Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ حَقِّيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ إِسْحَاقِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶16 in the text

16 · 90 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَإِيَّاكَ أَنْ تَغْفُلُ عَنْهَا فَإِنَّ تِلْكَ الحَضْرَةَ الَّتِي تُبْقِي لَكَ الحُضُورَ فِيهَا مَعَ الصُّورَةِ مَثَلُهَا مَثَلُ الكِتَابِ الَّذِي قَالَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ مَّا فَرَّطْنَا فِى ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ مِن شَىْءٍ فَهُوَ الجَامِعُ لِلْوَاقِعِ وَغَيْرِ الوَاقِعِ وَلَا يَعْرِفُ مَا قُلْنَاهُ إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ قُرْآنًا فِي نَفْسِهِ فَإِنَّ المُتَّقِيَ اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ فُرْقَانًا وَهُوَ مِثْلُ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي هَذِهِ المَسْأَلَةِ فِيمَا يَتَمَيَّزُ بِهِ العَبْدُ مِنَ الرَّبِّ وَهَذَا الفُرْقَانُ أَرْفَعُ فُرْقَانٍ فَوَقْتًا يَكُونُ العَبْدُ رَبًّا بِلَا شَكٍّ وَوَقْتًا يَكُونُ العَبْدُ عَبْدًا بِلَا إِفْكِ فَإِنْ كَانَ عَبْدًا كَانَ بِالحَقِّ وَاسِعًا وَإِنْ كَانَ رَبًّا كَانَ فِي عِيشَةٍ ضَنْكِ

So beware lest you become heedless of it! For that presence which keeps for you [your] presence in it along with the form is like the Book of which God said, 'We have neglected nothing in the Book' [Q 6:38]. It gathers together what occurs and what does not occur. No one knows what we have said except one who is in himself a qurʾān [a gathering]. For whoever is wary of God, 'He will make for him a discrimination (furqān)' [cf. Q 8:29], and that is like what we have mentioned in this question concerning that by which the servant is distinguished from the Lord. This discrimination is the loftiest discrimination. At one time the servant is a lord without doubt, and at another time the servant is a servant without falsehood. If he is a servant, he is through the Real ample; and if he is a lord, he is in a straitened life [cf. Q 20:124].

On the whole passage · 2 of 6

Jāmī

﴿فوقتا يكون العبد ربا بلا شك %~% ووقتا يكون العبد عبدا بلا إفك فإن كان عبدا كان بالحق واسعا %~% وإن كان ربا كان في عيشة ضنك فمن كونه عبدا يرى عين نفسه %~% وتتسع الآمال منه بلا شك ومن كونه ربا يرى الخلق كله %~% يطالبه من حضرة الملك و الملك ويعجز عما طالبوه بذاته %~% لذا تر بعض العارفين به يبكي فكن عبد رب لا تكن رب عبده %~% فتذهب بالتعليق في النار والسبك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(فوقتا) ، أي في مقام الفناء في الله

(At times), i.e., in the station of annihilation (fanāʾ) in God,

Bālī Zāde

﴿وهو مثل ما ذكرناه في هذه المسألة فيما يتميز به العبد من الرب. وهذا الفرقان أرفع فرقان. فوقتا يكون العبد ربا بلا شك %~% ووقتا يكون العبد عبدا بلا إفك فإن كان عبدا كان بالحق واسعا %~% وإن كان ربا كان في عيشة ضنك فمن كونه عبدا يرى عين نفسه %~% وتتسع الآمال منه بلا شك ومن كونه ربا يرى الخلق كله %~% يطالبه من حضرة الملك و الملك ويعجز عما طالبوه بذاته %~% لذا تر بعض العارفين به يبكي فكن عبد رب لا تكن رب عبده %~% فتذهب بالتعليق في النار والسبك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : وهذا إرشاد وتعليم للطريق الموصل إلى معرفة هذه المسألة (وهو) أي الذي يجعل الله تعالى له فرقان

The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: and this is a guidance and teaching toward the path leading to the knowledge of this matter. (It is), i.e., that which God, exalted is He, grants him as a discrimination

al-Qāshānī

﴿فإياك أن تغفل عنها ، فإن الحضرة التي تبقى لك الحضور فيها مع الصورة مثلها مثل الكتاب ، قال الله فيه: " ما فَرَّطْنا في الْكِتابِ من شَيْءٍ ".فهو الجامع للواقع وغير الواقع فلا يعرف ما قلناه إلا من كان قرآنا في نفسه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي الإنسان الكامل الجامع للحضرات كلها إذا غاب عن مخلوقه في حضرة الحس شهده في حضرة المثال أو في أعلى منها ، فمثل الحضرة التي حفظه فيها مثل الكتاب الجامع لكل ما وقع وما يقع ، فلا بد وأن يكون ذلك الإنسان قرآنا جامعا للحضرات كلها وله مرتبة في القرآنية ، أي الجمعية الأحدية ، وإلا لم يعرف ذلك ولم يمكنه قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

. It is thus the gatherer (jāmiʿ) of what has occurred and what has not occurred; and what we have said can only be known by one who is himself a Qur'an.] That is, the perfect human (al-insān al-kāmil), who gathers all the Presences: when he is absent from his creature in the Presence of sense-perception, he witnesses it in the Presence of the imaginal realm (mithāl) or in what is higher than it. So the Presence in which he preserves it is comparable to the Book that gathers everything that has occurred and will occur; and that human being must necessarily be a Qur'an gathering all the Presences, possessing a rank in 'Qur'anicity' — that is, the all-comprehensive Oneness (al-jamʿiyya al-aḥadiyya) — for otherwise he would not know this, nor would it be possible for him. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿فإياك أن تغفل عنها ، فإن الحضرة التي تبقى لك الحضور فيها مع الصورة مثلها مثل الكتاب ، قال الله فيه: " ما فَرَّطْنا في الْكِتابِ من شَيْءٍ ".فهو الجامع للواقع وغير الواقع فلا يعرف ما قلناه إلا من كان قرآنا في نفسه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( فهو ) أي الكتاب المذكور الجامع وهذه الحضرة ( مثل ) ذلك ( الكتاب ولا يعرف ) ذوقا وحالا وتحققا ( ما قلناه إلا من كان قرآنا ) جامعا جميع الحضرات بارتفاع حجب أنيته بالفناء في الله ، فمن كان قرآن ( في نفسه ) يصل هذه المسألة ذوقا وحالا ، وأما من لم يصل إلى مقام الجمع فهو يصل إلى مجهوله علما بسماع هذه المسألة منه ، ثم يطلب الذوق والشهود بالفناء في الله ، وإنما لا يعرفه إلا هذا الشخص ( فإن المتقى باللَّه يجعل له فرقانا ) نورا في قلبه يميز بين العبد والحق ، ويصل إلى مقام القرآنية

for what is actual and what is not actual; and none knows what we have said except one who is himself a Qur'ān.] (so it) i.e. the aforementioned comprehensive book, and this Presence, (is like) that (Book, and none knows) by taste, state, and realization (what we have said except one who is a Qur'ān) comprehending all the Presences through the lifting of the veils of his selfhood (aniyya) by annihilation (fanāʾ) in God. So whoever is a Qur'ān (in himself) attains this matter by taste and state; as for one who has not reached the station of comprehensiveness (jamʿ), he attains it, with respect to what is unknown to him, only through knowledge gained by hearing this matter from him [the knower], after which he seeks taste and witnessing through annihilation in God. And indeed none knows it except such a person — (for whoever is God-fearing, God grants him a criterion [furqān]), a light in his heart by which he distinguishes between the servant and the Real, and attains the station of Qur'ānic comprehensiveness.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 3829); moved here

