Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ قُدُّوسِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ إِدْرِيسِيَّةٍ

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12 · 78 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَالعَلِيُّ لِنَفْسِهِ هُوَ الَّذِي يَكُونُ لَهُ الكَمَالُ الَّذِي يَسْتَغْرِقُ بِهِ جَمِيعَ الأُمُورِ الوُجُودِيَّةِ وَالنِّسَبِ العَدَمِيَّةِ بِحَيْثُ لَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَفُوتَهُ نَعْتٌ مِّنْهَا وَسَوَاءٌ كَانَتْ مَحْمُودَةً عُرْفًا وَعَقْلًا وَشَرْعًا أَوْ مَذْمُومَةً عُرْفًا وَعَقْلًا وَشَرْعًا وَلَيْسَ ذَٰلِكَ إِلَّا لِمُسَمَّى اللَّهِ خَاصَّةً وَأَمَّا غَيْرُ مُسَمَّى اللَّهِ خَاصَّةً مِمَّا هُوَ مَجْلًى لَهُ أَوْ صُورَةٌ فِيهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَجْلًى لَهُ فَيَقَعُ التَّفَاضُلُ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ بَيْنَ مَجْلًى وَمَجْلًى وَإِنْ كَانَ صُورَةً فِيهِ فَلِتِلْكَ الصُّورَةِ عَيْنُ الكَمَالِ الذَّاتِيِّ لِأَنَّهَا عَيْنُ مَا ظَهَرَتْ فِيهِ

So the One who is high in Himself is He to whom belongs the perfection by which He encompasses all existential matters and nonexistential relations, such that no attribute among them can possibly escape Him, whether they are praiseworthy by custom, reason, and the Law, or blameworthy by custom, reason, and the Law. And that belongs only to the One named 'Allāh' specifically. As for what is other than the One named 'Allāh' specifically, among that which is a place of self-disclosure for Him or a form within Him: if it is a place of self-disclosure for Him, then gradation in excellence occurs (there is no avoiding that) between one place of self-disclosure and another; and if it is a form within Him, then that form possesses the very self of the essential perfection, because it is the very self of that within which it has become manifest.

On the whole passage · 1 of 6

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿وليس ذلك إلا لمسمى الله تعالى خاصة. وأما غير مسمى الله مما هو مجلى له أو صورة فيه، فإن كان مجلى له فيقع التفاضل لابد من ذلك بين مجلى ومجلى، وإن كان صورة فيه فتلك الصورة عين الكمال الذاتي لأنها عين ما ظهرت فيه. فالذي لمسمى الله هو الذي لتلك الصورة. ولا يقال هي هو ولا هي غيره.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

necessarily occurs between one locus of manifestation and another; and if it is a form within Him, then that form is identical with essential perfection, because it is identical with that in which it manifests. So what belongs to the one named 'God' is what belongs to that form. And it is not said that it is He, nor that it is other than He.] The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qāshānī

﴿فالعلى لنفسه هو الذي يكون له الكمال الذي يستغرق جميع الأمور الوجودية والنسب العدمية ، بحيث لا يمكن أن يفوته نعت منها ، وسواء كانت محمودة عرفا وعقلا وشرعا أو مذمومة عرفا وعقلا وشرعا﴾

أي العلى بالعلو الذاتي الحقيقي لا الإضافي ، هو الذي له الكمال المطلق الشامل لجميع الكمالات الثابتة لجميع الأشياء ، وجودية كانت أو عدمية ، محمودة من جميع الوجوه أو مذمومة بوجه . فإن بعض الكمالات أمور نسبية تكون بالنسبة إلى بعض الأشياء مذمومة ، كشجاعة الأسد بالنسبة إلى فريسته ، والكامل المطلق هو الذي لا يفوته شيء من النعوت والأخلاق والأفعال ، وإلا كان ناقصا من تلك الحيثية. قال رضي الله عنه

That is, the Most High by the real essential highness (al-ʿuluww al-dhātī al-ḥaqīqī), not the relative one, is the one who possesses the absolute perfection comprehending all the perfections established for all things, whether existential or non-existential, praised in every respect or blameworthy in some respect. For some perfections are relative matters that are blameworthy in relation to certain things, like the courage of the lion in relation to its prey. The absolute perfect one is the one whom nothing of attributes, character-traits, and acts escapes—otherwise he would be deficient in that respect. He said, may God be pleased with him

al-Jandī

﴿فالعليّ لنفسه هو الذي يكون له الكمال الذي يستغرق به جميع الأمور الوجوديّة والنسب العدميّة بحيث لا يمكن أن يفوته نعت منها ، وسواء كانت محمودة عرفا وعقلا وشرعا ، أو مذمومة عرفا وعقلا وشرعا وليس ذلك إلَّا لمسمّى "الله "خاصّة﴾

