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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

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وَغَذِّ خَلْقَهُ مِنهُ تَكُنْ رُوْحًا وَرَيْحَانًا فَأَعْطَيْنَاهُ مَا يَبْدُو بِهِ فِينَا وَأَعْطَانَا فَصَارَ الأَمْرُ مَقْسُومًا بِإِيَّاهُ وَإِيَّانَا فَأَحْيَاهُ الَّذِي يَدْرِي بِقَلْبِي حِينَ أَحْيَانَا فَكُنَّا فِيهِ أَكْوَانًا وَأَعْيَانًا وَأَزْمَانًا وَلَيْسَ بِدَائِمٍ فِينَا وَلَكِنْ ذَاكَ أَحْيَانًا وَمِمَّا يَدُلُّ عَلَىٰ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي أَمْرِ النَّفْخِ الرُّوحَانِيِّ مَعَ صُورَةِ البَشَرِ العُنْصُرِيِّ هُوَ أَنَّ الحَقَّ وَصَفَ نَفْسَهُ بِالنَّفَسِ الرَّحْمَانِيِّ وَلَا بُدَّ لِكُلِّ مَوْصُوفٍ بِصِفَةٍ أَنْ يَتْبَعَ الصِّفَةَ جَمِيعُ مَا تَسْتَلْزِمُهُ تِلْكَ الصِّفَةُ وَقَدْ عَرَفْتَ أَنَّ النَّفَسَ فِي المُتَنَفِّسِ مَا يَسْتَلْزِمُهُ فَلِذَٰلِكَ قَبِلَ النَّفَسُ الإِلَهِيُّ صُورَ العَالَمِ فَهُوَ لَهَا كَالْجَوْهَرِ الهَيُولَانِيِّ وَلَيْسَ إِلَّا عَيْنَ الطَّبِيعَةِ

And nourish His creation from Him; you will be spirit and fragrant herb. So we gave Him that by which He becomes manifest in us, and He gave us [in turn]; thus the matter became divided between Him and us. So He gave life to the one who knows through my heart when He gave us life; and we were, in Him, engendered beings, entities and times. Yet it is not permanent in us; rather, that is [only] at times. Among what points to what we have mentioned concerning the spiritual blowing together with the form of the elemental human being is that the Real described Himself by the Breath of the All-Merciful. Everything described by an attribute must have all that the attribute entails follow upon that attribute. And you already know what breath entails in the one who breathes. That is why the divine Breath received the forms of the cosmos. It is to them like the hylic substance (prime matter), and it is nothing but the very self of Nature.

On the whole passage · 3 of 5

al-Qāshānī

﴿ومما يدل على ما ذكرناه في أمر النفخ الروحاني مع صورة البشر العنصري هو أن الحق وصف نفسه بالنفس الروحاني ، ولا بد لكل موصوف بصفة أن يتبع الصفة جميع ما تستلزمه تلك الصفة ، وقد عرفت أن النفس في المتنفس ما يستلزمه فلذلك قبل النفس الإلهي صور العالم فهو لها كالجوهر الهيولاني وليس إلا عين الطبيعة﴾