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فإن تلك الحضرة التي تبقى لك الحضور فيها مع الصورة مثلها﴾

أي، مثل تلك الحضرة. (مثل الكتاب الذي قال الله تعالى فيه

that is, like that presence. (like the Book of which God, Exalted, said

Jāmī

﴿فإن تلك الحضرة التي يبقى لك الحضور فيها مع الصورة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي صورة ما خلقه (مثلها) ، أي حالها وشأنه

i.e., whatever form He created (its likeness), i.e., its state and affair

Bālī Zāde

﴿فإن تلك الحضرة التي يبقى لك الحضور فيها مع الصورة مثلها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي مثل تلك الحضرة

i.e., like that Presence

Jāmī

﴿مثل الكتاب الذي قال الله﴾

تعالى (فيه) ، أي في شأنه (وما فرطنا في الكتاب من شيء) [الأنعام: 38]. وإذا لم يفرط فيه من شيء

exalted (said) regarding its affair: (We have neglected nothing in the Book) [al-Anʿām: 38]. And if nothing in it has been neglected,

Bālī Zāde

﴿مثل الكتاب الذي قال الله تعالى فيه … ما فرطنا فى الكتاب من شيء﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وقال الله تعالى فيه: "ولا رطب ولا يابس إلا في كتاب" [الأنعام: 59] . فإذا شاهدت تلك الحضرة التي تبقي لك الحضور فيها مع الصورة فقد شاهدت جميع ما في باقي الحضرات من الصور فإنها ?تاب جامع لجميع ما في الحضرات (فهو) أي الكتاب الذي قال الله تعالى فيه

and God, exalted is He, said of it: 'Nor is there anything moist or dry but is in a Book' [Qur'an 6:59]. For when you witness that Presence in which the presence remains for you together with the form, you have thereby witnessed all that is in the rest of the Presences of forms, for it is a comprehensive Book gathering all that is in the Presences. (It is), i.e., the Book of which God, exalted is He, said

al-Jandī

﴿ما فَرَّطْنا في الْكِتابِ من شَيْءٍ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فهو الجامع للواقع وغير الواقع ، ولا يعرف ما قلناه إلَّا من كان قرآنا في نفسه " . يشير رضي الله عنه : إلى أنّ الإنسان الكامل هو الجامع لجميع الحضرات ، فإذا غاب عن الحسّ ودخل عالم المثال ، فإنّ حضوره يستصحب معه صورة ما غاب عنه في الحسّ بعد خلقه بهمّته ، فيحضر بمثال صورة ما غفل عنه ، فيبقى ذلك المخلوق في الحسّ موجودا ، وهذا ليس إلَّا للجامع الكامل ، وله درجة القرآنية الجمعية الأحدية ، والأبرار والمتّقون بالتقوى العرفي يجعل الله لهم فرقانا ،والمقرّبون لهم القرآن الجامع ، وفرقانهم أرفع فرقان وتقواهم أعظم تقوى . قال رضي الله عنه : "فإنّ المتّقي الله يجعل له فرقانا ، وهو مثل ما ذكرنا في هذه المسألة فيما يتميّز به العبد من الربّ ، وهذا الفرقان أرفع فرقان " . قال رضي الله عنه : « فـ وقتا يكون العبد ربّا بلا شكّ » .يعني : الربوبية العرضية - من كونه ربّ المال والملك والملك - عرضت للعبد منه ، فحالت بينه وبين تحقّقه بالعبدانية المحضة التي ما شابها ربوبية ، ولا شأنها تصرّف وألوهية . قال رضي الله عنه : « ووقتا يكون العبد عبدا بلا إفك » يشير - رضي الله عنه - : إلى أنّ العبد إذا شاب عبوديته ربوبيّته ، فعبوديته وعبدانيته بالإفك ، ما هي خالصة ، لأنّ العبدانية لو كانت خالصة لله ما شابها ربوبية ، كما يكون العبد في وقت لا يتّصف فيه بالربوبية ، ولم يضف إلى نفسه فعلا ولا أثرا ، وأمسك عن التصرّفات النفسية إلَّا ما أمر به الشرع ، فافهم . ثم اعلم : أنّ الوقت الذي يكون العبد الكامل فيه ربّا هو وقت خلافته عن الله ، فإذا نصّ على خلافته فهو الجامع إذن بين العبودية العظمى والربوبيّة الكبرى ، عبد لله ربّ للعالمين بالخلافة ، فإنّ الخليفة على صورة مستخلفه ، وربّه يخلقه ربّا للعالمين ، وصورته التي خلقه - أي الخليفة - عليها هي الربوبية ، فافهم . والوقت الذي يكون العبد عبدا بلا إفك هو زمان استخلافه لله بعد أنّ الله كان مستخلفا له ، وكان خليفة الله ، فصار مستخلفا لمستخلفه تحقّقا بالعبودية العامّة والمعرفة التامّة . كقوله صلَّى الله عليه وسلم في هذا المقام : « اللَّهمّ أنت الصاحب في السفر ، والخليفة في الأهل » فخلَّف الله على أهله ، وهو صاحبه في سفره إليه ومنه وفيه ، فافهم ، فهو الجامع بين الخلافة والاستخلاف ، وهو مقام الخلَّة العظمى ، الذي أشار إليه الخليل ، إنّما كنت خليلا من قراء وراء ، وهو ظاهر الخلافة المحمدية اذهبوا إلى محمّد ، فإنّه الخليل والحبيب ، فإنّ الخليفة إذا شغل بخلافته لله ، أحبّه الله . وقال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - في آخر أمره - وهو على الطرفاء: إنّي أبرأ إلى الله أن أتّخذ أحدا منكم خليلا ، ولو كنت متّخذا خليلا لاتّخذت أبا بكر خليلا ، إنّ الله اتّخذني البارحة خليلا كما اتّخذ إبراهيم خليلا ، أوتيت مفاتيح خزائن السماوات والأرض » . قال رضي الله عنه : فإن كان عبدا كان بالحق واسع %~% وإن كان ربّا كان في عيشة ضنك فمن كونه عبدا يرى عين نفسه %~% وتتّسع الآمال منه بلا شكّ قال العبد : إذا تحقّق الإنسان الكامل بالاستخلاف وتثبّت في مركزية فلك العبودية العظمى ، كان بلا شكّ واسعا بالحق ، ووسعه الحق بكل شيء ، فإنّه في وكالة الحق وكفالته بربوبيته ، وهو ربّ بالحقيقة ، فتتّسع آمال العبد في الله حقيقة ، فإنّ للآمال والآملين في فيحاء فضاء ربوبيته - تعالى - مجالا جليلا ، وظلَّا ظليلا ، وإن كان ربّا وظهر بربوبية عرضيّة ، لزمه القيام بربوبية من ظهر بعبوديته ، وحينئذ لم يقم بذلك حقّ القيام ، فإنّ الخليفة وإن كان فيه جميع ما يطلبه الرعايا ، ولكن ذلك غير ذاتي له ، بل مجعول فيه وله ، فقيامه بربوبيّة العالم بجعل الله وإن كان قبول ذلك باستعداد غير مجعول . ولكنّ الفرق بين الربوبية الذاتية والربوبية العرضية بيّن وإن كان الكلّ حقا للكلّ في الحقيقة ، ولكن لكل من الكلّ مستند أصيل في الكلّ هو له ذاتي كالنقائص والمذامّ والانفعال والتأثّر والفقر والعبودية ، فإنّها ذاتية للعبد والكون ، وللموجود الحق من حيث تعيّنه في العبد لا بالذات ، وللكون من حيث اتّصافه بالوجود ، فافهم . قال رضي الله عنه : ومن كونه ربّا يرى الخلق كلَّه %~% يطالبه من حضرة الملك والملك يعني - رضي الله عنه - : إذا ظهر بربوبية الخلافة ، توجّه الملك والملكوت والجبروت بمطالبة حقوقها منه ، إذ لا بدّ للخليفة أن يقوم بجميع ما للرعايا ، ولا شكّ أنّه يعجز عن ذلك ، لكون ربوبيته غير ذاتية . قال رضي الله عنه : ويعجز عمّا طالبوه بذاته %~% لذا كان بعض العارفين به يبكي وفي أكثر النسخ « لذا تر بعض العارفين » لعلمه بعدم قيامه بربوبية العالم - وفيه حذف الياء من « ترى » فكان يبكي حين طولب بما لم يحضره بالفعل في بعض الأوقات . قال - رضي الله عنه - : فكن عبد ربّ لا تكن ربّ عبده %~% فتذهب بالتعليق في النار والسبك