يعني رضي الله عنه : أنّ العلوّ الذاتي الحقيقي الذي ليس بالنسبة والإضافة ليس إلَّا للذات المسمّاة بالاسم"الله " فإنّه هو المتحقّق في جميع المراتب والنسب والظهورات والتعيّنات بوجوده ، فإنّ الذات المتعيّنة بالتعيّن الأوّل حقيقة الحقائق ، الظاهرة بالإنسان الكامل الحقيقي الواحد الأزلي الأبدي هو المسمّى بالاسم "الله " خاصّة ، وهو الاسم الأعظم لذات الله ، تعالى الدالّ على أحدية جمع الجمع الكمالي الذاتي . فمسمّى « الله » تعالى من حيث إنّه متعيّن بالحقيقة الإنسانية الكمالية الذاتية مستغرق جميع الذوات الموجودة والنسب العدمية المفقودة والأفعال والأخلاق والنعوت والصفات المذمومة والمحمودة بحيث لا يخرج شيء أصلا عن حيطته ، ولا يسبق لمتوهّم وهم أنّ مسمّى الله هو المتكثّر في هذه الكثرة ، فإنّه يتعالى عن الظهور بما يناقض الكمالات الإلهية ، فإنّ الله أحدية جمع جميع الكمالات الأسمائية المؤثرة والحقائق الفعّالة الوجوبية الوجودية لا غير . قال رضي الله عنه

- he (may God be pleased with him) means: that the true essential loftiness (al-ʿuluww al-dhātī al-ḥaqīqī), which is not by relation and attribution, belongs only to the Essence named by the name 'God.' For it is He who is realized, through His existence, in all the levels, relations, manifestations, and determinations. For the Essence determined by the First Determination - the Reality of Realities, manifest through the real, perfect, one, eternal, everlasting Human - is the one named exclusively by the name 'God,' and it is the Greatest Name for God's Essence, Most High, indicating the oneness of the all-comprehensive, essential, perfecting gathering. So the one named 'God,' Most High, insofar as He is determined by the essential, perfecting human reality, encompasses all existent essences, all missing privative relations, and all acts, character traits, descriptions and attributes - whether blamed or praised - such that nothing at all escapes His encompassing. And let no imaginer imagine that the one named God is that which becomes multiple in this multiplicity, for He transcends manifesting in a way that would contradict the divine perfections. For God is the oneness that gathers all the effective nominal perfections (al-kamālāt al-asmāʾiyya al-muʾaththira) and the necessary existential, active realities, and nothing else. He (may God be pleased with him) said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فالعلي لنفسه هو الذي يكون له الكمال الذي يستغرق به﴾

أي، يستغرق صاحبه بذلك الكمال

That is, encompasses, by means of that perfection, its possessor,

Ibn Turka

﴿فالعليّ لنفسه هو الذي يكون له الكمال الذي يستغرق به جميع الأمور الوجوديّة والنسب العدميّة ، بحيث لا يمكن أن يفوته نعت منها ، وسواء كانت محمودة عرفا وعقلا وشرعا ،أو مذمومة عرفا وعقلا وشرعا ،وليس ذلك إلَّا لمسمّى « الله » خاصّة﴾

ومما يلوّح إلى شمول مسمّى « الله » لسائر النعوت - وجوديّة إلهيّة محمودة بسائر الألسنة الثلاثة كانت ، أو عدميّة كونيّة مذمومة بها - اشتمال هذا الاسم على ذلك التفصيل رقما وعددا : أمّا الأوّل : فلاشتماله على اللامين المشيرين إلى تلك الألسنة . وأمّا الثاني : فلاشتماله على العقدين التامّين في المرتبتين ، الدالين على ما يمكن أن يخرج من القوّة إلى الفعل ، وتمام تفصيل ذلك وتحقيقه يطلب في الشجرة السينيّة - وهذا مشهد الكمّل الختميّ . صورة الشجرة السينية 60 30 30 20 20 20 15 15 15 15 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

and among what indicates the encompassment of the name "Allāh" over the rest of the attributes—whether existential, divine, praised by all three tongues, or nonexistential, cosmic, blamed by them—is this name's inclusion of that differentiation in notation (raqm) and number (ʿadad): As for the first: it is due to its inclusion of the two lāms indicating those [three] tongues. As for the second: it is due to its inclusion of the two complete decades (ʿaqdān) in the two ranks, indicating what can emerge from potentiality into actuality. The complete elaboration and verification of this is to be sought in the Sīnī Tree (al-shajara al-sīniyya)—and this is the witnessing-place of the sealed perfect ones. [Diagram: the Sīnī Tree] 60 30 30 20 20 20 15 15 15 15 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿فالعلي لنفسه هو الذي يكون له الكمال الذي يستغرق به جميع الأمور الوجودية والنسب العدمية بحيث لا يمكن أن يفوته نعت منها، وسواء كانت محمودة عرفا وعقلا و شرعا أو مذمومة عرفا وعقلا وشرعا.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أشار حيث قال رضي الله عنه

