning that His saying, Exalted is He, 'There is nothing like unto Him' comprehends both meanings together: one, that the kāf [in ka-mithlihi] is redundant, which yields the meaning of tanzīh (declaring incomparability); and the other, that the kāf is not redundant, which yields the meaning of tashbīh (declaring similarity). The word is one, yet both matters are combined within it, just as the Matter is in itself gathered together in the constitution (nashʾa) of the Perfect Human (al-insān al-kāmil). He said: had Noah brought a verse like this one, they would have answered him - i.e., [a verse] that gathers the matter into a single word. His saying: 'For he combined tashbīh and tanzīh in half a verse' - I say: he means His saying, 'There is nothing like unto Him.' His saying: 'And Noah called his people' up to his saying 'night into day and day into night' - I say: this statement is self-evident. And his saying: 'Noah called them so that they might be forgiven, not so that unveiling might be disclosed to them' - it is as if he said that their preparedness (istiʿdād) sought unveiling (kashf); and maghfira (forgiveness) is derived from ghafr, which is concealment (satr), from which is also derived al-mighfar [the helmet] which conceals in war. But they did not love concealment, since it is a veil (ḥijāb); rather, what they sought was unveiling. Know that his statement concerning them, regarding the meaning of His saying, Exalted is He: 'Seek forgiveness of your Lord; indeed He is ever Forgiving (ghaffār)' (Noah: 10), means: ever Concealing (sattār). [He notes] that he specified the [forms of] gnosis (maʿārif) as being rational (ʿaqliyya) in His saying: 'He will send down upon you the sky in abundant rain' (Noah: 11), interpreting that as rational and considerational (iʿtibāriyya) gnosis, and not saying that it was divine, unveiling-based (kashfiyya) gnosis, because ghafr is derived from what indicates concealment. Divine gnosis does not coexist with the concealment that is the veil; rather, what coexists with concealment is rational gnosis and reflective considerations (iʿtibārāt fikriyya). Therefore he interpreted His saying, Exalted is He: 'He will send down upon you the sky in abundant rain' (Noah: 11), as rational gnosis, because it is the consequence of His saying, Exalted is He: 'so seek forgiveness' - and seeking forgiveness (istighfār) is the seeking of concealment (istitār), as previously stated. Then he interpreted 'wealth' (amwāl) in His saying, Exalted is He: 'and reinforce you with wealth and children' (Noah: 12), as that toward which they incline; and it is the customary practice of the people of the [spiritual] Path to hear, in the speech of God, Exalted is He - indeed in the speech of every speaker - matters required by their own ranks, [derived] from unveiling and witnessing, whether partial or universal. They do not concern themselves with whether such [interpretations] contradict the general purport [of the text], once its ascription to the Real (al-Ḥaqq) is validated for them by way of unveiling. It is not for one who has conceded to them [the validity of] their states to then object to them thereafter, for objection after concession is unacceptable; for concession was granted them regarding the particular instance, not regarding the universal generality (al-kullī al-ʿāmm) - such that it might be said: the existence of the general does not necessitate the particular. As for the fact that their own form is what they see within Him, Exalted is He - this is because the forms of the entire cosmos are the forms of the objects of God's knowledge, Exalted is He; and there is nothing within [that] knowledge external to it - otherwise knowledge would be a container (ẓarf) for the objects of knowledge, whereas the holy Essence (al-dhāt al-muqaddasa) is not other than knowledge. It would then follow that the holy Essence would be a container for something other than itself, and that is disallowed. Therefore they only saw their form within Him in a sense that does not entail [His being] a container; rather, since they saw their form within His knowledge, and His knowledge is not other than He, they have indeed seen their form within Him. His saying: 'and his children' - i.e., the product of their reflective thought (fikr) - for we have already established that their gnosis was of a reflective nature, on account of the seeking of forgiveness which necessitates concealment; and concealment is among the concomitants of reflective thought, and reflective thought is among the concomitants of concealment. He interpreted His saying, Exalted