فضحPer Ibn Fāris: two close senses — unveiling something shameful, and an unpleasant … (root fdh)

The noun is al-faḍīḥa (الفضيحة), plural al-faḍāʾiḥ (الفضائح). Al-faḍḥ (الفضح) is a transitive verb [acting] from al-fāḍiḥ (الفاضح, the exposer) upon al-mafḍūḥ (المفضوح, the exposed). It is said concerning al-faḍāʾiḥ: 'A people, when they feared scandals (al-faḍāʾiḥ) regarding women, put on coats of mail (al-ṣafāʾiḥ).' Al-Aʿshā said: 'Your mother is more entitled than we to lampoon you, for what she requited you with of the race of disgrace (al-fiḍāḥ).' Al-shawṭ (الشوط) means 'requital.' One says to the disgraced person: 'yā faḍūḥ (يا فضوح)!' Afḍaḥa al-busr (أفضح البسر): when redness appears in it. Al-faḍḥa (الفضحة) is a dust-grey mixed with an ashen hue, combined with an unpleasing color, found among the colors of camels and pigeons; the descriptive form is afḍaḥ (أفضح). It has become faḍiḥ (فضح), faḍaḥan (فضحا) [verbal noun].

Faḍaḥahu fa-iftaḍaḥa (فضحه فافتضح): 'he exposed him, so he became disgraced,' when he uncovered his faults. The noun is al-faḍīḥa (الفضيحة) and al-fuḍūḥ (الفضوح). Faḍaḥa al-ṣubḥ (فضح الصبح) and afḍaḥa (أفضح): when it (the dawn) appeared. Afḍaḥa al-busr (أفضح البسر): when redness appeared in it. The poet Abū Dhuʾayb said: 'Have you seen the camel-loads of the tribe departing at morn, like palm-trees adorned by ripening and reddening (ifḍāḥ)?' Al-afḍaḥ (الأفضح) is white, but not intensely white. Ibn Muqbil said: 'And there came to it in the afternoon a cloud-mass at the sides of Sharma, a hoarse-thundering one, born of the star [al-Simāk]'s rain, pale-white (afḍaḥ).' It is also said: al-faḍaḥ (الفضح) is a dust-grey mixed with an ashen hue. Al-afḍaḥ (الأفضح) is the lion, and likewise the camel, and this is from faḍaḥ al-lawn (فضح اللون), the dullness of color.

The letters fāʾ, ḍād, and ḥāʾ form two closely related meanings: one indicates the exposure/appearing of something, and it is hardly said except regarding something bad; the other indicates an unpleasing color as well. As for the first, it is their saying afḍaḥa (أفضح) and faḍaḥa (فضح) 'dawn broke/appeared' when it appears. Then, regarding scandalous exposure, they say al-fuḍūḥ (الفضوح). They say iftaḍaḥa al-rajul (افتضح الرجل) 'the man was disgraced' when his faults became exposed. As for the color, they say that al-faḍaḥ (الفضح) is a dust-grey mixed with an ashen hue, an unpleasing color, and afḍaḥa al-busr (أفضح البسر) means the unripe dates showed redness. They also say al-afḍaḥ (الأفضح) is the lion, and likewise the camel, and this is from faḍaḥ al-lawn (فضح اللون), the dullness/fading of color.

