Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ قُدُّوسِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ إِدْرِيسِيَّةٍ

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2 · 80 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

قَالَ تَعَالَى وَأَنتُمُ ٱلْأَعْلَوْنَ وَٱللَّهُ مَعَكُمْ فِي هَذَا العُلُوِّ وَهُوَ يَتَعَالى عَنْ المَكَانِ لَا عَنْ المَكَانَةِ وَلَمَّا خَافَتْ نُفُوسُ العُمَّالِ مِنَّا أَتْبَعَ المَعِيَّةَ بِقَوْلِهِ وَلَن يَتِرَكُمْ أَعْمَـٰلَكُمْ فَالْعَمَلُ يُطْلُبُ المَكَانَ وَالعِلْمُ يُطْلُبُ المَكانَةَ فَجَمَعَ لَنَا بَيْنَ الرِّفْعَتَيْنِ عُلُوُّ المَكَانِ بِالْعَمَلِ وَعُلُوُّ المَكانَةِ بِالْعِلْمِ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَنْزِيهًا لِلْاِشْتِرَاكِ بِالْمَعِيَّةِ سَبِّحِ ٱسْمَ رَبِّكَ ٱلْأَعْلَى عَنْ هَذَا الاِشْتِرَاكِ المَعْنَوِيِّ ومن أَعْجَبِ الأُمُورِ كَوْنِ الإِنسَانِ أَعْلَى المَوْجُودَاتِ أَعْنِي الإِنسَانَ الكَامِلَ وَمَا نُسِبَ إِلَيْهِ العُلُوُّ إِلَّا بِالتَّبَعِيَّةِ إِمَّا إِلَى المَكَانِ وَإِمَّا إِلَى المَكَانَةِ وَهِيَ المَنْزِلَةُ

He, exalted is He, said: "You are the uppermost, and God is with you" [Q 47:35], in this highness, while He is exalted above place, not above station. And since the souls of the workers among us became fearful, He followed the withness with His words: "and He will never deprive you of [the reward of] your works" [Q 47:35]. For work seeks place and knowledge seeks station; so He combined for us the two elevations: highness of place through work and highness of station through knowledge. Then He said, declaring [Him] incomparable with respect to the sharing [implied] by the withness: "Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High" [Q 87:1], [that is,] above this sharing in meaning. And among the most wondrous of matters is that the human being is the highest of existents, I mean the perfect human, and yet highness is attributed to him only derivatively, either through place or through station, which is rank.

On the whole passage · 1 of 7

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿"والله معكم" في هذا العلو، وهو يتعالى عن المكان لا عن المكانة. ولما خافت نفوس العمال منا أتبع المعية بقوله «ولن يتركم أعمالكم»: فالعمل يطلب المكان و العلم يطلب المكانة، فجمع لنا بين الرفعتين علو المكان بالعمل و علو المكانة بالعلم. ثم قال تنزيها للاشتراك بالمعية «سبح اسم ربك الأعلى» عن هذا الاشتراك المعنوي. و من أعجب الأمور كون الإنسان أعلى الموجودات، أعني الإنسان الكامل،﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Jandī

﴿وَأَنْتُمُ الأَعْلَوْنَ وَالله مَعَكُمْ﴾

في هذا العلوّ ، وهو يتعالى عن المكان لا عن المكانة ، ولمّا خافت نفوس العمّال منّا ، أتبع المعيّة بقوله : " وَلَنْ يَتِرَكُمْ أَعْمالَكُمْ " فالعمل يطلب المكان ، والعلم يطلب المكانة ، فجمع لنا بين الرفعتين : علوّ المكان بالعمل ، وعلوّ المكانة بالعلم . قال العبد : العلوّ حقيقة نسبية للعالي والعليّ كالرفعة للرفيع ، وهي على قسمين : حقيقيّة لمن هي منسوبة إليه أو إضافية ، وإن كانت هي في عينها وحقيقتها نسبة ولكنّها قد تكون ذاتية حقيقية كالعلوّ الإلهي الذاتي على ما سنذكر في موضعه ، إن شاء الله تعالى . وقد تكون إضافية ، والإضافية على وجهين : علوّ بالنسبة إلى المكان العالي كالمتمكَّنات الكائنة أعالي الأمكنة ، أو الكائنات المتمكَّنة في الأماكن العالية كالصور الطبيعية العالية العرشية ، ثم الصور الفلكية التي حول الكرسي وفيه. وهذا النوع من العلوّ المكاني معلوم عرفا وعقلا وشرع ، والذي ذكره الشيخ رضي الله عنه من علوّ المكان على مقتضى التحقيق الكشفي هو لفلك الأفلاك الحقيقي الكشفي لا المشهور العرفي المتداول في عرف المتفلسفة ، فإنّ فلك الأفلاك عند حكماء الرسوم هو الأطلس الذي فوق الأمكنة كلَّها محيط بها ، وهو ظاهر . ولكنّ ثمّ سرّا عليّا وتحقيقا إلَّيّا ، وذلك كما ذكرنا أنّ العلوّ الحقيقيّ هو الذاتي ، فإن كان مكان من الأماكن ، له مكانة ذاتية كفلك الشمس الذي مكانه الوسطية التي إليها نسبة جميع الأماكن ، على السواء كالمركز نسبة كلّ جزء من أجزاء المحيط إليه على السواء فكان إذن لهذا المكان علوّ ذاتي على سائر الأماكن ومزية مرتبة ، فهو إذن أعلى الأمكنة والأماكن ، وكذلك للفلك الأطلس من حيث إحاطته بالكلّ والعرش والكرسيّ من حيث المستوي والمتدلَّي ، ولكنّها نسبية إضافية . وكالفلك الوسطيّ القطبي الشمسي الرابع عرفا والثامن تحقيقا من فوقه ومن تحته ، فإنّ فوقه سبعة وتحته سبعة وهو الثامن من كلّ جهة ، فلهذا المكان المكانة الزلفى والإحاطة المعنوية العليا ، وفيه عرش الإلهية من نور اللاهوت ، والحياة والجود ، ومنها تنفهق الأنوار وتنبعث الأضواء ، علوا وسفلا فاستحقّ هذا الفلك في مشرب التحقيق أن يكون فلك الأفلاك والعلوّ المذكور في إدريس عليه السّلام هو علوّ المكان في قوله تعالى : " وَرَفَعْناه ُ مَكاناً عَلِيًّا " وفي هذا المكان روح إدريس بما تروحن من جسده الشريف عليه السّلام . وأمّا علوّ المكانة مطلقا فهو للمحمّديّين من قوله تعالى