is He: 'except in loss' as meaning that their trade did not profit, because the results of reflective thought did not lead to the [ultimate] Reality (al-ḥaqīqa); therefore the very thing which they imagined to be a dominion (mulk) belonging to them was not in fact a dominion belonging to them. He said: for it is rather the dominion of the Muhammadans (al-Muḥammadiyyūn), the dominion of vicegerency (mulk al-istikhlāf), so that they dispose of it by valid authorization - even though it had been established for the people of Noah that dominion truly (ḥaqīqatan) belongs to them, on account of His saying, Exalted is He: 'that you take not besides Me any guardian [wakīl]' (al-Isrāʾ: 2). For He affirmed dominion as belonging to them, God being merely their Guardian (wakīl). And know that those made vicegerents (al-mustakhlafūn) hold a rank greater than [mere possession of] what is in their hands. But he, may God be pleased with him, said here: the ascription of dominion to them is figurative (majāz), while it truly belongs to Him; however, since He made them vicegerents therein, they became entitled to have the dominion belong to them, He being their Guardian therein - so the dominion belongs to them, and it too is the dominion of vicegerency. His saying: 'And by this the Real, Exalted is He, was Owner of dominion (mālik al-mulk),' since it truly belongs to Him - and that which the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, ascribed to al-Tirmidhī, concerning His saying: 'and they schemed a great scheme' (Noah: 22), he interpreted as meaning that the call to God, Exalted is He, is a scheme (makr) on the part of God and of the Messenger against the one called. That is because the call implies that the one called was without guidance from God, Exalted is He, in every respect - and this is not so. Rather, he was without guidance from God, Exalted is He, only from the aspect of the Name al-Hādī (the Guide); yet he was already upon guidance from God, Exalted is He, through the general guidance. And their reliance upon the Name al-Muḍill (the Misleader) is not so in every respect, but only if we consider the guidance of the Name al-Hādī; whereas if we consider the guidance of the Essence which is above the Names and Attributes, then there is no misguidance at all, for the Essence is that to which is the reference and the final return. The call thus contradicts [the general guidance] in its particular rulings, so the call becomes a scheme against the one called. Whoever knows the rulings of the divine Names will not find these meanings difficult. I have already expounded what the Noble Book contains of the divine Names, restricting myself therein to what al-Ghazālī, al-Bayhaqī, and Ibn Barrajān - may God have mercy upon them - adduced; these came to one hundred and forty-six Names, and I unveiled the meanings of the Names in a manner that no one before me had set forth. He, may God be pleased with him, said: his saying 'I call to God' is the very essence of the scheme. He said: and His saying 'upon clear insight (baṣīra)' (Yūsuf: 108) is an indication that the matter belongs to Him entirely. He said: so they answered him with a scheme just as he called them with a scheme. Then he said: among the Muhammadans is one who knows that the call proceeds from His Name al-Hādī, and the one called is one who follows the Name al-Muḍill; so whoever's ascription in reality is to the Name al-Hādī [is truly guided] - while the outward form of the call is general, since it is impossible to bring it specifically to each and every individual. Then he, may God be pleased with him, likened this story to the content of His saying, Exalted is He: 'On the Day We shall gather the God-fearing (al-muttaqīn) unto the All-Merciful (al-Raḥmān) as a delegation' (Maryam: 85). He employed the particle 'ilā' (unto), which denotes a terminus, coupling it with the Name al-Raḥmān; but since He mentioned 'the God-fearing,' we know that the gathering (ḥashr) was from the Presence of the Name al-Muntaqim (the Avenger), for it is He from whom one guards oneself, and such guarding cannot be from the Name al-Raḥmān. Thus the gathering-place proceeded from the Presence of one Name unto the Presence of [another] Name; yet if one considers the [underlying] Ipseity (huwiyya), there is no gathering at all - so, according to his principle, the meanings of the gathering constitute a scheme (makr). Then he returned to the people of Noah and explained that they too answered the caller with a scheme, on account of what he mentioned regarding their ascription to the one who spoke.

