Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ إِلَهِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ آدَمِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶9 in the text

9 · 105 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

ثُمَّ نَقُولُ فِي الحَقِّ تَعَالَى أّنَّ لَهُ عِلْمًا وَحَيَاةً فَهُوَ الحَيُّ العَالِمُ وَنَقُولُ فِي المَلَكِ أَنَّ لَهُ حَيَاةً وَعِلْمًا فَهُوَ الحَيُّ العَالِمُ وَنَقُولُ فِي الِإنْسَانِ أَنَّ لَهُ حَيَاةً وَعِلْمًا فَهُوَ الحَيُّ العَالِمُ وَحَقِيقَةُ العِلْمِ وَاحِدَةٌ وَحَقِيقَةُ الحَيَاةِ وَاحِدَةٌ وَنِسْبَتُهَا إِلَى العَالِمِ وَالحَيِّ نِسْبَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ وَنَقُولُ فِي عِلْمِ الحَقِّ أَنَّهُ قَدِيمٌ وَفِي عِلْمِ الإِنْسَانِ أَنَّهُ مُحْدَثٌ فَانْظُرْ مَا أَحْدَثَتْهُ الإِضَافَةُ مِنْ الحُكْمِ فِي هَذِهِ الحَقِيقَةِ المَعْقُولَةِ وَانْظُرْ إِلَى هَذَا الارْتِبَاطِ بَيْنَ المَعْقُولَاتِ وَالمَوْجُودَاتِ العَيْنِيَّةِ فَكَمَا حَكَمَ العِلْمُ عَلَى مَنْ قَامَ بِهِ أَنْ يُقَالُ فِيهِ عَالِمٌ حَكَمَ المَوْصُوفُ بِهِ عَلَى العِلْمِ بِأَنَّهُ حَادِثٌ فِي حَقِّ الحَادِثِ قَدِيمٌ فِي حَقِّ القَدِيمِ فَصَارَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مَحْكُومًا بِهِ مَحْكُومًا عَلَيْهِ

Then we say of the Real—exalted is He—that He has knowledge and life, so He is the Living, the Knowing. And we say of the angel that he has life and knowledge, so he is the living, the knowing. And we say of the human being that he has life and knowledge, so he is the living, the knowing. Yet the reality of knowledge is one, and the reality of life is one, and its relation to the knower and to the living is a single relation. And we say of the knowledge of the Real that it is eternal, and of the knowledge of the human being that it is newly originated. So consider what the attribution has originated by way of judgment in this intelligible reality, and consider this interconnection between the intelligibles and the concrete existents. For just as knowledge judges the one in whom it subsists, [requiring] that he be called 'knowing,' so the one described by it judges knowledge [requiring] that it be temporally originated in the case of the temporally originated and eternal in the case of the Eternal. Thus each of the two has come to be both that by which judgment is made and that upon which judgment is made.

On the whole passage · 1 of 6

Only al-Qayṣarī comments here.

al-Qayṣarī

﴿ثم نقول في الحق تعالى، أن له علما وحياة فهو الحي العالم. ونقول في الملك، أن له حياة وعلما فهو الحي العالم. ونقول في الإنسان، أن له حياة وعلما فهو الحي العالم. وحقيقة العلم واحدة وحقيقة الحياة واحدة ونسبتها إلى الحي والعالم نسبة واحدة . ونقول في علم الحق، أنه قديم، وفي علم الإنسان، أنه محدث فانظر ما أحدثته الإضافة من الحكم في هذه الحقيقة المعقولة﴾

تأكيد لبيان الارتباط. كقول الشاعر مؤكدا في المدح: ولا عيب فيهم غير أن ضيوفهم %~% تعاب بنسيان الأحبة والوطن أي، استناد كل موجودعيني وما يتبعه من اللوازم،أي هذه الأمور الكلية، واجب من حيث إنها مؤثرة فيه، إلا أن لهذه الموجودات أيضا حكما وأثرا في هذه الأمور الكلية بحسب اقتضاء أعيان الموجودات. وذلك لأن (الحياة) حقيقة واحدة و (العلم) حقيقة واحدة وكل منهما متميز عن الآخر، فنقول في الحق تعالى، أنه حي عالم وحياته وعلمه عين ذاته، فيحكم بأنهما عينه وبعدم امتياز أحدهما عن الآخر في المرتبة الأحدية، ونقول بقدمها. وفي غيره تعالى، كالملك والإنسان، يحكم بأنهما غيره، ونقول أنهما حادثان فيهما، فاتصافهما بالحدوث والقدم وكونهما عينا أو غيرا. إنما هو باعتبار الموجودات العينية، فكما حكمت هذه الأمور في كل ماله وجود عيني، كذلك حكمت الموجودات عليها بالحدوث والقدم، وهذا الحكم إنما نشأ من الاستناد والإضافة، وإلا عند اعتباركل منهما وحده لا يلزم ذلك. قوله