in this highness (ʿuluww) - and He transcends place, not rank/station (makāna). And when the souls of those among us who perform [righteous] works feared, He followed the "withness" (maʿiyya) with His saying: "And He will never deprive you of [the reward of] your works." For works seek place, while knowledge seeks station. Thus He joined for us the two elevations: the highness of place through works, and the highness of station through knowledge. The servant [the author] said: Highness is a relative reality (nisba) for the high one and the exalted one, like loftiness for the lofty. It is of two kinds: a reality proper to that to which it is ascribed, or a relational one - though in its very essence and reality it is a relation (nisba), it may nonetheless be essentially real, like the Divine essential highness, as we shall mention in its place, God Most High willing. It may also be relational, and the relational is of two aspects: highness relative to a high place, such as things situated in upper places, or existents situated in high places, such as the high natural, ʿarsh-related forms, then the celestial forms around the Kursī and within it. This kind of spatial highness is known conventionally, rationally, and by the Law. What the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, mentioned regarding the highness of place according to the verificatory unveiling (kashfī) is for the true, unveiled Sphere of Spheres (falak al-aflāk), not the well-known conventional one current among the philosophers. For the Sphere of Spheres, according to the formal philosophers (ḥukamāʾ al-rusūm), is the Atlas sphere that is above all places, encompassing them - and this is the manifest (ẓāhir) sense. But there is an exalted secret and a verification proper to me [or 'reaching unto me']: as we mentioned, the true highness is the essential one. For if a given place has an essential station, like the sphere of the sun, whose place is the median point to which the relation of all places is equal - like the center's relation to every part of the circumference equally - then this place has an essential highness over all other places and a distinguishing rank; it is thus the highest of places and locations. Likewise the Atlas sphere, from the aspect of its encompassing the whole, and the Throne (ʿarsh) and the Seat (kursī), from the aspect of what is level and what is suspended - but these are relational. And likewise the median, polar, solar sphere - the fourth conventionally and the eighth in verification, from above it and below it, for above it are seven and below it are seven, and it is the eighth from every direction. So this place possesses the station of nearness (al-zulfā) and the supreme spiritual encompassment, and in it is the Throne of Divinity from the Light of the Godhead (lāhūt), and life, and bounty; from it lights burst forth and illuminations are emitted, upward and downward. So this sphere deserves, in the verificatory taste, to be the Sphere of Spheres. And the highness mentioned regarding Idrīs, peace be upon him, is the highness of place in His saying, exalted is He: "And We raised him to a high place" (wa-rafaʿnāhu makānan ʿaliyyan). In this place is the spirit of Idrīs, by what was spiritualized of his noble body, peace be upon him. As for the highness of station absolutely, it belongs to the Muhammadans, from His saying, exalted is He,

﴿وَأَنْتُمُ الأَعْلَوْنَ﴾

فهو لنا ، لكمال نسبتنا من حضرة الجمع المحمدي . لكون الأفضلية للعلوّ المرتبي من حيث المكانة على العلوّ المكاني ، وهو تعالى معنا في هذا العلوّ ، لكون مرتبته في الوجود المطلق أعلى من مرتبة الوجود المقيّد ، ولمرتبته أيضا أحدية جمع المراتب كلَّها . ثمّ إنّه لمّا أثبت الله لنا علوّ المكانة في كتابه الكريم دون العلوّ المكاني ، كما أثبت لإدريس عليه السّلام خافت نفوس من لم يثبت له علوّ المكانة العلمية من العمّال والعبّاد من العباد من هذه الأمّة ، لكون الأعمال جسمانية أن لا يبقى لهم من علوّ المكان حظَّ إلهي ، فأعقب سبحانه وتعالى بقوله : " وَلَنْ يَتِرَكُمْ أَعْمالَكُمْ " ، أي لن يبخسكم وينقصكم من أعمالكم الجسمانية شيئا فإنّ أعمالكم ، لها أعلى الأمكنة ، لأنّ سدرة المنتهى التي إليها تنتهي أعمال بني آدم مترتّبة إلى العرش الذي له أعلى الأمكنة ، فجمع الله لنا من الوارث المحمدي بين العلوّين ، فنحن الأعلون ، والله معنا في هذه الأعلويّة . قال رضي الله عنه : « ثمّ قال تنزيها للاشتراك بالمعيّة

- this belongs to us, by the perfection of our relation (nisba) to the Muhammadan Presence of All-Comprehensiveness, since the superiority belongs to hierarchical highness (al-ʿuluww al-martabī), in respect of station, over spatial highness. And He, exalted is He, is with us in this highness, since His rank in Absolute Existence (al-wujūd al-muṭlaq) is higher than the rank of Delimited Existence (al-wujūd al-muqayyad), and since His rank also comprises the oneness of all ranks together. Then, when God affirmed for us the highness of station in His noble Book, without [affirming] highness of place - as He had affirmed [highness of place] for Idrīs, peace be upon him - the souls of those among the workers and worshippers of this community for whom the highness of scientific/gnostic station was not affirmed feared, since works are corporeal, that no divine portion of the highness of place would remain for them. So He, glory and exaltation be His, followed with His saying: "And He will never deprive you of your works," that is: He will not diminish or detract anything from your corporeal works, for your works possess the highest of places, since the Lote-Tree of the Utmost Boundary (sidrat al-muntahā), to which the works of the children of Adam ascend, is ordered up to the Throne, which possesses the highest of places. Thus God joined for us, through the Muhammadan inheritance, the two highnesses together: so we are the uppermost, and God is with us in this supreme highness." He, may God be pleased with him, said: "Then He said, declaring incomparability (tanzīhan) against any sharing implied by the 'withness'

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وأنتم الأعلون﴾

) مخاطبا لهذه الأمة. كما قال: (كنتم خير أمة أخرجت للناس) ، (وكذلك جعلناكم أمة وسطا لتكونوا شهداء على الناس.) (

"And you are the uppermost" (Q. 3:139), addressing this community, just as He said: "You are the best community brought forth for humanity" (Q. 3:110), and "Thus We have made you a middle community, that you may be witnesses over humanity" (Q. 2:143).'

al-Tilimsānī

﴿وأنتم الأعلون والله معكم» (محمد: 35) في هذا العلو، وهو يتنزه عن علو المكان لا عن علو المكانة. ومعنى قوله تعالى:﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ولن يتركم أعمالکم" (محمد: 35) أي ولن ينقصها. ثم نسب العمل إلى المكان والعلم إلى المكانة، فجعل العلم أعلى من العمل. وفي هذا إشارة إلى أنه ما أراد بالعلم أنه العلم الذي هو يكتفيه العمل، فإن العمل أفضل من ذلك العلم لأنه توطئة للعمل والتوطئة دون الموطأ له، وإنما أراد بالعلم هنا العلم بالله تعالى، فإنه أعلى من العمل. قال: فجمع لنا بين الرفعتين: علو المكان بالعمل وعلو المكانة بالعلم. قال ولما ذكر المعية معنا في العلو عرفنا أنه ليس بمحصور في ذلك العلو الذي نشارکه نحن فيه فقال: "سبح اسم ربك الأعلى

in this loftiness, and He is above loftiness of place, not above loftiness of rank. And the meaning of His saying: "and He will not let your deeds go to waste" (Muḥammad: 35) is that He will not diminish them. Then he attributed deed/work to place and knowledge to rank, making knowledge higher than deed. In this there is an indication that he did not mean by "knowledge" the knowledge that deed/action requires as sufficient, for deed is superior to that [preparatory] knowledge, since it [knowledge] is a preparation for deed, and the preparation is lower than that for which it prepares. Rather, he meant here by "knowledge" the knowledge of God, exalted is He, for it is higher than deed. He said: thus He combined for us the two elevations - loftiness of place through deed, and loftiness of rank through knowledge. He said: and when He mentioned the "being-with" (maʿiyya) with us in loftiness, we knew that He is not confined to that loftiness in which we share with Him, so He said: "Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High"

