Mashrabaمشربة

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One passage at a time. Each column is a commentator; each row gathers the comments on the same words, so readings and emphases can be compared.

فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ إِلَهِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ آدَمِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶10 in the text

10 · 60 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

وَمَعْلُومٌ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الأُمُورَ الكُلِّيَّةَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ مَعْقُولَةً فَإِنَّهَا مَعْدُومَةُ العَيْنِ مَوْجُودَةُ الحُكْمِ كَمَا هِيَ مَحْكُومٌ عَلَيْهَا إِذَا نُسِبَتْ إِلَى المَوْجُودِ العَيْنِيِّ فَتَقْبَلُ الحُكْمَ فِي الأَعْيَانِ المَوْجُودَةِ وَلَا تَقْبَلُ التَّفَصِيلَ وَلَا التَّجَزِّي فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مُحَالٌ عَلَيْهَا فَإِنَّهَا بِذَاتِهَا فِي كُلِّ مَوْصُوفٍ بِهَا كَالإِنْسَانِيَّةِ فِي كُلِّ شَخْصٍ شَخْصٌ مِنْ هَذَا النَّوْعِ الخَاصِّ لَمْ تَتَفَصَّلْ وَلَمْ تَتَعَدَّدْ بِتَعَدُّدِ الأَشْخَاصِ وَلَا بَرِحَتْ مَعْقُولَةً

And it is known that these universal matters, even though they are intelligible, are nonexistent in entity [yet] existent in ruling property, just as they are ruled over when they are related to the concrete existent. So they receive the ruling property in the existent entities, yet they do not receive differentiation or division, for that is impossible for them. For they are, by their very selves, in each thing described by them, like humanness in each and every individual of this particular species: it has not been differentiated, nor has it become multiple through the multiplicity of individuals, and it has never ceased to be intelligible.

al-Jandī

﴿ومعلوم أنّ هذه الأمور وإن كانت معقولة﴾

أي لها وجود في العقل والعلم

i.e., they have existence in the intellect and in knowledge

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ومعلوم أن هذه الأمور الكلية وإن كانت معقولة﴾

أي، موجودة في العقل قوله: (فإنها معدومة في العين) أي، في الخارج، إذ لا ذات في الخارج يسمى بالحياة والعلم قوله

i.e., existent in the intellect (al-ʿaql). His saying: (for they are nonexistent in the concrete) i.e., in the external [world] (al-khārij), since there is no essence (dhāt) in the external [world] that is called "life" or "knowledge." His saying

al-Tilimsānī

﴿ومعلوم أن هذه الأمور الكلية وإن كانت معقولة فإنها معدومة العين موجودة الحكم.﴾

فأقول: إن أمثلة المعدوم في ذاته الموجود الحكم في غيره، الفرق الذي يتوهمه البصر بين الشمس والظل، فإن العقل يعلم أنه ما بين الشمس والظل أمر ثالث يفصل وربما يتوهم الحس أن هناك ثالثا يفصل بين الشمس والظل و یسمی أمثال هذ "برازخ" ولي شعر في وصف البرزخ وهو ما صورته،: حقيقة ميزت من القدم ….. محفوفة في الوجود بالعدم حبيبة لم تزل مخيلة ….. كما يزور الخيال في الحلم لكنها قد أتت مؤكدة %~% معنى وجود الحدوث في القدم بدت فأبدت مالا وجود له %~% في ذاته للبليد والفهم وليس منها الظهور يدركه …… إلا الذي رأمها ولم یرم وقلت أيضا شعرا على لسانها: تنزهت عن ذل الوجود فليس لي …… مكان له عين الحقيقة ترمق وسبحني قدسي فلا السر ناظر …… إلي ولا معنى من الوهم يطرق ولي منزل قد عز عن أين أو متى …… وكيف وما رسم به يتعلق أحطت ولكن لم أحط أجل أنني ….. أحطت فللاطلاق بالقيد أوثق ومن یکن الإطلاق قيدا لمثله …… فذلك من شيئية السبقه أسبق يمر الوجود الصرف طوع إرادتي ….. إلى غاية من رقها ليس يعتق فأشهدني فيه بعيني واجتلي …….. بإفاقه بدرا بمعاني يشرق وقد كنت جعلتها في ضمن أبيات في مدح رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، بنسبة يقال شفاها. وأما قوله: ( لم تنفصل ولم تتعدد بتعدد الأشخاص. قلت: هذا كله مبني على ما رآه الحكماء) وأما قوله: (فارتباط الموجودات بعضها ببعض أقرب، إلى قوله : ثم ليعلم أنه ). قلت: مقصوده، رضي الله عنه، أن يشير إلى التوحيد الوجودي لكنه لم يرى هنا أن يصرح بذلك وقد صرح به في غير هذا الموضع تصريحا کشف معه المغطي وهاهنا ستره. وأما قوله: (ثم ليعلم أنه لما كان الأمر على ما قلناه من ظهوره بصورته ، أحالنا تعالى في العلم به على النظر في الحادث و ذكر أنه أرانا آياته فيه فاستدللنا بنا عليه. فما وصفناه بوصف إلا كنا نحن ذلك الوصف إلا الوجوب الخاص الذاتي. فلما علمناه بنا و منا نسبنا إليه كل ما نسبناه إلينا. و بذلك وردت الإخبارات الإلهية على ألسنة التراجم إلينا. فوصف نفسه لنا بنا: فإذا شهدناه شهدنا نفوسنا، و إذا شهدنا شهد نفسه. و لا نشك أنا كثيرون بالشخص و النوع، و أنا و إن كنا على حقيقة واحدة تجمعنا فنعلم قطعا أن ثم فارقا به تميزت الأشخاص بعضها عن بعض، و لولا ذلك ما كانت الكثرة في الواحد. ، فكذلك أيضا، و إن وصفنا بما وصف نفسه من جميع الوجوه فلا بد من فارق، و ليس إلا افتقارنا إليه في الوجود و توقف وجودنا عليه لإمكاننا و غناه عن مثل ما افتقرنا إليه. إلى قوله: فهذا صح له الأزل والقدم. ) قلت: هو، رضي الله عنه، قد قصد التوطئة لأن يجعل صفات الخليفة هي صفات المستخلف ليرد الأمر كله إلى عين واحدة هي وجوده تعالى وكأنه استشهد بقوله تعالی: "سنريهم آياتنا في الآفاق وفي أنفسهم حتى يتبين لهم أنه الحق" (فصلت: 53). ثم ستر ذلك بذكر الوجوب الخاص الذاتي وهذه مصانعة منه، رضي الله عنه، للمحجوبين حتى لا ينفروا من قوله: نسبنا إليه كل ما نسبناه إلينا وزاد ذلك بيانا بقوله

