Mashrabaمشربة

The commentators side by side

One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ حَقِّيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ إِسْحَاقِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶10 in the text

10 · 87 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

وَلَمَّا كَانَ لِلرُّؤْيَا هَذَانِ الوَجْهَانِ وَعَلَّمَنَا اللَّهُ فِيمَا فَعَلَ بِإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمَا قَالَ لَهُ الأَدَبَ لِمَا يُعْطِيهِ مَقَامُ النُّبُوَّةِ عَلِمْنَا فِي رُؤْيَتِنَا الحَقَّ تَعَالَى فِي صُورَةٍ يَرُدُّهَا الدَّلِيلُ العَقْلِيُّ أَنْ نَعْبُرَ تِلْكَ الصُّورَةَ بِالحَقِّ المَشْرُوعِ إِمَّا فِي حَقِّ حَالِ الرَّائِي أَوِ المَكَانِ الَّذِي رَآهُ فِيهِ أَوْ هُمَا مَعًا فَإِنْ لَمْ يُرِدْهَا الدَّلِيلُ العَقْلِيُّ أَبْقَيْنَاهَا عَلَى مَا رَأَيْنَاهَا كَمَا نَرَى الحَقَّ فِي الآخِرَةِ سَوَاءٌ فَلِلْوَاحِدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فِي كُلِّ مَوْطِنٍ مِنَ الصُّوْرِ مَا يَخْفَىٰ وَمَا هُوَ ظَاهِرٌ فَإِنْ قُلْتَ هَذَا الحَقُّ قَدْ تَكُ صَادِقًا وَإِنْ قُلْتَ أَمْرٌ آخَرُ أَنْتَ عَابِرٌ

Since dream-vision has these two aspects, and since God taught us, through what He did with Abraham and what He said to him, the courtesy (adab) required by the station of prophethood, we learned that when we see the Real (exalted is He) in a form that rational proof rejects, we are to interpret (naʿbur) that form by the Real as prescribed by the revealed Law. [That interpretation concerns] either the state of the viewer, or the place in which he saw Him, or both together. If rational proof does not reject it, we leave it as we saw it, just as we shall see the Real in the hereafter, exactly alike. To the One, the All-Merciful, belong in every site forms, some of which are hidden and some manifest. If you say, 'This is the Real,' you may be truthful; and if you say, 'Something else,' you are interpreting [it] (ʿābir).

On the whole passage · 1 of 5

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿فإن قلت هذا الحق قد تك صادقا %~% وإن قلت أمرا آخرا أنت عابر وما حكمه في موطن دون موطن %~% ولكنه بالحق للخلق سافر إذا ما تجلى للعيون ترده %~% عقول ببرهان عليه تثابر ويقبل في مجلي العقول وفي الذي %~% يسمى خيالا والصحيح النواظر يقول أبو يزيد في هذا المقام لو أن العرش وما حواه مائة ألف ألف مرة في زاوية من زوايا قلب العارف ما أحس بها. وهذا وسع أبي يزيد في عالم الأجسام.﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(فإذا قلت) مشيرا إلى ما رأيته من تلك الصور (هذا) . المرئي هو (الحق) تعالی

(So if you say), referring to what you saw of those forms, (this) that is seen is (the Real), exalted

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولما كان للرؤيا هذان الوجهان﴾

أي الإبقاء على حاله والتعبير

namely, remaining as it is and admitting of interpretation.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ولما كان للرؤيا هذان الوجهان﴾

التعبير وعدمه

interpretation and the absence of interpretation

Ibn Turka

﴿ولمّا كان للرؤيا هذان الوجهان ، وعلَّمنا الله - فيما فعله بإبراهيم وما قال له الأدب - لما يعطيه مقام النبوّة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

على جلالة قدرها من الابتلاء والاختبار في الرؤيا أهلها ، وعدم تقريرهم الصورة المرئيّة بحاله

despite the majesty of its rank, trial and testing occur in dream-visions for their possessors, and they do not fix the seen form as definitively corresponding to His actual state.

Jāmī

﴿ولما كان للرؤيا هذان الوجهان﴾

أي التعبير و عدمه

namely, requiring interpretation and not requiring it

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولما كان للرؤيا هذان الوجهان﴾

أي التعبير وعدم التعبير وعلمنا الله نيما نعل بإبراهيم عليه السلام) بالوحي بنبينا عليه السلام (و) علمن (ما قال له) من قوله : "أن يا إبراهيم قد صدقت الرؤيا " وما عبرت (الأدب) أي علمنا الأدب

— that is, [being subject to] interpretation and not [being subject to] interpretation — "and God taught us, through what He did with Abraham" (by revelation to our Prophet, peace be upon him) "and" He taught us "what He said to him" — from His saying: "O Abraham, you have confirmed the vision" — and what did not need interpreting — [He taught us] "the proper conduct (adab)" — that is, He taught us the proper conduct...

al-Qāshānī

﴿وعلمنا الله فيما فعل بإبراهيم وما قال له الأدب﴾

أي علمناه الأدب ، فيما فعل بإبراهيم من إراءته الكبش في صورة ابنه وتفديته به ، وفيما قال له في قوله : "قَدْ صَدَّقْتَ الرُّؤْيا إِنَّا كَذلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ إِنَّ هذا لَهُوَ الْبَلاءُ الْمُبِينُ "

That is, He taught him good manners through what He did with Abraham — showing him the ram in the form of his son and ransoming him with it — and through what He said to him in His words: "You have confirmed the vision as true; thus indeed do We reward the doers of good (al-muḥsinīn). Indeed this is indeed the clear trial."

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وعلمنا الله فيما فعل بإبراهيم﴾

من الابتلاء والفداء

of the trial (ibtilāʾ) and the ransom (fidāʾ)

Jāmī

﴿وعلمنا الله فيما فعل بإبراهيم﴾

من إرائته الكبش بصورة إبنه و عدم اطلاعه على المراد منها أو وإعطائه الفدية وتمكنه من ذبحها ليعلم المراد اخر

by showing him the ram in the form of his son, without informing him of what was meant by it, or by granting the ransom and enabling him to slaughter it, so that he might know what was meant afterward

Bālī Zāde

﴿وعلمنا الله فيما فعل بإبراهيم وما قال له الأدب﴾

اعلم أن علم التعبير علم يدرك به ما أراد الله تعالى بتلك الصورة الظاهرة في حضرة الخيال بآرائه ، وهي معرفة المناسبات التي بين الصور ومعانيها ، ومعرفة مراتب النفوس التي تظهر تلك الصور في خيالاتهم ، ومعرفة الأزمنة والأمكنة وغيرها مما له مدخل في التعبير ، فإنه قد يختلف حكم الصورة الواحدة بالنسبة إلى أشخاص مختلفة المراتب . بل بالنسبة إلى شخص واحد في زمانين أو مكانين ، وبكمال هذه المعرفة ونقصانها تتفاوت حال المعبرين في الإصابة والخطأ في التعبير ( فإن الشيطان لا يتمثل على صورتي ) فإن قلت : لا يلزم من عدم تمكن الشيطان من التمثل بصورته أن تكون صورته المثالية عينه عليه الصلاة والسلام لا غيره ، لجواز أن يتمثل بصورته ملك أو روح لإنسان أو معنى من المعافى كشرعه وسنته ، وغير ذلك مما له نسبة إليه في معنى الهداية وغيرها . قلت : يمكن أن تكون سنة الله تعالى جارية بأن لا يتمثل بصورته وجبلته شيء أصلا تعظيما لشأنه ، ويكون تخصيص الشيطان بالذكر للاهتمام بنفي تمكنه من التمثل بصورته لما لا يخفى وجهه اهـ جامى

etiquette (al-adab).] Know that the science of [dream-]interpretation (ʿilm al-taʿbīr) is a science by which one grasps what God Most High intends by that form manifest in the presence of imagination, according to His purposes — it consists in the knowledge of the correspondences between forms and their meanings, the knowledge of the ranks of souls in whose imaginations such forms appear, and the knowledge of times, places, and other factors bearing on interpretation; for the ruling on one and the same form may differ with respect to persons of different ranks — indeed even with respect to a single person at two different times or two different places. And according to the perfection or deficiency of this knowledge, interpreters vary in accuracy and error. ("For Satan cannot assume my form") — now should you say: it does not follow, from Satan's inability to assume his form, that the imaginal form [seen in dreams] is necessarily his very person, peace be upon him, and no other — since it is possible for an angel, or the spirit of some human being, or some meaning among the bestowed graces (al-maʿāfī), such as his Law (sharʿ) and his Sunna, or something else bearing a relation to him in the sense of guidance and the like, to assume his form — I say: it is possible that God's wont (sunna) runs such that nothing whatsoever assumes his form and constitution (jibla), out of exaltation of his rank; and the specific mention of Satan would be due to concern to negate specifically his capacity to assume that form, for a reason not hard to discern. End, Jāmī.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 3597); moved here