— a confirmation clarifying the connection (al-irtibāṭ), like the poet's saying in confirmation, in praise: "There is no fault in them save that their guests are blamed for forgetting loved ones and homeland." That is: the reliance/support (istinād) of every concrete existent (mawjūd ʿaynī) and what follows from it of concomitants (lawāzim) — i.e., these universal matters — is necessary (wājib) insofar as they are efficacious in it; except that these existents also have a determination (ḥukm) and effect (athar) upon these universal matters, according to what the entities (aʿyān) of the existents require. That is because 'life' is one single reality and 'knowledge' is one single reality, and each of the two is distinct from the other. So we say of the Real, exalted, that He is Living, Knowing, and that His life and His knowledge are identical with His Essence (ʿayn dhātihi); thus it is judged that they are identical with Him, with no distinction between the two at the level of the Unicity (al-martaba al-aḥadiyya), and we affirm their pre-eternity. And regarding other than Him, exalted — such as the angel and the human — it is judged that they [life and knowledge] are other than him, and we say that they are originated (ḥādithān) in them. So their being characterized by origination and pre-eternity, and their being identical [with the essence] or other [than it], is only by consideration of (bi-iʿtibār) concrete existents (al-mawjūdāt al-ʿayniyya). For just as these [universal] matters determined the judgment upon everything possessing concrete existence, so too did the existents determine the judgment upon them [the universals] with origination and pre-eternity. This judgment arises only from reliance (al-istinād) and attribution (al-iḍāfa); otherwise, when each of the two is considered alone, this does not necessarily follow. His saying:

Jāmī

﴿ثم نقول في الحق تعالى أن له علما وحياة﴾

وهما حكمان على الموصوف بهما بأنه حي عالم (فهو) تعالى (الحي العالم و) كذلك نقول في الملك إن له حياة وعلما. و كذلك (هو) ، أي الملك

— these are two judgments (aḥkām) upon the one qualified by them, that he is living, knowing. (So He) exalted is He, (is the Living, the Knowing, and) likewise we say concerning the angel (al-malak) that it possesses life and knowledge. And likewise (it), i.e., the angel,

Bosnevî

﴿ثم نقول في الحق تعالي ان له علما وحياة فهو الحي العالم ونقول في الملك ان له علما وحياة فهو الحي العالم ونقول في الانسان ان له علما وحياة فهو الحي العالم وحقيقة العلم واحده % و حقيقة* وحقيقة الحياة واحدة ونسبتها الي العالم والحي نسبة واحدة﴾

(اندنصکره حق تعالینک حقنده بزدیرز تحقیق انکیجون علم وحیات واردر* پس حق تعالی حی وعالمدر وملک حقنده دخی بزدیرز تحقیق انکیچون علم وحیات واردر* پس ملک دخی حی وعالمدر وانسان حقنده دخی زدیرز تحقیق انکیجون علم وحیات واردر* پس انسان دخی حی وعالمدر وعلک حقیقتی واحده در وحیاتک دخی حقیقتی واحده در عملک عاله وحیاتک حبه نسبتی نسبت واحده در* پس عملک حقیقتی حقیقت واحده در وحیاتک حقیقتی دخی حقیقت واحده در هر بریسی حقیقت ایله آخردن متمیزه در و هر بریسی حقیقت متمیزه سی اوزره کلیت ایله معقوله ایکن موقت وغیر موقت اولان موجود عینیده حقیقتیله انک ظهوری علی السویه در حق عالم وحیدر وملک دخی عالم وحیدر وانسان دخی عالم وحیدر لکن بوامر کلینک ظهوری محل حسبیله درکه محل اکا برحکم اعطا ایدرکه انکله متصف اولورا کرمضاف الیهاولان موجود قدیم مطلق اولورسه آنده ظهور ایدن علم دخی قدیم مطلق اواور واکر مضاف الیه اولان موجود حادث ومقید اولورسه انده ظهور ایدن علم دخی حادث ومقید اولور) ونقول فیء-لم