He indicated this where he, may God be pleased with him, said:

﴿فالعلي لنفسه هو الذي يكون له الكمال الذي يستغرق به جميع الأمور الوجودية﴾

أي الصفات الحقيقية الموجودة (والنسب) ، أي الصفات (العدمية) ، أي المعدومة في ذاتها سواء كانت إضافية أو سلبية ويستوعبها بحيث لا يمكن أن يفوت نعت منها)، أي من تلك الأمور والنسب سواء كانت تلك الأمور والنسب

that is, the true existent attributes, (and the relations) — that is, the attributes — (privative) — that is, nonexistent in themselves, whether relational or negative — and he encompasses them such that (no attribute of them can escape) — that is, of those matters and relations, whether those matters and relations be

Bālī Zāde

﴿فالعلي لنفسه هو الذي يكون له الكمال الذي يستغرق به﴾

أي بسببه ذلك

that is, by reason of which

al-Qayṣarī

﴿جميع الأمور الوجودية﴾

أي، الموجودات العينية

that is, the entified existent things,

Bālī Zāde

﴿جميع الأمور الوجودية﴾

كالموجودات الخارجية

such as external existent things

al-Qayṣarī

﴿والنسب العدمية﴾

أي، التي لا أعيان لها في الخارج. قال رضي الله عنه

that is, those which have no entities externally. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿والنسب العدمية﴾

كالأمور التي لا وجود لها في الخارج وهي الأمور الكلية الشاملة بجميع الموجودات كالوجود والحياة

such as matters having no existence externally, namely the universal matters comprehending all existent things, such as existence and life

al-Qayṣarī

﴿بحيث لا يمكن أن يفوته نعت منها، سواء كانت محمودة عرفا وعقلا وشرعا، أو مذمومة عرفا وعقلا وشرعا﴾

أي، العلى المطلق الذي علوه لذاته، هو الذي يكون كماله مستغرق الجميع الكمالات الوجودية والصفات الحقيقية والنسب الإضافية والسلبية، بحيث لا يمكن أن يفوته نعت من النعوت، سواء كانت تلك النعوت محمودة، بحسب العرف أو العقل أو الشرع، أو مذمومة فيها، لأن من فاته منها شيء لا يكون له العلو بحسب ذلك الفائت، وذلك المقدار من العلو يكون لمن هو متحقق به، فالعلي المطلق لا يكون عليا مطلقا. و (الفوت) يعدى ب (من) وبنفسه، كما يقال: فات منه الحزم وفاته الحزم. وإنما عمم بقوله: (محمودة %~% أو مذمومة) لأن الوجود خير محض، والعدم شر محض. فكل أمر وجودي من حيث وجوده خير، ومن حيث العدمية التي تلحقه شر، فيصير مذموما كالزناء، مثلا، فإنه من حيث إنه كمال للقوة الشهوية خير، ومن حيث تأديه إلى انقطاع النسل ووقوع الفتن الموجب لعدم النظام الأصلح ، شر. فالخير للموجود ذاتي، والشر عارضي نسبي . فكل مذموم، عقلا أو عرفا أوشرعا، محمود من جهة أخرى، ومن هذه الحيثية ملحق بالحق، لازم للوجود المطلق، فلا ينبغي أن يفوته شئ منها

That is, the absolute exalted one, whose exaltedness is for His own sake, is the one whose perfection encompasses all existential perfections, real attributes, and relative and negative relations, such that no attribute among the attributes can escape Him—whether those attributes be praiseworthy according to convention, reason, or law, or blameworthy among them—because whoever lacks something of these does not possess exaltedness with regard to that which he lacks, and that measure of exaltedness belongs to whoever is realized in it. So the absolute exalted one would not be absolutely exalted [if something escaped Him]. And "escape" (al-fawt) is used transitively both with "min" and by itself, as one says: "resolve escaped from him" (fāta minhu al-ḥazm) and "resolve escaped him" (fātahu al-ḥazm). He generalized by saying "praiseworthy or blameworthy" because existence is pure good, and nonexistence is pure evil. So every existential matter, insofar as it exists, is good, and insofar as the privative quality attaches to it, is evil, thus becoming blameworthy—like fornication, for example, which insofar as it is a perfection of the appetitive faculty is good, and insofar as it leads to the cutting off of progeny and the occurrence of discord entailing the absence of the most fitting order, is evil. So the good for the existent is essential, while the evil is accidental and relative. Thus everything blameworthy, whether by reason, convention, or law, is praiseworthy from another aspect, and from this aspect is attached to the Real, necessary to absolute existence—so nothing of it should escape Him.