Words 11–13 · 2 of 5

وَمَا قَالَ لَهُ

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وما قال له﴾

من قوله: (أن يا إبراهيم، قد صدقت الرؤيا). أي، صدقت ما رأيت وما عبرت إلى ما نحن أردناه منها

namely His saying: "O Ibrāhīm, you have verified the vision" (qad ṣadaqta al-ruʾyā) — that is, you verified what you saw and what you interpreted it toward, which is what We intended by it

Jāmī

﴿وما قال له﴾

من قوله : "يا إبراهيم قد صدقت الرؤيا " لا صدقت فيه (الأدب) يعني دب موطن الرؤيا وهو عدم القطع بظاهرها وتعبيرها بالمراد منه إذا دل دليل على عدم إرادة ظاهرها. وكله الأمر فيها إلى الحق ليظهر على الرائي أن المراد بها إما ظاهرها بلا تعير أو أمر آخر يعبر به . وإنما وقع تعليم ذلك الأدب

namely His saying: "O Abraham, you have fulfilled the vision" — not "you were truthful in it" — (the decorum), meaning the decorum of the station of the dream-vision, which is not to decide definitively on its apparent sense and to interpret it according to what is meant by it when a proof indicates that its apparent sense is not intended. And the matter in it is entirely entrusted to the Real, so that it becomes clear to the one seeing whether what is meant by it is either its apparent sense without interpretation, or another matter requiring interpretation. And the teaching of that decorum occurred only

﴿وما قال﴾

الله تعالی (له) أي لإبراهيم عليه السلام

— God Most High — (to him), that is, to Abraham, peace be upon him,

al-Qāshānī

﴿لما يعطيه مقام النبوة﴾

من الابتلاء وتعليم التعبير والتنبيه على تصديقه الرؤيا ، وأن ذلك جزاء إحسانه فإن المحسنين محبوبون لقوله تعالى: " إِنَّ الله يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ " والمحبوب معصوم ومعنى به فلذلك علمه وأدبه ، وقوله

namely trial, the teaching of dream-interpretation, and the alerting to his confirmation of the vision; and that this is the reward of his good action, for those who do good are beloved, in accordance with His saying: "Indeed God loves those who do good"; and the beloved is protected [from error] and is cared for—and for that reason He taught him and instructed him in proper comportment. And his saying—

al-Qayṣarī

﴿الأدب لما يعطيه مقام النبوة﴾

أي، علمنا الله الأدب فيما فعل بإبراهيم لما يقتضيه مقام النبوة من التأدب بين يدي الله تعالى. قوله

that is, God taught us proper conduct through what He did with Ibrāhīm, by virtue of what the station of prophethood requires of comportment (ta'addub) before God, exalted is He. His saying

Jāmī

﴿لما يعطيه مقام النبوة﴾

أي لأن يقام النبوة مع جلالة قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

i.e., because the station of prophecy, with its

Bālī Zāde

﴿لما يعطيه … مقام النبوة﴾

فالأدب في مقام النبوة الطلب علم كل شيء من الله بلا حكم بالرأي فغفل إبراهيم عليه السلام من هذا الأدب بسبب اعتماده على هذا الوجه وأدبه الله تعالی بقوله : "قد صدقت الرؤيا" الصافات: 105. فأخبر لنا عن أحواله تعليما لنا الأدب مع الله (علمنا) جواب لم

— for proper conduct in the station of prophecy is to seek knowledge of everything from God, without ruling by one's own judgment. Abraham, peace be upon him, became heedless of this proper conduct because of his reliance on this [second] aspect, and God, exalted is He, instructed him in proper conduct through His saying: "You have indeed confirmed the vision" (al-Ṣāffāt 37:105). So He informed us of his states, teaching us proper conduct with God. ("He taught us") is the answer to "lammā" (when)...

al-Qāshānī

﴿علمنا في رؤيتنا الحق تعالى في صورة يردها الدليل العقلي أن نعبر تلك الصورة بالحق المشروع إما في حق حال الرائي أو المكان الذي رآه فيه ، أو هما معا﴾

جواب لما ، وحق العبارة أن يقول أو في حقهما معا ، فعدل إلى الضمير المرفوع على تأويل هذه الجملة أو المعبر بالحق المشروع هما معا . والمعنى : أنا إذا رأينا الحق في صورة يمنع الدليل حملها على الظاهر ، عبرناها بالحق المشروع في العرف الشرعي ، لما روى : أن بعض الصالحين في بلاد الغرب رأى الحق تعالى في المنام في دهليز بيته فلم يلتفت إليه فلطمه في وجهه ، فلما استيقظ قلق قلقا شديدا . فأخبر الشيخ قدس سره بما رأى وفعل ، فلما رأى الشيخ ما به من القلق العظيم ، قال له : أين رأيته ؟ قال : في بيت لي اشتريته ، قال الشيخ : ذلك الموضع مغصوب ، وهو حق للحق المشروع اشتريته ولم تراع حاله ولم تف لحق الشرع فيه فاستدركه . ففحص الرجل عن ذلك فإذا هو من وقف المسجد وقد بيع بغصب ، ولم يعلم الرجل ولم يلتفت إلى أمره ، فلما تحقق رده إلى وقف المسجد واستغفر الله . فمثل هذا إذا رؤي وجب تأويله ، ولعل الشيخ علمه من شدة قلقه أنه ليس بحال الرائي. فسأل عن المكان الذي رأى فيه

This is the answer to "when" [lammā]; and the correct expression would be to say "or with respect to both together," but he turned to the nominative pronoun by way of interpreting this clause as [meaning] "or that which is to be interpreted by the licit truth [applies to] both together." The meaning is: when we see the Real in a form that rational proof prevents us from taking literally, we interpret it in accordance with the licit truth according to legal convention (al-ʿurf al-sharʿī) — for it is related that a certain righteous man in the lands of the West saw the Real, Exalted is He, in a dream in the vestibule of his house, and did not attend to Him, whereupon He struck him on the face. When he awoke he was greatly disturbed. He informed the Shaykh — God sanctify his secret — of what he had seen and done. When the Shaykh saw the extreme disturbance that had befallen him, he said to him: "Where did you see Him?" He said: "In a house of mine that I had bought." The Shaykh said: "That place is usurped (maghṣūb); it is a right belonging to the licit truth — you bought it without regard for its true state, and did not fulfill the right of the Law concerning it; so set it right." The man investigated the matter, and indeed it was part of a mosque endowment (waqf) that had been sold by usurpation, the man not knowing of it nor having paid any attention to the matter. When this was confirmed, he restored it to the mosque endowment and sought God's forgiveness. So the like of this, when seen, must be interpreted; and perhaps the Shaykh knew, from the intensity of his disturbance, that it was not [a matter pertaining to] the state of the seer. So he asked about the place in which he had seen it

al-Qayṣarī

﴿علمنا في رؤيتنا الحق تعالى في صورة يردها الدليل العقلي أن نعبر تلك الصورة بالحق المشروع، إما في حق حال الرائي، أو المكان الذي رآه فيه، أوهما معا﴾