I say: An example of that which is nonexistent in itself yet existent in its ruling within something other than itself is the distinction imagined by sight between the sun and the shadow. For the intellect knows that there is no third thing between the sun and the shadow that separates them, though sense-perception may imagine that there is a third thing separating the sun from the shadow. The likes of this are called "isthmuses" (barāzikh, sing. barzakh). And I have verses describing the isthmus (barzakh), which run thus: A reality distinguished from pre-eternity (al-qidam), ..... surrounded in existence by nonexistence, A beloved, ever imagined, ..... as imagination visits in a dream. Yet she came, confirming ..... the meaning of the existence of origination (ḥudūth) within pre-eternity (qidam). She appeared, and thus made manifest that which has no existence ..... in itself, for the dull-witted and the discerning alike. And her manifestation is grasped by none ..... except him who has sought her and did not desist. And I also composed verses spoken on her tongue: I am exalted above the abasement of existence, so there is no ..... place for me that the eye of Reality (al-ḥaqīqa) beholds. My holiness (quds) glorifies me, so neither does the secret (sirr) gaze ..... upon me, nor does any meaning from illusion (wahm) intrude. I have a station too exalted for "where" or "when" ..... or "how," and nothing delineated attaches to it. I have encompassed, yet I have not been encompassed - indeed, ..... I have encompassed, for the absolute (al-iṭlāq) is more firmly secured by restriction (al-qayd). And whoever has absoluteness as a restriction for his like, ..... that one is more precedent in the "thing-ness" of precedence. Pure existence passes in submission to my will ..... toward a limit whose bondage is never released. So make me witness Him therein with my own eye, and let me behold ..... upon awakening, a full moon shining forth with meanings. I had set these within a poem in praise of the Messenger of God, God bless him and grant him peace, by way of an attribution said to have been [given] orally. As for his saying: ("...it is not separated, nor does it become multiple by the multiplicity of individuals"), I say: all of this is built upon what the philosophers (al-ḥukamāʾ) held. As for his saying: ("So the interconnection of existent things with one another is closer..." down to his saying: "then let it be known that..."), I say: his intent, may God be pleased with him, was to allude to existential oneness (al-tawḥīd al-wujūdī), but he did not deem it fit here to declare that explicitly - though he has declared it explicitly elsewhere, an explicit declaration by which the veil was lifted, whereas here he has concealed it. As for his saying: ("Then let it be known that, since the matter is as we have said regarding His manifestation in [Adam's] form, He - exalted is He - referred us, in the knowledge of Him, to reflection upon the originated (al-ḥādith), and mentioned that He showed us His signs within it, so that we inferred Him by means of ourselves. We never described Him with any description except that we ourselves were that description - excepting the specific essential necessity (al-wujūb al-khāṣṣ al-dhātī). So since we came to know Him through us and from us, we ascribed to Him everything that we ascribed to ourselves. And it is by this that the divine reports came to us upon the tongues of the interpreters (al-tarājim). Thus He described Himself to us by means of us: so when we witness Him, we witness ourselves, and when we witness [ourselves], He witnesses Himself. And we do not doubt that we are many in person and in species, and that, although we share one reality (ḥaqīqa) uniting us, we know with certainty that there is a differentiating factor by which individuals are distinguished one from another - for were it not for that, there would be no multiplicity within the one. Likewise, then, even if we are described with all that He described of Himself in every respect, there must still be a differentiating factor, and it is nothing other than our need for Him in existence and the dependence of our existence upon Him owing to our contingency (imkān), and His independence from the like of that which we need" - down to his saying: "thus eternity a parte ante (al-azal) and pre-eternity (al-qidam) are rightly established for Him"), I say: he, may God be pleased with him, intended this as a preamble by which to make the attributes of the vicegerent (al-khalīfa) identical with the attributes of the One who appoints [him] as vicegerent (al-mustakhlif), so as to return the entire matter to a single entity (ʿayn wāḥida), namely His existence, exalted is He. It is as though he adduced as evidence His saying, exalted is He: "We shall show them Our signs in the horizons and in themselves, until it becomes clear to them that He is the Real" (Fuṣṣilat 41:53). Then he concealed that by mentioning the specific essential necessity, and this is a diplomatic accommodation (muṣānaʿa) on his part, may God be pleased with him, toward the veiled ones, so that they would not recoil from his saying: "we ascribed to Him everything that we ascribed to ourselves." And he further clarified this in his saying...