Words 69–73 · 1 of 7

فَ لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِۦ شَىْءٌ يَجْمَعُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿فقال "ليس كمثله شيء" [الشورى : 11]﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي التنزيه "ليس كمثله، شيء" . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is, incomparability (tanzīh)—"there is nothing like unto Him." The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فليس كمثله، فجمع الأمر في أمر واحد﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(فجمع) يجوز أن يكون مبنيا للمفعول، أي، اختص محمد، صلى الله عليه وسلم، بهذا المقام. فذكر فيما أنزل إليه: (ليس كمثله شئ) فجمع بين مقامي التنزيه والتشبيه في كلام واحد. ويجوز أن يكون مبنيا للفاعل. فمعناه: اختص محمد، صلى الله عليه وسلم ،بمقام الجمع، فجاء بقوله تعالى: (ليس كمثله شئ) فجمع بين المقامين. فمقامه جامع بين الوحدة والكثرة، والجمع والتفصيل، و التنزيه والتشبيه، بل جميع المقامات الأسمائية، لذلك نطق القرآن المجيد بكلها. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

("joined together," fa-jumiʿa) may be construed as a passive verb, meaning: Muḥammad, God bless him and grant him peace, was singled out for this station, and so in what was sent down to him it is stated: "There is nothing like unto Him" (Q 42:11), thus joining together the two stations of tanzīh and tashbīh in a single utterance. Or it may be construed as an active verb, its meaning being: Muḥammad, God bless him and grant him peace, was singled out for the station of all-comprehensiveness (jamʿ), and so he brought the words of God, Exalted is He: "There is nothing like unto Him," thereby joining the two stations together. Thus his station comprehensively joins oneness and multiplicity, jamʿ and tafṣīl, tanzīh and tashbīh — indeed, all the stations of the [divine] Names — and for this reason the Glorious Qurʾān gives voice to all of them. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Words 73–96 · 1 of 7

يَجْمَعُ الأَمْرَ فِي أَمْرٍ وَاحِدٍ

Only al-Jandī comments here.