جواب (لما). وقوله

is the apodosis of "lammā" ("since"/"when"). And his saying

Ibn Turka

﴿علمنا في رؤيتنا الحقّ تعالى … في صورة يردّها الدليل العقلي﴾

لا الأدلَّة مطلقا. لأنّ العقل موطن التمييز بين الحق والباطل ، ومحلّ تسطير تصوّر الأشياء بما هي عليه - فإذا كانت الصورة التي رئي الحقّ عليها مما يردّها العقل لا بدّ و

not proofs absolutely. For reason is the locus of discrimination between truth and falsehood, and the place where the conception of things as they truly are is inscribed. So when the form in which the Real is seen is among those that reason rejects, it is necessary

Jāmī

﴿علمنا في رؤيتنا الحق تعالی﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

جواب لما أي لما كانت الرؤيا تحتمل وجهين التعبير وعدمه وعند ظهور الدليل على عدم إرادة ظاهرها تعین التعبير علمنا في رؤيتنا الحق تعالى في موطن الرؤيا

is the apodosis of "lammā" ("when"), meaning: since the dream-vision admits of two aspects — requiring interpretation and not requiring it — and when a proof appears indicating that its apparent sense is not intended, interpretation becomes necessary, we were taught, in our seeing of the Real (exalted is He) at the station of dream-vision,

Bālī Zāde

﴿علمنا في رؤيتنا الحق تعالى في صورة يردها الدليل العقلي أن نعبر تلك الصورة بالحق المشروع إما في حق حال الرائي أو المكان الذي رآه فيه ، أو هما معا﴾

( لما يعطيه ) الأدب ( مقام النبوة ) فالأدب في مقام النبوة طلب علم كل شيء من الله بلا حكم رأى اه ( بالحق المشروع ) وهو ما ثبت بالشرع أن الحق يتجلى بصور الاعتقادات ، وهو الذي أثبت له الشرع الأحكام المختلفة بحسب ما يناسب حال الرائي ، وهو اعتبار الحق مع الأسماء والصفات ، وفي الحقيقة ما ظهرت بهذه الصور إلا الأسماء والصفات ، وذات الحق منزهة عن هذه الظهورات ، وأما الحق الذي ثبت بالدليل العقلي وهو الحق من حيث غناؤه عن العالمين فحال عند العقل أن يثبت له غير الصفات الكمالية ، فالتعبير بالحق المشروع ( إما ) واقع ( في حال الرائي أو في ) حق ( المكان ) إذ الأمكنة مختلفة بالشرف ، فللمكان مدخل في الرؤية بالشرف والخساسة أو هما أي أو واقع في حقهما معا ، يعنى إذا رأينا الحق في المنام بتلك الصورة نعبر بالشرع ونقول إن الحق يظهر لنا بصور أحوالنا فتلك الصورة لنا لا له إبقاء لحكم الدليلين العقلي والشرعي

(because of what) discipline/propriety (gives) (the station of prophethood); for discipline in the station of prophethood is to seek knowledge of everything from God without passing judgment on what one has seen - end quote - (by the licit meaning), which is what is established by the Law (sharʿ), namely that the Real discloses Himself in forms of beliefs; and it is this that the Law has established with varying rulings according to what suits the state of the viewer, which is the consideration of the Real together with the Names and Attributes. In reality it is only the Names and Attributes that appear in these forms, while the Essence of the Real is transcendent above these appearances. As for the Real that is established by rational proof - namely the Real insofar as He is independent of the worlds - it is impossible according to reason to establish for Him anything other than the attributes of perfection. So the interpretation by the licit meaning occurs either with respect to the state of the viewer or with respect to the place, since places differ in nobility, and the place has a bearing on the vision through its nobility or baseness - or both together, meaning: it occurs with respect to both of them together. That is, when we see the Real in a dream in that form, we interpret it according to the Law and say that the Real appears to us in forms corresponding to our states, so that form belongs to us, not to Him - thereby preserving the ruling of both the rational and the legal proofs.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 3618); moved here

﴿في رؤيتنا الحق تعالى في صورة … يردها الدليل العقلي﴾

أي استحال العقل (أن تعبر تلك الصورة) التي بردها الدليل العقلي

— that is, the intellect deemed it impossible ("that that form be interpreted away") which rational proof rejects.

Jāmī

﴿في صورة بردها الدليل العقلي أن تعبير تلك الصورة بالحق المشروع﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي بالحكم الحق الثابت الذي شرعه الحق سبحانه

i.e., by the true ruling, established and legislated by the Real (glory be to Him),

Ibn Turka

﴿أن يعبّر تلك الصورة بالحقّ المشروع﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإنّ « الشرع » هو العرش الذي استقرّ عليه الحقّ بصورته العينيّة وشاكلته المرضيّة ، فما لم يكن عليه لا ينسب إليه تعالى كما في الأسماء ، فإنّها ما لم يطلق الشرع عليه ما لنا أن ننسب إليه . وتلك الصورة التي ردّها العقل ويجعلها مفتقرة إلى التعبير

for the Sacred Law (sharʿ) is the Throne upon which the Real has settled in His entitative form (ṣūra ʿayniyya) and His approved likeness; whatever He is not upon may not be ascribed to Him, Exalted, just as is the case with the divine Names — for what the Law has not applied to Him, we have no right to ascribe to Him. And that form which reason rejects, and renders in need of interpretation,

Jāmī

﴿العقلي أن نعبر تلك الصورة بالحق المشروع إما في حق حال الرائي أو المكان الذي رآه فيه أو هما معا. وإن لم يردها الدليل العقلي أبقيناها على ما رأيناها كما نرى الحق في الآخرة سواء. فللواحد الرحمن في كل موطن %~% من الصور ما يخفي وما هو ظاهر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قدرها ورفعة شأنها يعطى ذلك الأدب ويستدعيه فكيف مقام المتابعة التي دونها. وقوله

the greatness of its rank and the loftiness of its standing, is granted that decorum and calls for it — how much more so for the station of following (mutābaʿa) which is beneath it! And his saying,

Words 33–34 · 1 of 5

بِالحَقِّ المَشْرُوعِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿بالحق المشروع﴾