Bālī Zāde

﴿بحيث لا يمكن أن يفوته﴾

أي أن يفوت صاحب الكمال

the possessor of perfection

Words 21–22 · 1 of 6

نَعْتٌ مِّنْهَا

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿نعت منها﴾

أي من الأمور الوجودية والنسب العدمية

that is, of the existential matters and the privative relations

Words 23–24 · 1 of 6

وَسَوَاءٌ كَانَتْ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وسواء كانت﴾

النعت (محمودة عرفة وعقلا ومشرعة أو مذمومة عرفا وعقلا و شرعا) كلها قائم به وموجود بإيجاده

(praiseworthy by custom, reason, and revealed law, or blameworthy by custom, reason, and revealed law) — all of it subsists through him and exists by his bringing-into-existence

Jāmī

﴿محمودة عرفا وعقلا وشرعا﴾

أراد رضي الله عنه سواء كانت محمودة عرفا. و سواء كانت محمودة عقل

he, may God be pleased with him, meant: whether praiseworthy by custom, and whether praiseworthy by reason,

Words 29–30 · 1 of 6

أَوْ مَذْمُومَةً

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿او مذمومة﴾

عقلا . وسواء كانت محمودة شرعا أو مذمومة شرعا . لكنه رضي الله عنه جمعها وما للاختصار وإنما صحت إضافة "مظاهر صور تجليات" المذام إليه تعالى لأن إضافتها إليه إكسير ينقلب به النقصان كمالا والمذمة مدحا . فالمضاف إليه تعالى إنما هو ذوات المذام مجردة عن صفة المذمة بل ملتبسة بصفة المحمدية . وبيان ذلك كل موجود هو صورة حقيقة مخصوصة ومظهر اسم خاص من الأسماء الإلهية يكون ظهور أحكام حقيقة , وأنار الاسم الظاهر فيه محمدة وكمالا له وإن كان بالنسبة إلى من لا يلائمه مذمة ونقصانا وعدم ظهورها والخلل فيه بالعكس كالهداية للأنبياء والأولياء الكاملين والإضلال للشياطين. فكل منهما كمال نسبي بالنسبة إلى ما خلق له لا إلى ما يقابله أو يضاده فمنشا المذمة إنما هو خصوصية المحل الذي يقتضي عدم الملاءمة فمن لا يكون له خصوصية الاقتضاء, بل يكون بذاته مستغني عن الكل وبحسب شروطه مقتضية للكل . يكون كل في محله تقتضي حكمته ودلیل قدرته وفضيلته حيطية وأنه كماله مع فرط نزاهة جلاله. ولا يتصور فيه عدم الملائمة أصلا فلا يتطرق إليه مذمة بل صاحب كمال الحيطة واستيعاب الوجود . لو لم يوصف مظهر من مظاهره كان فادح في صفة إحاطته وكمال استيعابه . قال الشيخ الأكبر رضي الله عنه

by reason — and whether praiseworthy by the Law or blameworthy by the Law. But he, may God be pleased with him, combined them for the sake of brevity. The ascription of the 'loci of manifestation of the forms of self-disclosures' of blameworthy things to Him, Most High, is valid only because their ascription to Him is an elixir by which deficiency is transmuted into perfection and blame into praise. For what is truly ascribed to Him, Most High, is only the essences of the blameworthy things stripped of the attribute of blameworthiness, but rather clothed in the attribute of praiseworthiness. The clarification of this is: every existent is the form of a specific reality (ḥaqīqa) and the locus of manifestation of a particular one of the divine names, being the manifestation of the rulings of that reality. And the manifest name within it is a praise and a perfection for it, even though, relative to one for whom it is unsuitable, it is blame and deficiency—its non-manifestation and the defect therein being the converse—like guidance for the prophets and the perfect saints, and misguidance for the devils. So each of these two is a relative perfection relative to that for which it was created, not relative to what opposes or contradicts it. So the source of blame is only the particularity of the locus which necessitates unsuitability. As for one who has no particularity necessitating [unsuitability], but is rather in himself independent of all, and according to his conditions necessitating of all—each in its place, as his wisdom necessitates and the proof of his power and excellence [shows]—he is one of comprehensive encompassment (ḥayṭiyya), and his perfection accompanies the utmost incomparability of his majesty. Non-suitability is not conceivable in him at all, so no blame attaches to him; rather, he is possessed of the perfection of comprehensiveness and the encompassing of existence. Were any locus of manifestation among his loci of manifestation not to be so described, it would be a flaw in his attribute of encompassing and the perfection of his comprehensiveness. The Greatest Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qāshānī

﴿وليس ذلك إلا لمسمى الله خاصة﴾

أي ولا يكون ذلك العلو الذاتي والكمال المطلق ، إلا للذات الأحدى المتعين بالتعين الأول في الحضرة الواحدية الجامعة للأسماء كلها ، وهو الاسم الأعظم الذي هو عين مسمى الله أو الرحمن . باعتبار أحدية جميع الأسماء المؤثرة الفعالة لا باعتبار كثرتها. قال رضي الله عنه

