Atlas
About this atlas
The atlas holds the chains of transmission from the Prophet as the standard references and the classical sources record them: the Sufi orders, the chains of Qurʾān recitation, the teachers of the schools of law and ḥadīth, and the lines of the Prophet's family, with the places they spread and the living houses and teachers who carry them today. Every link shows its sources; where they differ, both readings are shown, and we do not rule on any community's claims. Ibn ʿArabī's own life, teachers and readers are on their own page.
ورش
Warsh (ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd)
Died 197 AH · born 110 AH · Cairo
Rāwī of Nāfiʿ; went to Medina and read four complete recitations to Nāfiʿ in 155 AH, then led recitation in Egypt
Sources for this person
The chain up to the Prophet
Dates are given where the sources give them. Years are CE; the Hijri year is in each name's detail.
Route 1 of 3, the best-sourced: Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings. Tap a rule to read its basis, sources and checks.
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · The Prophet Muhammad to Ubayy b. Kaʿb · Two independent sources
Ibn al-Jazarī: the Companion read the Qurʾān to the Messenger of God (the isnād ends here in each chain).
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2836-2840Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L789 · agrees (not independent)Entry: he read the Qurʾān to the Prophet.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L193 · agreesEntry: he read the Qurʾān to the Prophet.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L136-L140 · agreesRijāl of Nāfiʿ: chain ends Ubayy, then the Prophet.
Ubayy b. Kaʿbأبي بن كعب654two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · Ubayy b. Kaʿb to ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās · Two independent sources
Ibn ʿAbbās read to Ubayy b. Kaʿb and to Zayd b. Thābit.
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2834-2837Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L11895 · agrees (not independent)Entry: presented the whole Qurʾān to Ubayy and Zayd.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L371 · agreesEntry: read to Ubayy.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L141-L144 · agreesRijāl of Ibn Kathīr: Ibn ʿAbbās from Ubayy and Zayd.
ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbāsعبد الله بن عباس687two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Hurmuz al-Aʿraj · Two independent sources
al-Aʿraj read to Ibn ʿAbbās and Abū Hurayra and ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAyyāsh.
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2831-2834Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L10700 · agrees (not independent)Entry: al-Aʿraj read to Abū Hurayra, Ibn ʿAbbās and ʿAbdallāh b. ʿAyyāsh.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L838 · agreesEntry: al-Aʿraj read to Abū Hurayra, Ibn ʿAbbās and Ibn ʿAyyāsh.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L136-L140 · agreesRijāl of Nāfiʿ: the five took from Abū Hurayra, Ibn ʿAbbās and Ibn ʿAyyāsh (general, not per man).
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Hurmuz al-Aʿrajعبد الرحمن بن هرمز الأعرج735two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Hurmuz al-Aʿraj to Nāfiʿ b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Madanī · Two independent sources
Among the Successors Nāfiʿ read to: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Hurmuz al-Aʿraj.
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2830-2832Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L26054 · agrees (not independent)Entry: Nāfiʿ read to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Hurmuz al-Aʿraj.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L1314 · agreesEntry: Nāfiʿ read to al-Aʿraj.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L136-L140 · agreesRijāl of Nāfiʿ: al-Aʿraj among five.
Nāfiʿ b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Madanīنافع بن عبد الرحمنc. 786two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · Nāfiʿ b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Madanī to Warsh (ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd) · Two independent sources
Warsh travelled to Medina and read four complete recitations to Nāfiʿ in 155 AH.
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2858-2861Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L13925 · agrees (not independent)Entry (Nāfiʿ-side wording): Warsh presented the Qurʾān to him in 155.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L2031 · agreesEntry names Nāfiʿ as his teacher.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L174-L188 · agreesIsnād of Warsh: reads to Nāfiʿ.
Warsh (ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd)ورشc. 813
Other routes (2)
Route 2 of 3: Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · The Prophet Muhammad to Ubayy b. Kaʿb · Two independent sources
Ibn al-Jazarī: the Companion read the Qurʾān to the Messenger of God (the isnād ends here in each chain).
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2836-2840Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L789 · agrees (not independent)Entry: he read the Qurʾān to the Prophet.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L193 · agreesEntry: he read the Qurʾān to the Prophet.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L136-L140 · agreesRijāl of Nāfiʿ: chain ends Ubayy, then the Prophet.
Ubayy b. Kaʿbأبي بن كعب654two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · Ubayy b. Kaʿb to ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās · Two independent sources
Ibn ʿAbbās read to Ubayy b. Kaʿb and to Zayd b. Thābit.
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2834-2837Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L11895 · agrees (not independent)Entry: presented the whole Qurʾān to Ubayy and Zayd.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L371 · agreesEntry: read to Ubayy.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L141-L144 · agreesRijāl of Ibn Kathīr: Ibn ʿAbbās from Ubayy and Zayd.
ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbāsعبد الله بن عباس687two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās to Abū Jaʿfar Yazīd b. al-Qaʿqāʿ · Two independent sources
Abū Jaʿfar read to Ibn ʿAbbās.
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 4478-4480Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L27515 · agrees (not independent)Entry: Abū Jaʿfar read to Ibn ʿAbbās.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L371 · agreesIbn ʿAbbās entry lists Abū Jaʿfar among his readers.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L136-L140 · agreesRijāl of Nāfiʿ: general statement.