— this is that which comprehends both what occurs and what does not occur, and none knows what we have said except one who is himself a Qur'an. He - may God be pleased with him - indicates that the Perfect Human (al-insān al-kāmil) is the one who comprehends all the divine presences (ḥaḍarāt). So when he is absent from sense-perception and enters the world of imagination (mithāl), his presence brings with it the form of that from which he was absent in sense-perception, after having created it by his spiritual resolve (himma); thus he becomes present through the imaginal likeness of that which he was unaware of, while that created thing remains existent in sense-perception. This belongs only to the comprehensive, perfect one, to whom belongs the rank of the all-comprehensive, unitary Qur'anicity. As for the righteous (abrār) and those who fear God with customary god-fearing (taqwā), God grants them a discrimination (furqān); but those brought near (muqarrabūn) possess the all-comprehensive Qur'an, and their furqān is the highest furqān, and their taqwā is the greatest taqwā. He said - may God be pleased with him: "For whoever fears God, God grants him a furqān" - this is like what we mentioned in this matter concerning that by which the servant is distinguished from the Lord, and this furqān is the highest furqān. He said - may God be pleased with him: "So at one time the servant is, without doubt, a lord." That is: accidental lordship (rubūbiyya ʿaraḍiyya) - from his being lord of wealth, dominion (mulk), and kingship (malik) - presents itself to the servant from Him, and thus comes between him and his realization of pure servant-ness (ʿabdāniyya), which no lordship mixes with, and whose affair has nothing to do with disposal (taṣarruf) or divinity (ulūhiyya). He said - may God be pleased with him: "And at another time the servant is a servant without falsehood (ifk)." He indicates - may God be pleased with him - that if the servant's servanthood is mixed with his lordship, then his servanthood and servant-ness is with falsehood, not pure; for if servant-ness were pure for God, no lordship would mix with it - as when the servant is at a time when he is not characterized by lordship, attributes to himself no act or effect, and withholds from self-interested dispositions (taṣarrufāt nafsiyya) except what the Law commands. So understand. Then know: the time at which the Perfect Servant is a lord is the time of his vicegerency (khilāfa) from God. So when his vicegerency is explicitly established, he is then the one who comprehends both the greatest servanthood and the greatest lordship - a servant of God, lord of the worlds through vicegerency. For the vicegerent (khalīfa) is upon the form of the one who installed him as vicegerent (mustakhlif), and his Lord creates him as lord of the worlds, and the form upon which He created him - i.e., the vicegerent - is lordship itself. So understand. And the time at which the servant is a servant without falsehood is the time of his installing God as vicegerent (istikhlāf), after God had installed him as vicegerent and he had been God's vicegerent; so he became the one who installs as vicegerent the One who had installed him, through realization of universal servanthood and complete gnosis (maʿrifa). As in his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, concerning this station: "O God, You are the Companion in the journey and the Vicegerent over the family" - thus he installed God as vicegerent over his family, while He is his Companion in his journeying to Him, from Him, and in Him. So understand: he is the one who comprehends both vicegerency and the installing-as-vicegerent, and this is the station of the greatest intimate friendship (khulla), to which the Friend (al-Khalīl) alluded: "I was only a friend (khalīl) from behind a recitation (qirāʾa)" - and this is the manifest aspect of the Muhammadan vicegerency: "Go to Muhammad, for he is the Friend and the Beloved." For when the vicegerent occupies himself with his vicegerency for God, God loves him. And the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, said at the end of his life - while upon al-Ṭarfāʾ: "I declare myself innocent before God of taking any of you as an intimate friend (khalīl); and had I been one to take an intimate friend, I would have taken Abū Bakr as an intimate friend. Indeed, God took me last night as an intimate friend, just as He took Abraham as an intimate friend. I have been given the keys of the treasuries of the heavens and the earth." He said - may God be pleased with him: "If he is a servant, he is vast through the Real; and if he is a lord, he is in a straitened life. For in his being a servant he sees the very essence of himself, and hopes expand through him without doubt." The servant [the author] said: When the Perfect Human is realized through vicegerency and is firmly established in the center of the sphere of the greatest servanthood, he is without doubt vast through the Real, and the Real makes him vast with everything; for he stands under the Real's trusteeship (wikāla) and guardianship (kafāla) through His lordship, and he is a lord in reality. Thus the servant's hopes expand in God in reality, for hopes and hopers find, in the vast expanse of His lordship's space - exalted is He - a magnificent scope and a shading shade. But if he is a lord and manifests with accidental lordship, he is then obligated to undertake the lordship of whoever manifests through his servanthood, and in that case he does not undertake it with the due undertaking. For the vicegerent, even though all that the subjects (raʿāyā) seek is within him, this is not essential (dhātī) to him but rather placed in him and for him; so his undertaking of the lordship of the world is by God's making (jaʿl), even though his reception of that is by a preparedness (istiʿdād) that is not itself created. But the difference between essential lordship and accidental lordship is clear, even though the whole is real for the whole in reality; yet each of the whole has an original basis within the whole that is essential to it - like deficiencies, blameworthy traits, being affected (infiʿāl), being influenced (taʾaththur), poverty, and servanthood - for these are essential to the servant and to the cosmos (kawn), and to the Existent Real insofar as His entification (taʿayyun) occurs in the servant, not essentially in Himself; and to the cosmos insofar as it is characterized by existence. So understand. He said - may God be pleased with him: "And from his being a lord, he sees all of creation demanding of him, from the presence of dominion (mulk) and kingship (malik)." He means - may God be pleased with him - that when he manifests with the lordship of vicegerency, the kingdom (mulk), the dominion (malakūt), and the compelling power (jabarūt) turn to him demanding their rights, since the vicegerent must necessarily undertake all that belongs to the subjects, and there is no doubt that he is incapable of that, because his lordship is not essential. He said - may God be pleased with him: "And he is incapable, of himself, of what they demand of him; therefore some of the knowers (ʿārifūn), because of it, would weep." And in most manuscripts it reads: "therefore you see some of the knowers" - because of his knowledge of his failure to fulfill the lordship of the world - with the yāʾ dropped from "tarā" (you see) - so he would weep when demanded of that which was not actually present to him at certain times. He said - may God be pleased with him: "So be a servant of a Lord; do not be a lord of His servant, lest you go off, through attachment, into fire and smelting."