That is, this essential highness and absolute perfection belongs only to the One Essence (al-dhāt al-aḥadiyya) determined by the First Determination (al-taʿayyun al-awwal) in the Unitary Presence (al-ḥaḍra al-wāḥidiyya) that gathers all the Names—and that is the Supreme Name (al-ism al-aʿẕam), which is identical with the one named God or the All-Merciful, considered in the aspect of the oneness of all the efficacious, active Names, not in the aspect of their multiplicity. He said, may God be pleased with him

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وليس ذلك﴾

أي، الكمال المستغرق لجميع الكمالات

that is, the perfection encompassing all perfections,

Jāmī

﴿وليس ذلك﴾

العلم الذاتي والكمال المستغرق (إلا المسمى) الاسم

— namely, the essential knowledge and the all-encompassing perfection — (but the one named) — the Name

Bālī Zāde

﴿وليس ذلك﴾

الكمال الاستغراقي

all-encompassing perfection is not

al-Qayṣarī

﴿إلا لمسمى الله خاصة﴾

أي، للذات الأحدية الجامعة لجميع الأسماء والصفات

that is, for the Unitary Essence encompassing all names and attributes.

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلا لمسمى الله خاصة﴾

وهو الاسم الأعظم الأعلى على جميع الأسماء

which is the Greatest, Highest Name over all the [other] names

Words 38–39 · 1 of 6

اللَّهِ خَاصَّةً

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿الله خاصة﴾

يعني الذات البحث والوجود المطلق , فإن الاسم الله كما يطلق على مرتبة الإلهية . كذلك يطلق على الذات البحت والوجود المطلق. ولا شك أن هذا الاستغراق للمطلق لا للمقيد بمرتبة الإلهية

— meaning the pure Essence and the Absolute Existence. For the Name "God" (Allāh), just as it is applied to the station of Divinity (ulūhiyya), is likewise applied to the pure Essence and the Absolute Existence. And there is no doubt that this all-encompassing [application] pertains to the Absolute, not to that which is delimited by the station of Divinity

al-Qāshānī

﴿وأما غير مسمى الله خاصة مما هو مجلى له أو صورة فيه ، فإن كان مجلى له فيقع التفاضل لا بد من ذلك بين مجلى ومجلى ، وإن كان صورة فيه فتلك الصورة عين الكمال الذاتي لأنها عين ما ظهرت فيه ، فالذي لمسمى الله هو الذي لتلك الصورة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قوله : مما هو مجلى له أو صورة بيان لغير مسمى الله باعتبار المشهدين المذكورين ، فإن شهود الواحد الحق في الأعيان يوجب كونها مجالى له ، فيكون له وجوه بحسبها ، ولا بد من التفاضل بين المجالى بحسب ظهوره . وفي بعضها بجميع الأسماء كالإنسان الكامل ، أو بأكثرها كالإنسان الغير الكامل أو بأقلها كالجمادات وشهود الصور في الوجود الحق يوجب أن يكون لكل واحدة من تلك الصور عين الكمال الذاتي الذي للكل أي لمسمى الله فإنها عين الذي ظهرت هي فيه فالذي لمسمى الله هو لها . وفي بعض النسخ : فتلك الصورة عين الكمال الذاتي ، لأن كل صورة ظهرت فيه هي عينه فالذي له هو الذي لها ، وما في المتن أوجه وأظهر . والفاء في قوله : فإن كان مجلى له ، هي التي تأتي في جواب أما الشرطية ، التي دخلت عليها خبر المبتدأ الذي هو غير مسمى الله. قال رضي الله عنه

His saying 'being either a locus of manifestation for Him or a form within Him' is an explanation of what is other than the one named God, considered in respect of the two aforementioned modes of witnessing. For the witnessing of the One Real (al-wāḥid al-ḥaqq) in the entities (aʿyān) necessitates their being loci of manifestation for Him, so that He has aspects according to them, and differentiation among the loci of manifestation according to His manifestation therein is necessary—in some of them by all the Names, as in the perfect human, or by most of them, as in the imperfect human, or by the fewest of them, as in inanimate things. And the witnessing of the forms within the Real Existence (al-wujūd al-ḥaqq) necessitates that each one of those forms possess the very essential perfection that belongs to the whole—that is, to the one named God—since it is identical with that within which it has become manifest; so what belongs to the one named God belongs to it. In some copies: 'then that form is identical with the essential perfection, since every form manifest within Him is identical with Him, so what belongs to Him is what belongs to it'—but what is in the main text is more fitting and more evident. The fā' in his saying 'if it is a locus of manifestation for Him' is the one that occurs in the apodosis of the conditional ammā, which has governed the predicate of the subject, namely 'what is other than the one named God.' He said, may God be pleased with him

al-Jandī

﴿وأمّا غير مسمّى الله خاصّة ممّا هو مجلى له أو صورة فيه فإن كان مجلى له ، فيقع التفاضل لا بدّ من ذلك بين مجلى ومجلى﴾