Ibn Turka

﴿أنّ هذه الأمور الكلَّية وإن كانت معقولة﴾

بهذا الاعتبار

in this respect

Jāmī

﴿ومعلوم أن هذه الأمور الكلية وإن كانت معقولة﴾

من حيث كليته

in respect of their universality

Bālī Zāde

﴿ومعلوم أن هذه الكلية وإن كانت معقولة فإنها معدومة العين﴾

أي لا عين لها في الخارج يسمى بالحياة أو العلم

that is, it has no entity (ʿayn) in the external world, [as] is called life or knowledge

Bosnevî

﴿ومعلوم أن هذه الامور الكلية وان كانت معقولة فانها معدومة العين موجودة الحكم﴾

ومعلوم محققدر که بوامور کلیه اگرچه کیم معقوله در یعنی آنلرک وجودی علم ایله مقلده در پس تحقیق انار معدومة العیندر وموجودة الحکمدر یعنی بونلرک وجود عینیسی بوقدر نهایت حکماری موجوده در یعنی وجود عینی اوزره حاکه در

And it is known [and] verified that these umūr kulliyya (universal matters), although they are intelligible, that is, [although] their wujūd (being) is delimited by knowledge, are verily non-existent in ʿayn (entity) and existent in ruling. That is, they have no wujūd ʿaynī (entitative being); at most their rulings are existent, that is, they rule over entitative being.

al-Jandī

﴿فإنّها معدومة العين موجودة الحكم﴾

يعني في الوجود العيني ، لأنّها لم تتعيّن في الوجود تعيّنا شخصيا غيرها من الأعيان الموجودة . وإلَّا لكانت شخصية ، وأشير إليها ، ولم تكن كلَّية .قال رضي الله عنه

meaning: in concrete existence (al-wujūd al-ʿaynī), because they have not become entified in existence with a particular entification (taʿayyun shakhṣī) distinct from the other existent entities (aʿyān). Otherwise they would be particular, indicated as such, and would not be universal. He (may God be pleased with him) said:

Ibn Turka

﴿فإنّها معدومة العين﴾

من حيث هي كذلك

insofar as they are such

Jāmī

﴿فإنها معدومة العين و﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الذات في الخارج من هذه الحيثية

essence (dhāt) in the external world from this respect

al-Qayṣarī

﴿موجودة الحكم﴾

أي، على الأعيان الموجودة. قوله

i.e., over the existent entities (al-aʿyān al-mawjūda). His saying

Ibn Turka

﴿موجودة الحكم﴾

فقط كما عرفت من أنّ الأوصاف حاكمة على من قامت به بذلك الوصف . ولا يخفى على من سلمت ذائقة ذوقه عن شوائب الأخلاط الخارجيّة أنّه يمكن أن يكون الأمور في عدمها مبدأ للحكم ، محكوما به

only, as you have learned that the attributes rule over that in which they subsist through that attribute. It is not hidden from one whose taste (dhawq) is free from the admixtures of external confusions that things, in their nonexistence, can be a principle for the ruling, being judged by [that ruling]

Jāmī

﴿موجودة الحكم﴾

على الأعيان الموجودة

upon the existent entities (al-aʿyān al-mawjūda)

Bālī Zāde

﴿موجودة الحكم﴾

على الموجود العيني

with respect to the entified existent (al-mawjūd al-ʿaynī)

al-Jandī

﴿كما هي محكوم عليها إذا نسبت إلى الموجود العيني .فتقبل الحكم في الأعيان الموجودة﴾

فإنّ ظهورها في الأعيان بحسبه

for their manifestation in the entities is according to it (the ruling)

al-Qayṣarī

﴿كما هي محكوم عليها إذا نسبت إلى الموجود العيني﴾

أي، كما يحكم الموجودات عليها بالحدوث والقدم، وبأنها عين الذات أو غيرها. قوله

i.e., just as the existents rule over them with respect to origination (ḥudūth) and eternity (qidam), and with respect to whether they are identical with the Essence (al-dhāt) or other than it. His saying

Ibn Turka

﴿كما هي محكوم عليها ، إذا نسبت إلى الموجود العيني﴾

وانتظم رقيقة التناسب من الطرفين انتظاما دوريّا ، فإنّه حينئذ يحصل منهما هيأة وحدانيّة تتّحد بها تلك الأمور قال رضي الله عنه

, and the subtle correspondence (riqqa) between the two sides is arranged in a circular arrangement, for then a unitary configuration (hayʾa waḥdāniyya) results from the two, by which those matters become united. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿كما هي﴾