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ما فرطنا في الكتاب منشئ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

) . تعليل الوصية، وتشبيه تلك الحضرة بالكتاب الجامع الإلهي الذي قالتعالى فيه: (لا رطب ولا يابس إلا في كتاب مبين) . وهو اللوح المحفوظ. فإن العارف إذا أعطى حق حضرة من الحضرات وتوجه بسره إلى معرفة أسرارها،يلوح منهما أسرار باقي الحضرات، فيكون تلك الحضرة بالنسبة إليه كالكتاب الجامع لكل شئ

) This is the justification for the counsel, likening that presence to the comprehensive divine Book of which God, Exalted, said: (there is nothing moist or dry but is in a Clear Book) - which is the Preserved Tablet (al-lawḥ al-maḥfūẓ). For when the gnostic is given the due right of a presence among the presences and turns his inmost secret (sirr) toward knowledge of its mysteries, the mysteries of the remaining presences become manifest through it. Thus that presence becomes, relative to him, like the Book comprehensive of everything

Ibn Turka

﴿ما فَرَّطْنا في الْكِتابِ من شَيْءٍ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

[ 6 / 38 ] . وذلك من حيث أنّها هي الجامعة بين كمال تفصيل الصور، وتمام تبيين المعاني، كالكتاب

[6:38]. That is because it combines the complete differentiation of forms with the perfect clarification of meanings, like the Book

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما فرطنا في الكتاب﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

[الأنعام: 38]

[Qur'an 6:38]

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فهو الجامع للواقع وغير الواقع﴾

وذلك الكتاب هو الجامع لكل ما وقع ويقع إلى الأبد

and that Book is comprehensive of everything that has occurred and will occur, unto eternity

Ibn Turka

﴿فهو الجامع للواقع﴾

مما يمكن أن يكون له في النشأة الخارجة عن المشاعر صورة ظهرت ، أو لم تظهر

of whatever can have, in the existence external to the senses, a form that has appeared or has not appeared

Jāmī

﴿فهو الجامع للواقع﴾

في الماضي والحان (وغير الواقع في الماضي والحال الذي يقع إلى الأبد في الاستقبال فكذلك تكون تلك الحضرة جامعة للصور الواقعة فيها و للصور الغير الواقعة فيها الواقعة في سائر الحضرات فإنها كالأثر من الحضرات التي تخصها فنعلم بها كما يعرف الأثر بالمؤثر. أو نقول الحشرات كلها صور للحقائق الإلهية مرتبة بعد مرتبة، وكل واحدة منها متحدة مع سائرها من حيث تلك الحقائق. فمعرفة كل واحدة منها على ما هي عليه تستتبع معرفة الباقية، فالحضرة الخاصة التي يحضر معها العارف مثلها مثل الكتابة الذي لم يفرط فيه من شيء

in the past and present (and what does not occur in the past and present but will occur forever in the future). Thus that presence likewise comprehends the forms occurring within it and the forms not occurring within it but occurring in the rest of the presences, for they are like a trace from the presences proper to them, so we know them thereby just as the trace is known through that which produces it. Or we may say: all the presences are forms of the divine realities, arranged rank upon rank, and each one of them is united with the rest in respect of those realities. So knowledge of each one of them as it truly is entails knowledge of the rest. Thus the particular presence with which the knower is present is like the Book in which nothing has been neglected.

Bālī Zāde

﴿الجامع للواقع﴾

أي ما كان في الخارج

i.e., what has existed in the outer world

Ibn Turka

﴿وغير الواقع﴾

مما لا يمكن له ذلك ، كالمعاني العقليّة والمثل الخياليّة التي يمتنع لها البروز عن مواطنها ذلك ، ويستحيل أن يظهر في هذه النشأة الخارجية

of whatever cannot have that, such as intelligible meanings and imaginal forms (mithāl) for which emergence from their abodes is impossible, and it is impossible for them to appear in this external existence

Bālī Zāde

﴿وغير الواقع﴾

في الخارج وهذه الحضرة مثل ذلك الكتاب في الجامعية فلا تغفل عنه

in the outer world, and this Presence is like that Book in comprehensiveness, so do not be oblivious of it

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ولا يعرف ما قلناه إلا من كان قرآنا في نفسه﴾

أي، كتابا جامعا للحقائق كلها في نفسه. فإنه إذا عرف جمعيته وقرأ من كتاب حقيقته التي هي نسخة العالم الكبير جميع كلمات الله التي هي حقائق العالم مفصلا، عرف جمعية كل من الحضرات، وما أشرنا إليه من أن تلك الحضرة كالكتاب المبين بالنسبة إليه

that is, a book comprehensive of all realities within himself. For when he knows his own comprehensiveness and reads, from the book of his reality - which is the copy (nuskha) of the great macrocosm - all the words of God which are the realities of the world, in detail, he knows the comprehensiveness of each of the presences, and what we have indicated: that that presence is, relative to him, like the Clear Book

Ibn Turka

﴿ولا يعرف ما قلناه﴾

من أنّ الكلّ إنّما هو من العين الواحدة المسماة بالعبد - وإن اختلفت النسب والعبارات بحسب الاعتبارات

, namely that the whole is but from the single entity named 'the servant' - though the relations (nisab) and expressions differ according to the various considerations

Jāmī

﴿ولا يعرف﴾

معرفة ذوق و وجدان

by way of tasting and direct experiential knowledge (dhawq wa wijdān)