وهو ما يثبت بالشرع أن الحق يظهر بصورة اعتقادات المعتقدين على حسب اعتقاداتهم كما في حديث التحول أن الحق يتجلى يوم القيامة بصورة فينكرونه ثم يتجلى بصورته فيقبلونه. فى حديث طويل "عن أبي سعيد الخدري، قال: قلنا يا رسول الله هل نرى ربنا يوم القيامة؟ قال: «هل تضارون في رؤية الشمس والقمر إذا كانت صحوا؟»، قلنا: لا، قال: «فإنكم لا تضارون في رؤية ربكم يومئذ، إلا كما تضارون في رؤيتهما» ثم قال: " ينادي مناد: ليذهب كل قوم إلى ما كانوا يعبدون، فيذهب أصحاب الصليب مع صليبهم، وأصحاب الأوثان مع أوثانهم، وأصحاب كل آلهة مع آلهتهم، حتى يبقى من كان يعبد الله، من بر أو فاجر، وغبرات من أهل الكتاب، ثم يؤتى بجهنم تعرض كأنها سراب، فيقال لليهود: ما كنتم تعبدون؟ قالوا: كنا نعبد عزير ابن الله، فيقال: كذبتم ، لم يكن لله صاحبة ولا ولد، فما تريدون؟ قالوا: نريد أن تسقينا، فيقال: اشربوا، فيتساقطون في جهنم، ثم يقال للنصارى: ما كنتم تعبدون؟ فيقولون: كنا نعبد المسيح ابن الله، فيقال: كذبتم، لم يكن لله صاحبة، ولا ولد، فما تريدون؟ فيقولون: نريد أن تسقينا، فيقال: اشربوا فيتساقطون في جهنم، حتى يبقى من كان يعبد الله من بر أو فاجر ، فيقال لهم: ما يحبسكم وقد ذهب الناس؟ فيقولون: فارقناهم، ونحن أحوج منا إليه اليوم، وإنا سمعنا مناديا ينادي: ليلحق كل قوم بما كانوا يعبدون، وإنما ننتظر ربنا، قال: فيأتيهم الجبار في صورة غير صورته التي رأوه فيها أول مرة ، فيقول: أنا ربكم، فيقولون: أنت ربنا، فلا يكلمه إلا الأنبياء، فيقول: هل بينكم وبينه آية تعرفونه؟ فيقولون: الساق، فيكشف عن ساقه، فيسجد له كل مؤمن، ويبقى من كان يسجد لله رياء وسمعة، فيذهب كيما يسجد، فيعود ظهره طبقا واحدا..." رواه البخاري ومسلم و أحمد و الدارقطني والحاكم وابو عوانة وغيرهم فالحق المشروع هو الذي أثبت عليه الشرع الأحكام المختلفة بحسب ما يناسب حال الرائي وهو اعتبار الحق مع الأسماء والصفات . وفي الحقيقة ما ظهر بهذه الصور إلا الأسماء والصفات وذات الحق منزه عن هذه الظهورات وأما الحق الحق الذي ثبت بالدليل العقلي وهو الحق من حيث استغنائه عن العالمين . فمنح عند العقل أن يثبت له شيء إلا الصفات الكمالية فالتعبير بالحق المشروع (ما) واقع

This is what is established by the Law (sharʿ), namely that the Real manifests in the form of the beliefs of believers according to their beliefs, as in the ḥadīth of transformation (al-taḥawwul), that the Real discloses Himself on the Day of Resurrection in a form which they deny, then discloses Himself in His [true] form, whereupon they accept Him. In a long ḥadīth: "On the authority of Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, who said: We said, O Messenger of God, shall we see our Lord on the Day of Resurrection? He said: 'Are you harmed in seeing the sun and the moon when the sky is clear?' We said: No. He said: 'Then you will not be harmed in seeing your Lord on that Day, except as you are harmed in seeing them.' Then he said: 'A caller will call out: Let every people go to what they used to worship. So the followers of the cross will go with their cross, the followers of idols with their idols, and the followers of every deity with their deities, until there remain those who used to worship God—the righteous and the wicked—and remnants of the People of the Book. Then Hell will be brought and displayed as if it were a mirage, and it will be said to the Jews: What did you worship? They will say: We used to worship ʿUzayr, son of God. It will be said: You have lied; God never took a consort or a child. What do you want? They will say: We want You to give us drink. It will be said: Drink! And they will fall into Hell. Then it will be said to the Christians: What did you worship? They will say: We used to worship the Messiah, son of God. It will be said: You have lied; God never took a consort or a child. What do you want? They will say: We want You to give us drink. It will be said: Drink! And they will fall into Hell, until there remain those who used to worship God, the righteous and the wicked. It will be said to them: What keeps you here, when the people have gone? They will say: We parted from them, and we are more in need of Him today than they were. We heard a caller calling out: Let every people follow what they used to worship—but we are waiting for our Lord. He [the Prophet] said: Then the Almighty (al-Jabbār) will come to them in a form other than the form in which they saw Him the first time, and He will say: I am your Lord. They will say: You are our Lord. None will speak to Him except the prophets. He will say: Is there a sign between you and Him by which you know Him? They will say: The Shin (al-sāq). Then He will uncover His Shin, and every believer will prostrate to Him, while there will remain those who used to prostrate to God out of ostentation and reputation-seeking; such a one will go to prostrate, but his back will become one solid piece...'" Narrated by al-Bukhārī, Muslim, Aḥmad, al-Dāraquṭnī, al-Ḥākim, Abū ʿAwāna, and others. So the legally-established Real is that upon which the Law has established the various rulings according to what suits the state of the perceiver (al-rāʾī)—and this is a consideration of the Real together with the Names and Attributes. In reality, nothing manifests in these forms except the Names and Attributes, while the Essence of the Real is incomparable (munazzah) with respect to these manifestations. As for the Real the Real (al-ḥaqq al-ḥaqq) which is established by rational proof—that is, the Real from the standpoint of His independence from the worlds—then it is not permissible according to reason to affirm anything of Him except the Attributes of Perfection. So the expression 'the legally-established Real' occurs

Ibn Turka

﴿إمّا في حقّ حال الرائي﴾

بحسب مناسبته لتلك الصورة المردودة عقل

according to his correspondence to that form rejected by reason,

Jāmī

﴿أما في حق حال الرائي أو المكان الذي رآه فيه أو﴾

ما يعبر في حته صورة الحق بالحق المشروع (هما) أي الرائي والمكان (معا) أو غير ذلك الزمان مثلا. وكان الظاهر في العبارة أن يقال : أو في حقهما معا، وكأنه عدى إلى الضمير المرفوع بتأويل الجملة كما ذكرنا. وذلك كما يروى أن بعض الصالحين رأى الحق في المنام في دهليز بيته فلطمه في وجهه، فعبر بأنك أخللت بالحكم الشرعي في أخذ دهليز بيتك . ففحص عن ذلك فإذا هو وقف مسجد بيع بغصب (وإن لم يردها) ، أي رؤية الحق

a form of the Real interpreted in His respect by the legally-established Real, (both) i.e., the seer and the place, (together) or some other time, for instance. And it would have been more apparent in expression to say "or in respect of both together," but he seems to have shifted to the nominative pronoun by taking the sentence as a unity, as we have mentioned. This is like what is related, that one of the righteous saw the Real in a dream in the vestibule of his house, and He struck him in the face; so he interpreted it as meaning: you have been remiss regarding the legal ruling concerning the taking of your house's vestibule. He investigated the matter and found that it was mosque-endowment land that had been sold by usurpation. (And if it does not reject it), i.e., the vision of the Real

Bālī Zāde

﴿في حق حال الرائي أو … المكان الذي رآه﴾

أي رأى الحق الرائي (فيه) أي في ذلك المكان إذ الأمكنة مختلفة بالشرف فللمكان مدخل في الرؤية بالشرف والخساسة

That is, the perceiver saw the Real (in it), i.e., in that place, since places differ in nobility; thus the place has a bearing on the vision, according to nobility and baseness

Words 40–44 · 1 of 5

أَوِ المَكَانِ الَّذِي رَآهُ فِيهِ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿أو المكان الذي رآه فيه﴾

- كما روي أنّ بعض الصالحين في بلاد الغرب رأى الحقّ تعالى في المنام في دهليز بيته ، فلم يلتفت إليه ، فلطمه في وجهه فلمّا استيقظ قلق قلقا شديدا فأخبر الشيخ رحمه الله بما رأى وفعل ، فلمّا رأى الشيخ ما به من القلق العظيم . قال له : « أين رأيته » ؟ قال : « في بيت لي قد اشتريته » . قال الشيخ : « ذلك الموضع مغصوب ، وهو حقّ للحقّ المشروع ، اشتريته ولم تراع حاله ، ولم تف بحقّ الشرع فيه فاستدركه » فتفحّص الرجل عن ذلك . فإذا هو من وقف المسجد وقد بيع بغصب ولم يعلم الرجل ولم يلتفت إلى أمره . ولعلّ الشيخ من صلاح الرائي وشدّة قلقه علم أنّه ليس من قبل الرائي