أي الأمور الكلية

i.e., the universal matters

Bālī Zāde

﴿كما هي محكوم عليه إذا نسبت إلى الموجود العيني﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وكون المعدوم مؤثرة في الموجود و متأثرة فيه وكذلك الموجود مؤثرة فيه ومتأثرة منه من عجائب قدرة الله تعالى.أن في ذلك لعبرة لأولي الأبصار (فتقبل) هذه الأمور الكلية (الحكم) من الأعيان الموجودة (في) انتسابها إلى

— the fact that the nonexistent is influential upon the existent and is influenced by it, and likewise the existent is influential upon it and influenced by it, is among the wonders of God's power, Exalted is He. Indeed in that there is a lesson for those possessed of insight. (So these universal matters) accept (ruling) from the existent entities (in) their relation (nisba) to

Bosnevî

﴿كماهي محكوم عليها اذا نسبت الي الوجود العيني فتقبل الحكم في الاعيان الموجودة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(نته کیم اول امور کلیه محکوم علیها در حتکم وجود عینی به نسبت اولنسهلر پس انلر اعیان موجوده ده محل حسبیله اولان حکم مخصوصی قبول ابدرار یعنی امور کایه وجود عینی به نسبت اولندقده اعیان* موجوده ده اعیان حسبیله حکمی قبول ایدر پس علم مثلا حقه نسبت اولندقده قدم حکمنی قبول ایدر وآنک اوزره قدیم در دیوحکم اولنور وحادثه نسبت اولند قده کذلک حدوث حکمنی قبول ایدر وآنک اوزره حادثدر دیو حکم اولنور وکذلک اعیان موجوده دن هر برعینه نسبت اولنور اول عینک خصوصیتی حسیله پس امور کلیه وجود عینی به نسبت اولندقده موجودة الحکمدر وهر عینده اول عین حسبیله برحکم ایله محکوم علیها در

(Just as those umūr kulliyya (universal matters) are judged upon when they are related to wujūd ʿaynī (entitative being), so they accept, in the existent aʿyān (entities), the particular ruling that is according to the maḥall (locus). That is, when the universal matters are related to entitative being, they accept in the existent entities the ruling according to the entities. So knowledge, for example, when related to the Ḥaqq (the Real), accepts the ruling of eternity, and it is judged of it: "it is eternal". And when related to the originated, it likewise accepts the ruling of origination, and it is judged of it: "it is originated". Likewise, it is related to each entity among the existent entities according to the particularity of that entity. So the universal matters, when related to entitative being, are existent in ruling, and in every entity they are judged upon with a ruling according to that entity.

Words 16–17 · 1 of 7

مَحْكُومٌ عَلَيْهَا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿محكوم عليها﴾

بالندم والحدوث مثل

by pre-eternity (qidam) and origination (ḥudūth), for example

Jāmī

﴿إذا نسبت إلى الوجود المبني فتقبل﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الأمور الكلية (الحكم) عليها بالقدم والحدوث مثلا عند تحققه

the ruling of pre-eternity and origination, for example, upon its actualization

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فتقبل الحكم من الأعيان الموجودة ولا تقبل التفصيل ولا التجزي، فإن ذلك محال عليها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي، تقبل تلك الأمور الكليةالحكم من الموجودات العينية حال كونها عارضة عليها، ولا تقبل التفصيل ولا التجزي. وذلك لأن الحقيقة الكلية إن انقسمت، ففي كل من أقسامها: إن بقيت بأعيانها،فلا انقسام كالإنسانية في كل شخص، وإن بقيت دون عينها، فعين تلك الحقيقة منعدمة حينئذ لانعدام بعضها، وإن لم يبق فكذلك أيضا. هذا مع أن الحقيقة البسيطة لا يمكن أن يطرء عليها التجزي أصلا. قوله

i.e., these universal matters accept ruling from the concretely existent [things] insofar as they supervene upon them, but they do not accept differentiation or division. This is because if the universal reality (al-ḥaqīqa al-kulliyya) were divided, then in each of its parts: if it remained with its very identity intact, there would be no division—as with humanness (al-insāniyya) in each individual; and if it remained without its [full] identity, then the very reality (ʿayn) of that reality would be nonexistent at that point, due to the nonexistence of part of it; and if nothing of it remained, likewise. This is quite apart from the fact that the simple reality (al-ḥaqīqa al-basīṭa) cannot possibly be subject to division at all. His saying

Ibn Turka

﴿فتقبل الحكم في الأعيان الموجودة﴾

بهذا الارتباط ، أي عند ظهور الكلي بالذات بصورة أثره في الأعيان معرّى عن عروض الكليّة إيّاه . فعلم أنّ معروض الكلَّي بعينه في الأعيان ، كما علم من أضرابه السابق ، وإلَّا فالمطابق من العبارة أن يقال : « من الأعيان » ، فإيراد « في » ها هنا لهذه الدقيقة . ثمّ إنّ معروض الكلَّي وإن قبل الحكم في الأعيان على ما مرّ ( و ) لكن ( لا تقبل التفصيل ) عقلا تفصيل الجنس بفصله فيه

through this connection, that is, when the universal (al-kullī) manifests essentially in the form of its effect in the entities, stripped of the accidental occurrence of universality upon it. Thus it is known that the substrate of the universal (maʿrūḍ al-kullī) is itself present in the entities, as is known from its previous counterparts; otherwise the fitting expression would be to say 'from the entities' (min al-aʿyān), so the use of 'in' (fī) here is for this subtle point. Then, although the substrate of the universal accepts the ruling in the entities as has passed, (yet) it does not rationally accept differentiation (al-tafṣīl) - i.e., the differentiation of the genus by its differentia within it