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولا يعرف﴾

ذوقا وحالا وتحقق

by taste, experiential state, and realization

Words 35–36 · 2 of 6

مَا قُلْنَاهُ

Jāmī

﴿ما قلناه﴾

من عدم التفريط في الكتاب من شيء ومماثلة الحضرة الخاصة التي يحضر معها العارف لذلك الكتاب

concerning there being no neglect of anything in the Book, and the correspondence of the particular presence with which the knower is present to that Book

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما قلناه إلا من كان قرآنا … في نفسه﴾

جميع الحضرات بارتفاع حجب أنية بالفناء في الله . فمن كان قرآنا في نفسه يصل إلى هذه المسألة ذوقا وحالا . وأما من لم يصل إلى مقام الجمع فهو بصل إلى مجهوله علما بسماع هذه المسألة منه ثم يطلب الذوق والشهود بالفناء في الله وإنما لا يعرفه إلا هذا الشخص

of all the Presences, through the lifting of the veils of selfhood (aniyya) by annihilation in God. So whoever is a Qur'an in himself attains to this matter by taste and state. As for one who has not attained to the station of Gathering (jamʿ), he attains to his unknown only theoretically, by hearing this matter from him, and then he seeks taste and witnessing through annihilation in God; and indeed, none knows it except such a person

Ibn Turka

﴿إلَّا من كان قرآنا في نفسه﴾

جامعا بين تمام التفرقة وكمال الجمع ، شاهدا في عين العبد ، الكاشفة عن تمام البعد كنه القرب من الحقّ بعينه

combining the perfection of differentiation with the completeness of unity (jamʿ), witnessing in the entity of the servant - which discloses the completeness of distance - the very essence of nearness to the Real Himself

Jāmī

﴿إلا من كان قرآنا في نفسه﴾

جامعا للحضرات كلها تحقيقا و اجدا أحكامها في ذاته وإنما يعرف من كان قرآن في نفسه ما قلناه

comprehending all the presences in actual realization, finding their rulings within his own essence. Only one who is a Qurʾān in himself knows what we have said.

al-Qāshānī

﴿فإن المتقى باللَّه يجعل له فرقانا ، وهو مثل ما ذكرناه في هذه المسألة فيما يتميز به العبد من الرب ، وهذا الفرقان أرفع فرقان﴾

أي المتقى بالتقوى العرفي يجعل له فرقان : أي فارقا بين الحق والباطل ونصرا عزيزا على حسب تقواه ، فيتميز به الحق من الخلق في الصفات والأفعال ، وهذا الفرقان هو الفرق بعد الجمع ، وهو درجة المقربين الكمل الذين تقواهم أعظم تقوى وفرقانهم أرفع فرقان

- that is, one who is godfearing with gnostic god-fearing (al-taqwā al-ʿirfānī) is granted a discrimination - namely, a distinguishing between truth and falsehood, and a mighty support (naṣr ʿazīz), according to the measure of his god-fearing - by which the Real is distinguished from the creature in attributes and acts. This discrimination is the differentiation after gathering (al-farq baʿd al-jamʿ), which is the rank of the perfected ones brought near (al-muqarrabīn al-kummal), whose god-fearing is the greatest god-fearing, and whose discrimination is the loftiest discrimination.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فإن المتقى الله يجعل له فرقانا﴾

أي، فإن الذي يتقى الله، يجعل الله له فرقانا. وهذا تعليل مشتمل على التعليم. وهو أن من يتق الله ولم يثبت غيرا و لميشرك في ذاته وصفاته وأفعاله، يجعل الله له فرقانا، أي، نورا في باطنه فارقا بين الحق والباطل، ويعلم الحق ومراتبه وأحكامه في مواطنه ومقاماته. وهو إشارة إلى قوله تعالى: (إن تتقوا الله يجعل لكم فرقانا ويكفر عنكم سيئاتكم ويغفر لكم ذنوبكم). وقوله: (ومن يتق الله يجعل له مخرجا ويرزقه من حيث لايحتسب.) وللتقوى مراتب : فإن تقوى العوام، الإتقاء عن النواهي. وتقوى الخواص، الإتقاء عن إسناد الكمالات إلى أنفسهم والأفعال والصفات إليها. وتقوى الأخص من الكمل، الإتقاء عن إثبات وجود الغير مع الحق فعلا وصفة وذاتا. وهذه مراتب التقوى لله. وهو قبل الوصول إلى مقام الجمع. وأما مراتب التقوى بالله وفي الله، فهو إنما يكون عند البقاء بعد الفناء. ولكل مرتبة من مراتب التقوى فرقان يلزمها. فأعظم الفرقانات ما يكون في مقام الفرق بعد الجمع. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is, whoever is godfearing of God, God grants him a furqān. This is a justification containing instruction: whoever is godfearing of God, and does not affirm any 'other', and does not associate a partner in His Essence, Attributes, and Acts, God grants him a furqān - that is, a light within his inmost being distinguishing between truth and falsehood - and he knows the Real and His ranks and His rulings in His abodes and stations. This alludes to His saying, Exalted is He: (If you are godfearing of God, He will grant you a furqān, and will absolve you of your evil deeds, and forgive you your sins), and His saying: (Whoever is godfearing of God, He will make for him a way out, and will provide for him from whence he does not reckon.) Godfearing has ranks: the godfearing of the common folk is guarding against forbidden things; the godfearing of the elect (khawāṣṣ) is guarding against ascribing perfections to themselves, and acts and attributes to themselves; the godfearing of the most elect among the perfect ones (akhaṣṣ al-kummal) is guarding against affirming the existence of any 'other' together with the Real, in act, attribute, and essence. These are the ranks of godfearing of God (li-llāh), which precede arrival at the station of union (al-jamʿ). As for the ranks of godfearing by God and in God (bi-llāh wa fī Allāh), this occurs only at subsistence (baqāʾ) after annihilation (fanāʾ). And for every rank of godfearing there is a furqān that attends it necessarily. The greatest of furqāns is that which occurs in the station of differentiation after union (al-farq baʿda l-jamʿ). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Ibn Turka

﴿فإنّ المتّقى﴾

الذي جعل عينه وقاية للحقّ في الذم والحقّ وقاية لعينه في الحمد

who makes his entity a shield (wiqāya) for the Real in blame, and the Real a shield for his entity in praise

Jāmī

﴿فإن المتقي الله﴾

يعني المتحقق بحقيقة الاتقاء الحائز بالتحقق بها مرتبة الجمعية القرآنية، فإن حقيقة الاتقاء هی: اتخاذ العبد الحق سبحانه وقاية لذاته وصفاته وأفعاله بإتصافها إليه سبحانه وانقطاع نسبتها من العبد . وليست الجمعية القرآنية إلا ذلك (يجعل) الله

meaning the one realized in the reality of taqwā (godfearing), who has, through realization of it, attained the station of Qurʾānic comprehensiveness (al-jamʿiyya al-qurʾāniyya). For the reality of taqwā is: the servant's taking the Real, glory be to Him, as a protective shield (wiqāya) for his essence, attributes, and acts, by ascribing them to Him, glory be to Him, and the severance of their relation (nisba) from the servant. And Qurʾānic comprehensiveness is nothing other than that. (He will make) God