al-Jandī

﴿يجمع الأمر في أمر واحد ، فلو أنّ نوحا أتى بمثل هذه الآية لفظا ، أجابوه ، فإنّه شبّه ونزّه في آية واحدة ، بل في نصف آية﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد : قد علمت أنّ سائر عبيد الله الكمّل في المقامات التفصيلية النبوية وحكمهم وحكمهم في شرائعهم منزلة من سماوات الأسماء التفصيلية الفرعية ، فمقتضى الحكم الإلهي الكلَّي في أمم قبلنا إنّما هو الطاعة والدعوة إلى التنزيه وتجريد التوحيد ، لكون القوم ملبّين على عبادة صنميّات الكثرة والتعديد ، وملبّين لدعوة حجابيّات الصور الأسمائية ، ذاهلين بالكلَّية عن الحقيقة الأحدية ، التي هي أصل الكثرة الفرعية والجمعية ، الموجدة الموحّدة للتفرقة العددية ، وحقيقة التحقيق في الجمع بين المرتبتين جمعا إطلاقيا وإطلاقا أحديّا . وإنّما وقعت واقعة الأصنام ، وعبادة الصور من عالم الأجسام ، لكون التجلَّيات التعيينية ، وظهور النسب المستهلكة للأعيان في عين الأحدية مرادة لله تعالى في أوّل الإرادة ، فظهرت حقائق الأسماء والنسب أوّلا في عالم الشهادة ، لأنّه أراد أن يعرف كمال العرفان ، وأن ينعت ويوصف ويظهر كلّ نسبة من نسب ذاته بلوازمها وإضافاتها وعارضاتها ولاحقاتها في صورة الجمع من عالم الملك والشهادة صورا ظاهرة متمايزة بشخصيّاتها ، متناظرة متشاكلة ومتنافرة بخصوصيّات ليست في صورة مظهرية عالم الأمر والملكوت ، القابلة لتجلَّيات الصور الأسمائية الفرقانية ، وكان في بدو الأمر توجّه المشيّة والإرادة إلى الظاهرية . فلمّا ظهرت صنميّات حجابيّات الأسماء ، وأخرجت الحضرات ما عندها من التجلَّيات ، وتوجّهت نفوس أهل تلك القرون الأول بمقتضى انبعاث التجلَّي الأوّل إلى عبادة صنميّات صور الأسماء ، وتوفّرت الرغبات إلى تلقّي الأنباء ، من حجابيّات مراتب الإلقاء لظهور سلطنة تلك الأسماء عليهم واستواء تجلَّياته على عروش قابليّاتهم كلّ الاستواء ، واستولى شهود أحديّة الكثرة أو كثرة الأحدية على جموعهم كلّ الاستيلاء ، فوجب لهذا أن تكون الدعوة إلى الكمال الجمعي بالنسبة إليهم مبنيّة على حكم التنزيه والتوحيد ، ومنبئة على التمييز والتجريد ، حتى تكاملت أقسام هذه الدعوة التنزيهية العقلية الروحانية إلى زمان عيسى عليه السّلام ولم يبق بعده إلَّا الدعوات الخاصّة بالجمع . فكانت حكمة محمّد صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم جامعة للأمر على ما هو عليه أحكامه الشرعية أيضا ، جامعة للمصالح الجمعية الكمالية بين ما تعلَّق منها بأرواحهم ، وبين ما اختصّ منها بأجسامهم وأشباحهم ، فجمع شرعه عليه السّلام بين الشرائع كلَّها ، وأتى بزيادات على الجمع عليهما ، فجعلها كلَّها لله لا لهم ، فما أبقى لهم حظوظا نفسانيّة في عين تقريرها وإثباتها لهم . فقال : " يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ " وهو العدل من غير عدول وميل إلى جهة ولا جنوح وحيد إلى طرف من الروحانية والجسمانية ، " شُهَداءَ لِلَّه ِ وَلَوْ عَلى أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوِ الْوالِدَيْنِ وَالأَقْرَبِينَ" ، فأمرهم بإقامة الشهادة لله بأنّ الذوات والصفات والأفعال والأخلاق والأعمال كلَّها لله ، حتى أنّ أنفسهم ما هي لهم ، بل لله ، فهم قائمون بشهادة الله عزّ وجلّ على أنفسهم وعلى الوالدين وهما : الروح والطبيعية والأقربين : الحقائق الجسمانية والروحانية ، فجمعت حكمة المحمديين عليهم السّلام بين تنزيه في عين تشبيه ، وتشبيه في عين تنزيه في قوله