النفس الرحماني : هو فيضان وجود الممكنات التي إذا بقيت في العدم على حال ثبوت أعيانها بالقوة كانت كرب الرحمن إذا وصف نفسه بالنفس وجب أن ينسب إليه جميع ما يستلزمه النفس من التنفيس وقبول صور الحروف والكلمات ، وهي هاهنا الكلمات الكونية والأسمائية ، فإن الوجود إنما يفيض بمقتضيات الأسماء الإلهية ومقتضيات قوابلها . فللنفس أحدية جمع الفواعل الأسمائية والقوابل الكونية والتقابل الذي بين الأسماء وبين القوابل وبين الفعل والانفعال ، فكذلك وجود الإنسان الذي هو من النفس يستلزم الفاعل الذي هو النافخ ، والقابل الذي هو صورة البشر العنصري ، والفعل والانفعال الذي هو النفخ وحياة الصورة . فلذلك قبل النفخ صور العالم أي وجودات الأكوان ، كما يقبل نفس المتنفس صور الحروف والكلمات ، وبظهورها يحصل النفس عن كرب الرحمن . فالنفس لها أي لصورة العالم كالجوهر الهيولاني للصور المختلفة ، وليس ما يستلزمه النفس الرحماني إلا عين الطبيعة يعنى الطبيعة الكلية ، وهي اسم الله القوى . وهي التي لا تكون أفعالها إلا على وتيرة واحدة سواء كانت مع الشعور أو لا معه ، فإن التي لا شعور له معه له شعور في الباطن عند أهل الكشف . فلا حركة عندهم إلا من الشعور ظاهرا وباطنا حتى إن الجماد له شعور في الباطن ، فالطبيعة الكلية بهذا المعنى تشمل الأرواح المجردة الملكوتية والقوى المنطبعة في الأجرام ، ويسميها الإشراقيون النور القاهر . ثم قسموا الأنوار القاهرة أي القوية في التأثير إلى قسمين : المفارقات ، وأصحاب الأصنام . والمفارقات : هم الملأ الأعلى ، لأن كل واحد من أهل الجبروت والملكوت لا يفعل ما يفعله إلا على وتيرة واحدة ، ولا يفعل بعضهم أفعال بعض كما حكى الله عنهم – " وما مِنَّا إِلَّا لَه مَقامٌ مَعْلُومٌ " - وأصحاب الأصنام هم القوى المنطبعة في الجوهر الهيولاني وخصصها أي الأنوار القاهرة باسم الطبائع . فإن الطبيعة عند الفلاسفة قوة سارية في جميع الأجسام تحركها إلى الكمال وتحفظها ما دامت تحمل الحفظ ، فوافق وجدان الشيخ وذوقه مذهب الإشراقيين ، فمن الطبيعة الكلية القوى المنطبعة في الأجسام الهيولانية القابلة للصور . ومن لوازم النفس الرحماني الطبيعة الكلية ، وهيولى العالم القابلة على ما ذكرنا أن النفس يستلزم الفواعل والقوابل وله أحديتهما ، فإن الوجود الإضافي صورة أحدية الفواعل والقوابل حتى تصير الجملة به موجودا واحدا وكلمة هي حروفها كالحيوان والنبات وسائر الأكوان. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

The Breath of the All-Merciful (al-nafas al-raḥmānī): it is the effusion (fayḍ) of the existence of the possible things which, if they remained in nonexistence in the state of the fixity of their entities in potency, would constitute the distress (karb) of the All-Merciful. Since He described Himself by the Breath, it necessarily follows that everything the breath entails - of relieving (tanfīs) and receiving the forms of letters and words - be ascribed to Him. These here are the cosmic and nominal words (al-kalimāt al-kawniyya wa l-asmāʾiyya), for existence only flows forth (yafīḍu) by virtue of the requirements of the Divine Names and the requirements of their receptacles (qawābil). So the Breath possesses the oneness that gathers (aḥadiyyat jamʿ) the nominal agents and the cosmic receptacles, and the mutual opposition (taqābul) that exists between the Names and the receptacles and between action and passion (al-fiʿl wa l-infiʿāl). Likewise, the existence of the human being, which is from the Breath, entails the agent (al-fāʿil) who is the one who breathes, the receptacle (al-qābil) which is the elemental human form, and the action and passion which is the breathing (nafkh) and the life of the form. Hence the breathing received the forms of the world, i.e., the existences of the cosmic beings (al-akwān), just as the breath of the one who breathes receives the forms of letters and words, and by their manifestation the relief (al-nafas) from the distress of the All-Merciful is achieved. So the breath - i.e., for the form of the world - is like the hylic substance for the various forms, and what the Breath of the All-Merciful entails is nothing but the very essence of Nature, meaning universal Nature (al-ṭabīʿa al-kulliyya), which is the Divine Name 'the Powerful' (al-Qawī). It is that whose acts are never other than on one single mode (waṭīra wāḥida), whether accompanied by consciousness or not; for that which has no consciousness with it has, according to the people of unveiling (ahl al-kashf), consciousness in its inward aspect. So for them there is no motion except from consciousness, outward and inward, to the point that even the inanimate thing has consciousness inwardly. Universal Nature in this sense thus comprises the disengaged celestial spirits (al-arwāḥ al-mujarrada al-malakūtiyya) and the powers imprinted in the bodies (al-quwā al-munṭabiʿa fī l-ajrām), and the Illuminationists (al-Ishrāqiyyūn) call them 'the overpowering light' (al-nūr al-qāhir). They then divided the overpowering lights - i.e., those powerful in effect - into two categories: the separate ones (al-mufāraqāt) and the possessors of idols (aṣḥāb al-aṣnām). The separate ones are the Supreme Assembly (al-malaʾ al-aʿlā), for each one among the people of the Jabarūt and the Malakūt does not do what it does except on one single mode, nor does any of them do the acts of another, as God relates of them: 'and there is not one of us but has a known station' [Q. 37:164]. And the possessors of idols are the powers imprinted in the hylic substance, and they specified them - i.e., the overpowering lights - by the name 'natures' (al-ṭabāʾiʿ). For Nature, according to the philosophers, is a power flowing through all bodies, moving them toward perfection and preserving them as long as they retain the capacity for preservation. Thus the Shaykh's finding (wijdān) and tasting (dhawq) agreed with the doctrine of the Illuminationists. So from universal Nature come the powers imprinted in the hylic bodies receptive of forms. And among the necessary concomitants of the Breath of the All-Merciful is universal Nature, and the hylē of the world receptive [of forms], according to what we have mentioned - namely that the Breath entails the agents and the receptacles and possesses their oneness, for relational existence (al-wujūd al-iḍāfī) is the form of the oneness of the agents and the receptacles, until the whole becomes, by it, one single existent and one word whose letters are like the animal, the plant, and the rest of the cosmic beings (al-akwān). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