Bālī Zāde

﴿فإن المتقي الله﴾

أي فإن من يتقي الله بأن لا يشرك معه شيئا في أفعاله وصفاته وذاته بإسناده جميعها إليه تعالى لا إلى غيره . (يجعل) الله تعالى له (فرقانا) أي نورا في قلبه يعرف به ويميز بين العبد والحق ويصل به إلى مقام القرآنية فيعرف ما قلناه . قال الشيخ الأكبر رضي الله عنه

i.e., whoever fears God by not associating anything with Him in His acts, attributes, and Essence, by ascribing all of these to Him, exalted is He, and not to another. (God, exalted is He, grants) him (a discrimination (furqān)), i.e., a light in his heart by which he knows and distinguishes between the servant and the Real, and by which he attains to the station of Qur'anic-ness, and thereby comes to know what we have said. The Greatest Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Words 45–48 · 1 of 6

اللَّهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ فُرْقَانًا

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿الله يجعل له فرقانا﴾

حتّى يتمكَّن من التفرقة بين الذمّ والنقص ، والتفرقة والبعد ، وبين الحمد والكمال ، والجمعيّة والقرب

so that he becomes able to distinguish between blame and deficiency, separation and distance, on the one hand, and praise and perfection, unity (jamʿiyya) and nearness, on the other

Words 47–48 · 1 of 6

لَهُ فُرْقَانًا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿له فرقانا﴾

أي نورا في باطنه فارقة بين الحقائق التي من جملتها ما قلناه فلا جرم يعرفه . (وهو) ، أي الفرقان الذي يجعله الله تنتقي

i.e., a light within his inward being distinguishing between the realities, among which is included what we have said—so inevitably he knows it. (And it) i.e., the discernment which God makes manifest

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وهو مثل ما ذكرنا في هذه المسألة فيما يتميز به العبد من الرب. وهذا الفرقان أرفع فرقان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، ذلك الفرقان الحاصل من التقوى بالله وفي الله، هو مثل الفرقان الذي ذكرناه في هذه المسألة من تميز العبد من الرب. وهذا الفرقان أرفع فرقان، لأن الحق هو الذي ظهر بصورة العبد، وأظهر فيه صفة الخالقية، فاشتبه على الخلق بأنه عبد أو حق. شعر قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : (فوقتا يكون العبد ربا بلا شك لأنه يظهر بالصفات الإلهية والربوبية، وإن كانت عرضية بالنسبة إليه. ووقتا يكون العبد عبدا بلا إفك) لأنه يظهر بصفة العجز والقصور. والعبودية ذاتية للعبد بخلاف الربوبية، فإنها عرضية له. وإنما قال: (ووقتا) لأنه كل ساعة في شأن: تارة في شؤون الكون، وتارة في شؤون الحق. واعلم، أن لكل إنسان نصيبا من الربوبية. وأما الربوبية التامة هيللإنسان الكامل، لأنه الخليفة، وكذلك له العبودية التامة. فلو تحمل هذه الأبيات على الكامل تكون صحيحا، وعلى غيره أيضا كذلك. فافهم

that is, that furqān resulting from godfearing by God and in God is like the furqān we mentioned in this matter, concerning the distinction of the servant from the Lord. And this furqān is the loftiest furqān, because it is the Real who has become manifest in the form of the servant, manifesting in him the attribute of creativeness (al-khāliqiyya), such that it becomes ambiguous to creation whether he is a servant or the Real. Verse - the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (At times the servant is undoubtedly a lord, because he manifests the divine and lordly attributes, even though these are accidental (ʿaraḍiyya) relative to him. And at times the servant is a servant without falsehood) because he manifests the attribute of incapacity and deficiency. For servanthood is essential (dhātiyya) to the servant, unlike lordship, which is accidental to him. He said 'at times' because he is, every moment, in some affair (sha'n): sometimes in the affairs of creation, and sometimes in the affairs of the Real. And know that every human being has a share of lordship. As for complete lordship, it belongs to the perfect human, for he is the vicegerent (khalīfa); and likewise complete servanthood belongs to him. So if these verses are applied to the perfect one, they are sound; and if applied to others as well, they are likewise so. Understand this.

Ibn Turka

﴿وهو مثل ما ذكرنا في هذه المسألة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الكاشفة في مرتبة الفعل والخلق عمّا ينسب إليه

which discloses, at the level of act and creation, what is ascribed to Him

Jāmī

﴿مثل ما ذكرناه في هذه المسألة﴾

أي واحد من جزئياته ما ذكرناه

i.e., it is one instance among its particulars—what we mentioned

Bālī Zāde

﴿مثل ما ذكرناه في هذه المسألة فيما يتميز به العبد من الرب﴾

أي يخلق بهمته شيئا ما ويحفظ بالهمة ويفرق بينه وبين ربه بعين ما ذكرناه وأما فتح هذه المسألة وظهوره في الحس فمختص بالشيخ رضي الله تعالی عنه وإليه أشار بقوله : فهي يتيمة الوقت وفريدته

i.e., he creates something by his himma and it is preserved by the himma, and he is distinguished from his Lord by the very thing we have mentioned; as for the disclosure of this matter and its appearance in sensory experience, that is particular to the Shaykh, may God, exalted is He, be pleased with him, and to this he alluded by his saying: it is the orphan of the time and its unique pearl

Ibn Turka

﴿فيما يتميّز به العبد من الربّ … وهذا الفرقان أرفع فرقان﴾

فإنّه فرقان في أنزل المراتب ، يعني الفعل والخلق ، وهي العين المنبئة عن كمال الجمع ، وعلم من طي ما اقتبسها من مشكاة النبوّة في عبارته الكاشفة عن مصباح الولاية : إنّ القرآنيّة هي مقتضى حقيقة العبد ، وله في نفسه ، والفرقانيّة إنّما يجعل له الله ، فلذلك أخذ في النظم مفصحا عن ذلك : "يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تَتَّقُوا الله يَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ فُرْقاناً وَيُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئاتِكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ وَالله ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ ". فوقتا يكون العبد ربا بلا شك %~% ووقتا يكون العبد عبدا بلا إفك

for it is a discernment at the lowest of ranks, namely act and creation, which is the very entity that announces the completeness of unity (jamʿ). And it is known, from within what he drew from the niche of prophecy in his expression disclosing the lamp of sainthood (walāya), that Qur'ān-ness is what the reality of the servant demands and belongs to him in himself, while discernment-ness (furqāniyya) is only what God grants him. Hence he took up in the verse, making this explicit: 'O you who believe, if you fear God, He will grant you a discernment and expiate your evil deeds and forgive you, and God is possessed of great bounty.' So at times the servant is a lord without doubt, and at times the servant is a servant without falsehood