— as it is related that a certain righteous man in the lands of the West saw the Real, Exalted, in a dream in the vestibule of his house, and did not attend to Him, whereupon He struck him on the face. When he awoke he was seized with intense agitation, and he informed the Shaykh, God have mercy on him, of what he had seen and what had occurred. When the Shaykh saw the great agitation afflicting him, he said to him: "Where did you see Him?" He said: "In a house of mine which I had purchased." The Shaykh said: "That place is usurped; it is a right belonging to the lawful Real (ḥaqq mashrūʿ); you purchased it without regard for its due, and did not fulfill the right of the Law concerning it — so make amends." The man investigated the matter, and found that it was part of a mosque endowment that had been sold by usurpation, a matter of which he had been unaware and had not looked into. Perhaps the Shaykh knew, from the righteousness of the seer and the intensity of his agitation, that the fault was not on the seer's part.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿أو هما معا﴾

أي، نعبرها بالحق المشروع في حق الرائي والمكان الذي رآه فيه معا. ومعناه: أن الحق إذا تجلى لنا في صورة مثالية أو حسية، يردها الدليل العقلي - أي العقل المعتبر شرعا، لا العقل الفلسفي المشوب بالوهم - وإلا كان الواجب رد كل ما جاء به الشرع مما يوجب التشبيه،سواء كان ذلك كمالا أو نقصا، إلى ما يقتضيه العقل النظري. وليس كذلك. وجب أن نعبر ونرد تلك الصورة التي يوجب النقصان إلى الصورة الكمالية التي جاء بها الشرع. وهو المراد ب (الحق المشروع) . أي، الثابت في الشرع. كما جاء في الحديث: (أن الحق يتجلى يوم القيامة بصورة النقصان، فينكرونه، ثم يتحول و يتجلى بصورة الكمال والعظمة، فيقبلونه فيسجدونه). وذلك التعبير والتنزيل إما أن يكون في حق حال الرائي، أي مرتبته ومقامه، أو في حق حال المرئي ورتبته، أو في حقهما معا باعتبار مراعاة مرتبتهما ومقاميهما، أو في حق حال الزمان والمكان الذي رأى الرائي الحق فيه، لأن بعض الأزمنة أفضل من غيره، كيوم الجمعة وليلة القدر، وكذلك بعض الأمكنة أشرف من البعض، كالأماكن المتبركة والأراضي المقدسة، أو في حق الجميع، كتعبير رؤيا رأيت فيحق شخص. فالرائي إذا كان سالكا، ينزلها تارة على مقامه ويعبرها بحسب أحواله، وأخرى ينزلها في حق المرئي وأحواله، وقد يجمع بين ما يتعلق بنفسه ونفس المرئي

that is, we interpret it by the lawful truth with respect to both the seer and the place in which he saw it together. Its meaning is: when the Real discloses Himself to us in an imaginal or sensory form that rational demonstration rejects — that is, the rational faculty as recognized by the Law, not the philosophical reason mixed with conjecture (wahm); otherwise it would be obligatory to refer back everything the Law brought that necessitates similarity (tashbīh), whether it be [attributing] perfection or deficiency, to what speculative reason requires — but it is not so. Rather it is obligatory for us to interpret and refer that form which implies deficiency back to the perfect form brought by the Law. And this is what is meant by "the lawful truth" (al-ḥaqq al-mashrūʿ), that is, what is established in the Law. As it came in the ḥadīth: "The Real discloses Himself on the Day of Resurrection in a form of deficiency, so they deny Him; then He transforms and discloses Himself in a form of perfection and majesty, so they accept Him and prostrate to Him." And this interpretation and referral may be with respect to the state of the seer, that is, his rank and station; or with respect to the state of the one seen and his rank; or with respect to both together, in consideration of both their ranks and stations; or with respect to the state of the time and place in which the seer saw the Real, since some times are more excellent than others, like Friday and the Night of Power (Laylat al-Qadr), and likewise some places are nobler than others, like blessed places and holy lands; or with respect to all of these together, as in interpreting a vision which I saw concerning a certain person. So the seer, if he is a spiritual traveler (sālik), sometimes applies it to his own station and interprets it according to his own states, and at other times applies it with respect to the one seen and his states, and sometimes combines what pertains to himself and to the one seen

Ibn Turka

﴿أو هما معا … وإن لم يردّها الدليل العقلي أبقيناها على ما رأيناها كما ترى الحقّ في الآخرة سواء﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإنّه كثيرا ما يتجلَّى فيها بصور ينكرها أرباب العقول وذوو العقائد على ما ورد في الحديث. فلئن قيل : « إنّ الصورة المرئيّة من الخاتم لا تحتاج إلى التعبير ، لأنّ الشيطان لا يتمثّل به فكيف تكون الصور المرئيّة من الحق تعالى مفتقرة إليه والشيطان يتمثّل به » ؟ ! قلنا : إنّ الخاتم للنبوّة هو الغاية في إظهار الصورة المبعوث لتمام أمرها ، فلا يمكن أن يتطرّق إليه من الخفاء شيء أصلا ، ولا يقدر الشيطان الذي هو قهرمان أمر الإخفاء والإلباس أن يحوم حول حماه الأحمى قطعا وإلَّا لا يكون خاتما للنبوّة . وأمّا الحقّ ، فكما أنّ له صورة الظهور ، فله صورة الخفاء أيضا ، والكلّ منه ، وإليه ، وإلى هذه النكتة المستشعرة منه أشار بقوله نظما

for He frequently discloses Himself therein in forms which the possessors of reason and the adherents of creeds deny, as reported in the ḥadīth. Now if it be said: "The form seen of the Seal does not require interpretation, because Satan cannot take his likeness — so how can the forms seen of the Real, Exalted, be in need of it, while Satan can take His likeness?" We say: the Seal of Prophethood is the utmost point in the manifestation of the sent form, for the completeness of its affair, so that no concealment whatsoever can gain access to it, nor can Satan — who is the custodian of the affair of concealment and disguise — ever hover around that most protected precinct; otherwise he would not be the Seal of Prophethood. As for the Real, just as He has a form of manifestation, He also has a form of concealment, and all is from Him and to Him. And to this subtle point, perceived from Him, he alluded in these verses:

Bālī Zāde

﴿او هما﴾

أي واقع في حقه (معا) يعني إذا رأينا الحق في المنام بتلك الصورة تعبر بالشرع، فنقول إن الحق يظهر لنا بصور أحوالنا فتلك الصورة لنا لا له إبقاء بحكم الدليلين العقلي والشرعي. فتلك الرؤيا بتلك الصورة في الحق يدخل فيها التعبير وكذلك المكان كما قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : "رأيت ربي في أحسن صورة شاب" يردها الدليل العقلي فصورة الشبابية في حق الرسول عليه السلام ظهور الحق له بهذه الصورة وهي عبارة عن ربوبية بأئنه كاملة وهي الربوبية الجامعة الأسمائية

That is, it occurs with respect to him (together)—meaning: if we see the Real in a dream in that form, it is interpreted according to the Law, and we say that the Real manifests to us in the form of our states; so that form belongs to us, not to Him, by the ruling of both the rational and legal proofs, which forbids its being left as is. So that vision in that form, regarding the Real, admits of interpretation—likewise the place—just as the Messenger of God (peace be upon him) said: "I saw my Lord in the most beautiful form, [that of] a youth," which the rational proof rejects [as literal]. So the form of youthfulness, with respect to the Prophet (peace be upon him), is the manifestation of the Real to him in this form, which is an expression of a perfect Lordship (rubūbiyya)—namely, the comprehensive Lordship of the Names

al-Qāshānī

﴿وإن لم يردها الدليل العقلي أبقيناها على ما رأيناها ، كما يرى الحق في الآخرة سواء﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

كما يرى في صورة نورية عقلية أو خيالية كالبدر والشمس ، أو كما يتجلى لأهل المحشر في صورة يعرف ويسجد له ، أو في صورة تنكر ويتعوذ منه سواء بلا فرق في الحكم . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