Jāmī

﴿في الأعيان الموجودة﴾

المتكثرة فإن الشيء ما لم يتحقق بنصف بالقدم والحدوث (و) لكنه (لا تقبل التفصيل والتجزي) بحسب تعدد تلك الأعيان وكثرتها

For the thing, so long as it has not been actualized as qualified by pre-eternity and origination, (yet) it (does not admit differentiation and division) according to the multiplicity and plurality of those entities

Bālī Zāde

﴿الأعيان الموجودة ولا تقبل التفصيل … ولا التجزي﴾

أي الانقسام والحال أنها من أحكام الموجود العيني

that is, partition — whereas that belongs to the rulings of the entified existent

al-Jandī

﴿ولا تقبل التفصيل ولا التجزّي فإنّ ذلك محال عليها فإنّها بذاتها في كل موصوف بها﴾

يعني : أنّ الإضافة والنسبة لا تخرجها عن حقائقها كما قرّرنا .قال رضي الله عنه

meaning: that ascription (iḍāfa) and relation (nisba) do not remove them from their realities (ḥaqāʾiq), as we have established. He (may God be pleased with him) said:

Bosnevî

﴿ولا تقبل التفصيل ولا التجزي فان ذلك محال عليها فإنها ظاهرة بذاتها في كل موصوف بها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وامور کلیه تفصیلی ودخی تجزی بی قبول اتمز یعنی امور کلیه اعیان متعد ده حسبیله ظاهره اولقله تفصیلی وتجزی بی قبول اتمز زیرا تفصیل وتجزی امور کلیه اوزره محالدر زیرا امور کلیه آندر ایله موصوف اولان جمیع اعیانده ذاتیله ظاهره در پس امور کلیه آنلرک موصوفی اولان اعیان متعدده حسبیله ذاتیله ظاهره اولد قده تفصیل وتجزی آنلرده محال وغیر ممکندر

And the umūr kulliyya (universal matters) do not accept tafṣīl (differentiation) nor tajazzī (partition). That is, the universal matters, being manifest according to the multiple aʿyān (entities), do not accept differentiation and partition, because differentiation and partition are impossible with respect to the universal matters: the universal matters are manifest by their essence in all the entities that are qualified by them. So since the universal matters are manifest by their essence according to the multiple entities that are qualified by them, differentiation and partition in them is impossible and not possible.

Words 31–32 · 1 of 7

وَلَا التَّجَزِّي

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿ولا التجزّي﴾

خارجا . تجزية المواد الهيولانيّة والأجزاء الوجوديّة بصورها المشخّصة إيّاها فيه

externally - the division of hylic matters and existential parts by their forms that individuate them within it

Ibn Turka

﴿فإنّ ذلك محال عليها﴾

أي على الأمور الكلَّيه ومعروضاته

i.e., for the universal matters and their substrates

Jāmī

﴿فإن ذلك﴾

التفصيل والتجزي

differentiation and division

Bālī Zāde

﴿فإن ذلك﴾

التفصيل والتجزيء

[refers to] detailed differentiation and division

Jāmī

﴿محال عليها﴾

أي على الأمور الكلية

i.e., in regard to the universal matters

Bālī Zāde

﴿محال عليها فإنها بذاتها … في كل موصوف بها﴾

فلا يمكن التعدد في نفسها باعتبار تعدد موصوفاتها.ولما كان في هذا الكلام نوع خفاء أراد أن يبينه على الوجه الأوضح وأبرزه بقوله (كالإنسانية) وهي حقيقة معقولة وكلي طبيعي للإنسان موجود في كل شخص شخص من هذا النوع الخاص، مع أنه (لم ينفصل ولم يتمدد بتعدد الأشخاص ولا برحت معقولة) ولا زالت معقولة مع كونها موجودة في موصوفاتها.ولما بين أصلا كلي وهو الارتباط بين الموجودات والمعدومات لتوقف ما هو المقصود عليه وهو الارتباط بين الحق والخلق.أراد أن يبين ما هو المقصود بقوله

qualified by it] so multiplicity cannot occur in it in itself by virtue of the multiplicity of the things qualified by it. And since there was a kind of obscurity in this discourse, he wished to clarify it in the clearest manner, bringing it out through his statement (like humanity, al-insāniyyah), which is an intelligible reality and a natural universal (al-kullī al-ṭabīʿī) for the human, existing in every single individual of this particular species, while nevertheless (it does not become separated nor extended through the multiplicity of individuals, nor does it cease to be intelligible) — it remains intelligible even while existing in the things qualified by it. And having explained a universal principle — namely the connection between existents and nonexistents, since what is intended depends upon it, namely the connection between the Real and creation — he wished to clarify what is intended by his statement

al-Qayṣarī

﴿فإنها بذاتها في كل موصوف بها، كالإنسانية في كل شخص شخص من هذا النوع الخاص لم تتفصل ولم تتعدد بتعدد الأشخاص﴾