﴿وأنتم الأعلون﴾

والله معكم في هذا العلو، وهو يتعالی عن المكان لا عن المكانة، ولما خافت نفوس العمال منا أتبع المعية بقوله: "ولن يتركم أعمالكم" (محمد: 35) . فالعمل يطلب المكان والعلم يطلب المكانة، فجمع لنا بين الرفعتين على المكان بالعمل وعلو المكانة بالعلم. ثم قال تنزيها للاشتراك بالمعية

And God is with you in this loftiness (ʿuluww), and He is exalted above place (makān), not above rank/station (makāna). When the souls of the workers among us feared [this], He followed the "being-with" (maʿiyya) with His saying: "and He will not let your deeds go to waste" (Muḥammad: 35). For deed/work seeks place, and knowledge seeks rank. So He combined for us the two elevations: loftiness of place through deed, and loftiness of rank through knowledge. Then He said, declaring incomparability (tanzīh) regarding the sharing in the "being-with":

al-Qayṣarī

﴿والله معكم﴾

في هذا العلو، وهو يتعالى عن المكان لا عن المكانة). أي،الحق من حيث إطلاقه، وإن كان له العلو الذاتي الذي هو أصل أنواع العلو،مشارك معنى في العلو المرتبي أو يحكم أنه معنى يكون له العلو أيضا، لكنه يتعالىعن العلو المكاني، فإنه من خواص الأجسام. فعلوه علو المكانة. قال رضي الله عنه : (ولما خافت نفوس العمال منا، أتبع المعية بقوله: (ولن يتركم أعمالكم.) فالعمل يطلب المكان، والعلم يطلب المكانة، فجمع لنا بين الرفعتين: علو المكان بالعمل، وعلو المكانة بالعلم). أي، لما علم الزهاد والعباد الذين لا علم لهم بالحقائق ولا معرفة أن علو المكانة إنما هو بحسب العلم والكشف الحقيقي وخافت نفوسهم وحسبوا أن لا نصيب لهم من العلو، ذكر الحق في كلامه بعد . قال رضي الله عنه : (والله معكم ولن يتركم). أي، لا ينقصكم الحق أعمالكم، فيكون لكم علو المكان بحسب أعمالكم. وإنما كان علو المكانة للعلم وعلو المكان للعمل، لأن المكانة للروح، كما أن المكان للجسم، والعلم روح العمل والعمل جسده. فاقتضى كل منهما بحسب المناسبة ما يشبهه ويماثله: فعلو المكانة للعالم، وعلو المكان للعامل، ومن جمع بينهما فله العلوان. قال رضي الله عنه : (ثم قال تنزيها للاشتراك بالمعية

"And God is with you" (Q. 47:35) in this elevation, and He transcends place but not station.' That is, the Real, inasmuch as He is absolute (muṭlaq), even though He has essential elevation which is the root of all kinds of elevation, shares in meaning in elevation of rank, or it may be judged that He has, in meaning, this elevation as well; yet He transcends elevation of place, for that belongs to the properties of bodies. So His elevation is elevation of station. He, may God be pleased with him, said: 'And when the souls of the workers among us feared, He followed up the "being-with" by His saying: "and He will not deprive you of your works" (Q. 47:35). For work seeks place, and knowledge seeks station; so He combined for us the two loftinesses: elevation of place through work, and elevation of station through knowledge.' That is, when the ascetics and worshippers who have no knowledge of the realities and no gnosis learned that elevation of station is only according to knowledge and true unveiling (kashf), and their souls feared and they supposed that they had no share of elevation, the Real mentioned afterward in His speech—he, may God be pleased with him, said: '"And God is with you and will not deprive you [of your works]."' That is, the Real will not diminish your works for you, so that you will have elevation of place according to your works. Elevation of station belongs to knowledge and elevation of place belongs to work only because station belongs to the spirit, just as place belongs to the body, and knowledge is the spirit of work while work is its body. Each of the two thus required, according to its correspondence, what resembles and corresponds to it: elevation of station for the knower, and elevation of place for the worker; and whoever combines the two has both elevations.' He, may God be pleased with him, said: 'Then He said, declaring incomparability (tanzīh) against [any notion of] partnership through the being-with:'

﴿والله معكم﴾

وأثبت له العلو أيضا، كما أثبتهلنا، وهو له لذاته ولنا بالتبعية، فنزه عن هذا الاشتراك المعنوي بقوله

"And God is with you," thereby establishing elevation for Himself as well, just as He established it for us—it being His by His very essence, and ours by subordination—He declared Himself incomparable with respect to this meaningful partnership by His saying:

Jāmī

﴿"والله معكم"﴾

[محمد: 26]. يريد معيته

[Muhammad: 26]. He means His companionship

﴿والله معكم﴾

في هذه الأعلوية "المنزلة الأعلى" . وقوله رضي الله عنه

in this superiority, "the highest rank." And His, may God be pleased with him, saying

Bālī Zāde

﴿والله معكم﴾

علمنا أن المراد من قوله : "وأننم الأعلون" إثبات علو المكانة لنا لتعاليه عن المكان دون المكانة . ولو كان المراد علوا بالمكان تزم إثبات ما هو من خواص الأجسام للحق تعالى عن ذلك فعلو الحق لا يكون إلا بالمرتبة وعلونا قد يكون بالمكان وقد يكون بالمكانة وقد يكون بهما . (ولما خافت النفوس العمال منا) يعني لما علم الله تعالى في نفوس العمال خافت بسبب هذه الآية أن لا يكون لهم نصيب من العار المكاني لأنه لما اتبع الخطاب بقوله

we knew that what is meant by His saying, "and you are the uppermost," is the establishment of elevation of standing for us, since He is exalted above place but not above standing. For if elevation by place had been meant, it would entail ascribing to the Real, Exalted above that, what belongs to the properties of bodies. So the elevation of the Real can only be by rank, whereas our elevation may be by place, or by standing, or by both. (And when the souls of the workers among us feared) meaning when God, Exalted, knew in the souls of the workers—they feared, by reason of this verse, that they would have no share of locative honor, because when the address was followed by His saying