al-Jandī

﴿وممّا يدلّ على ما ذكرناه في أمر النفخ الروحاني مع صورة البشر العنصري هو أنّ الحق وصف نفسه بالنفس الرحماني ولا بدّ لكل موصوف بصفة أن يتبع الصفة جميع ما تستلزمه تلك الصفة ، وقد عرفت أنّ النفس في المتنفّس لم يلزمه ، فلذلك قبل النفس الإلهيّ صور العالم . فهو لها كالجوهر الهيولاني ، وليس إلَّا عين الطبيعة ، فالعناصر صورة من صور الطبيعة ، وما فوق العناصر وما تولَّد عنها فهو أيضا من صور الطبيعة وهي الأرواح العلوية التي فوق السماوات السبع ، وأمّا أرواح السماوات السبع وأعيانها فهي عنصرية ، فإنّها من دخان العناصر المتولَّد عنها ، وما يكون عن كل سماء من الملائكة فهو منها ، فهم عنصريون ، ومن فوقهم طبيعيون ، ولهذا وصفهم الله بالاختصام ، أعني الملأ الأعلى ، لأنّ الطبيعة متقابلة ، والتقابل الذي في الأسماء الإلهية التي هي النسب إنّما أعطاه النفس ، ألا ترى الذات الخارجة عن هذا الحكم كيف جاء فيها الغنى عن العالمين ؟ فلهذا خرج العالم على صورة من أوجدهم وليس إلَّا النفس الإلهيّ﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني رضي الله عنه : أنّ النفس لمّا نسب إلى الرحمن وكان صفة له ، فإنّه يضاف وينسب إلى الحق الرحمن جميع ما يستلزمه النفس من التنفيس وقبول صور الحروف والكلمات الكونية والأسماء الإلهية والحرارة والرطوبة والحياة وسرّ التقابل الذي في حقيقة الجمعية الأحدية والنفسية الرحمانية . فإنّ النفس عبارة عن الوجود الفائض بمقتضيات الأسماء الإلهية ومقتضيات قوابلها وحقائقها جميعا ، فله أحدية جمع الجمعين مع الوجود بين المتقابلات والمتماثلات والمتنافيات والمتشاكلات الإلهية والكونية جميعا ، وفيه أيضا سرّ الجمع بين الفعل والانفعال ، والهيولانية المّادّة القابلة للصور كلَّها والطبيعة الفعّالة لها فيه ، كما قد أشرنا إلى كل ذلك في الفصّ الآدمي والشيثي وغيرهما بما فيه مقنع للأولياء ، فاذكر . ونزيد هاهنا بما لم يذكر وهو أنّ الطبيعة الكلَّية وإن كانت - كما ذكرنا - هي الحقيقة الفعّالة للصور كلَّها إلهيّها وكونيّها ، علوا وسفلا ، فإنّها أيضا عين المادّة التي حصرت قوابل العالم كلَّه ، ففيه قابلية هيولانية لأن يفعل في النفس جميع الصور ، فهي بانفعالاتها المادية الهيولانية تفعل صور الفاعليات الأسمائية أيضا من الوجود الحق ، فهي فاعلة من وجه ، منفعلة من آخر ، لحقيقتها الجمعية الأحدية النفسية ، فإنّها عين النفس الممتدّ من حقيقة الحقائق الكبرى بأحدية جمع الحقائق الفعلية والانفعالية جامعا لحقائق المراتب والوجود ، فافهم . قال رضي الله عنه