The servant says: You have already learned that the rest of God's perfected servants (al-kummal), in their particularized prophetic stations and their judgments (aḥkām) and their rulings in their revealed laws, occupy a station derived from the heavens of the particularized, branch-level Names. Thus the requirement of the universal divine judgment (al-ḥukm al-ilāhī al-kullī) in the nations before us was simply obedience and the call to incomparability (tanzīh) and the stripping-down of unification (tawḥīd), because those peoples were clothed in the worship of the idols of multiplicity and enumeration, and clothed in the call of the veiling forms of the Names, utterly heedless of the Unitary Reality (al-ḥaqīqa al-aḥadiyya), which is the root of both the branch-multiplicity and the collective multiplicity—the reality that both brings into being and unifies numerical differentiation—and the true realization consists in joining the two levels in an absolute joining and an absolute unitary joining (iṭlāq aḥadī). The event of the idols, and the worship of forms from the corporeal world, occurred only because the entifying self-disclosures (al-tajalliyāt al-taʿyīniyya), and the manifestation of the relations (nisab) that are absorbed into the entities (aʿyān) within the very essence of unity (ʿayn al-aḥadiyya), were willed by God, exalted is He, at the very outset of the Will. So the realities of the Names and the relations first appeared in the world of the visible (ʿālam al-shahāda), because He willed to be known with the perfection of gnosis, and willed that every relation among the relations of His Essence be qualified, described, and manifested—together with its concomitants, its relational attachments, its accidental attributes, and its consequents—in the form of the collective gathering (jamʿ) from the sensory and visible world (ʿālam al-mulk wa-l-shahāda): manifest forms, distinguished by their individualities, corresponding to one another, resembling and clashing with one another through particularities not found in the manifesting form of the world of command and the malakūt, which is receptive to the self-disclosures of the differentiating Names' forms. And at the beginning of the matter the Will and the Volition were directed toward manifestation (al-ẓāhiriyya). So when the idol-forms of the veiling Names appeared, and the divine Presences (al-ḥaḍarāt) brought forth what self-disclosures they held, and the souls of the peoples of those first generations turned, in accordance with the arousal of that first self-disclosure, to the worship of the idol-forms of the Names, and desires multiplied to receive tidings from the veiling levels of inspiration—on account of the dominion of those Names' sovereignty over them and the complete establishment of His self-disclosures upon the thrones of their receptivities (qābiliyyāt)—and the witnessing of the unity of multiplicity, or the multiplicity of unity, overwhelmed their collectivity entirely—it was therefore necessary that the call to collective perfection (al-kamāl al-jamʿī), with respect to them, be founded upon the ruling of incomparability (tanzīh) and unification (tawḥīd), and be premised upon distinction and abstraction, until the divisions of this rational, spiritual, tanzīh-based calling were completed by the time of Jesus, peace be upon him, after whom nothing remained but the calls proper to the collective gathering (jamʿ). Thus the wisdom of Muhammad, God bless him and grant him peace, was comprehensive of the matter as it truly is, in its legal rulings as well—comprehensive of the collective, perfective benefits, joining together what pertains to their spirits and what is specific to their bodies and physical forms. So his Law, peace be upon him, joined together all the [previous] revealed laws, and brought additions beyond their combination, making them all for God, not for themselves—leaving them no egoistic portions even while affirming and establishing those portions for them. For He said: "O you who believe, be maintainers of justice ('qawwāmīn bi-l-qisṭ')"—which is equity without deviation or inclination toward any side, without leaning solely toward either the spiritual or the corporeal—"witnesses for God, even against yourselves, or your parents, or your nearest kin." Thus He commanded them to establish witness for God that the essences (dhawāt), attributes, acts, character-traits, and deeds are all God's—so that even their own selves are not theirs but God's. They stand bearing witness before God, exalted and glorified, against themselves and against 'the two parents'—that is, the spirit and nature—and 'the nearest kin'—that is, the corporeal and spiritual realities. Thus the wisdom of the Muhammadans, peace be upon them, joined together incomparability (tanzīh) within the very essence of similarity (tashbīh), and similarity within the very essence of incomparability, in His saying:

Words 75–77 · 2 of 7

فِي أَمْرٍ وَاحِدٍ

Jāmī

﴿في أمر واحد﴾

أي آية واحدة وهي مجموع تلك الآية أو كلام واحد وهو كل واحد من نصفيها وقوله بجميع الأمر. هكذا وقع في النسخة المقروءة على الشيخ رضي الله عنه ويوافقه نسخة شرح الجندي رحمه الله . وفي بعض النسخ فجمع بصيغة الماضي مصدرة بالفاء مبنية للفاعل أو المفعول ويوافقه نسخة شرح القيصري، أي فيما أتى به محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم قوله : "ليس كمثله - شيء " إلى آخره فجمع فيه أمر التنزيه والتشبيه في آية واحدة أو كل من جزئيها

that is, one verse—namely the sum of that verse—or one utterance, that is, each of its two halves, and his statement "joining the whole matter." Thus it occurs in the copy read before the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, and it is corroborated by the copy of al-Jandī's commentary, may God have mercy on him. In some copies it is "fa-jamaʿa" in the past-tense form, prefixed with the fāʾ, cast either actively or passively, and this is corroborated by the copy of al-Qayṣarī's commentary—that is, in what Muḥammad, God's blessings and peace be upon him, brought, namely his statement "there is nothing like unto Him," and so on, he joined in it the matter of incomparability and similarity in a single verse, or in each of its two parts.

Bālī Zāde

﴿في أمر واحد﴾

أي في كلام واحد

that is, in a single utterance.

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.