﴿والله معكم﴾

علموا أن ليس المراد العلو المكاني الذي نتائج أعمالهم فكانوا خارجين عن الخطاب فضاعت أعمالهم فخافوا . فلما خافو

they knew that what was not meant was the locative elevation that is the fruit of their deeds, and so they were excluded from the address, and their deeds were lost—so they feared. And when they feared

﴿والله معكم﴾

أثبت لنفسه ما أثبت لنا وهو العلو بالمكانة فجعلنا شریكا لنفسه في اسمه العلي فكان علوه تبعا بالمكانة كعلون فلزم تنزیه اسمه عن الاشتراك. فأورد الشيخ آية التنزيه بقوله

He established for Himself what He established for us, namely elevation by standing, thus making us a partner with Himself in His name 'the Most High,' so that His elevation was [made] subordinate by standing as our elevation [is]. This necessitated declaring His name incomparable with regard to partnership. So the Shaykh cited the verse of incomparability (tanzīh) in his saying

Words 7–9 · 1 of 7

فِي هَذَا العُلُوِّ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿في هذا العلو﴾

المعهود من الأعلوية (وهو سبحانه) في مرتبة جمعه

the known elevation of superiority (and He, glory be to Him) in the rank of His comprehensiveness (jamʿ)

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهو يتعالى عن المكان لا عن المكانة﴾

وبين إثباته له. فإن ذلك التعالي بحسب الذات، لا بحسب المظاهر والأسماء، والإثبات بحسبهما. وكذا ما يقتضى نسبة علو المكانة إليه هو: (كل شئ هالك %~% ) . إذ البقاء مع هلاك الأشياء. وكونه مرجع الأمور والانفراد بالإلهية منزلة عظيمة ومكانة رفيعة لا يمكن أن يكون فوقها مرتبة. (ولما قال تعالى: (ورفعناه مكانا عليا) فجعل (عليا) نعتا للمكان). جواب (لما) محذوف اكتفاء بجواب (لما) الثاني. أي، لما قال كذا، علمنا أن علو المكان ليس لكونه مكانا، إذ لو كان كذلك لكان لكل مكان، بل اختصاص من الله لذلك المكان، وذلك الاختصاص هو المكانة. وقال أيضا: (

and His affirming place for Himself. For that transcendence is with respect to the Essence (al-dhāt), not with respect to the loci of manifestation (maẓāhir) and the Names, while the affirmation is with respect to the latter two. Likewise, what necessitates attributing the loftiness of station (ʿuluww al-makāna) to Him is: (Everything is perishing...). Since subsistence [belongs to Him alone] while things perish. And His being the point of return of all affairs and His exclusive possession of divinity is an immense degree and a lofty station above which no rank can be. (And when He, Exalted, said: 'and We raised him to a lofty station,' making 'lofty' a description of the station). The apodosis of 'when' is omitted, it being sufficient with the apodosis of the second 'when.' That is, when He said such, we knew that the loftiness of station is not due to its being merely a place, for if it were so, it would belong to every place; rather it is a special distinction (ikhtiṣāṣ) from God for that place, and that special distinction is the 'station' (al-makāna). He also said: (

Jāmī

﴿يتعالی عن المكان لا عن المكانة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فالعلو الذي هو معهم فيه لا يكون إلا على المكانة. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه: (ولما) أثبت سبحانه و تعالی عنه المكانة

for the elevation that He shares with them in cannot be except in station. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (And since) He, glory and exaltation be to Him, affirmed for them station

Words 14–16 · 1 of 7

لَا عَنْ المَكَانَةِ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿لا عن المكانة﴾

لأنّه لا رتبة وراء رتبة الإطلاق ، ولا سلطنة أعظم من سلطنته الإحاطيّة ، فتكون المعيّة المنصوص بها إنّما هي في علوّ المكانة - لا غير

for there is no rank beyond the rank of absoluteness, and no sovereignty greater than His all-encompassing sovereignty. Hence the "withness" (maʿiyya) stated in the text can only be in elevation of station—and nothing else.

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولما خافت نفوس العمال منا أتبع المعية بقوله : " ولَنْ يَتِرَكُمْ أَعْمالَكُمْ " فالعمل يطلب المكان والعلم يطلب المكانة ، فجمع لنا بين الرفعتين : علو المكان بالعمل وعلو المكانة بالعلم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي ولما وصفنا بأننا الأعلون وأن الله معنا فهم العمال منا علو المكانة لتنزه الحق عن المكان وثبوت الأعلوية بالعلم . فخافوا فوات أجر العمل ، لأن العمل يقتضي علو المكان وحصول الثواب في الجنة ، فأتبع المعية بقوله " ولَنْ يَتِرَكُمْ أَعْمالَكُمْ " أي ينقصكم أعمالكم ، ليعلموا أن الرفعة العلمية الرتبية لا تنافي الرفعة العلمية المكانية ، وأن الله يجمعهما لهم. فإن الله تعالى مع كل شيء في كل حضرة. قال رضي الله عنه

companionship (al-maʿiyya) with His saying: "and He will never deprive you of your works" (Q 47:35). For works seek place, and knowledge seeks rank; thus He joined for us the two elevations: height of place through works, and height of rank through knowledge.] That is, when we were described as "the uppermost" and that "God is with us," the workers among us understood [this as] height of rank, due to the Real's transcendence of place and the establishment of supremacy through knowledge. So they feared the loss of the reward of works, since works require height of place and the attainment of recompense in Paradise. So He followed the companionship with His saying "and He will never deprive you of your works," meaning "He will not diminish your works for you" - so that they might know that elevation in knowledge/rank does not contradict elevation in place, and that God joins the two for them. For God Most High is with everything in every presence (ḥaḍra). He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿ولمّا خافت نفوس العمّال منّا﴾

- إذ فهموا من الآية معيّة علوّ المكانة - أن يفوت جزاء أعمالهم - يعني علوّ المكان -

—since they understood from the verse the withness pertaining to elevation of station—that the reward of their deeds might be lost—meaning elevation of place—

Jāmī

﴿خافت نفوس العمال منا﴾

أعني أفرادها والعباد الذي لا علم لهم بالحقائق نقصان أجزاء أعمالهم الذي هو علو المكان، فإن علو المكانة لا يكون جزاء إلا عن العلوم والمعارف

i.e., the individuals among them, and the servants who have no knowledge of the realities, feared the diminishment of the portions of their works, which is elevation of place—for elevation of station can only be a recompense for knowledges and gnoses

Ibn Turka

﴿أتبع المعيّة بقوله : " وَلَنْ يَتِرَكُمْ أَعْمالَكُمْ "﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

[ 47 / 35 ] - أي لن ينقصكم . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

[47:35]—that is, He will never diminish you. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿اتبع المعية بقوله : "ولن يتركم"﴾