; therefore the divine Breath received the forms of the world. So He is, for them, like the hylic substance (al-jawhar al-hayūlānī), being nothing but the very reality of Nature (al-ṭabīʿa) itself. The elements are one form among the forms of Nature; and whatever is above the elements and generated from them is likewise among the forms of Nature—these being the celestial spirits above the seven heavens. As for the spirits of the seven heavens and their entities, they are elemental, for they arise from the vapor of the elements generated from them; and whatever proceeds from each heaven of the angels belongs to it, so they are elemental, while those above them are "natural" (ṭabīʿiyyūn). This is why God described them—I mean the Supreme Assembly (al-malaʾ al-aʿlā)—as disputing (al-ikhtiṣām), because Nature involves mutual opposition, and the opposition found in the divine Names, which are relations (nisab), was given to them only by the Breath. Do you not see how the Essence, being exempt from this ruling, is described as "free of need from the worlds"? This is why the world came forth in the form of Him who brought them into existence, and that is nothing but the Divine Breath]—he, may God be pleased with him, means: that since the Breath was ascribed to the All-Merciful and was an attribute of His, then everything that the Breath entails—of exhalation (tanfīs), of receiving the forms of the letters and the cosmic words and the divine Names, and heat, moisture, and life, and the secret of the mutual opposition found within the reality of the unitary comprehensiveness (al-jamʿiyya al-aḥadiyya) and the Merciful selfhood (al-nafsiyya al-raḥmāniyya)—is ascribed and attributed to the Real, the All-Merciful. For the Breath is an expression for the existence that overflows according to the requirements of the divine Names and the requirements of their receptacles and realities, all together. It thus possesses the unitary gathering of the two gatherings (aḥadiyyat jamʿ al-jamʿayn), together with existence, among the mutually opposed, the mutually resembling, the mutually incompatible, and the mutually congruent things—divine and cosmic, altogether. In it also lies the secret of the union of action and reception/passivity (al-fiʿl wa-l-infiʿāl), and of hylic matter (al-hayūlāniyya al-mādda) receptive of all forms, together with the Nature that is active upon it—all of this being within it, just as we have already alluded to all of this in the chapter of Adam and the chapter of Seth and others, in what suffices for the saints (al-awliyāʾ)—so recall it. We add here what was not mentioned there, namely: that universal Nature (al-ṭabīʿa al-kulliyya), although it is—as we have mentioned—the reality active in producing all forms, divine and cosmic, high and low, is also itself identical with the Matter that encompasses the receptacles of the whole world. In it, then, is a hylic receptivity for the Breath to act upon it with all forms; thus it, by its material, hylic receptivities, also produces the forms of the agencies of the Names, from the Real existence. So it is, from one aspect, agent, and from another, recipient, by virtue of its unitary, comprehensive, selfhood reality (ḥaqīqatihā al-jamʿiyya al-aḥadiyya al-nafsiyya). For it is identical with the Breath extended from the Reality of Realities Supreme, by the unitary gathering of the active and receptive realities, comprehending the realities of the ranks and of existence—so understand. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿ومما يدل على ما ذكرناه في أمر النفخ الروحاني مع صورة البشر العنصري هو أن الحق وصف نفسه بالنفس الروحاني ، ولا بد لكل موصوف بصفة أن يتبع الصفة جميع ما تستلزمه تلك الصفة ، وقد عرفت أن النفس في المتنفس ما يستلزمه فلذلك قبل النفس الإلهي صور العالم فهو لها كالجوهر الهيولاني وليس إلا عين الطبيعة﴾