أي، فإن تلك الحقيقةالكلية بذاتها موجودة في كل موصوف بها، كالانسانية، وهو الكلى الطبيعي الذي للإنسان، فإنها موجودة في كل شخص شخص من هذا النوع، ولم تتفصل ولمتتعدد بتعدد الأشخاص. فإن قلت: الحصة التي في (زيد) منها، غير الحصة التي في (عمرو) منها، فتتفصل بهذاالاعتبار. قلت: إن أردت بالحصة بعض تلك الحقيقة فغير صحيح، لأن البعض غيرالكل فلا يكون تلك الحقيقة في شئ من الأفراد. وإن أردت أن تلك الحقيقة تكتنف بعوارض مشخصة لها في زيد فتصير بهذا الاعتبار غير الحقيقة المكتنفة بعوارض أخر التي لعمرو، فمسلم. ولا يلزم منه التفصيل في نفس الحقيقة، وهكذا الحقيقة الجنسية بالنسبة إلى أنواعها، لأنها في كل نوع منها مع عدم التجزي والتعدد

i.e., that universal reality is, by its very essence, existent in every subject qualified by it, like humanness, which is the natural universal (al-kullī al-ṭabīʿī) belonging to man; for it is existent in each and every individual of this species, without being differentiated or multiplied by the multiplicity of individuals. Now if you should say: the portion (ḥiṣṣa) of it that is in Zayd is other than the portion of it that is in ʿAmr, so it is differentiated in this respect—I would say: if by "portion" you mean part of that reality, this is not correct, since the part is other than the whole, and so that reality would not be in any of the individuals [at all]. But if you mean that that reality becomes enveloped by concomitants (ʿawāriḍ) which particularize it in Zayd, and thereby becomes, in this respect, other than the reality enveloped by the other concomitants belonging to ʿAmr—this is granted. But it does not follow from this that there is differentiation in the reality itself. And likewise the generic reality (al-ḥaqīqa al-jinsiyya) in relation to its species, for it is present in each of its species without division or multiplication

Ibn Turka

﴿فإنّها بذاتها في كلّ موصوف بها ، كالإنسانيّة في كلّ شخص شخص من هذا النوع الخاصّ ، لم تتفصّل ولم تتعدّد بتعدّد الأشخاص﴾

فلو كانت مفصّلة أو مجزّأة لكان في كلّ شخص منه حصّة جزئيّة منها ، أو جزء ، فلا تكون بذاتها فيه - على ما هو مقتضى الطبيعة النوعيّة المحصّلة بالذات ، وذلك هو الذي يصلح لعروض التشخّص إيّاه . الحقائق الكلية غير موجودة في العين بصورتها الكليّة وتمام تحقيق هذا الكلام أنّ الطبيعة الجنسيّة لتوغَّلها في بطون الإبهام غير قابلة للتحصّل بذاتها ، ما لم ينضمّ إليها الطبيعة الفصليّة المحصّلة بالذات ، المقوّمة إيّاها طبيعة نوعيّة محصّلة ، ثم إذا تحصّلت الطبيعة النوعيّة في الوجود والعقل جميعا . لا يطلب غير ما يشاربه إليها في الخارج والحسّ من الأعراض المتواردة على تلك الطبيعة ، المتعاقبة عليها على سبيل التبادل ، وهي باقية بعينها ، وتلك الأعراض هي المصنّفة للنوع ، المشخّصة إيّاه ، وبيّن أنّها لا يمكن أن تكون داخلة فيه ولا في جزئيّاته . هذا على لسان أهل النظر من المشّاءين وأمّا على لسان التحقيق ، فإنّك عرفت أنّ العوارض المشخّصة وما يتبعها ، إنّما هو أفياء أشعّة الوحدة الإطلاقيّة وظلال أضوائها ، وهي ظاهر الوجود ، المسمّى بالنور فتحفّظ فإنّها من الحكم التي قد خلت عنها الكتب والزبر . هذا في الطبيعة النوعيّة ، وكذلك حكم سائر الكليّات الباقية . هذا إذا كان التكثّر فيه على سبيل التفصيل ، وأمّا إذا كان على طريقة التجزّي فظاهر البطلان أيضا . فإنّ التجزي والتعدد إنّما يتصوّر في الموجود العيني ، أو ما له محاذى ومناسب في العين ، والكليّات مما وقع في المرتبة الثانية من التعقّل ، ليس لها ذلك . فقوله

described by it, like humanity in every individual person of this particular species, is not differentiated nor multiplied by the multiplicity of individuals] for if it were differentiated or divided, there would be in each individual a partial portion of it, or a part [of it], and then it would not be present in it by its essence - according to what is required by the specific nature that is actualized (muḥaṣṣala) by essence, and that is what is fit for the occurrence of individuation upon it. The universal realities (al-ḥaqāʾiq al-kulliyya) do not exist in the concrete entity (al-ʿayn) in their universal form. The full verification of this discourse is that the generic nature (al-ṭabīʿa al-jinsiyya), due to its being immersed in the depths of ambiguity (ibhām), is not capable of actualization by its essence unless the differentia-nature (al-ṭabīʿa al-faṣliyya), which is actualized by essence, joins with it, constituting it into an actualized specific nature. Then, when the specific nature is actualized both in existence and in the intellect together, it seeks nothing beyond what corresponds to it externally and sensibly, from among the accidents that successively occur upon that nature, recurring upon it in a manner of alternation, while it [the nature] remains the same in itself; and those accidents are what classify the species and individuate it, and it is clear that they cannot be included within it, nor within its particulars. This is according to the discourse of the rational theorists (ahl al-naẓar) among the Peripatetics (mashshāʾiyyūn); but according to the discourse of verification (al-taḥqīq), you have already learned that the individuating accidents and what follows them are but shadows of the rays of the absolute Oneness (al-waḥda al-iṭlāqiyya) and the shades of its lights, and they are the manifest (ẓāhir) of Existence, named Light - so preserve this, for it is among the rulings that books and scriptures have been devoid of. This concerns the specific nature, and likewise is the ruling for the rest of the permanent universals. This is when the multiplicity in it occurs by way of differentiation; but if it occurs by way of division, its invalidity is also evident. For division and multiplicity are conceivable only in the concrete existent, or in what has a correspondent and counterpart in the concrete entity, while universals - being among what occurs in the second level of conceptualization (al-martaba al-thāniya min al-taʿaqqul) - do not have that. So his saying