(After that, concerning the Ḥaqq (the Real) Most High, we say: verily He has knowledge and life; so the Real Most High is living and knowing. And concerning the angel too we say: verily it has knowledge and life; so the angel too is living and knowing. And concerning the human too we say: verily he has knowledge and life; so the human too is living and knowing. The ḥaqīqa (reality) of knowledge is one, and the reality of life too is one; the relation of knowledge to the knower and of life to the living is one relation. So the reality of knowledge is one reality, and the reality of life too is one reality. Each of them is distinguished from the other by reality. And each of them, while being intelligible with universality upon its distinguished reality, has an equal ẓuhūr (manifestation), with its reality, in the temporal and the non-temporal entitative existent. The Real is knowing and living, the angel too is knowing and living, and the human too is knowing and living. But the manifestation of this amr kullī (universal matter) is according to the maḥall (locus), in that the locus gives it a ruling by which it is qualified. If the existent to which it is attributed is absolute eternal, the knowledge that manifests in it too is absolute eternal; and if the existent to which it is attributed is originated and delimited, the knowledge that manifests in it too is originated and delimited.) And we say concerning the knowledge [of]

Words 11–12 · 1 of 6

الحَيُّ العَالِمُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿الحي العالم﴾

حقيقة لا مجاز (ونقول) مثل ذلك

in reality, not metaphorically. (And we say) the like of that

Words 13–17 · 1 of 6

وَنَقُولُ فِي المَلَكِ أَنَّ لَهُ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿ونقول في الملك : « إنّ له حياة وعلما » ، فهو الحيّ العالم ونقول في الإنسان : « إنّ له حياة وعلما » فهو الحيّ العالم وحقيقة العلم واحدة ، وحقيقة الحياة واحدة ، ونسبتهما إلى العالم والحيّ نسبة واحدة . ونقول في علم الحقّ : « إنّه قديم » … وفي علم الإنسان : « إنّه محدث »﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ذاتا وزمانا. وفي علم الملك : " إنّه محدث ذاتا ، قديم زمانا " . وإنّما طوى هذا المثال هاهنا لما ليس له كثير دخل في المبحث ، إذ الغرض الأوّل من تمهيد هذه المقدّمة أن يبيّن بها الجهة الارتباطيّة بين الممكن والواجب ويقلع بها موادّ عقائد الغالين في التنزيه الرسمي ، من الحكماء القاطعين بانتفاء تلك الجهة ، الحاسبين أنّهم هم الموفون بحقّ التنزيه . ولذلك قال متمّما لبيانه

in essence and in time. And of the king's knowledge: "It is originated in essence, eternal in time." This example was only passed over briefly here because it has little bearing on the matter under discussion, since the primary purpose in laying down this preliminary discussion is to clarify thereby the relational aspect (al-jiha al-irtibāṭiyya) between the possible (al-mumkin) and the Necessary (al-wājib), and to uproot thereby the substance of the doctrines of those who exaggerate in formal transcendence (al-tanzīh al-rasmī) — namely the philosophers who categorically deny that relational aspect, imagining that they are the ones who truly fulfill the right of transcendence. Therefore he said, completing his exposition:

Jāmī

﴿في الإنسان إن له حياة وعلما﴾

وهما بحكمان على الموصوف بهما بأنه حي عالم. (فهو) أي الإنسان

— these two are judgments upon the one qualified by them, that he is living, knowing. (So he), i.e., man,

Words 31–34 · 1 of 6

الحَيُّ العَالِمُ وَحَقِيقَةُ العِلْمِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿الحي العالم وحقيقة العلم﴾

في كل من الحق والملك والإنسان (واحدة) وكذلك (حقيقة الحياة في الكل واحدة ونسبتهما) ، أي نسبة حقيقة الحياة والعلم

in each of the Real, the angel, and man (is one), and likewise (the reality of life in all of them is one; and the relation of the two), i.e., the relation of the reality of life and knowledge,