( ومما يدل ) يعنى أن النفخ في الصورة العيسوية بلا تقدم الاستواء على النفخ لا كغيره من الإنسان ، فإن استواء صورهم مقدم على نفخ الروح . والدليل على ذلك قوله ( هو أن الحق وصف ) .اهـ بالى ( في المتنفس ما يستلزمه ) م : استفهام أو موصول ، أي الذي يستلزمه من صور الحروف والكلمات وإزالة الكرب وغير ذلك ، فاتبع المتنفس بالنفس جميع ما يستلزمه من إزالة الكرب وصور الحروف والكلمات النطقية ( فلذلك ) أي فلأجل اتباع الموصوف جميع ما تستلزمه تلك الصفة ( قبل النفس الإلهي صورة العالم ) اهـ بالى ( وليس إلا عين الطبيعة ) التي هي تقبل الصور ، فقبل نفخ جبريل الصورة العيسوية بحيث لا تنفك عن الروح النفخى فالعرش والكرسي مع أرواحهما وملائكتهما طبيعيون ، فما من صورة من الصور مما سوى الله إلا وهي صورة من صور الطبيعة ، وما من صورة من صور الطبيعة إلا وهي إما عنصرية وإما طبيعية

("And among what indicates") meaning that the breathing-in into the Jesus-form occurred without the leveling preceding the breathing — unlike the rest of humankind, for whom the leveling of their forms precedes the breathing of the spirit. And the proof of this is his statement: ("is that the Real described") — so said [the commentator] Bālī. ("In the one who breathes, is whatever it necessitates") — "mā" here is either interrogative or relative, i.e., whatever it necessitates of the forms of letters and words, the removal of distress, and the like; so the one who breathes with the breath is followed by all that it necessitates, of the removal of distress and the forms of articulated letters and words. ("Thus") i.e., for the sake of the described thing's being followed by all that attribute necessitates, ("the Divine Breath accepted the form of the cosmos") — so said [the commentator] Bālī. ("Being nothing other than Nature itself"), which is that which accepts forms; so Gabriel's breathing accepted the Jesus-form in such a way that it is inseparable from the breathed spirit. Thus the Throne and the Seat, together with their spirits and their angels, are natural (ṭabīʿī); for there is no form among the forms of what is other than God except that it is one of the forms of Nature, and there is no form among the forms of Nature except that it is either elemental or natural [in another sense].

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8421); moved here

al-Qāshānī

﴿وغذ خلقه منه %~% تكون روحا وريحانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إشارة إلى ما سبق من أن الحق بالوجود غذاء الخلق ، إذ به قوامه وبقاؤه وحياته كالغذاء الذي به قوام المتغذى وبقاؤه وحياته ، فغذ أنت بالوجود الحق لأنك النائب في ذلك عن الله ، وقد تغذى الحق بأحكام الكون وصور الخلق كما تقرر من قبل . فظهر له بذلك أسماء وصفات ونعوت وأحكام ونسب وإضافات ، فيكون هذا روحا للحقائق الكونية العدمية تريحها بالوجود عن العدم وتروحها عن ظلمتها بنور القدم ، وتكون ريحانا للوجود الحق بالروائح الحقيقية الكائنة والنشأة الصورية الإمكانية