Jāmī

﴿فيما يتميز﴾

أي في معنى يتميز

is distinguished] i.e., concerning the meaning by which he is distinguished

Jāmī

﴿به العبد من الرب وهذا الفرقان أرفع فرقان﴾

لأن الفرقان إما بين الحقائق الإلهية والكونية أو بين الحقائق الإلهية فقط بأن تميز بعضها عن بعض، أو بين الحقائق الكونية. كذلك فلا شك أن الفرق الأن أرفع قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

because discernment (furqān) is either between the divine and cosmic realities, or between the divine realities alone—distinguishing some of them from others—or between the cosmic realities alone. Thus there is no doubt that this discernment is the loftiest. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Words 62–63 · 1 of 6

وَهَذَا الفُرْقَانُ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وهذا الفرقان﴾

أي الفرق الذي بيناه بين العبد والحق في هذه المسألة (ارفع فرقانا) وأعظمه لا يكون فوقه فرقانا لأنه به ظهر الفرق بين العبد والرب على أي وجه وفي أي مرتبة كان. بخلاف الفرق المذكور بين الناس فإنه ليس بمثابته في رفع الاشتباه فقد أورد نتيجة ما ذكره بقوله : فوقتا يكون العبد ربا بلا شك بظهور تجلي الربوبية له واختفاء عبوديته وهو قوله والعارف يخلق بهمته

i.e., the distinction we have explained between the servant and the Real in this matter (is the highest discrimination) and the greatest of it, there being none above it, because by it the distinction between the servant and the Lord becomes manifest in whatever respect and at whatever rank it may be — unlike the distinction mentioned among people in general, for it is not of such a degree in removing ambiguity. He then adduced the result of what he mentioned by his saying: at times the servant is a lord without doubt, through the manifestation of the self-disclosure of lordship to him and the concealment of his servanthood — this being his statement 'and the gnostic creates by his himma'

al-Qāshānī

﴿فوقتا يكون العبد ربا بلا شك %~% ووقتا يكون العبد عبدا بلا إفك﴾

هذا البيت له معنيان محمولان على الفرقانين : أحدهما : أن المراد بالربوبية ، الربوبية العرضية من كونه رب المال ورب الملك ، وهي التي عرضت للعبد فحالت بينه وبين تحققه بالعبودية المحضة التي ما شابها ربوبية ولا شأنها تصرف وألوهية ، فكانت عبودية بالإفك ليست بخالصة فليس في هذا الوقت بمتق ، والوقت الذي خلصت فيه عبوديته ولم يتصف بربوبية أصلا ولم يضف إلى نفسه فعلا ولا تأثيرا ، وأمسك عن التصرفات النفسية وقام بالأوامر الشرعية قضاء لحق الربوبية ووفاء لحق العبودية ، كان متقيا يجعل الله له فرقانا . والمعنى الثاني : أن العبد الجامع بين العبودية العظمى والربوبية الكبرى في وقت خلافته عن الله عند استخلافه تعالى له ، كان عبدا لله ربا للعالمين ، فإن الخليفة على صورة المستخلف فوقتا يكون ربا للعالمين باستخلاف الحق له ، ووقتا يكون عبدا بلا إفك باستخلافه لله وتفويض أمره إليه بعد استخلاف الحق إياه تحققا بالعبودية العامة والمعرفة التامة ، لقوله عليه الصلاة والسلام في هذا المقام « اللهم أنت الصاحب في السفر والخليفة في الأهل » فخلف الله على أهله وهو صاحبه في السفر ، فصار كل منهما مستخلفا للآخر ومستخلفا وهو مقام الخلة العظمى المذكورة قبل

This verse has two meanings that may be applied to the two Furqāns (Discriminations). The first: that what is meant by lordship (rubūbiyya) is the incidental lordship (al-rubūbiyya al-ʿaraḍiyya) consisting in being lord of wealth or lord of property, which befalls the servant and thereby comes between him and his realization of pure servanthood (ʿubūdiyya) unmixed with any lordship and unconcerned with disposal (taṣarruf) or divinity (ulūhiyya). This would be a servanthood tainted with falsehood (ifk), not pure, so at such a time he is not God-fearing (muttaqī). But the time in which his servanthood is purified, in which he is not characterized by lordship at all, and does not ascribe to himself any act or influence, and withholds from egoic dispositions, and performs the acts commanded by the Law in fulfillment of the right of lordship and discharge of the right of servanthood — at that time he is God-fearing, and God grants him a Furqān (Criterion). The second meaning: that the servant who combines the greatest servanthood (al-ʿubūdiyya al-ʿuẓmā) with the greatest lordship (al-rubūbiyya al-kubrā), at the time of his vicegerency (khilāfa) from God when God Most High appoints him as vicegerent, is a servant of God and lord of the worlds (rabb al-ʿālamīn). For the vicegerent is upon the form of the One who appointed him as vicegerent; so at one time he is lord of the worlds through the Real's appointing him as vicegerent, and at another time he is a servant without falsehood through his appointing God as his 'vicegerent' and entrusting his affair to Him, after the Real's appointment of him, in realization of universal servanthood and complete gnosis — in accordance with his saying, peace and blessings be upon him, in this station: 'O God, You are the Companion on the journey and the Vicegerent (khalīfa) over the family.' Thus God became vicegerent over his family while He is his Companion on the journey; so each of the two becomes vicegerent for the other, and one who appoints a vicegerent and one appointed — and this is the station of the greatest intimate friendship (al-khulla al-ʿuẓmā) mentioned before.

Ibn Turka

﴿فوقتا يكون العبد ربّا بلا شكّ﴾

عندما يجعل الله له فرقان

when God grants him discernment

Bālī Zāde

﴿فوقتا يكون العبد ربا بلا شك %~% ووقتا يكون العبد عبدا بلا إفك﴾

( فوقتا يكون العبد ربا بلا شك ) بظهور تجلى الربوبية له واختفاء عبوديته ، وهو قوله : والعارف يخلق بهمته ( ووقتا يكون العبد عبدا بلا إفك ) عن عبوديته عند ظهور عجزه وقصوره بزوال الصفة الربوبية

a servant, without falsehood.] (At times the servant is a lord, without doubt) through the manifestation of the self-disclosure (tajallī) of lordship upon him and the concealment of his servanthood — and this is his saying: 'the knower creates by his aspiration.' (And at times the servant is a servant, without falsehood) regarding his servanthood, when his incapacity and shortcoming become manifest, with the removal of the attribute of lordship.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 3857); moved here

Ibn Turka

﴿ووقتا يكون العبد عبدا بلا إفك﴾

عندما يصل إلى قرآنيّته التي له في نفسه. فإن كان عبدا كان بالحق واسعا %~% وإن كان ربا كان في عيشة ضنك

when he arrives at his Qur'ān-ness which belongs to him in himself. For if he is a servant, he is through the Real expansive, and if he is a lord, he is in a straitened life

Jāmī

﴿يكون العبد … ربا بلا شك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

لانقهار جهة عبوديته في ربوبيته. (ووقتا) ، أي في مقام البقاء بعد الفناء

because the aspect of his servanthood is overwhelmed within his lordship. (And at times), i.e., in the station of subsistence (baqāʾ) after annihilation,