Words 40–42 · 1 of 6

إِلَى العَالِمِ وَالحَيِّ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿إلى العالم والحي﴾

حقا كان أو ملكة أو إنسان

, whether it be the Real, an angel, or a man,

Words 43–44 · 1 of 6

نِسْبَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿نسبة واحدة﴾

وهي ثبوتها لهم (و) مع ذلك نقول في كل واحد من علم الحق في حياته وسائر صفاته الحقيقية (أنه قدیم) غير مسبوق بالعدم الزماني وأنه عين ذاته وعلى سائر صفاته في مرتبة الأحدية. (و) نقول

, namely their being established for them. (And) nonetheless we say concerning each one of the Real's knowledge, His life, and His other real attributes, (that it is eternal) [qadīm], not preceded by temporal nonexistence, and that it is identical with His Essence and with His other attributes in the level of Oneness (al-aḥadiyya). (And) we say

Bosnevî

﴿الحق انه قديم وفي علم الانسان انه حادث﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

و بزحقک علی حقنده درز تحقیق علم حق قد یمدر زیرا قدیمه مضافدر وانسانک علی حقنده دخی بزدیرز تحقیق علم انسان حادثدر زیرا حادثه مضافـــدر* پس امر کلی اولان علک حقیقته موجود عینیدن رجوع ایدن قدم وحدوث حکمی موجود عینی اعطا ایتدیکی حکمدر* والا علم کلیت واطلاق ایله معلو مدر وحقیقت حکمی ایله بحسب المحل ظاهردر وقدیم و حادثده ظهوری علی السویه در)

And concerning the knowledge of the Ḥaqq (the Real) we say: verily the knowledge of the Real is eternal, because it is attributed to the eternal. And concerning the knowledge of the human too we say: verily the knowledge of the human is originated, because it is attributed to the originated. So the ruling of eternity and origination that returns from the entitative existent to the ḥaqīqa (reality) of knowledge, which is an amr kullī (universal matter), is the ruling that the entitative existent gives. Otherwise, knowledge is known with universality and absoluteness. With the ruling of [its] reality it is manifest according to the maḥall (locus), and its ẓuhūr (manifestation) in the eternal and the originated is equal.)

Jāmī

﴿في علم الإنسان إنه محدث﴾

بالحدوث الزماني وغير ذاته و غیر سائر صفاته . ولا يصح هذا الحكم كليا إلا في علمه الحاصل له باعتبار أحدية جميع روحه وجسمه. وإلا فقد صرح الشيخ صدر الدین القونوي قدس الله سره في بعض وسائله بأن الأرواح الكلية التي للكمل مقارنة للعقل الأول في الوجود واقعة معه في وصف واحد . ولا شك أن لها في تلك الحالة تكون بعض العلوم حاصلا وأقلها الشعور بنفسه

with temporal origination, and other than his essence, and other than his other attributes. This judgment is not universally valid except with regard to his knowledge attained by virtue of the oneness (aḥadiyya) of the totality of his spirit and body. Otherwise, Shaykh Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī — may God sanctify his secret — has stated explicitly in some of his epistles that the universal spirits (al-arwāḥ al-kulliyya) belonging to the perfect ones are concomitant with the First Intellect in existence, occurring together with it in a single attribute (waṣf). There is no doubt that in that state some knowledges are attained for them, the least of which is awareness of oneself.

Ibn Turka

﴿فانظر ما أحدثته الإضافة من الحكم في هذه الحقيقة المعقولة ، وانظر إلى هذا الارتباط بين المعقولات والموجودات العينيّة﴾

قال رضي الله عنه

He said, may God be pleased with him:

Jāmī

﴿فانظر إلى ما أحدثته الإضافة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي إضافة الأمور الكلية إلى الموجودات العينية فأحدثت واقتضت إضافتها إلى الحق القديم سبحانه قدمها وإضافتها إلى الإنسان الحادث حدوثها. وكأنه رضي الله عنه إنما لم يتعرض للملك بناء على أن الحكم بقدم صفاته وحدوثها مطلقة لا تصح كما في الحق تعالى، والإنسان. فإن الملائكة كالعقل الأول من الدائمات بدوام الحق سبحانه، فكذا صفاته، وبعضها يمكن أن لا يكون كذلك بالدائم متن نص فصوص الحكم : وانظر إلى هذا الارتباط بين المعقولات و الموجودات العينية. فكما حَكَمَ العلمُ على مَنْ قام به أنْ يقال فيه عالم، حكم الموصوف به على العلم أنه حادث في حق الحادث، قديم في حق القديم. فصار كل واحد محكوماً به محكوماً عليه. ومعلوم أن هذه الأمور الكلية و إن كانت معقولة فإنها معدومة العين موجودة الحكم، كما هي محكوم عليها إذا نسبت إلى الموجود العيني. فتقبل الحكم في الأعيان الموجودة و لا تقبل التفصيل و لا التجزّي فإن ذلك محال عليها، فإنها بذاتها في كل موصوف بها كالإنسانية في كل شخص من هذا النوع الخاص لم تتفصَّل و لم تتعدَّد بتعدد الأشخاص و لا برحت معقولة. شرح الجامي : إلا أن يحكم بحدوثها وحدوث صفائها مطلقة على الخلق الجديد في كل آن لكن باعتبار أشخاصها لا أنواعه

, i.e., the relation of universal matters (al-umūr al-kulliyya) to concrete existent entities (al-mawjūdāt al-ʿayniyya); for it occasioned and necessitated that their relation to the Real, the Eternal, glory be to Him, entail their eternity (qidam), and their relation to originated man entail their origination (ḥudūth). It is as though he — may God be pleased with him — did not address the case of the angel [here], on the ground that the judgment of the eternity or origination of its attributes, taken absolutely, is not valid as it is in the case of the Real, exalted, and man. For the angels, like the First Intellect, belong to the things perpetual (al-dāʾimāt) through the perpetuity of the Real, glory be to Him, and likewise their attributes; though some of them may not be perpetual in that manner. Text of the Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam: 'And consider this connection (irtibāṭ) between the intelligibles (al-maʿqūlāt) and the concrete existents (al-mawjūdāt al-ʿayniyya). For just as knowledge determines (ḥakama) concerning the one qualified by it that he be called "knowing," so too the one qualified by it determines concerning knowledge that it is originated in respect of the originated and eternal in respect of the eternal. Thus each one becomes both that which determines (maḥkūm bihi) and that which is determined (maḥkūm ʿalayhi). And it is known that these universal matters, even though they are intelligible, are nonexistent in entity (maʿdūmat al-ʿayn) [while] existent in judgment (mawjūdat al-ḥukm), just as they are that which is determined when related to the concrete existent. So they accept determination (al-ḥukm) with respect to existent entities, but they do not accept detailing (al-tafṣīl) or division (al-tajazzī), for that is impossible for them; for they, in themselves, in every one qualified by them — like humanity (al-insāniyya) in every individual of this particular species — are not detailed nor multiplied by the multiplicity of individuals, nor do they cease to be intelligible.' Commentary of al-Jāmī: 'except that their origination and the origination of their attributes be judged, absolutely, with respect to the new creation (al-khalq al-jadīd) at every instant — but with regard to their individuals, not their species.'

Bālī Zāde

﴿فانظر إلى ما أحدثته الإضافة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من الحكم في هذه الحقيقة الواحدة فإن لكل منهما أثر في الآخر باعتبارنا الإضافة والنسبة بينهما فإن اعتبرنا انفرادهما لا يحصل لهما هذا الحكم. ولما كان الارتباط أعظم مسألة من مسائل العلوم الإلهية لكونه دليلا على الارتباط بين الحق وعبادة تعالى. أجمل ذكره أولا ثم فصل وكرر أمر الوصية بالنظر

of judgment (ḥukm) in this single reality, for each of the two has an effect upon the other, insofar as we take into account the relation (iḍāfa) and the relational connection (nisba) between them; but if we consider each of them in isolation, this judgment does not obtain for them. And since interrelation (irtibāṭ) is the greatest of the questions among the divine sciences, being a proof of the interconnection between the Real and His servants—Exalted is He—he mentioned it first in summary form, then detailed it, and repeated the injunction to reflective consideration (naẓar).

