Atlas
About this atlas
The atlas holds the chains of transmission from the Prophet as the standard references and the classical sources record them: the Sufi orders, the chains of Qurʾān recitation, the teachers of the schools of law and ḥadīth, and the lines of the Prophet's family, with the places they spread and the living houses and teachers who carry them today. Every link shows its sources; where they differ, both readings are shown, and we do not rule on any community's claims. Ibn ʿArabī's own life, teachers and readers are on their own page.
معين الدين حسن چشتي
Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī
Died 633/1236 · Ajmer
Established and systematised the order at Ajmer in the late 12th century
Sources for this person
The chain up to the Prophet
Dates are given where the sources give them. Years are CE; the Hijri year is in each name's detail.
Route 1 of 3, the best-sourced: Chishtiyya (Chishti order). Tap a rule to read its basis, sources and checks.
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
- Mumshād al-Dīnawarīممشاد الدينوري
one sourcein Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
gave the khirqa · Mumshād al-Dīnawarī to Abū Isḥāq Shāmī · One source
TDV: Abu Ishaq settled at Chisht on the instruction of his shaykh Mumshad al-Dinawari.
Nizami, K. A., 'Çiştiyye', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8 (1993), pp. 343-346Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3990-3998, n.2 · differsSilsila before Ibrāhīm b. Adham has no well-known names and was 'invented later'.
- Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 102-104 · silentJāmī's Mimshād has no link to Abū Isḥāq Shāmī.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · agreesAbū Isḥāq Shāmī said to have settled at Chisht at the direction of his master Mamshād Dīnawarī.
Abū Isḥāq Shāmīأبو إسحاق الشاميtwo sourcesin Chishtiyya (Chishti order)omits: intermediaries the data does not name
gave the khirqa · Abū Isḥāq Shāmī to ʿUthmān al-Hārūnī · Two independent sources
TDV's second chain runs from Abu Ishaq through intermediate masters (Abu Ahmad b. Farasnafa, Abu Muhammad b. Ahmad, Abu Yusuf, Mawdud Chishti, Haji Sharif Zindani) to ʿUthman Harūni; intermediate steps not drawn here. Omits: Abū Aḥmad Abdāl, Yūsuf b. Muḥammad b. Samʿān, Quṭb al-Dīn Mawdūd Chishtī, Aḥmad b. Mawdūd, Ḥājī Sharīf Zandanī (per Iranica).
Nizami, K. A., 'Çiştiyye', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8 (1993), pp. 343-346Checked against
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · agreesIranica gives Abū Isḥāq, Abū Aḥmad Abdāl, family line, Yūsuf b. Samʿān, Mawdūd, Aḥmad, Ḥājī Sharīf, then Khwāja ʿUthmān.
ʿUthmān al-Hārūnīعثمان الهاروني1220two sourcesin Chishtiyya (Chishti order)sources differ
gave the khirqa · ʿUthmān al-Hārūnī to Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī · Two independent sources
TDV's second chain: ʿUthman al-Harūni is Muʿin al-Din's shaykh.
Nizami, K. A., 'Çiştiyye', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8 (1993), pp. 343-346Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3985-3991 · agreesMuʿīn al-Dīn served his master ʿUthmān Harvānī some twenty years.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · agreesMuʿīn al-Dīn joined Khwāja ʿUthmān's group at Nishapur; link to the Chishti line rests 'on the tenuous link' of ʿUthmān alone.
Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.
- Böwering (Iranica): Muʿīn al-Dīn's association with the Chishti tradition 'rests on the tenuous link of Ḵᵛāja ʿOṯmān alone'.Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering)
Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtīمعين الدين حسن چشتي1236
Other routes (2)
Route 2 of 3: Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
- Mumshād al-Dīnawarīممشاد الدينوري
one sourcein Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
gave the khirqa · Mumshād al-Dīnawarī to Abū Isḥāq Shāmī · One source
TDV: Abu Ishaq settled at Chisht on the instruction of his shaykh Mumshad al-Dinawari.