أي ثم ينقصكم الحق سبحانه ( "اعمالكم") فيكون لكم على المكان بحسب أعمالكم كما كان لكم على المكانة بحسب علومكم قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (فالعمل بطلب المكان) و علوه كمراتب الجنان

i.e., then the Real, glory be to Him, will not diminish for you ("your works")—so that you will have elevation in place according to your works, just as you have elevation in station according to your knowledges. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (For work seeks place) and its elevation is like the ranks of the Gardens (Paradise)

Bālī Zāde

﴿اتبع المعية بقوله ولن يتركم أعمالكم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لإزالة خوفهم وتسليهم فالعمل بطلب المكان كما في إدريس تبدلت بشريته بالرياضيات والأعمال الصالحات حتی رفعه الله مكانا عليا جزاء عن أعماله . ولم يكن له علو المكانة لما أن ذلك بالفناء في الخلق وإدريس عليه السلام لم يكن له الفناء الذي يوصل إلى التوحيد الذاتي المحمدي هذا في حال حياته. وأما في الآخرة فقد جمع الله له اترفعتين فما جمع الله بين الرفعتين إلا لمن كان عالما وعاملا . (فالعلم بطلب المكانة والعمل يطلب المكان) فمن كان عليا بالعلم فله علو المكانة ومن كان عليا بالعمل فله علو المكاني (فجمع) الله

companionship was followed by His saying: and He will not let your deeds go to waste] to remove their fear and console them. So striving by deeds seeks place, as in the case of Enoch, whose human nature was transformed through spiritual disciplines and righteous deeds until God raised him to a lofty place as a reward for his deeds. But he did not have elevation of standing, since that comes about through annihilation in creation, and Enoch, peace be upon him, did not possess the annihilation that leads to the essential Muhammadan unity—this [applies] in the state of his [earthly] life. As for the Hereafter, God has combined for him the two elevations, for God combines the two elevations only for one who is both knowing and acting. (For knowledge seeks standing, and deeds seek place) So whoever is elevated by knowledge has elevation of standing, and whoever is elevated by deeds has elevation of place. (And God has combined)

Words 28–30 · 1 of 7

فَالْعَمَلُ يُطْلُبُ المَكَانَ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿فالعمل يطلب المكان﴾

من حيث تجسّدهما وكونهما آخر سلسلة الترتيب

insofar as both are corporealized and constitute the last link in the chain of ordering.

Ibn Turka

﴿والعلم يطلب المكانة﴾

من حيث تروّحهما وكونهما أول سلسلة الترتيب

insofar as both are spiritualized and constitute the first link in the chain of ordering.

Jāmī

﴿والعلم يطلب المكانة﴾

ورفعتها كمراتب الشرب من الله تعالى

and its loftiness is like the ranks of drinking (al-shurb) from God the Exalted

Ibn Turka

﴿فجمع لنا بين الرفعتين : علوّ المكان - بالعمل - وعلوّ المكانة - بالعلم - ثمّ قال تنزيها للاشتراك بالمعيّة : " سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الأَعْلَى " [ 87 / 1 ] عن هذا الاشتراك المعنويّ﴾

فإنّ العلوّ الذاتيّ لا يكون إلَّا للحقّ ، والعلوّ الذي لغيره بالتبعيّة . العلوّ للمكان والمكانة بالذات ولغيرهما بالتبع قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

—transcending this notional partnership] For essential elevation (al-ʿuluww al-dhātī) belongs only to the Real, while the elevation belonging to other than Him is by derivation. Elevation Belongs Essentially to Place and Station, and to Others by Derivation: The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿فجمع لنا﴾

في هذه الآية (بين الرفعين على المكان). الحاصل للعلماء بالله (بالعمل) ، أي بسبب الاشتغال بالعمل جزاء به

in this verse (the two elevations: elevation of place) attained by the knowers of God (through work), i.e., by reason of engagement in work as recompense for it

Bālī Zāde

﴿لنا بين الرفعتين بالنص على المكان بالعمل وعلو المكانة بالعلم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

هذا الجمع في الدار الآخرة . فإن علو المكانة يختص بولاة الأمر وإن كان أجهل الناس فعلمنا أن العمل يطلب على المكان في الآخرة وعلمنا أن العلم يطلب كذلك فما كان علية منا في الدار الآخرة بعلو المكانة فهو علي بعلو المكان إذ لا يحصل العلم الحاصل من الفناء في الله إلا بالعمل الموجب له إلا المجذوبين وليس كل من كان عليا بالمكان عليا بالمكانة كالزهاد. فإنهم في أعلى الجنان وليس لهم علو بالمكانة لأن أعمالهم لا لطلب العلم بالله بل لطلب المكان العلي فأعلى الله مرادهم على حسب طلبهم. ولما قال

This combination is in the Abode of the Hereafter. For elevation of standing belongs specifically to the custodians of the authority, even if one were the most ignorant of people. So we know that deeds seek elevation of place in the Hereafter, and we know that knowledge likewise seeks it. So whoever among us is elevated in the Hereafter by elevation of standing has that elevation by elevation of place, since the knowledge that results from annihilation in God is attained only through the deed that necessitates it—except for those who are spiritually seized (al-majdhūbīn). And not everyone elevated by place is elevated by standing, as with the ascetics; for they are in the highest of the Gardens, yet they have no elevation of standing, because their deeds were not for seeking knowledge of God but for seeking a lofty place, so God elevated their object of desire according to what they sought. And when He said

Words 41–42 · 1 of 7

وَعُلُوُّ المَكانَةِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿وعلو المكانة﴾

الحاصل للعلماء بالله (بالعلم) ، أي بسبب التجلي بالعلم نتيجة له وإنما كان على المكانة العلم و عنو المكان للعمل. لأن العلم أمر معنوي روحاني المكانة والعمل أمر صوري جسماني كالمكان فاقتضى كل منهما ما يناسبه

attained by the knowers of God (through knowledge), i.e., by reason of self-disclosure (tajallī) through knowledge as a result of it. And elevation of station was specifically for knowledge, while elevation of place was for work, because knowledge is a spiritual, meaning-based matter whose rank pertains to station, while work is a formal, corporeal matter like place—so each of the two required what suited it

al-Qāshānī

﴿ثم قال تنزيها لاشتراك المعية " سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الأَعْلَى " عن هذا الاشتراك المعنوي﴾

يعنى لما أثبت له تعالى معيتنا في الأعلوية ، أو هم الاشتراك في علو المكانة فنزهه بقوله

in companionship: "Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High" (Q 87:1) - [declaring Him incomparable] from this notional sharing.] That is, when companionship with us in supremacy was affirmed for Him Most High, or [when] sharing in height of rank was imagined, He declared Him incomparable by His saying:

Jāmī

﴿ثم قال تعالى تنزيها للاشتراك بالمعية﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي تنزيها واقعا لأجل الاشتراك المتوهم بين الحق و بين المحمديين في الأعلوية بسبب معيته معهم المفهومة من قوله

i.e., a real declaration of incomparability on account of the supposed sharing between the Real and the Muhammadans in superiority, by reason of His companionship with them understood from His saying