Bosnevî

﴿فانظر ما احدثته الاضافة من الحكم في هذه الحقيقة المعقولة وانظر الي هذا الارتباط بين المعقولات والموجودات العينية﴾

(پس بو حقیقت معقوله اولان علمده قدم وحدوث حکمندن اضافت احداث ایتدیکی شیئه سن نظر ایله یعنی اضافت علمده قدم وحدوثی نیجه احداث ایلدی و دخی معقولات ایله موجودات عینیه بیننده اولان بوارتباطه نظر ایله

(So look at what the iḍāfa (attribution) has originated, of the ruling of eternity and origination, in knowledge, which is this intelligible ḥaqīqa (reality). That is, [look at] how the attribution originated eternity and origination in knowledge. And also look at this irtibāṭ (connection) that is between the intelligibles and the entitative existents.

al-Jandī

﴿وانظر إلى هذا الارتباط بين المعقولات والموجودات العينية ، فكما حكم العلم على من قام بهبأن يقال فيه : إنّه عالم ، كذلك حكم الموصوف به على العلم بأنّه حادث في حق الحادث ، قديم في حق القديم ، وصار كل واحد﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني من المضاف والمضاف إليه ( محكوما به و محكوما عليه ) يعني من جهتين مختلفتين .قال رضي الله عنه

originated (ḥādith) with respect to the originated, and eternal (qadīm) with respect to the Eternal, and each one became] — meaning, of the correlative (al-muḍāf) and that to which it is correlated (al-muḍāf ilayhi) — (both determining and determined) — meaning, from two different respects (jihatayn). He, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Qayṣarī

﴿وانظر إلى هذا الارتباط بين المعقولات والموجودات العينية، فكما حكم العلم على من قام به أن يقال فيه إنه عالم، حكم الموصوف به على العلم بأنه حادث في حق الحادث، قديم في حق القديم، فصار كل واحد محكوما به ومحكوما عليه﴾

تصريح بالمقصود، وهو بيان الارتباط بين الأشياء العينية والأمور الغيبيةالتي لا أعيان لها، وإذا كان الارتباط بينهما حاصلا، فالارتباط بين الحق والعالم الموجودين في الخارج أقوى وأحق. وفحواه ظاهر. لا يقال: إن الذهن يحكم على من قام به العلم بأنه عالم لا العلم، فكيف أسند الحكم إليه؟ لأنا نقول: حكم الذهن أيضا تابع لحكم العلم، إذ لو لم تعط حقيقة العلم عند المقارنة بينهما ذلك، لما جاز للذهن أن يحكم به، لأن حكمه إن لم يكن مطابقا للواقع فلا اعتبار به، وإن كان مطابقا، يلزم أن يكون الأمر في نفسه كذلك. قوله

— an explicit statement of what is intended, namely the clarification of the connection between concrete/entified things and unseen matters (al-umūr al-ghaybiyya) which have no entities (aʿyān). And if the connection between these two obtains, then the connection between the Real and the world — both of which exist externally — is stronger and more fitting. Its purport is clear. One should not object: 'Indeed the mind judges the one in whom knowledge subsists to be knowing, not [judging] knowledge itself — so how was the judgment attributed to it?' For we say: the judgment of the mind is likewise dependent upon (tābiʿ) the judgment of the reality of knowledge; for if the reality of knowledge, upon comparison between the two, did not yield that, it would not be permissible for the mind to so judge. For if its judgment were not in conformity with reality (al-wāqiʿ), it would carry no weight; and if it were in conformity, it would necessarily follow that the matter is so in itself. His saying:

Jāmī

﴿وانظر إلى هذا الارتباط﴾

الواقع (بين) تلك (المعلومات) الكلية (والموجودات العينية وكما حكم القلم على من قام به) و اقتضى

occurring (between) those universal (intelligibles) (and the concrete existents. And just as knowledge determines concerning the one qualified by it) and necessitates

Bālī Zāde

﴿فقال فانظر إلى هذا الارتباط … بين المعقولات والموجودات العينية﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي فانظر بعين البصيرة واعتبر فإنه واجب النظر والعبرة كيف يحصل الحكم من أحد المتضادين إلى الآخر وكيف يحكم أحدهما على الآخر

that is, look with the eye of insight (baṣīra) and reflect, for reflective consideration and taking heed are obligatory—how judgment (ḥukm) passes from one of the two opposites to the other, and how each of the two rules over the other.