Abū Jaʿfar Yazīd b. al-Qaʿqāʿأبو جعفر يزيد بن القعقاعc. 748two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · Abū Jaʿfar Yazīd b. al-Qaʿqāʿ to Nāfiʿ b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Madanī · Two independent sources
Nāfiʿ read to seventy Successors, among them Abū Jaʿfar (Ibn al-Jazarī names Abū Jaʿfar first).
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2830-2832Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L26054 · agrees (not independent)Entry: Nāfiʿ read to Abū Jaʿfar al-Qāriʾ among his teachers.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L1314 · agreesEntry: Nāfiʿ read to Abū Jaʿfar.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L136-L140 · agreesRijāl of Nāfiʿ: Abū Jaʿfar first of five.
Nāfiʿ b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Madanīنافع بن عبد الرحمنc. 786two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · Nāfiʿ b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Madanī to Warsh (ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd) · Two independent sources
Warsh travelled to Medina and read four complete recitations to Nāfiʿ in 155 AH.
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2858-2861Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L13925 · agrees (not independent)Entry (Nāfiʿ-side wording): Warsh presented the Qurʾān to him in 155.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L2031 · agreesEntry names Nāfiʿ as his teacher.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L174-L188 · agreesIsnād of Warsh: reads to Nāfiʿ.
Warsh (ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd)ورشc. 813
Route 3 of 3: Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
- The Prophet Muhammadمحمد632
two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · The Prophet Muhammad to Ubayy b. Kaʿb · Two independent sources
Ibn al-Jazarī: the Companion read the Qurʾān to the Messenger of God (the isnād ends here in each chain).
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2836-2840Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L789 · agrees (not independent)Entry: he read the Qurʾān to the Prophet.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L193 · agreesEntry: he read the Qurʾān to the Prophet.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L136-L140 · agreesRijāl of Nāfiʿ: chain ends Ubayy, then the Prophet.
Ubayy b. Kaʿbأبي بن كعب654two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · Ubayy b. Kaʿb to Abū Hurayra · Two independent sources
Ibn ʿAbbās, Abū Hurayra and Ibn ʿAyyāsh read to Ubayy b. Kaʿb.
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2834-2836Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L10410 · agrees (not independent)Entry: he took the Qurʾān by ʿarḍ from Ubayy.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L348 · agreesEntry: he read to Ubayy.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L136-L140 · agreesRijāl of Nāfiʿ: Abū Hurayra and others from Ubayy.
Abū Hurayraأبو هريرة678two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · Abū Hurayra to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Hurmuz al-Aʿraj · Two independent sources
al-Aʿraj read to Ibn ʿAbbās and Abū Hurayra and ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAyyāsh.
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2831-2834Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L10700 · agrees (not independent)Entry: most of his transmission is from Abū Hurayra.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L838 · agreesEntry: read to Abū Hurayra.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L136-L140 · agreesRijāl of Nāfiʿ: the five took from Abū Hurayra (general).
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Hurmuz al-Aʿrajعبد الرحمن بن هرمز الأعرج735two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Hurmuz al-Aʿraj to Nāfiʿ b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Madanī · Two independent sources
Among the Successors Nāfiʿ read to: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Hurmuz al-Aʿraj.
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2830-2832Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L26054 · agrees (not independent)Entry: Nāfiʿ read to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Hurmuz al-Aʿraj.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L1314 · agreesEntry: Nāfiʿ read to al-Aʿraj.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L136-L140 · agreesRijāl of Nāfiʿ: al-Aʿraj among five.
Nāfiʿ b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Madanīنافع بن عبد الرحمنc. 786two sourcesin Qirāʾāt: the ten canonical readings
read the Qurʾān to · Nāfiʿ b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Madanī to Warsh (ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd) · Two independent sources
Warsh travelled to Medina and read four complete recitations to Nāfiʿ in 155 AH.
Ibn al-Jazarī, al-Nashr fī l-qirāʾāt al-ʿashr, OpenITI 0833IbnJazari.Nashr.Shamela0022642-ara1, lines 2858-2861Checked against
- Ibn al-Jazarī, Ghāyat al-nihāya (same author as al-Nashr; not independent), 0833IbnJazari.GhayatNihaya.Shamela0012040-ara1.completed#L13925 · agrees (not independent)Entry (Nāfiʿ-side wording): Warsh presented the Qurʾān to him in 155.
- al-Dhahabī, Maʿrifat al-qurrāʾ al-kibār, 0748Dhahabi.MacrifaQurraKibar.Shamela0008349-ara2#L2031 · agreesEntry names Nāfiʿ as his teacher.
- al-Dānī, al-Taysīr fī l-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ, 0444AbuCamrDani.TaysirFiQiraatSabc.Shamela0005527-ara1#L174-L188 · agreesIsnād of Warsh: reads to Nāfiʿ.
Warsh (ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd)ورشc. 813
How to read the marks
- Two sources: a solid rule. Two independent references give the same link.
- One source: a lighter rule, so labelled.
- The community's own account: a dotted rule. The order tells it; we have not yet read it against a reference source.
- A gap in the rule: the sources omit names between the two. The label says which.
- The sources differ: tap the ≠ to read each reading with its source.
- A ring: a spiritual link, without a meeting (uwaysī).
Who received from Warsh (ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd)
No one is recorded below this person in the sources read.
How to cite
Mashraba Reader, Atlas of transmission, “Warsh (ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd)”, https://www.mashraba.org/atlas/figure/warsh (data of 31 October 2026).