Jāmī

﴿فإنها بذاتها﴾

وكليتها محققة

and their universality, are actualized (muḥaqqaqa)

Words 39–42 · 1 of 7

فِي كُلِّ مَوْصُوفٍ بِهَا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿في كل موصوف بها﴾

لا بالتفصيل والتجزئة. فإن الموجود منها في كل موجود عيني حصة لا جزء، والحصة عبارة عن تمام الحقيقة مكتنفة بعوارض مشخصة (كالإنسانية) المتحققة المخصصة

not through differentiation and division. For what exists of them in every existent entity is a portion (ḥiṣṣa), not a part (juzʾ); and the portion is an expression for the complete reality, enveloped by particularizing accidents (ʿawāriḍ mushakhkhiṣa) — such as humanity (al-insāniyya) — actualized and specified

al-Jandī

﴿كالإنسانية في كلّ شخص شخص من هذا النوع الخاصّ لم تتفصّل ولم تتعدّد بتعدّد الأشخاص ، ولا برحت معقولة﴾

يعني : أنّها لو تفصّلت وتعدّدت بتعدّد الأشخاص ، لكانت عن أصل كثرة فيها وهي واحدة في حقيقتها .قال رضي الله عنه

meaning: that if it had undergone detailed differentiation and multiplied with the multiplicity of individuals, it would derive from an original multiplicity within it, whereas it is one in its reality. He (may God be pleased with him) said:

Jāmī

﴿في كل شخص شخص من هذا النوع الخاص﴾

فإنه (ولم تنفصل) بالتجزئة

for it (has not been separated) through division

Bosnevî

﴿كالانسانية في كل شخص من هذا النوع الخاص لم تتفضل ولم تتعدد بتعدد الاشخاص ولا رحت معقولة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

(انسانیت کبی بونوع خاص انسانیدن هر بر شخصده سر بان وظهوری جهتله تعدد اشخاص ایله متعدده ومتفضله ومتفضله اولمدی ومعقوله اولمقدن دخی زایله اولمدی یعنی امور کلیه بحسب المحل اعیانک هربر یسنده ذاتی ایله ظاهره اولوب تفضیل ونجزی بی قبول ایتمدکاری انسانیتیدر بونوع خاص انسانیدن که هر برشخصده محل حسبیله ظهور ایدوب تعدد اشخاص ایله متعدده ومتفضله اولمدی ومعقوله اولمقدن دخی زایله اولمدی مثلاز یدوعمر وبکراوزره انساندر دیوحکم اولنوروانسانیت ذاتیله هر بریسنده متحققدر وتعدد اشخاص ایله متعدده دکلدر ومع هذازیدک عینی عمرک عینی وبکرک عینی دکلدر* پس امور کلیه دخی کذلک وجودات عینیه ده ذاتیله متحققه در* ووجوداتک تعددی حسبیله متجزیه دکلدر

(Like humanity: by way of its sarayān (pervasion) and ẓuhūr (manifestation) in every single individual of this particular human species, it did not become multiple and differentiated through the multiplicity of individuals, and it also did not cease to be intelligible. That is, [an example of] the umūr kulliyya (universal matters), which according to the locus are manifest by their essence in each one of the aʿyān (entities) and do not accept differentiation and partition, is the humanity of this particular human species, which, becoming manifest in every single individual according to the locus, did not become multiple and differentiated through the multiplicity of individuals, and also did not cease to be intelligible. For example, it is judged of Zayd, ʿAmr and Bakr that [each] is human, and humanity is realized by its essence in each one of them and is not multiple through the multiplicity of individuals; and nevertheless the ʿayn (entity) of Zayd is not the entity of ʿAmr nor the entity of Bakr. So the universal matters likewise are realized by their essence in the wujūdāt ʿayniyya (entified existences), and are not partitioned according to the multiplicity of the existences.