Ibn Turka

﴿فكما حكم العلم على من قام به أن يقال فيه : « عالم » ، حكم الموصوف به على العلم بأنّه حادث في حقّ الحادث قديم في حق القديم﴾

حيث اتّصل من الطرفين . أعني الباطن والظاهر رقيقة النسبة الحكميّة، نازلة من الأمر الكلَّى إلى الهويّة الموصوفة هي به، راجعة منها إليه، وانتظم بذلك صورة الدائرة المستدعية لسريان الأمر الجمعي، وتعاكس حكم كلّ منهما على الآخر بوجه

where the fine thread of the judicial relation (raqīqat al-nisba al-ḥukmiyya) connects at both extremities — I mean the nonmanifest (al-bāṭin) and the manifest (al-ẓāhir) — descending from the universal matter (al-amr al-kullī) to the particular identity (al-huwiyya) qualified by it, and returning from it back to the universal; and by this the form of the circle is constituted, which requires the pervasive flowing (sarayān) of the all-comprehensive matter (al-amr al-jamʿī), and the mutual reversal of the judgment of each of the two upon the other in a certain respect.

Bālī Zāde

﴿فكما حكم المعلم على من قام به أن يقال إنه علم حكم الموصوف به على العلم بأنه حادث في حق الحادث وقديم في حق القديم فصار كل واحد محکوم به ومحكوما عليه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

بيان لما نظر إليه ونتيجة للكلام السابق.ولما لم يقبل الأمور الكلية كل الحكم من الموجود العيني أراد أن يبينه وأعاد ما علم ليتفرع عليه قوله .فتقبل الحكم فقال

This is an elucidation of what was pointed to and a conclusion drawn from the preceding discourse. And since universal matters (al-umūr al-kulliyya) do not receive every judgment from the entified existent (al-mawjūd al-ʿaynī), he wished to clarify this, and he repeated what was [already] known so that his statement might follow upon it as a branch—'so it receives the judgment'—thus he said:

Bosnevî

﴿فلما حكم العلم علي من قام به ان يقال فيهانه عالم حكم الموصوف به علي العلم بانه حادث في حق الحادث قديم في حق القديم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

پس نته کیم علم اوله قائم اولان من اوزره علم حکم ابلدی آنک حقنده اول عالمدر دینلکی کذلک علم ایله موصوف اولان من علم اوزره حکم ایلدی که اول علم حادثدر حادثک) حقنده قدیمدر قدیمک حقنده)

So just as knowledge ruled over the one in whom it subsists, that it be said of him "he is knowing", likewise the one qualified by knowledge ruled over knowledge, that that knowledge is originated in the case of the originated [and] eternal in the case of the eternal.

Words 81–83 · 1 of 6

أَنْ يُقَالُ فِيهِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿أن يقال فيه﴾

أي فيمن قام به (أنه عالم) كذلك (ح?م) الوجود العيني

, i.e., of the one qualified by it, (that he is knowing); likewise (the concrete existent) determines

Jāmī

﴿الموصوف به … على العلم بأنه حادث في حق الحادث﴾

كالإنسان مثل

, like man, for instance,

Words 95–98 · 1 of 6

قَدِيمٌ فِي حَقِّ القَدِيمِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿قديم في حق القديم﴾

كالحق سبحانه

, like the Real, glory be to Him,

Ibn Turka

﴿فصار كلّ واحد﴾

من الباطن العقلي والظاهر العيني

of the intelligible nonmanifest (al-bāṭin al-ʿaqlī) and the concrete manifest (al-ẓāhir al-ʿaynī)

Jāmī

﴿فصار كل واحد﴾

من المعقولات الكلية والموجودات العينية (مح?ومأ به) أي شيئا بحكم بسببه . فإن المحكوم به في قولنا : علم الحق سبحانه قدیم، هو القديم لا الموجود العيني الذي هو الحق سبحانه . لكن الحكم بالقديم على العلم إنما هو نسبته كما لا يخفى فيكون محكومة بالعين المذكور لا المشهور و محكوم عليه بالحكم الذي يقتضيه الآخر

of the universal intelligibles and the concrete existents (became that which determines), that is, a thing by which a judgment occurs on its account. For that which determines in our saying, 'the Real's knowledge, glory be to Him, is eternal,' is [the attribute] eternal, not the concrete existent which is the Real, glory be to Him. But the judgment of eternity upon knowledge is only its relation, as is not hidden; so it becomes that which is determined by the entity mentioned, not by the well-known [term alone], and that which is determined by the judgment necessitated by the other [term].