Bālī Zāde

﴿ثم قال تنزيها للاشتراك بالمعية "سبح أسم ربك الأعلى " عن هذا الاشتراك المعنوي﴾

أي الاشتراك الذاتي. بمعنى أن العلم كما ينسب إلى الله تعالى لذاته كذلك ينسب إلى المكانة لذاتها وهذا هو المفهوم من الآية السابقة. فلما قال

, removing this conceptual partnership] i.e., the essential partnership—meaning that just as elevation is ascribed to God, Exalted, for His own Essence, so too it might be ascribed to standing for its own essence, and this is what is understood from the preceding verse. So when He said

al-Qāshānī

﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الأَعْلَى﴾

عن هذا الاشتراك ، فإن العلو المطلق الذاتي له وحده وهو أعلى بذاته مطلقا لا بالنسبة إلى غيره ، فإن كل علو ليس إلا له وكل ما ينسب إليه علوه ، فبقدر ما يتجلى فيه باسمه العلى ينسب إليه فلا شريك له في أصل العلو ، فلا علوية إضافة له وكل ما علا فباسمه علا. قال رضي الله عنه

- from this sharing. For absolute, essential height belongs to Him alone, and He is Most High by His Essence, absolutely, not relative to anything else. For every height is His alone, and whatever height is ascribed to anything is [really] His height - to the extent that He discloses Himself (tajallī) in it by His name "the Most High" is it ascribed to it. So He has no partner in the root of height; there is no relational height belonging [truly] to the created thing; and whatever is high is high only by His name. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Jandī

﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ﴾

عن هذا الاشتراك المعنوي " . يعني رضي الله عنه : أنّ الله تعالى لمّا وصفنا بأنّا الأعلون ، ثم أثبت لهويته تعالى المعيّة معنا بقوله :"وَهُوَ مَعَكُمْ ". فأوهم بالاشتراك في الأعلويّة ، فأتبع تعالى بقوله : " سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الأَعْلَى " ، أي عن هذه الأعلويّة الثابتة لنا ، وعن الاشتراك ، فإنّ درجات الأكملية والأعلوية لا نهاية لها ، فإنّا وإن كنّا الأعلين ، لجمعنا بين علوّ المكان وعلوّ المكانة فإنّه جمع مقيّد بين علوّين مقيّدين ، والحقّ جمع الجمع بين علوّي جميع المكانات والأمكنة من كونه عين الكلّ ، ومن وجه آخر أعلى وهو العلوّ الذاتي ، فإنّ العليّ لذاته مع ماله من أنواع العلوّ كما ذكرنا ، فعلوّه غير منحصر في العلوّ المكاني أو المرتبي أو الجمعي والذاتي ، فافهم . قال رضي الله عنه : « ومن أعجب الأمور كون الإنسان أعلى الموجودات أعني الإنسان الكامل ، وما نسب إليه العلوّ إلَّا بالتبعيّة ، إمّا إلى المكان وإمّا إلى المكانة وهي المنزلة ، فما كان علوّه لذاته ، فهو العليّ بعلوّ المكان وبعلوّ المكانة ، فالعلوّ لهما . فعلوّ المكان ك " الرَّحْمنُ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ اسْتَوى

regarding this notional sharing." He means, may God be pleased with him: that when God, exalted is He, described us as the uppermost, then affirmed for His own identity, exalted is He, the 'withness' with us in His saying "and He is with you," this created the suggestion of a sharing in supreme highness. So He, exalted is He, followed with His saying: "Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High" - that is, [declare Him transcendent] above this highness established for us, and above any sharing therein. For the degrees of utmost perfection and highness have no limit. For even though we are the uppermost, by our joining the highness of place and the highness of station, this is a delimited joining of two delimited highnesses, whereas the Real's joining is the joining of all joinings (jamʿ al-jamʿ) between the highnesses of all stations and places, from His being the very Essence of the whole (ʿayn al-kull), and from another, higher aspect, which is the essential highness (al-ʿuluww al-dhātī). For the Most High in His Essence, together with what pertains to Him of the kinds of highness we have mentioned - His highness is not confined to spatial, hierarchical, comprehensive, or essential highness [alone]. So understand. He, may God be pleased with him, said: "And among the most wondrous of matters is that the human being is the highest of existents - I mean the perfect human (al-insān al-kāmil) - yet highness is ascribed to him only derivatively, either to place or to station, which is rank (al-manzila); his highness was not for his own essence. Rather he is the high one by the highness of place and by the highness of station, for the highness belongs to these two. The highness of place is like [His saying]: 'The All-Merciful is established upon the Throne,'

al-Qayṣarī

﴿سبح اسم ربك الأعلى﴾

عن هذا الاشتراك المعنوي). ولما قال

"Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High" (Q. 87:1), against this meaningful partnership.' Now, when He said:

﴿سبح اسم ربك الأعلى﴾

الذي له العلو الذاتي، وليس ذلك لأحد غيره

"Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High," Who possesses essential elevation, which belongs to none other than Him.

al-Tilimsānī

﴿سبح اسم ربك الأعلى﴾

[الأعلى: 1] عن هذا الاشتراك المعنوي. قلت : هذه الحكمة الشريفة نسبتها إلى القدوس تعالى، واشتقاق القدوس من التقديس وهو في اللغة التطهير واعتبر، رضي الله عنه، مضمون الآية وهو قوله تعالى: "ورفعناه مكانا عليا" (مريم: 57) فأخذ يبين العلو فقسمه إلى علو مكان وإلى علو مكانة، فعلى المكان معروف وعلو المكانة الجاه. فشرع، رضي الله عنه، يبين أولا علو المكان، فذكر أن أعلاه فلك الشمس وهو السماء الرابعة. قال: وفيه مقام روحانية إدريس، عليه السلام، فبين، رضي الله عنه، أن فوق فلك الشمس سبعة أفلاك وتحته سبعة أفلاك وهو في حقيقة الوسط، والوسط هو أعلى بدليل قوله تعالى: "وكذلك جعلناكم أمه وسطا" (البقرة: 143). أي خيارا، ثم ذكر الأفلاك التي فوق فلك الشمس على الترتيب، فذكر أن فوقه فلك الأحمر وهو المريخ، وفوق فلك الأحمر "المريخ" فلك المشتري. وفوقه فلك كیوان و کیوان هو زحل ، وفوقه فلك المنازل وهو فلك البروج وفيه الكواكب كلها إلا السبعة السيارة. ثم ذكر أن فوقه الأطلس وهو التاسع المحيط. ثم ذكر ، رضي الله عنه، أن فوق التاسع فلك الكرسي وفوقه فلك العرش فهذه سبعة أفلاك كلها كما ذكر فوق فلك الشمس. وأما الأفلاك التي تحت فلك الشمس فأقرب ما يليه فلك الزهرة، وفلك الكاتب بعده وهو عطارد. وإن كان قد قيل: إن عطارد فوق الزهرة والمعتمد هو ما يقوله مشايخنا، رضي الله عنهم، فإنهم خلفاء الرسول عليه السلام. قال: ثم فلك القمر، ثم اكرة الأثير وهي فلك النار، ثم فلك الهواء، ثم فلك الماء المخالط الكرة الأرض، ثم كرة الأرض. قال: فصار فلك الشمس قطب الأفلاك فهو بهذا رفيع المكان، وإنما كان القطب أرفع من المحيط به لأن المركز وهو مطمح نظر كل نقطة من المحيط المحيط فإليه يتوجه فهو عندها الأعلى . ونقطة القطب وحدها تعم نقط المحيطات كلها و تسعها حيث يتوجه كلها إليها فيقبلها على اختلافها ولا تضيق عن شيء منها مع أنها لا تنقسم. قال: وأما على المكانة فهو لنا، أعني المحمديين، لقوله تعالى