يعني : كلّ عين عين من أعيان العالم ، فإنّه مرآته ومجلاه ، يتجلَّى فيه وجوده ، فيتأتّى للمشاهد شهوده . قال رضي الله عنه

- he means: every single entity among the entities of the cosmos is a mirror and locus of manifestation for Him; His existence discloses itself within it, so that witnessing becomes possible for the one who beholds it. He (may God be pleased with him) said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وأما غير مسمى الله خاصة مما هو مجلي له، أو صورة فيه، فإن كان مجلي له فيقع التفاضل - لا بد من ذلك - بين مجلي ومجلى ، وإن كان صورة فيه، فتلك الصورة عين الكمال الذاتي، لأنها عين ما ظهرت فيه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الشرطية خبر المبتدأ الذي دخل عليه (أما). و (الفاء) الذي دخل عليها، جواب (أما) . أي، وغير الذات الأحدية فما هو مجلي، أي مظهرا لها من جملة المظاهر، فليس له ذلك الكمال المستوعب، بل له نصيب منه. وبحسبه يقع التفاضل بين المجلى والمجلى ، على قدر الحيطة وعدم الحيطة، فنصيبه من العلو لا يكون إلا كذلك. وقوله

The conditional clause is the predicate of the subject upon which "as for" (ammā) entered. And the "fa" that entered upon it is the response-marker for "ammā." That is, as for what is other than the Unitary Essence, if it is a locus of self-disclosure—that is, a manifestation of it among the totality of manifestations—then it does not possess that all-encompassing perfection, but rather has a share of it. And according to that share, differentiation occurs between one locus of disclosure and another, in proportion to comprehensiveness or its lack, so its share of exaltedness can only be accordingly. And his saying,

Ibn Turka

﴿وأمّا غير مسمّى « الله » خاصّة﴾

- وهو مشهد العامّة -

—which is the witnessing-place of the common people—

Jāmī

﴿وأما غير مسمى الله خاصة مما هو مجلى﴾

من المجالي المتميزة عنه بالوجود الخارجي

among the loci of manifestation distinguished from Him by external existence,

Bālī Zāde

﴿وأما غير مسمى الله خاصة مما هو مجلی له﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي لمسمى الله

that is, for the one named Allah

Words 45–48 · 1 of 6

مِمَّا هُوَ مَجْلًى لَهُ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿مما هو مجلى له﴾

يعني الأعيان - كما هو مشهد العقل وإيقانه -

that is, the entities (al-aʿyān)—as is the witnessing-place of the intellect and its certainty—

al-Qayṣarī

﴿أو صورة فيه﴾

أي، اسم إلهي أو صفة ذاتية حاصلة في الذات الأحدية التي هي مسمى (الله). وإنما أطلق عليه (الصورة)، لأن الذات مختفية فيه اختفاء المعنى في الصورة، لذلك تعد الأسماء من جملة حجب الذات. أو لكون الذات مع صفة من الصفات تظهر بالصورة الاسمية المسماة بـ (المهية) "الماهية"، وهي التي تظهر في المظاهر الشخصية. وقوله من بعد

that is, a divine name or essential attribute occurring within the Unitary Essence which is the one named "God." It is called "form" (ṣūra) only because the Essence is concealed within it as meaning is concealed within form; for this reason the names are counted among the veils of the Essence. Or because the Essence together with an attribute manifests through the nominal form called the "quiddity" (māhiyya), which is what manifests in the particular manifestations. And his saying afterward,

Ibn Turka

﴿أو صورة فيه﴾

يعني الأسماء - على ما هو مشهد الذوق وعيانه . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is, the Names—according to what is the witnessing-place of taste (dhawq) and its direct vision. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿له أو صورة﴾

اسمية حاصلة (فيه) تنعين به الذات تعيين الهيولي بالصورة ولكن تعيينا عقلي لا خارجيا . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

a nominal form arising (within Him) by which the Essence becomes determined, as matter is determined by form—but a determination that is intellectual (ʿaqlī), not external (khārijī). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿أو صورة فيه﴾

أي أو كان غير مسمى الله صفة ظهرت في مسمى الله هذا ناظر إلى أن صفات الله ليست عین ذاته من وجه. (فإن كان مجلی له) أي وإن كان ذلك الغير مظهر لمسمى الله (فيقع التفاضل لا بد من ذلك العلق (بين مجلی ومجلی) بقدر نصيبه من الإحاطة

that is, or that other were an attribute that becomes manifest within the one named Allah. This looks to the fact that God's attributes are not, from one aspect, identical with His Essence. (If it is a locus of self-disclosure for it) that is, if that other is a manifestation-place for the one named Allah, (then disparity necessarily occurs) by reason of that connection (between one locus of self-disclosure and another) according to the measure of its share in comprehensiveness