Nizami, K. A., 'Çiştiyye', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8 (1993), pp. 343-346Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3990-3998, n.2 · differsSilsila before Ibrāhīm b. Adham has no well-known names and was 'invented later'.
- Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 102-104 · silentJāmī's Mimshād has no link to Abū Isḥāq Shāmī.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · agreesAbū Isḥāq Shāmī said to have settled at Chisht at the direction of his master Mamshād Dīnawarī.
Abū Isḥāq Shāmīأبو إسحاق الشاميtwo sourcesin Chishtiyya (Chishti order)omits: intermediaries the data does not name
gave the khirqa · Abū Isḥāq Shāmī to ʿUthmān al-Hārūnī · Two independent sources
TDV's second chain runs from Abu Ishaq through intermediate masters (Abu Ahmad b. Farasnafa, Abu Muhammad b. Ahmad, Abu Yusuf, Mawdud Chishti, Haji Sharif Zindani) to ʿUthman Harūni; intermediate steps not drawn here. Omits: Abū Aḥmad Abdāl, Yūsuf b. Muḥammad b. Samʿān, Quṭb al-Dīn Mawdūd Chishtī, Aḥmad b. Mawdūd, Ḥājī Sharīf Zandanī (per Iranica).
Nizami, K. A., 'Çiştiyye', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8 (1993), pp. 343-346Checked against
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · agreesIranica gives Abū Isḥāq, Abū Aḥmad Abdāl, family line, Yūsuf b. Samʿān, Mawdūd, Aḥmad, Ḥājī Sharīf, then Khwāja ʿUthmān.
ʿUthmān al-Hārūnīعثمان الهاروني1220two sourcesin Chishtiyya (Chishti order)sources differ
gave the khirqa · ʿUthmān al-Hārūnī to Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī · Two independent sources
TDV's second chain: ʿUthman al-Harūni is Muʿin al-Din's shaykh.
Nizami, K. A., 'Çiştiyye', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8 (1993), pp. 343-346Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3985-3991 · agreesMuʿīn al-Dīn served his master ʿUthmān Harvānī some twenty years.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · agreesMuʿīn al-Dīn joined Khwāja ʿUthmān's group at Nishapur; link to the Chishti line rests 'on the tenuous link' of ʿUthmān alone.
Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.
- Böwering (Iranica): Muʿīn al-Dīn's association with the Chishti tradition 'rests on the tenuous link of Ḵᵛāja ʿOṯmān alone'.Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering)
Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtīمعين الدين حسن چشتي1236
Route 3 of 3: Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
- Mumshād al-Dīnawarīممشاد الدينوري
one sourcein Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
gave the khirqa · Mumshād al-Dīnawarī to Abū Isḥāq Shāmī · One source
TDV: Abu Ishaq settled at Chisht on the instruction of his shaykh Mumshad al-Dinawari.
Nizami, K. A., 'Çiştiyye', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8 (1993), pp. 343-346Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3990-3998, n.2 · differsSilsila before Ibrāhīm b. Adham has no well-known names and was 'invented later'.
- Jāmī, Nafaḥāt al-uns (the edition in this reader), pp. 102-104 · silentJāmī's Mimshād has no link to Abū Isḥāq Shāmī.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · agreesAbū Isḥāq Shāmī said to have settled at Chisht at the direction of his master Mamshād Dīnawarī.
Abū Isḥāq Shāmīأبو إسحاق الشاميtwo sourcesin Chishtiyya (Chishti order)omits: intermediaries the data does not name
gave the khirqa · Abū Isḥāq Shāmī to ʿUthmān al-Hārūnī · Two independent sources
TDV's second chain runs from Abu Ishaq through intermediate masters (Abu Ahmad b. Farasnafa, Abu Muhammad b. Ahmad, Abu Yusuf, Mawdud Chishti, Haji Sharif Zindani) to ʿUthman Harūni; intermediate steps not drawn here. Omits: Abū Aḥmad Abdāl, Yūsuf b. Muḥammad b. Samʿān, Quṭb al-Dīn Mawdūd Chishtī, Aḥmad b. Mawdūd, Ḥājī Sharīf Zandanī (per Iranica).