(al-Aʿlā: 1) - above this notional sharing. I say: this noble wisdom [chapter] he attributed to the Holy (al-Quddūs), exalted is He; and the derivation of al-Quddūs is from taqdīs, which linguistically means purification. He, may God be pleased with him, considered the content of the verse, namely His saying: "And We raised him to a lofty place" (Maryam: 57). So he began to explain loftiness (ʿuluww), dividing it into loftiness of place and loftiness of rank; loftiness of place is well-known, and loftiness of rank is prestige/standing (al-jāh). He, may God be pleased with him, began by explaining first the loftiness of place, mentioning that its highest is the sphere of the sun, which is the fourth heaven. He said: in it is the station of the spirituality of Enoch (Idrīs), peace be upon him. He explained, may God be pleased with him, that above the sphere of the sun there are seven spheres and below it seven spheres, and it is in reality the middle, and the middle is the highest, as evidenced by His saying: "Thus We have made you a middle nation" (al-Baqara: 143), meaning the best/chosen. Then he mentioned the spheres above the sphere of the sun in order: above it is the red sphere, which is Mars; above the sphere of Mars is the sphere of Jupiter; above it is the sphere of Kaywān, and Kaywān is Saturn; above it is the sphere of the Mansions (al-Manāzil), which is the sphere of the Zodiac signs, containing all the stars except the seven planets. Then he mentioned that above it is Atlas, the ninth encompassing [sphere]. Then he mentioned, may God be pleased with him, that above the ninth is the sphere of the Throne-seat (al-Kursī), and above it the sphere of the Throne (al-ʿArsh) - these are seven spheres altogether above the sphere of the sun, as he mentioned. As for the spheres beneath the sphere of the sun, the nearest to it is the sphere of Venus, then after it the sphere of the Scribe, which is Mercury - though it has been said that Mercury is above Venus; but what is relied upon is what our masters, may God be pleased with them, say, for they are the successors of the Messenger, peace be upon him. He said: then the sphere of the Moon, then the sphere of ether, which is the sphere of fire, then the sphere of air, then the sphere of water mixed with the sphere of earth, then the sphere of earth. He said: thus the sphere of the sun became the pole (quṭb) of the spheres, and by this it is lofty in place. The pole is loftier than what encompasses it, because the center is the focal point toward which every point of the surrounding encompassing [sphere] looks; toward it all turn, so for them it is the highest. The point of the pole alone encompasses all the points of the encompassing spheres and contains them all, since they all turn toward it; it receives them in their differences without being too narrow for any of them, even though it is indivisible. He said: as for loftiness of rank, that belongs to us, I mean the Muhammadans, according to His saying

Jāmī

﴿سبح اسم ربك الأعلى﴾

[الأعلى: 1] . مقولا للقول "السابق". وقوله رضي الله عنه

[al-Aʿlā: 1]—said as a continuation of the "preceding" statement. And His, may God be pleased with him, saying

Bālī Zāde

﴿سبح اسم ربك الأعلى﴾

علم أن علوه تعالی لذاته وعلو الموجودات كلها لا لذاتها بل العلو له تعالی كله . حيث ظهر وغيره على بعلوه فلا يقع اشتراك غيره معه في علو بالاشتراك المعنوي بل الاشتراك في العلو لا يكون إلا لفظ

it became known that His elevation, Exalted, is for His Essence, while the elevation of all existent things is not for their own essence—rather, the elevation belongs to Him, Exalted, entirely. Wherever it manifests, other than Him is elevated by His elevation, so no partnership occurs between another and Him in elevation by way of conceptual sharing; rather, sharing in elevation is only verbal

al-Tilimsānī

﴿(الأعلى: 1) عن هذا الاشتراك المعنوي. قال الشيخ، رضي الله عنه: ومن أعجب الأمور كون الإنسان الكامل أعلى الموجودات وما نسب إليه العلو إلا بالتبعية، إما إلى المكان وإما إلى المكانة وهي المنزلة الرفيعة. فما كان علوه لذاته فهو العلى بعلو المكان وبعلو المكانة , فالعلو لهما. فعلو المكان ك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الرحمن على العرش استوى

above this notional sharing. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: Among the most wondrous things is that the perfect human (al-insān al-kāmil) is the highest of existents, yet loftiness is attributed to him only derivatively - either to place or to rank, which is the lofty station. As for that whose loftiness belongs to it by its own essence, it is the Most High (al-ʿAlī) through loftiness of place and loftiness of rank, for loftiness belongs to both of these [in His case]. Loftiness of place is like [His saying]: "The All-Merciful settled upon the Throne"

Jāmī

﴿عن هذا الاشتراك المعنوي﴾

يتعلق بقوله : سبح أي سبح ونزه ربك الذي هو الأعلى من أن يشار كه أحد في الأعلوية عن هذا الاشتراك المعنوي أي الوتر في المعنى بأن يكون هناك حقيقتان متغايرتان مشتركنان في أمر واحد بل ليس هذا الاشتراك إلا بحسب الصورة والمفارقة بين الحق والخلق . وأما بحسب المعنی والحقيقة الحاكمة بأن لا وجود إلا للحق فلا الأعلوية ، بل لا علو إلا للحق سبحانه في مرتيني جمع، وتفصيله

relates to His saying "glorify," i.e., glorify and declare incomparable your Lord, who is the Most High, from being shared by anyone in superiority—incomparability with respect to this conceptual sharing, meaning uniqueness in meaning (al-witr fī al-maʿnā), such that there would be two mutually distinct realities sharing in one thing. Rather, this sharing is only with respect to outward form and the apparent separation between the Real and creation. But with respect to meaning and the reality that rules that there is no existence except for the Real, there is no superiority at all—rather, there is no elevation except for the Real, glory be to Him, in the two ranks of comprehensiveness (jamʿ) and differentiation (tafṣīl).