Ibn Turka

﴿فإن كان مجلى له ، فيقع التفاضل ، لا بدّ من ذلك بين مجلى ومجلى﴾

حسبما يتنوّع منه الأحكام على الحقّ المتجلَّى فيه وقبوله إيّاها - كما بيّن - وعند ما وقع التفاضل بين تلك الأحكام تمايزت المذمومات الثلاث عن المحمودات فانحرف مستوى الإحاطة عن استقامته وعلوّه . فلا يكون له الكمال الذاتيّ بعينه - بل بمثاله وعكسه - وإلى ذلك أشار بقوله رضي الله عنه

according to how the rulings diversify upon the Real who manifests within it and its acceptance of them—as has been explained. And when differentiation occurred among those rulings, the three blameworthy attributes became distinguished from the praiseworthy ones, so the level of encompassment deviated from its uprightness and loftiness. Thus he does not possess the essential perfection as such, but rather by its likeness and reflection. And to that he pointed in his saying, may God be pleased with him

Jāmī

﴿فإن كان﴾

أي عين مسمى الله

that is, if the entity of the one named 'God'

Jāmī

﴿مجلى له فيقع التفاضل لا بد من ذلك﴾

أي من وقوع التفاضل بين مجلى ومجلی بحسب ظهوره في بعض المجالي بجميع الأسماء كالإنسان الكامل . وفي بعضها ببعضها وما يظهر فيه ببعضها أيضا يقع فيه التفاضل

necessarily occurs between one locus of manifestation and another] — that is, the occurrence of differentiation necessarily follows, according to His manifestation in some loci of manifestation by all the Names, as in the case of the Perfect Human, and in others by some of them; and what manifests in it by some of them also admits of differentiation.

Words 57–61 · 1 of 6

التَّفَاضُلُ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿و لا بدّ من واحد﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في العين

in actuality

al-Jandī

﴿وإن كان صورة فيه ، فتلك الصورة عين الكمال الذاتي , لأنّها عين ما ظهرت فيه . فالذي يسمّى الله هو الذي لتلك الصورة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال العبد يعني : أنّ الصورة الإنسانية الكمالية الذاتية الإلهية هي صورة الذات المسمّاة باسم الله ، وتلك الصورة هي التي تستغرق جميع الصور المعنوية الغيبية الأسمائية الفعلية المؤثّرة والعينية الكونية المتأثّرة المظهرية ، وجميع الصور الروحانية العقلية والنفسية ، وجميع الصور المثالية الجبروتية البرزخية ، والطبيعية الفلكية والعنصرية ، السماوية والأرضية ، والنسب الإضافية العدمية ، فإنّ العالم بكماله وتمامه صورة تفصيل هذه الصور الإنسانية الكمالية الجمعية الذاتية ، فافهم . قال رضي الله عنه

- the servant [i.e., the commentator] says: This means that the perfecting, essential, divine human form is the form of the Essence named by the name 'God,' and that form is what encompasses all the intelligible, unseen, nominal forms - the active, effective ones - and the entitative, cosmic, affected, manifesting ones, and all the spiritual, intellective, and psychic forms, and all the imaginal, jabarūtī, intermediary (barzakhī) forms, and the natural, celestial, and elemental forms - heavenly and earthly - and the privative relative relations. For the cosmos, in its completeness and totality, is the form of the detailed unfolding of these essential, perfecting, all-comprehensive human forms. Understand this. He (may God be pleased with him) said:

Ibn Turka

﴿وإن كان صورة فيه فلتلك الصورة عين الكمال الذاتي﴾

وهو الشمول الإحاطي الجمعي الوحداني ، المستوي على عرش استقامته . وذلك لأنّ من شأن الصورة أنّها تصير عين المرايا والمجالي ، ظاهرة بنفسها مخفية إيّاها ، فإذا كان المشهود هو الصورة فله الكمال الجمعي الوحداني

which is the comprehensive, encompassing, unitive inclusiveness, established upright upon the throne of its uprightness. That is because it is the nature of the form that it becomes the very identity of the mirrors and manifestation-places, manifest by itself while concealing them; so when the witnessed object is the form, it possesses the comprehensive, unitive perfection

Jāmī

﴿وإن كان﴾

أي غير مسمى الله

that is, other than the one named 'God'

Bālī Zāde

﴿وإن كان صورة فيه فتلك الصورة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي تلك الصفة القائمة بذات مسمى الله

that is, that attribute subsisting in the Essence of the one named Allah

Jāmī

﴿صورة فيه فتلك الصورة عين الكمال الذاتي﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