Just as He is seen in a luminous, intellectual or imaginal form, like the full moon or the sun; or as He discloses Himself to the people of the Gathering in a form that is recognized and before which prostration is made, or in a form that is denied and from which refuge is sought — without difference, with no distinction in the ruling [between the two cases]. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فإن لم يردها الدليل العقلي﴾

بأن كان التجلي في الصورة النورية كصورة الشمس، أو غيرها من صور الأنوار كالنور الأبيض والأخضر وغير ذلك

as when the self-disclosure is in a luminous form, like the form of the sun, or other forms of lights, such as white light, green light, and so forth

Bālī Zāde

﴿وإن لم يردها الدليل العقلي أبقيناها على ما رأيناها ، كما يرى الحق في الآخرة سواء﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فتلك الرؤيا بتلك الصورة في الحق يدخل فيها التعبير وكذلك المكان كما قال عليه الصلاة والسلام « رأيت ربى في أحسن صورة شاب » يرده الدليل العقلي ، فصورة الشبابة في حق الرسول ظهور الحق له بهذه الصورة ، عبارة عن ربوبية تامة كاملة ( فإن لم يردها الدليل العقلي ) بأن كان ظاهرا بالصفة الكمالية ( أبقيناها ) إبقاء لحكم الدليلين لاجتماعهما في ظهور الحق بالصفات الكمالية ، كما ترى الحق في الآخرة

- that vision, in that form regarding the Real, admits of interpretation, and likewise the place, as he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'I saw my Lord in the most beautiful form of a youth' - which rational proof would reject. So the form of youthfulness with respect to the Messenger is the Real's appearance to him in that form, as an expression of complete, perfect lordship (rubūbiyya). (But if rational proof does not reject it) - that is, if it appears with an attribute of perfection - (we leave it as it is), preserving the ruling of both proofs since they concur in the Real's appearing with attributes of perfection, just as you see the Real in the Hereafter.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 3645); moved here

﴿فإن لم يردها الدليل العقلي﴾

أي وإن رأينا الحق بصورة لم يردها الدليل بل كان ظاهرة بالصفة الكمالية كالربوبية و القادرية وغير ذلك من الصفات التي لم يردها الدليل العقلي لم نعبر تلك الرؤي

That is, if we see the Real in a form not rejected by proof, but rather manifesting with a perfect attribute (ṣifa kamāliyya), such as Lordship, Power, and other attributes not rejected by the rational proof, then we do not interpret that vision

Jāmī

﴿الدليل العقلي أبقيناها على ما رأيناها كما ترى الحق في الآخرة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بتحوله في الصور . يشير إلى الحديث الذى رواه البخارى ومسلم "" أن أبا هريرة، أخبرهما: أن الناس قالوا: يا رسول الله هل نرى ربنا يوم القيامة؟ قال: «هل تمارون في القمر ليلة البدر ليس دونه سحاب» قالوا: لا يا رسول الله. قال: «فهل تمارون في الشمس ليس دونها سحاب» . قالوا: لا. قال: " فإنكم ترونه كذلك، يحشر الناس يوم القيامة. فيقول: من كان يعبد شيئا فليتبع، فمنهم من يتبع الشمس، ومنهم من يتبع القمر، ومنهم من يتبع الطواغيت، وتبقى هذه الأمة فيها منافقوها. فيأتيهم الله فيقول: أنا ربكم، فيقولون هذا مكاننا حتى يأتينا ربنا، فإذا جاء ربنا عرفناه. فيأتيهم الله فيقول: أنا ربكم. فيقولون: أنت ربنا، فيدعوهم فيضرب الصراط بين ظهراني جهنم. فأكون أول من يجوز من الرسل بأمته، ولا يتكلم يومئذ أحد إلا الرسل. وكلام الرسل يومئذ: اللهم سلم سلم ، %~% الحديث "" رواه البخاري ومسلم وغيرهم (سواء ) من غير فرق. (فللواحد)، أي الحق المتجلي في مقام أحديته بالفيض الأقدس بصور الأعيان الثابتة واستعداداته (الرحمن) المتجلي عليها بالفيض المقدس لترتب آثارها عليه

through His transformation in forms. This alludes to the ḥadīth related by al-Bukhārī and Muslim: that Abū Hurayra informed them that the people said: O Messenger of God, shall we see our Lord on the Day of Resurrection? He said: "Do you dispute about the moon on the night of the full moon when there is no cloud before it?" They said: No, O Messenger of God. He said: "Do you dispute about the sun when there is no cloud before it?" They said: No. He said: "Indeed you will see Him thus. The people will be gathered on the Day of Resurrection, and it will be said: whoever used to worship something, let him follow it. So some will follow the sun, some the moon, and some the false deities, while this community remains, including its hypocrites. Then God will come to them and say: I am your Lord. They will say: This is our place until our Lord comes to us; when our Lord comes we will recognize Him. Then God will come to them and say: I am your Lord. They will say: You are our Lord. He will call them, and the Bridge (ṣirāṭ) will be laid across the middle of Hell. I will be the first of the messengers to cross with his community, and none will speak that day except the messengers, and the speech of the messengers that day will be: O God, grant safety, grant safety" ... the ḥadīth, related by al-Bukhārī and Muslim and others (equally), without distinction. (So for the One), that is, the Real self-disclosing in the station of His Oneness (aḥadiyya) through the Most Holy Effusion (al-fayḍ al-aqdas) in the forms of the fixed entities and their preparednesses, (the All-Merciful) who self-discloses upon them through the Holy Effusion (al-fayḍ al-muqaddas) so that their effects may be arranged upon it

al-Qayṣarī

﴿أبقيناها على ما رأيناها، كما نرى الحق الآخرة سواء﴾

أي، كما يتجلى الحق لنا في الآخرة. فإن ذلك التجلي أيضا يكون على صور استعدادات المتجلى له، غير ذلك لا يكون. واعلم، أن الرد والإنكار إنما يقع في التجليات الإلهية. لأن الحق تارة يتجلى بالصفات السلبية، فتقبله العقول، لأنها منزهة مسبحة للحق عما فيه شائبة التشبيه والنقصان، وينكره كل من هو غير مجرد، كالوهم والنفس المنطبعة وقواها، لأن من شأنهم إدراك الحق في مقام التشبيه والصور الحسية. وتارة يتجلى بالصفات الثبوتية، فتقبله القلوب والنفوس المجردة، لأنها مشبهة من حيث تعلقها بالأجسام ومنزهة باعتبار تجردها، وتنكره العقول المجردة لعدم إعطاءشأنها إياها، بل ينكر تلك الصفات أيضا بالأصالة. وفي هذا التجلي قد يتجلى بصور كمالية، كالسمع والبصر والإدراك وغيرها، وقد يتجلى بصور ناقصة منصور الأكوان، كالمرض والاحتياج والفقر، كما أخبر الحق عن نفسه بقوله: (مرضت، فلم تعدني، واستطعمت، فلم تطعمني). وقوله: (من ذا الذي يقرض الله قرضا حسنا فيضاعفه). وأمثال ذلك. فيقبله العارفون مظاهر الحق، وينكره المؤمنون المحجوبون لاعتقادهم بأن الحق ما يتنزل عن مقامه الكمالي. فقبل كل منهم ما يليق بحاله ويناسبه من التجليات الإلهية، وأنكره ما لم يكن تعطيه شأنه. والإنسان الكامل هو الذي يقبل الحق في جميع تجلياته ويعبده فيها. ولما كانت العقول الضعيفة عاجزة من إدراك التجليات الإلهية في كل موطن ومقام والنفوس الأبية طاغية غير معظمة لشعائر الله، أوجب إسناد الصور الكمالية إليه، ورد ما يوجب النقصان عنه، مع أنه هو المتجلي في كل شيء والمتخلي عن كل شيء