This refers to what preceded, namely that the Real, through existence, is the nourishment of creation, since by it is its subsistence, its persistence, and its life, like nourishment by which the subsistence, persistence, and life of the one nourished is maintained. So nourish, you, by true existence, for you are the deputy in that on God's behalf. The Real has indeed been nourished by the determinations of the cosmos and the forms of creation, as was established before. Thereby Names, attributes, qualities, determinations, relations (nisab), and ascriptions became manifest to Him. So this becomes a spirit for the cosmic, non-existential realities, giving them rest through existence from non-existence, and giving them repose from their darkness through the light of the Eternal (al-qidam); and it becomes a fragrant herb for true existence through the true fragrances occurring and the possible formal engendering

al-Jandī

﴿وغذّ خلقه منه %~% تكن روحا وريحانا﴾

يشير رضي الله عنه : إلى ما قرّرنا من قبل أنّ الحقّ بالوجود غذاء الخلق ، إذ به قوامه وبقاءه وحياته ، كالغذاء به يكون قوام المغتذي وحياته وبقاؤه . وكذلك تغذّي أنت بالوجود الحق الفائض جميع الخلق ، لأنّك النائب في ذلك عن الله ، وكذلك تغذّي الوجود الحقّ بأحكام الكون وصوره ، وتوجد بذلك له أسماء وصفات ونعوتا وأحكاما ونسبا وإضافات ، وبهذا تكون روحا للحقائق الكونية العدمية تريحها بالوجود عن العدم ، وتروّحها عن ظلمتها بنور القدم ، وكذلك تكون ريحانا للوجود الحق بالروائح الخلقية الكيانية والنشآت الصورية الإمكانية

He, may God be pleased with him, points to what we established before: that the Real, through Being (al-wujūd), is the nourishment of creation, since by it is its subsistence, its continuance, and its life—just as, through food, the subsistence, life, and continuance of the one nourished comes about. Likewise, you nourish, through the Real Being that flows forth, the whole of creation, since you are the deputy (nāʾib) in that on behalf of God; and likewise you nourish the Real Being with the determinations (aḥkām) of created existence and its forms, and through this you bring into existence for Him names, attributes, descriptions, determinations, relations (nisab), and ascriptions. And by this you become a spirit (rūḥ) for the cosmic, non-existent realities, giving them rest (tastarīḥuhā) from nonexistence through existence, and refreshing them from their darkness by the light of eternity (qidam); and likewise you become sweet basil (rayḥān) for the Real Being through the created, contingent fragrances and the formal, possible emanations (nashaʾāt).

Ibn Turka

﴿وغذ خلقه منه %~% تكن روحا وريحانا … وغذّ خلقه منه … تكن روحا﴾

لروحك ( وريحانا ) للمستنشقين منك روائح الحياة الأبديّة . ثمّ لما بيّن أمر الجمع والإجمال بما لا مزيد عليه محرّضا للطالبين والواجدين أن يطعموا الخلائق من تلك الأغذية الإجماليّة ، فإنها اسّ العلوم الذوقيّة والمعارف الوجدانيّة ، أشار إلى مبدأ التفرقة الكونيّة من تلك الجمعيّة المشار إليها بحيث يفضي إلى ما هو المقصد هاهنا بقوله

for your spirit (and a sweet basil) for those who inhale from you the scents of eternal life. Then, when he had explained the matter of the comprehensive gathering and summation in the most complete way, urging the seekers and the finders to feed creatures from those summary nourishments - for they are the foundation of the sciences of tasting and the experiential forms of knowledge - he pointed to the origin of cosmic differentiation arising from that comprehensiveness referred to, in a way that leads to what is intended here, by his saying:

Jāmī

﴿وغذ خلقه منه %~% تكن روحا وريحانا﴾

( وغذ ) بتلك الجامعية والوساطة

(and nourish) through that comprehensiveness (jāmiʿiyya) and mediation

﴿خلقه منه﴾

سبحانه باستفاضة الوجود والكمالات منه وإفاضتها عليهم

— exalted is He — by receiving the effusion (fayḍ) of existence and perfections from Him and pouring them forth upon them

Bālī Zāde

﴿وغذ خلقه منه %~% تكن روحا وريحان … وغذ خلقه منه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الضميران عائدان إلى اللّه

the two pronouns refer to God.