Bosnevî

﴿فصار كل واحد محكوما به ومحكوما عليه﴾

پس علم ایله موصوف به دن هر بریسی محکوم به ومحکوم علیه اولدی جهتین مختلفتین اعتبار بله یعنی علم ایله قائم اولان من اوزره علم حاکدر آنک حقنده اول عالمدر دینلکله کله واول من محکوم علیه اولور وعلم اوزره اول من حاکمدرکه اول قدیمدر و یا حادثدر وعلم محکوم علیه اولور پس بووجهله معقولات ایله موجودات عینیه بیننده ارتباط حاصل اولدی)

So each of knowledge and the one qualified by it became maḥkūm bihi (that by which judgment is made) and maḥkūm ʿalayhi (that upon which judgment is made), in consideration of two different aspects. That is, knowledge is the judge over the one in whom knowledge subsists, by its being said of him "he is knowing", and that one becomes the one judged upon. And that one is the judge over knowledge, [judging] that it is eternal or originated, and knowledge becomes the one judged upon. So in this way the irtibāṭ (connection) between the intelligibles and the entitative existents came about.)

Words 102–105 · 1 of 6

مَحْكُومًا بِهِ مَحْكُومًا عَلَيْهِ

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿محكوما به ، محكوما عليه﴾

ثمّ إنّه يمكن أن يقال ها هنا : إنّ هذا الكلام إنّما يتمّ لو لم يكن الكلَّي عند اتّصافه بالوجود العيني منقسما مفصلا انقسام الجنس بفصله أو مجزّأ تجزية الأجزاء الخارجيّة وموادها بصورها المشخّصة وأمّا على تقدير ذلك فلا يلزم أن يكون محكوما عليه ، ضرورة أن كلّ قسم وجزء مخالف لآخر بالذات . وبالجملة، كما أنّ الفصل يقسّم الجنس ويفصّله حقائق مختلفة, فلم لا يكون التعيّن له هذا السبيل بالنسبة إلى النوع ؟ فأشار إلى دفعه بقوله : ( ومعلوم ) ممّا نبّهت عليه من أنّ عين الأشياء الحاصلة من « كن » إنّما يتوقّف وجودها على انضمام كاف « الكلَّي » إلى نون تعيّناتها النوعيّة

Then it is possible to say here: this statement is only sound if the universal (al-kullī), upon being qualified by concrete existence, were not divided and differentiated in the manner of the division of a genus by its differentia (faṣl), nor partitioned in the manner of the partitioning of external parts and their matters into their individuated forms. But granting such division, it would not necessarily follow that it is that which is judged upon, since every division and part necessarily differs from another in its very essence (bi-l-dhāt). In sum, just as the differentia divides the genus and differentiates it into distinct realities, why should not entification (al-taʿayyun) follow the same course with respect to the species? So he alluded to repelling this [objection] by his saying: (and it is known) — from what I have already drawn attention to — that the very entities (aʿyān) of things resulting from "Be!" (kun) have their existence dependent only upon the joining of the kāf of "universality" (al-kulliyya) to the nūn of their specific entifications (taʿayyunāt nawʿiyya).

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), Maṭlaʿ khuṣūṣ al-kilam fī maʿānī Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0751DawudQaysari.MatlacKhususKalam.IAC00085-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qaysari.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAbdallāh al-Bosnawī (Abdullah Bosnevî, d. 1054/1644), Tecelliyât-ı ʿarâʾis en-nuṣûṣ fî menaṣṣât ḥikem el-Fuṣûṣ

Digital text: Our collation of two OCRs of the print, disagreements settled against the page images (AI, each page linked)

Print edition behind it: Istanbul, 1290/1873 (Ottoman Turkish), vol. 1; the scan of Princeton University Library's copy at HathiTrust (catalog record 008919315).

Taken from: HathiTrust. Full view of the scanned volume.

Licence: Public domain (1873 print); our OCR collation is ours. Each comment links to its page in the HathiTrust scan.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.