Al-faḍḥ (الفضح) is a transitive verb [acting] from al-fāḍiḥ (الفاضح, the exposer) upon al-mafḍūḥ (المفضوح, the exposed); the noun is al-faḍīḥa (الفضيحة). It is said to the disgraced person: 'yā faḍūḥ (يا فضوح)!' The rajaz poet said: 'A people, when they feared scandals (al-faḍāʾiḥ) regarding women, put on coats of mail (al-ṣafāʾiḥ).' One says: iftaḍaḥa al-rajul yaftaḍiḥu iftiḍāḥan (افتضح الرجل يفتضح افتضاحا), 'the man became disgraced,' when he commits a bad affair and becomes notorious for it. It is said to a sleeper at the time of dawn: 'Faḍaḥaka al-ṣubḥ fa-qum (فضحك الصبح فقم)' [the dawn has exposed you, so rise], meaning the dawn has become bright and clear, making you visible/clear to whoever sees you, and exposing you. It is also said 'faṣaḥaka al-ṣubḥ (فصحك الصبح)' with ṣād, the two meanings being close. In the ḥadīth: Bilāl came to give the call to the dawn prayer, but ʿĀʾisha kept him occupied until the dawn 'exposed him' (faḍaḥahu al-ṣubḥ), i.e., the whiteness of dawn overtook him suddenly — that being faḍḥat al-ṣubḥ (فضحة الصبح), its whiteness. It is also said: faḍaḥahu (فضحه) means it uncovered him and made him visible to the eyes through its light; it is also transmitted with plain ṣād, with the same meaning. It is also said the meaning is: when dawn became very clear, his heedlessness of the time became apparent, so he became like one disgraced (yuftaḍaḥ) by a fault revealed from him. Faḍaḥa al-shayʾ yafḍaḥuhu faḍḥan fa-iftaḍaḥa (فضح الشيء يفضحه فضحا فافتضح): 'he exposed the thing... so it became exposed,' when its faults were uncovered. The noun is al-faḍāḥa (الفضاحة), al-fuḍūḥ (الفضوح), al-faḍūḥa (الفضوحة), and al-faḍīḥa (الفضيحة). A man is called faḍḍāḥ (فضاح) and faḍūḥ (فضوح): one who exposes people. Faḍaḥa al-qamar al-nujūm (فضح القمر النجوم): 'the moon outshone the stars,' meaning its light overcame theirs so they were not visible. Faḍaḥa al-ṣubḥ (فضح الصبح) and afḍaḥa (أفضح): 'dawn appeared.' Al-afḍaḥ (الأفضح) is white, but not intensely white. Ibn Muqbil said: 'And there came to it in the afternoon a cloud-mass at the sides of Sharma, a hoarse-thundering one, born of the star [al-Simāk]'s rain, pale-white (afḍaḥ).' Al-ajash (الأجش) is that whose thunder has a roughness in it. Al-simākī (السماكي) is that which is rained upon by the [lunar] station of al-Simāk. Sharma (شرمة) is a specific place. Aknāfuhā (أكنافها) means its surroundings. Al-jalab (الجلب) is a cloud-mass. The noun is al-faḍḥa (الفضحة); it is also said that al-faḍḥa (الفضحة) and al-faḍaḥ (الفضح) are a dust-grey mixed with an ashen hue combined with an unpleasing color, found among the colors of camels and pigeons; the descriptive form is afḍaḥ (أفضح) [masc.] and faḍḥāʾ (فضحاء) [fem.]. He is afḍaḥ (أفضح), and it has become faḍiḥ (فضح), faḍaḥan (فضحا) [verbal noun]. Al-afḍaḥ (الأفضح) is the lion, on account of its color, and likewise the camel — this being from faḍaḥ al-lawn (فضح اللون), the dullness of color. Abū ʿAmr said: I asked a Bedouin about al-afḍaḥ, and he said: it is the color of cooked meat. Afḍaḥa al-busr (أفضح البسر): when redness appears in it. Afḍaḥat al-nakhl (أفضح النخل): 'the palm trees turned red and yellow.' Abū Dhuʾayb al-Hudhalī said: 'Have you seen the camel-loads of the tribe departing at morn, like palm-trees adorned by ripening and reddening (ifḍāḥ)?' Some jurist was asked about faḍīḥ al-busr (فضيح البسر) [a date-wine], and he said: it is not al-faḍīḥ, but rather al-fuḍūḥ (الفضوح) — meaning that it intoxicates, exposing/disgracing its drinker when he becomes drunk from it. Al-faḍīḥa (الفضيحة) is a noun from this, for every evil affair that makes its doer notorious for something disgraceful.