al-Qāshānī

﴿ومن أعجب الأمور كون الإنسان أعلى الموجودات ، أعنى الإنسان الكامل ، وما نسب إليه العلو إلا بالتبعية ، إما إلى المكان وإما إلى المكانة وهي المنزلة ، فما كان علوه لذاته فهو العلى بعلو المكان وبعلو المكانة فالعلو لهما﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بيان أن العلو ليس إلا له فإن الإنسان الكامل أعلى الموجودات وما نسب إليه العلو إلا بتبعية المكان والمكانة فعلوه بسبب علوهما . وإذا لم يكن لا على الموجودات علو ذاتى فكيف لغيره فعلم أن العلو الذي وصف به المكان والمكانة في قوله

This is a clarification that height belongs to none but Him. For the perfect human is the highest of existents, yet height is ascribed to him only derivatively through place and rank; so his height is due to the height of these two. And if the highest of existents has no essential height, how much more so does everything else lack it! Thus it is known that the height with which place and rank are described, in His saying:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ومن أعجب الأمور﴾

كون الإنسان أعلى الموجودات، أعني الإنسان الكامل، وما نسب إليه العلو إلا بالتبعية، إما إلى المكان وإما إلى المكانة، وهي المنزلة) كون الإنسان أعلى الموجودات، إنما هو باعتبار مرتبته الجامعة للمراتب كلها. أي، ومن أعجب الأمور أنه أعلى مرتبة من جميع الموجودات، وليس له العلو بذاته، بلباعتبار المكان الذي هو دونه، أو باعتبار المكانة وهي المرتبة. قال رضي الله عنه

is that the human being—I mean the Perfect Human—is the highest of existent things, yet elevation is not attributed to him except by subordination, either to place or to station, which is rank.' The fact that the human being is the highest of existent things is only in consideration of his rank which comprehends all ranks. That is, among the most astonishing of matters is that he is the highest in rank among all existent things, yet he does not possess elevation by his very essence, but rather in consideration of the place which is beneath him, or in consideration of station, which is rank. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿ومن أعجب الأمور كون الإنسان - أعني الإنسان الكامل - أعلى الموجودات ، وما نسب إليه العلوّ إلَّا بالتبعيّة ، إمّا إلى المكان وإمّا إلى المكانة - وهي المنزلة -﴾

وهما من الموجودات ، فيكون علوّ الإنسان تابعا لما يكون هو أعلى منه ، وهذا من خصائص جمعيّته الإطلاقيّة وإحاطتها بالأطراف والأضداد . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

and these two are among the existents, so the human's highness becomes subordinate to that which he is higher than. This is among the properties of his absolute comprehensiveness (jamʿiyya) and its encompassing of the extremities and opposites. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿ومن أعجب الأمور كون الإنسان أعلا الموجودات أعني الإنسان الكامل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإن مرتبته جامعة للمراتب كلها . وأما الناقص فمرتبته أسفل السافلين. قال الشيخ الأكبر رضي الله عنه

For his rank (martaba) comprehends all ranks. As for the deficient one, his rank is the lowest of the low. The Greatest Master (al-Shaykh al-Akbar), may God be pleased with him, said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿ومن أعجب الأمور كون الإنسان أعلى الموجودات اعني الإنسان الكامل﴾

وهو روح الأعظم المحمدي تظهر الأسماء

who is the greatest Muhammadan spirit, in whom the [divine] Names manifest

Jāmī

﴿و ما نسب إليه العلو إلا بالتبعية، إما إلى المكان و إما إلى المكانة و هي المنزلة. فما كان علوه لذاته. فهو العلي بعلو المكان و بعلو المكانة. فالعلو لهما. فعلو المكان. كـ «الرحمن على العرش استوى» وهو أعلى الأماكن. وعلو المكانة «كل شيء هالك إلا وجهه»، و«إليه يرجع الأمر كله»، «أإله مع الله». ولما قال الله تعالى «و رفعناه مكانا عليا» فجعل «عليا» نعتا للمكان، «و إذ قال ربك للملائكة إني جاعل في الأرض خليفة»، فهذا علو المكانة. … وما نسب إليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي إلى الإنسان الكامل

'The All-Merciful seated Himself upon the Throne' - and it [the Throne] is the highest of places. And the highness of standing is [as in] 'Everything is perishing except His Face,' and 'To Him all affairs return,' and 'Is there a god with God?' And when God Most High said, 'And We raised him to a high place,' He made 'high' (ʿaliyyan) a description of the place. [And when He said,] 'And when your Lord said to the angels: Indeed I am placing a vicegerent on the earth' - this is the highness of standing... And highness is ascribed to him] i.e., to the perfect human

Bālī Zāde

﴿وما نسب إليه العلو إلا بالتبعية أما﴾

بالنسبة (إلى) على (المكان) . (وأما) بالنسبة (إلى) علو

with respect to elevation of place, (or) with respect to elevation of

Jāmī

﴿العلو إلا بالتبعية … إما إلى المكان وإما إلى المكانة وهي﴾

أي المكانة هي

i.e., standing (al-makāna) is

Words 78–80 · 1 of 7

المَكَانَةِ وَهِيَ المَنْزِلَةُ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿المكانة وهي المنزلة﴾

لأن العلو نسبة ولا يظهر نسبة إلى شيء إلا بالإضافة إلى شيء آخر له علو. فما يحدث العلو في شيء إلا بالتبع إلى علو المكان أو إلى على المكانة وإذا كان الإنسان مع كونه أعلى الموجودات يحتاج في ظهوره علوه إلى المكان والمكانة إذ لا ينسب إليه العلو إلا بعد الظهور بالعلم . فلا يظهر العلو في شيء إلا بالنسبة إلى المكان أو المكانة

because elevation is a relation, and no relation to a thing manifests except through connection to something else that possesses elevation. So elevation does not occur in anything except derivatively, in relation to elevation of place or elevation of standing. And given that man, despite being the most elevated of existent things, requires place and standing for his elevation to manifest—since elevation is not ascribed to him except after manifesting through knowledge—then elevation manifests in nothing except in relation to place or standing

Words 80–83 · 1 of 7

المَنْزِلَةُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿المنزلة فما كان علوه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي لم يكن على الإنسان الكامل (بذاته) بل بواسطة المكان أو المكانة (فهو العلو بعلو المكان) كإدريس عليه السلام (وبعلو المكانة) كالمحمديين (فالعلو) بالأصالة لهما)، أي للمكان والمكانة وبالتبعية للإنسان الكامل. ولما ذكر أن الموصوف بالعلو أصالة هو المكان أو المكانة أراد أن يشير إلى كل منهما بالنسبة للحق سبحانه والخلق بما ورد في القرآن فقال

i.e., it did not belong to the perfect human (by his own essence) but rather by means of place or station (so highness is either highness of place), like Enoch, peace be upon him, (or highness of station), like the Muhammadans, (so highness) belongs originally to the two of them, i.e., to place and to station, and derivatively to the perfect human. And since he mentioned that what is described by highness originally is place or station, he wished to indicate each of the two in relation to the Real, Glory be to Him, and to creation, in accordance with what is reported in the Qur'an, so he said

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.