Words 4–5 · 2 of 5

تَكُنْ رُوْحًا

Jāmī

﴿تكن روحا﴾

أي راحة وتنفيسا لهم عن كرب العدم والنقصان ( وريحانا ) يستنشقون منك روائح الحياة العلمية والكمالات الوجودية

that is, rest and relief for them from the distress of nonexistence and deficiency — (and sweet basil) from which they inhale the scents of knowledge-based life and existential perfections

Bālī Zāde

﴿تكن روحا﴾

وغذاء روحانية الخلق يغتذي بك ويتلذذ بك ( وريحانا ) تشم من نفخات إنسك مع الحق

and spiritual nourishment for creation, who are nourished by you and take delight in you, ("and sweet basil") — you will inhale from the breaths of intimacy with the Real.

al-Qāshānī

﴿فأعطيناه ما يبدو %~% به فينا وأعطانا﴾

(فصار الأمر مقسوم %~% بإياه وإيانا ) أي أعطينا الحق من قابلياتنا ما يظهر به فينا بنا ، وأعطانا الوجود الذي به ظهرنا ، فصار الأمر الوجودي ذا وجهين : نسبة إلينا ، ونسبة إليه تعالى . منقسما باعتبار العقل لا في العين إلى قسمين : وقد وضع الضمير المنصوب المنفصل موضع المجرور المتصل ، لأن المراد اللفظ أي بهذين اللفظين . كأنه قال : بأن أعطينا الظهور بنا إياه وأعطى الوجود به إيانا

(Thus the matter became divided %~% between Him and us)] That is, We gave the Real, from our receptivities, that by which He becomes manifest in us, through us; and He gave us the existence by which we became manifest. Thus the existential matter acquired two aspects: a relation (nisba) to us, and a relation to Him, exalted is He - divided, in respect of the intellect, not in actual fact (al-ʿayn), into two parts. The detached accusative pronoun has been placed in the position of the attached genitive pronoun, because what is intended is the wording itself, that is, by these two expressions. It is as though he said: that We gave manifestation through us to Him, and He gave existence through Himself to us

al-Jandī

﴿فأعطيناه ما يبدو %~% به فينا وأعطانا﴾

( فصار الأمر مقسوم %~% بإيّاه و إيّانا ) أي أعطانا الحق من خصوصيات قابلياتنا ما يظهر به فينا في تعيّنه بنا ، وأعطانا وجودا به أيضا ظهورنا لنا ، فصار الأمر الوجودي ذا وجهين له نسبة إلينا ونسبة إليه ، فيقسم في العقل قسمين لا في العين فقرّبنا عين العينين ، ولهذا سمّانا إنسان العين لأهل الإشارة والفوز بالحسنيين في الطرفين . قال رضي الله عنه

(So the affair became divided %~% between him and Us) — that is, the Real gave us, from the specific features of our receptivities, that through which He becomes manifest in us in His entification by us; and He also gave us, through [that gift], our manifestation to ourselves. So the existential affair became two-sided, having a relation to us and a relation to Him; it is thus divided in the intellect into two divisions, though not in the [concrete] entity (al-ʿayn), and thereby He drew us near to the very entity of the two entities (ʿayn al-ʿaynayn). This is why He named us "the human of the eye/essence" (insān al-ʿayn) for the people of allusion, and "the attainer of the two good things" (al-ḥusnayayn) in both respects. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿فأعطيناه ما يبدو %~% به فينا وأعطان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( فأعطيناه ) عطفا على قوله : « فلا يحجب » أي نحن في ذلك التعيّن العيني أعطيناه ( ما يبدوا )

("So We gave him") connected to his saying "so do not be veiled," i.e., we, in that particular entification, gave him (what appears)

Jāmī

﴿فأعطيناه ما يبدو %~% به فينا وأعطانا﴾

( فأعطيناه ) بالفناء فيه والرجوع إليه

(So We gave him) through annihilation in Him and return to Him

﴿ما يبدو﴾

من الوجود وكمالاته ( به ) ، أي بتجلياته قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( فصار الأمر مقسوم %~% بإياه وإيان فأحياه الذي يدري %~% بقلبي حين أحيان فكنا فيه أكوان %~% وأعيانا وأزمان وليس بدائم فين %~% ولكن ذاك أحيان (فينا ) بحسب حقائقنا واستعداداته ( وأعطانا ) بالبقاء بعد الفناء عما أفنيناه فيه عند الفناء فيه (فصار الأمر مقسوم %~% بإياه وإيانا)

of existence and its perfections (through Him) — that is, through His self-disclosures. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: ("So the matter became divided / between Him and us. He gave life, He who knows, / through my heart, when He gave life. So we became in Him existent things, / entities, and times. Yet it is not permanent in us, / but that is only at certain times") — (in us) according to our realities and our preparednesses (istiʿdādāt) — (and He gave us) subsistence (al-baqāʾ) after the annihilation of that in which we had been annihilated, at the moment of annihilation in Him — ("So the matter became divided / between Him and us")