﴿يكون العبد﴾

الكامل أيض (عبدا) محض

the perfect one, also (is) (a servant) purely

Bālī Zāde

﴿ووقتا يكون العبد عبدا بلا إفك﴾

عن عبوديته عند ظهور عجزه وقصوره بزوال صفة الربوبية

from his servanthood, when his incapacity and shortcoming appear through the vanishing of the attribute of lordship

Words 76–77 · 1 of 6

بِلَا إِفْكِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿بلا إفك﴾

محضا من غير شائبة مربوبية فيه

purely, without any admixture of being a lord within it

al-Qāshānī

﴿فإن كان عبدا كان بالحق واسع %~% وإن كان ربا كان في عيشة ضنك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإن كان عبدا بالتفويض المذكور ، واستخلافه الحق مع كماله باستخلاف الحق إياه ، ثبت على مستقره ومركزية فلك العبودية العظمى ، وكان واسعا بالحق على الحقيقة ، لأنه في كفالته ووكالته بالربوبية الحقيقية الذاتية التي له يعبده ، فوسعه الحق بكل ما احتاج إليه فكان كل منهما في مقامه أصيلا . وإن كان ربا لزمه القيام بربوبية كل من ظهر بعبوديته ، وحينئذ لم يمكنه القيام بذلك حق القيام إلا بالحق ، فإن الخليفة وإن كان فيه جميع ما نطلبه الرعايا ، لكنه يجعل المستخلف فربوبته للعالم عرضية . وإن كان قبول ذلك باستعداد غير مجعول. لكن الوجود الغنى والفعل والتأثير والإفاضة للحق ذاتية ، والعدم والانفعال والتأثر والافتقار والقبول للعبد ذاتية ، فيعجز بالذات وإن كان قادرا بالعرض ، فصح كونه في ضيق وضنك : قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

If he is a servant through the aforementioned delegation (tafwīḍ), the Real having made him vicegerent despite his perfection through the Real's own act of investing him as vicegerent, then he remains firmly established at his center and at the pivot of the sphere of the greatest servitude (al-ʿubūdiyya al-ʿuẕmā), and he is truly made vast through the Real — for he is, in his charge and his delegated authority, [exercising] the true essential lordship (al-rubūbiyya al-ḥaqīqiyya al-dhātiyya) that belongs to the One he serves; so the Real makes him vast with everything he needs, and each of the two [servant and Lord] remains firmly established in his own station. But if he is [acting as] a lord, he is bound to undertake the lordship of everyone who has become manifest through his servitude [to him], and in that case he cannot truly undertake it except through the Real. For the vicegerent (khalīfa), even though all that the subjects seek is found in him, [nonetheless] attributes it to the One who appointed him vicegerent; his lordship over the world is [merely] accidental ('araḍiyya), even if its acceptance is through an uncreated preparedness (istiʿdād). But existence, self-sufficiency (ghinā), acting, effecting influence, and effusion (fayḍ) belong essentially to the Real, while nonexistence, being acted upon, being affected, neediness, and receptivity belong essentially to the servant. Hence he is essentially powerless even though accidentally capable — and so it is correct that he be in constriction (ḍīq) and a cramped life (ḍanak). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فإن كان عبدا، كان بالحق واسعا﴾

أي، فان ظهر العبد بصفة العبودية، كان واسعا بالحق قادرا على الأشياء بحوله و قوته، ولا يطالبه أحد بالصفات الكمالية التي للحق

That is, if the servant manifests with the attribute of servanthood (ʿubūdiyya), he becomes vast, capable of all things through the Real's strength and power, and no one demands of him the perfective attributes (al-ṣifāt al-kamāliyya) that belong to the Real.

Ibn Turka

﴿فإن كان عبدا﴾

قابلا على الإطلاق جامع

receptive absolutely, all-comprehensive (jāmiʿ)

Jāmī

﴿فإن كان﴾

ذلك العبد (عبدا) كاملا قائما بربه

a perfect servant, standing firm through his Lord,

Bālī Zāde

﴿فإن كان عبدا كان بالحق واسع %~% وإن كان ربا كان في عيشة ضنك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( فإن كان عبدا كان باللَّه واسعا ) لأنه قال ما وسعني أرضى ولا سمائي ( وإن كان ربا كان في عيشة ضنك )

(If he is a servant, he is through God vast and ample) for He said: 'Neither My earth nor My heaven contains Me, but the heart of My believing servant contains Me' (and if he is a lord, he is in a constricted life).

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 3868); moved here

﴿فإن كان عبدا كان بالحق واسعا﴾

لأنه قال ما وسعني أرضي ولا سمائي إلا قلب عبدي المؤمن

because He said: "My earth and My heaven do not encompass Me, but the heart of My believing servant encompasses Me."

Ibn Turka

﴿كان بالحقّ واسعا﴾

لأنّه طرف الإطلاق والسعة يقابلها يعني الضيق

for he is at the extreme of absoluteness and expansiveness, as opposed to constriction

Jāmī

﴿كان بالحق﴾

أي بسبب ظهور الحق فيه وفنائه في الحق تعالى. (واسعا) في عيشة من غير ضيق فيها، فإنه لا يطالب بشيء حتى يقع في ضيق بالعجز عن الإتيان به

i.e., by reason of the Real's manifestation within him and his annihilation in the Real, exalted is He, (in ease), in a life without any constriction in it, for he is not required to do anything such that he would fall into straits through incapacity to bring it about.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وإن كان ربا كان في عيشة ضنك﴾

أي، في تعب وضيق، لأنه يطالب بالأشياء حينئذ فيعجز عن الإتيان به

That is, in toil and constriction, because he is then held accountable for things and becomes incapable of bringing them about.

Ibn Turka

﴿وإن كان ربّا﴾

مقيّدا به ومفرقا فيه بخصوصه

delimited by it and differentiated within it by his particularity

Jāmī

﴿وإن كان ربما كان في عيشة ضنك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي ضيقة لأنه يطالب حينني بالأشياء ويعجز عن الإتيان بها، فيقع في ضنك وضيق

i.e., constricted, because he is then required to produce things and is incapable of bringing them about, so he falls into hardship and constriction.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وإن كان ربا كان في عيشة ضنك﴾

أي ضيق ومشقة لعجزه عند المطالبة بالأشياء عن إتيانه

that is, narrowness and hardship, due to his incapacity, when demands are made of him, to bring the things [demanded] into being

Words 87–90 · 1 of 6

كَانَ فِي عِيشَةٍ ضَنْكِ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿كان في عيشة ضنك﴾

لأنّ القيد مطلقا طرف الضيق والتفرقة . فمن كونه عبدا يرى عين نفسه %~% وتتسع الآمال منه بلا شك

for delimitation, absolutely speaking, is at the extreme of constriction and separation. So from his being a servant he sees his own very self, and hopes expand from him without doubt

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.