Words 54–55 · 1 of 7

وَلَمْ تَتَعَدَّدْ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ولم تتعدد … بتعدد الأشخاص﴾

بأن يكون في كل شخص جزء بل هي بذاتها وكليتها موجودة في كل شخص شخص

such that there would be a part in each individual; rather, it, in its essence and universality, exists in each and every individual

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ولا برحت معقولة﴾

أي، لا تزال تلك الحقيقة الكلية موجودة في العقللا تتغير بالعروض على معروضاتها، ولا تتكثر بتكثر موضوعاتها، كالحقائقالموجودة في الأعيان. وهذا البيان للتنبيه والإشارة إلى أن الذات الواجبية التيهي حقيقة الحقائق كلها ظاهرة فيها من غير طريان التجزي والتكثر عليها في تلك المراتب ولا يقدح في وحدة عينها تكثر مظاهرها. قوله

i.e., that universal reality remains ever existent in the intellect, unchanging through its supervening upon its subjects, and not multiplied through the multiplicity of its subjects—unlike the realities existent in concrete entities (al-aʿyān). This exposition serves to draw attention and point to the fact that the Necessary Essence (al-dhāt al-wājibiyya), which is the Reality of realities (ḥaqīqat al-ḥaqāʾiq) underlying them all, is manifest (ẓāhira) within them without division or multiplicity befalling it at those levels (marātib); nor does the multiplicity of its loci of manifestation (maẓāhir) impugn the oneness of its very identity (ʿayn). His saying

Ibn Turka

﴿ولا برحت معقولة﴾

عطف على قوله : " لم يتعدد" على سبيل الكشف والبيان . وإذ قد عرفت أنّ سوق هذه المقدمات إنّما هو نحو إلزام الجاحدين للجهة الارتباطيّة بين الممكن والواجب من أهل النظر وأرباب العقائد التقليديّة الواقفين عند مواقف الملائكة المقدّسة ، بادعائهم أنّهم هم المنزّهون لله تعالى حقّ التنزيه أفصح عن التقريب الأوّل. بقوله

is conjoined to his saying 'it is not multiplied,' by way of disclosure (kashf) and clarification. And since you have already learned that the purpose of advancing these premises is toward compelling those who deny the connective aspect (al-jiha al-irtibāṭiyya) between the possible and the Necessary - from among the rational theorists and the adherents of traditional dogmas who halt at the stations of the sanctified angels, claiming that they are the ones who properly declare God, exalted, transcendent with the true transcendence - he made explicit the first approximation (al-taqrīb al-awwal) by his saying

Jāmī

﴿ولا برحت﴾

تلك الأمور الكلية (معقولة) غير متن نص فصوص الحكم : وإذا كان الارتباط بين من له وجود عيني و بين من ليس له وجود عيني قد ثبت، و هي نسب عدمية، فارتباط الموجودات بعضها ببعض أقرب أن يعقل لأنه على كل حال بينها جامع و هو الوجود العيني وهناك فما ثَمَّ جامع. وقد وُجِدَ الارتباط بعدم الجامع فبالجامع أقوى وأحق. ولا شك أن المحدث قد ثبت حدوثه و افتقاره إلى محدِث أحدثه لإمكانه لنفسه. فوجوده من غيره، فهو مرتبط به ارتباط افتقار. ولا بد أن يكون المستندُ إليه واجبَ شرح الجامي : زائلة عن الوجود العقلي إلى الوجود العيني غير من?ثرة بنكثر الموجودات العينية وفي قوله رضي الله عنه. ولكنهما لا تقبل التفصيل والتجزي إشارة إلى أن الذات الإلهية التي هي حقيقة الحقائق كلها ظاهرة فيها من غير طريان التجزي والتكثر في تلك الذات. ولا يقدح في وحدتها كثرة المظاهر

And those universal matters remain (intelligible). [Outside the matn text of Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam]: If the connection (irtibāṭ) between that which has entitative existence (wujūd ʿaynī) and that which does not have entitative existence has been established — and these are nonexistential relations (nisab ʿadamiyya) — then the connection of existents with one another is closer to being intelligible, since in every case there is between them a common factor (jāmiʿ), namely entitative existence, whereas there [in the former case] there is no common factor at all. And the connection has been found [to occur] without a common factor; so with a common factor it is all the stronger and more fitting. There is no doubt that the originated thing (al-muḥdath) has had its origination and its need for an originator who originated it established, due to its being possible in itself. So its existence is from other than itself, and thus it is connected to it with a connection of dependence (iftiqār). And it is necessary that that upon which it depends be Necessary [of Existence] (wājib). [Sharḥ al-Jāmī]: passing away from intelligible existence to entitative existence, without being multiplied by the multiplicity of entitative existents. And in his saying, may God be pleased with him, 'but they do not admit differentiation and division,' there is an indication that the Divine Essence (al-dhāt al-ilāhiyya), which is the Reality of realities (ḥaqīqat al-ḥaqāʾiq), is manifest in them all without the occurrence of division and multiplicity in that Essence. And the multiplicity of loci of manifestation (maẓāhir) does not impugn its unity.

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAbdallāh al-Bosnawī (Abdullah Bosnevî, d. 1054/1644), Tecelliyât-ı ʿarâʾis en-nuṣûṣ fî menaṣṣât ḥikem el-Fuṣûṣ

Digital text: Our collation of two OCRs of the print, disagreements settled against the page images (AI, each page linked)

Print edition behind it: Istanbul, 1290/1873 (Ottoman Turkish), vol. 1; the scan of Princeton University Library's copy at HathiTrust (catalog record 008919315).

Taken from: HathiTrust. Full view of the scanned volume.

Licence: Public domain (1873 print); our OCR collation is ours. Each comment links to its page in the HathiTrust scan.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.