that is, just as the Real discloses Himself to us in the Hereafter. For that self-disclosure, too, occurs according to the forms of the preparedness (istiʿdād) of the one to whom He discloses Himself, and not otherwise. And know that rejection and denial occur only with respect to divine self-disclosures. For the Real sometimes discloses Himself through negative attributes (al-ṣifāt al-salbiyya), and the intellects accept this, since they are [engaged in] declaring the Real incomparable (tanzīh) and glorifying Him from any taint of similarity (tashbīh) or deficiency; while everything that is not purely intellectual — such as conjecture (wahm), the embodied soul (al-nafs al-munṭabi'a), and its faculties — denies it, since their nature is to perceive the Real in the station of similarity and in sensory forms. And sometimes He discloses Himself through affirmative attributes (al-ṣifāt al-thubūtiyya), and hearts and incorporeal souls accept this, since they resemble [created things] insofar as they are attached to bodies, while being incomparable insofar as they are incorporeal; whereas purely intellectual faculties deny this, since it is not given to their nature — indeed, they deny those attributes as a matter of principle. And within this [latter] self-disclosure, He may disclose Himself in perfect forms, such as hearing, sight, perception, and so on, or He may disclose Himself in forms of deficiency drawn from the forms of created things, such as sickness, need, and poverty — as the Real informed of Himself, saying: "I was sick, and you did not visit Me," and "I asked for food, and you did not feed Me," and His saying: "Who is it that will lend to God a goodly loan, that He may multiply it for him?" and the like. The knowers (ʿārifūn) accept this as loci of manifestation (maẕāhir) of the Real, while the veiled believers deny it, believing that the Real does not descend from His station of perfection. So each accepted what suited and befitted his state among the divine self-disclosures, and denied what his nature could not bear. And the perfect human (al-insān al-kāmil) is the one who accepts the Real in all His self-disclosures and worships Him through them. And since weak intellects are incapable of perceiving the divine self-disclosures in every station and rank, and since proud souls are rebellious and do not venerate God's sacred ordinances, it became obligatory to attribute the perfect forms to Him and to deny from Him whatever implies deficiency — even though He is the One who discloses Himself in everything and withdraws from everything

Bālī Zāde

﴿أبقيناها على ما رأيناها﴾

إبقاء الحكم الدليلين لاجتماعهما في ظهور الحق بالصفات الكمالية . شبه رؤية الحق بالصفة التي لم يردها الدليل العقلي في الظهور بحيث لا يخفى على أحد أنه الحق فلا يحتاج إلى التعبير لإيضاحه غاية الإيضاح . والاحتياج إلى التعبير ينشأ من نوع خفاء في الظهور رؤية الحق في الآخرة بقوله

Leaving the ruling as established by both proofs, due to their concurrence in [affirming] the Real's manifestation with the perfect attributes. He likened the vision of the Real with the attribute not rejected by rational proof, in its manifestation, to [a vision] in which it is hidden from no one that it is the Real—so it has no need of interpretation to clarify it, [being] in the utmost clarity. And the need for interpretation arises from a kind of concealment in the manifestation—[comparing it to] the vision of the Real in the Hereafter, by his saying

Words 57–62 · 1 of 5

كَمَا نَرَى الحَقَّ فِي الآخِرَةِ سَوَاءٌ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿كما يرى الحق في الآخرة سواء﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بحيث لا يخفى على أحد حتى يحتاج إلى التعبير لظهوره فيها على وجه الكمال. ولما بين أن الحق ظهورات بجميع الصور بالتعبير أو عدمه أورد نتيجة ذلك بالأبيات تسهيلا للطالبين بقوله : (شعر: قال الشيخ الأكبر رضي الله عنه

Such that it is hidden from no one, so that interpretation would be needed, due to its manifestation therein in a perfect manner. Having explained that the Real has manifestations in all forms—whether requiring interpretation or not—he brought forth the result of this in verses, to facilitate [understanding] for seekers, saying: (Poetry: The Greatest Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said)

al-Qāshānī

﴿فللواحد الرحمن في كل موطن %~% من الصور ما يخفى وما هو ظاهر﴾

أي للواحد الذي لا يتكثر بكثرة التعينات ، الرحمن الشامل للكل ، المتجلى لكل شيء بلا نهاية في كل مجلى من الصور ، ما يخفى من الروحانيات وما هو ظاهر من الجسمانيات . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

[Verse: So for the One, the All-Merciful, in every station %~% there is, among the forms, what is hidden and what is manifest] That is, for the One who is not multiplied by the multiplicity of determinations (taʿayyunāt), the All-Merciful (al-Raḥmān) who encompasses all, who discloses Himself to every thing without end in every locus of manifestation of forms — there is what is hidden, of spiritual realities, and what is manifest, of corporeal things. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فللواحد الرحمن في كل موطن من الصور ما يخفى وما هو ظاهر﴾

لما ذكر أن الحق متجل بصور مقبولة شرعا وعقلا وبصور غير مقبولة فيهما أو فيأحدهما، عقبه بـ (الفاء) التعقيبية، وذكر أن للرحمن صورا بحسب مراتبه ومقاماته، ولها بحسب الظهور والخفاء مراتب: منها ما هو ظاهر في الحسن، ومنها ما هو غير ظاهر فيه، ولكن ظاهر في العالم المثالي بالنسبة إلى من كشفت الأغطية من عينه، ومنها ما هو غير ظاهر فيهما وظاهر عند العقل، كالعلوم والمعارف الإلهية التي يدرك اللبيب الفطن إياها من وراء الستر، لأن لها أيضا صورا عقلية، ومنهاما هو خفى عن العقل وظاهر عند القلب لوجدانه إياه من غير صورة مثالية مطابقة للصور الخارجية، بل بصورة نورية

since he mentioned that the Real discloses Himself in forms accepted by both the Law and reason, and in forms not accepted by either or by one of the two, he followed this with the connective "fa," and mentioned that the All-Merciful has forms according to His ranks and stations, which have degrees according to manifestation and hiddenness: some are manifest to the senses; some are not manifest therein, but are manifest in the imaginal world (al-ʿālam al-mithālī) with respect to one whose eye has had the veils removed from it; some are not manifest in either of these two but are manifest to the intellect, such as the divine sciences and gnoses which the perspicacious, intelligent person perceives from behind the veil, since these too have intellectual forms; and some are hidden from the intellect but manifest to the heart, which finds it without any imaginal form corresponding to external forms, but rather in a luminous form

Ibn Turka

﴿فللواحد الرحمن في كل موطن﴾

صوريّا كان أو معنويا، عينيّا أو مثاليّا، خياليّا أو جسمانياًّ

be it formal or meaning-based, entitative or ideal/exemplary, imaginal or corporeal,

Bālī Zāde

﴿فللواحد الرحمن في كل موطن %~% من الصور ما يخفي وما هو ظاهر فإن قلت هذا الحق قد تك صادقا %~% وإن قلت أمرا آخرا أنت عابر وما حكمه في موطن دون موطن %~% ولكنه بالحق للخلق سافر إذا ما تجلى للعيون ترده %~% عقول ببرهان عليه تثابر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : فللواحد الرحمن .... صفة للواحد حاصل

passing through [to another meaning]. And His ruling is not [confined] to one locus to the exclusion of another, %~% but rather He, through the Real, journeys openly for creation's sake. Whenever He discloses Himself to the eyes, %~% intellects reject Him, persisting [in their rejection] with proof against Him.] The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: 'So for the One, the All-Merciful...' —a description attached to 'the One,' now obtained

﴿فللواحد الرحمن في كل موطن %~% من الصور ما يخفى وما هو ظاهر﴾

(فللواحد الرحمن في كل موطنمن الصور ) بيان لما ( يخفى كظهوره بصور الأكوان ) فيحتاج إلى التعبير بالحق المشروع ( وما هو ظاهر ) كظهوره بالصورة الكمالية التي أثبتها العقل ( فإن قلت هذا ) أي الذي ظهر بالصور هو ( الحق قد تك صادقا ) كرؤيتنا في الآخرة ، وقد للتحقيق أو للتقليل ، أي قد تك صادقا عند الشرع ولم تك عند العقل