المستغرق بجميع الكمالات . (لأنها) ، أي تلك الصورة

which encompasses all perfections, (because) that is, that form

Words 71–73 · 1 of 6

عَيْنُ الكَمَالِ الذَّاتِيِّ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿عين الكمال الذاتي﴾

أي عين صاحب الكمال الذي لمسمى الله . (لأنها) أي لأن هذه الصفة

that is, identical with the possessor of the perfection belonging to the one named Allah. (Because it), that is, because this attribute

al-Qayṣarī

﴿لأنها عين ما ظهرت فيه﴾

أي، لأن تلك الصورة عين تلك الذات التي ظهرت فيها. واعلم، أن هذا الكلام إنما هو باعتبار أن الاسم عين المسمى. وأما باعتبار أنه غيره، فليس له ذلك الكمال المستوعب، بل نصيب منه، فيقع التفاضل في الأسماء كما يقع في المظاهر. قال رضي الله عنه

that is, because that form is identical to that Essence in which it appeared. And know that this statement is only on the premise that the name is identical with the named. But on the premise that it is other than it, it does not possess that all-encompassing perfection, but rather a share of it, so differentiation occurs among the names just as it occurs among the manifestations. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿لأنّها عين ما ظهرت فيه﴾

بخلاف ما إذا كان المشهود هو المجلى ، فإنّه حينئذ منشأ التفرقة والتكثّر على ما هو الظاهر في المرآة ، فإنّه إذا كان الملحوظ فيها هي الصورة الظاهرة فيها لا تفرقة هناك ، وإذا لوحظ المرآة ظهرت التفرقة لامتياز الصورة عنها . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

unlike the case when what is witnessed is the locus of manifestation (majlā), for then it becomes the source of differentiation and multiplicity, as is apparent in the mirror. For when what is observed therein is the form appearing in it, there is no differentiation there; but when the mirror itself is observed, differentiation appears due to the distinction of the form from it. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿عين ما ظهرت تلك الصورة فيه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بحسب الوجود والتحقق وإن كانت غيره بحسب التعقل، بخلاف المجالي فإنها متمایزة بعضها عن بعض بالتعيينات المختلفة تحققا و مختلفا . ومتميزة عن الوجود الحق أيضا بالتعين والإطلاق، ولظهور غلبة حكم المغايرة بين مسمى الله و مجاليه . وغلبة حكم الاتحاد بينه وبين أسمائه أثبت رضي الله عنه التفاضل بين المجالي. وقال : لا بد من ذلك ونفاه عن الأسماء مع أنه أثبت فيما سبق العلو الذاتي للمجالي أيضا . حيث قال : وهو من حيث الوجود عين الموجودات، فالمسمى محدثات هي العلية لذاتها ولا شك في وجود التفاضل بين الأسماء باعتبار خصوصياتها المتميزة بعضها عن بعض . كما صرح به رضي الله عنه فيما سبق حيث قال : فعلو الاضافة موجود في العين الواحدة من حيث الوجوه الكثيرة . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

in respect of existence and realization, even though it is other than Him in respect of intellection—unlike the loci of manifestation, for they are distinguished from one another by different determinations, both in realization and in differentiation, and are also distinguished from the True Existence by determination as against absoluteness. And because the ruling of otherness predominates between the one named 'God' and His loci of manifestation, while the ruling of unity predominates between Him and His Names, he, may God be pleased with him, affirmed differentiation among the loci of manifestation and said: 'that necessarily follows,' while he negated it with respect to the Names—even though he had earlier affirmed essential loftiness for the loci of manifestation as well, where he said: 'And it, in respect of existence, is identical with the existents,' so that the named things [i.e.] the created things are the very cause (ʿilla) for themselves. And there is no doubt as to the existence of differentiation among the Names by virtue of their particularities, distinguished from one another, as he, may God be pleased with him, made explicit earlier where he said: 'The loftiness of relation exists in the one entity in respect of the many aspects.' The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿عين ما ظهرت﴾

هذه الصفة (فيه) وهو مسمى الله. فكان لها العلو الذاتي لاتحاد الصفة مع الذات فإذا كانت تلك الصفة عين مسمى الله خاصة

namely this attribute, (within it), namely within the one named Allah. Thus it possesses essential exaltedness by reason of the union of the attribute with the Essence. So since that attribute is identical with the one named Allah specifically

Words 78–93 · 1 of 6

فِيهِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿فعلوه الذي لمسمى الله هو علوه الذي لتلك الصورة ولا يقال هي هو ولا هي غيره﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي لا يقول أهل النظر هي هو ول هي غيره . وأما أهل الله فقد قالوا: هي هو و هي غيره من جهتين

, so its exaltedness, which belongs to the one named Allah, is the exaltedness which belongs to that form; and one does not say it is He, nor does one say it is other than He] that is, the people of rational speculation do not say "it is He" nor "it is other than He." But the people of God have said: "it is He" and "it is other than He," from two aspects

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.