Nizami, K. A., 'Çiştiyye', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8 (1993), pp. 343-346Checked against
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · agreesIranica gives Abū Isḥāq, Abū Aḥmad Abdāl, family line, Yūsuf b. Samʿān, Mawdūd, Aḥmad, Ḥājī Sharīf, then Khwāja ʿUthmān.
ʿUthmān al-Hārūnīعثمان الهاروني1220two sourcesin Chishtiyya (Chishti order)sources differ
gave the khirqa · ʿUthmān al-Hārūnī to Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī · Two independent sources
TDV's second chain: ʿUthman al-Harūni is Muʿin al-Din's shaykh.
Nizami, K. A., 'Çiştiyye', TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8 (1993), pp. 343-346Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3985-3991 · agreesMuʿīn al-Dīn served his master ʿUthmān Harvānī some twenty years.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · agreesMuʿīn al-Dīn joined Khwāja ʿUthmān's group at Nishapur; link to the Chishti line rests 'on the tenuous link' of ʿUthmān alone.
Where the sources differ, side by side. We do not rule between them.
- Böwering (Iranica): Muʿīn al-Dīn's association with the Chishti tradition 'rests on the tenuous link of Ḵᵛāja ʿOṯmān alone'.Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering)
Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtīمعين الدين حسن چشتي1236
How to read the marks
- Two sources: a solid rule. Two independent references give the same link.
- One source: a lighter rule, so labelled.
- The community's own account: a dotted rule. The order tells it; we have not yet read it against a reference source.
- A gap in the rule: the sources omit names between the two. The label says which.
- The sources differ: tap the ≠ to read each reading with its source.
- A ring: a spiritual link, without a meeting (uwaysī).
Who received from Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī
2 recorded, each with the chain set it belongs to.
- Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākīقطب الدين بختيار كاكي1228
one sourcein Chishtiyya (Chishti order)
gave the khirqa · Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī to Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī · One source
The order's traditional account; TDV does not name Bakhtiyar Kaki in the silsila (it calls the attributed divan doubtful).
Chishti Order (Wikipedia; lead only, silsila list from Zakariyya Kandhalvi, Mashaikh-e-Chisht, per its citations)Checked against
- Trimingham, Sufi Orders in Islam (1971), trimingham_sufi-orders-in-islam_1971.txt#L3992-4003 · agreesQutb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī became Muʿīn al-Dīn's khalifa in Delhi; Trimingham d. 633/1236, atlas 1228.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'ČEŠTĪYA' (Gerhard Böwering), Vol. V, Fasc. 3, pp. 333-336, section History · silentNames Quṭb al-Dīn Bakhtiyār Kākī as an immigrant dervish at Delhi but gives no master.
- Syed Ilmuddin Ali Khanسيد علم الدين علي خان
one sourcein Chishtiyya (Chishti order)omits: the generations between Muʿīn al-Dīn and Syed Ilmuddin Ali Khan.
family descent · Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī to Syed Ilmuddin Ali Khan · One source
The Ajmer dewans are the hereditary sajjāda-nishīn lineage descended from Muʿīn al-Dīn (family account, press and Wikipedia); intermediate generations omitted.
Wikipedia (tertiary), 'Syed Zainul Abedin'Checked against
- Wikipedia 'Syed Zainul Abedin', Lineage · agreesDescribes descent from Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti; generation counts inconsistent.
How to cite
Mashraba Reader, Atlas of transmission, “Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Chishtī”, https://www.mashraba.org/atlas/figure/muin-al-din-chishti (data of 31 October 2026).