(For the One, the All-Merciful, has in every locus among the forms) - an explanation of what (is hidden), such as His appearing in the forms of created things, which thus requires interpretation by the licit meaning - (and what is manifest), such as His appearing in the form of perfection which reason establishes. (So if you say this) - i.e., that which appeared in the forms - (is the Real, you may indeed be speaking truly) - as in our vision in the Hereafter; 'qad' (indeed/may) indicates either verification or diminution, meaning: you may be speaking truly according to the Law, though not according to reason.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 3656); moved here

Jāmī

﴿في كل موطن … من الصور … ما يخفي … وما هو ظاهر﴾

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

said the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him

Bālī Zāde

﴿في كل موطن من الصور﴾

بيان لما قدم للضرورة . (ما) فاعل الظرف وهو في كل موطن أي الذي . (يخفي) الحق في هذه الصورة على بعض الناس كظهوره بصور الأكوان فيحتاج إلى التعبير بالحق المشروع

An explanation of what was presented by necessity [of meter]. 'Mā' (what) is the subject of the adverbial phrase, that is, 'in every locus,' meaning: that which (yakhfā) the Real conceals in this form from some people, as in His manifestation in the forms of the created beings, which therefore require interpretation by means of the legally-established Real

Words 68–71 · 1 of 5

مِنَ الصُّوْرِ مَا يَخْفَىٰ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿من الصور ما يخفى﴾

كالقبائح والقاذورات المردودة للعقول والشرايع

such as the ugly and the defiling things rejected by reason and by the Sacred Laws,

Words 72–74 · 2 of 5

وَمَا هُوَ ظَاهِرٌ

Ibn Turka

﴿وما هو ظاهر﴾

كالمحاسن والمنزّهات، وذلك لأنّ التعيّنات والاعتبارات الفارقة على أيّ وجه كانت لا دخل لها في الحقيقة الحقّة ، فهو المطلق المنزّه عن الكلّ في الكلّ ، فمن أثبت الحقّ للكلّ على أنّه هو المنزّه عنه فيه ، فهو صادق وإلَّا فكاذب . ولذلك قال

such as the beautiful things and the things declared incomparable (al-munazzahāt). This is because the differentiating entifications and considerations, whatever they may be, have no bearing upon the true Reality; for He is the Absolute, declared incomparable with respect to all, within all. So whoever affirms the Real for the whole, in the sense that He is [also] declared incomparable with respect to it therein, speaks truly; otherwise he lies. For this reason he said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿وما هو ظاهر﴾

عطف على الجملة الفعلية للضرورة أي الذي يظهر الحق في هذه الصورة كظهوره بالصورة الكمالية التي أثبتها العقل. فلزم من هذا البيت أن الظاهر بجميع الصورة الكمالية والكونية هو الواحد الرحمن فإذا كان الأمر كذلك فإن قلت هذا) أي الذي ظهر بالصورة هو (الحق) لانكشاف الحق عليك في جميع الصور

Conjoined to the verbal clause by metrical necessity, meaning: that in which the Real manifests in this form, as in His manifestation in the perfect form which reason affirms. It follows from this verse that what is manifest in all forms—perfect and cosmic alike—is the One, the All-Merciful. If this is the case, then if you say 'this'—that is, what manifests in the form—'is the Real,' [you are right,] because the Real is unveiled to you in all forms

al-Qāshānī

﴿فإن قلت هذا الحق قد تك صادق %~% وإن قلت أمرا آخرا أنت عابر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قد تك صادقا لأنه هو المتعين بصورته لا شيء غيره ، وإن عبرته بغيره صدقت لأنه لا ينحصر في شيء ، فالمنحصر بالتعين غيره: قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

you may indeed be truthful, because He is the one determined in that form, nothing other than He; and if you interpret it as other than Him, you are [still] truthful, because He is not confined to any single thing—rather, what is confined by determination is other than He. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فإن قلت هذا الحق قد تك صادق %~% وإن قلت أمرا آخر أنت عابر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، إن اعتبرت وحدة الظاهر والمظهر، أو الظاهر فقط، وحكمت بأنه الحق، تكون صادقا، لأنه هو الذي ظهر بذلك المظهر. وإن لم تعتبر وحدة الظاهر مع المظهر، بل تعتبر الامتياز بينهما وحكمت بأن المرئي غير الحق، تكون أيضا صادقا. وتكون (عابرا) أي، مجاوزا عن الصورة المرئية إلى المعنى الظاهر فيها

something else," you are interpreting] that is, if you consider the unity of the manifest (ẓāhir) and the locus of manifestation (maẕhar), or the manifest alone, and judge that it is the Real, you would be truthful, since it is He who became manifest through that locus of manifestation. And if you do not consider the unity of the manifest with the locus of manifestation, but rather consider the distinction between the two, and judge that the one seen is other than the Real, you would also be truthful. And you would be an "interpreter" (ʿābir), that is, one who passes beyond the seen form to the meaning manifest within it

Ibn Turka

﴿فإن قلت هذا الحقّ قد تك صادقا﴾

وذلك إذا كان القائل ممن يرى كثرة الصور ممحوّة في الوحدة الحقيقيّة التي للحق. (وإن قلت: أمر آخر

— this is the case when the speaker is one who sees the multiplicity of forms effaced in the true Oneness that belongs to the Real. (And if you say: 'It is something else,'

Words 79–81 · 2 of 5

قَدْ تَكُ صَادِقًا

Jāmī

﴿قد تك صادقا﴾

باعتبار اتحاد الظاهر بالمظهر

by virtue of the unity of the manifest (ẓāhir) with the locus of manifestation (maẓhar)

Bālī Zāde

﴿قد تك صادقا﴾

بمطابقة خبرك الواقع فما رؤيتك هذه إلا كما ترى في الآخرة على أن قد للتحقق أو معناه قد تك صادقا عند الشرع ولم تك صادقا عند العقل ترد قولك في بعض الصور على أن قد للتقليل. (وإن قلن امرة آخر) باحتجابك بالصور عن الحق

by the correspondence of your statement to what occurs; for your vision here is just as you will see in the Hereafter—taking 'qad' (indeed/may) as indicating confirmation. Or its meaning is: 'you would be speaking truly according to the Law, though not truly according to reason'—which would contradict your statement in some forms, taking 'qad' as indicating diminution [i.e., 'perhaps']. (And if you say it is another matter) due to your being veiled by the forms from the Real

Ibn Turka

﴿أي الحقّ أمر آخر أنت عابر﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي عابر لتلك الصورة، بمعنى التعبير كما سبق في النثر بيانه أو عابر عن الحقّ ، ففيه إيهام المعنيين ، والثاني أوفق لسياق النظم

i.e., you have passed over that form, in the sense of interpretation (taʿbīr) as explained previously in the prose; or you have passed beyond the Real — the expression contains an allusion to both meanings, the second being more fitting to the context of the verse.

Jāmī

﴿وإن قلت﴾

هذا المرئي (أمرا آخر) غير الحق

this seen thing is (something else) other than the Real

Words 86–87 · 2 of 5

أَنْتَ عَابِرٌ

Jāmī

﴿أنت عابر﴾

أي متجاوز من جهة الوحدة بين الظاهر والمظهر إلى جهة الكثرة والمغايرة بينهما

that is, you have passed from the aspect of unity between the manifest and the locus of manifestation to the aspect of multiplicity and difference between them

Bālī Zāde

﴿أنت عابر﴾

أي مجاوز من الصورة إلى أمر آخر فأنت صادق أيضا على هذا الوجه . (فما حكمه) أي فليس ظهوره بحكم مختصا

that is, moving from the [one] form to another matter—so you are also speaking truly on this interpretation. (So His ruling is not) that is, His manifestation by [any particular] ruling is not restricted

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.