Bālī Zāde

﴿فأعطيناه ما يبدو %~% به فينا وأعطانا﴾

( فصار الأمر مقسوما بإياه ) أي بما أعطيناه إياه ( وإيانا ) أي بما أعطاه إيانا

("So the matter became divided by Him") i.e., by what We gave Him ("and by us") i.e., by what He gave us.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8365); moved here

﴿فأعطيناه ما يبدو %~% به فينا وأعطان … فأعطيناه ما يبدو به﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي أعطيناه الحق ما يظهر به من صورة استعدادنا ( فينا ) من الأسماء والصفات كالحياة والعلم والقدرة فيظهر فينا بهذه الصفات بحسب استعدادنا وفاعل ما يبدو ضمير عائد إلى الحق وبه عائد إلى الموصول ( وأعطانا ) ما ظهرنا به من وجودنا وأحوالن ومقتضيات ذواتن ( فصار الأمر مقسوم %~% بإياه وإيان )

i.e., We gave the Real that by which He appears, from the form of our preparedness, ("in us") of the names and attributes — such as life, knowledge, power — so He appears in us through these attributes according to our preparedness. The agent of "appears" is a pronoun referring to the Real, and "by which" refers to the relative clause. ("And He gave us") that by which we appeared, of our existence, our states, and the requirements of our essences (dhāt). ("So the matter became divided %~% by Him and by us")

Words 10–11 · 1 of 5

بِهِ فِينَا

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿به فينا﴾

من الصور والقوالب المشتملة عليها القوابل ، ( فأعطانا ) الظهور بها وهذه النسبة منشأ التفرقة . ( فصار الأمر مقسوم %~% بإيّاه وإيّانا)

of the forms and moulds which the recipients comprise, ("and he gave Us") manifestation through them - and this relation is the source of differentiation. ("So the affair became divided / between Him and us")

Jāmī

﴿فصار الأمر﴾

أي المعطى له

that is, that which is given

Bālī Zāde

﴿فصار الأمر مقسوما بإياه﴾

أي بما أعطيناه إياه ( وإيانا ) أي بما أعطاه إيان

i.e., by what We gave Him, ("and by us") i.e., by what He gave us.

Ibn Turka

﴿بإيّاه وإيّانا﴾

ثمّ إنّ الظهور والوجود وأحكامه من العلم والحياة لما كان هو سهم الحقّ في هذه القسمة

Then, since manifestation and existence and their properties - knowledge and life - constitute the Real's share in this division,

Jāmī

﴿مقسوما بإياه وإيانا﴾

أي به وبنا فتارة هو سبحانه المعطى له وتارة نحن ، أو صار الأمر المعطى مقسوما بما أعطيناه إياه وبما أعطاه إيانا . وإنما أتى بالضمير المنصوب مع أن الظاهر المجرور ، لأنه حكاية عن الضمير المنصوب المتصل الذي هو مفعول للإعطاء ، فلما ترك الفعل صار منفصلا

that is, by Him and by us — sometimes He, exalted is He, is the one given to, and sometimes it is we; or the matter given became divided between what we gave to Him and what He gave to us. He used the accusative pronoun even though the apparent construction would call for the genitive, because it is a quotation of the connected accusative pronoun which is the object of "giving" (al-iʿṭāʾ); when the verb was omitted, it became independent.

al-Qāshānī

﴿فأحياه الذي يدرى %~% بقلبي حين أحيانا﴾

أي حين أحيانا وأوجدنا بوجوده أحياه وأظهره الذي يعلمه في قلبي من حياته بحياتنا وظهوره بصورنا وسمعنا وبصرنا كما ذكرنا في قرب الفرائض ، ومنه قوله : سبحان من أودع ناسوته سر سنا لاهوته الثاقب ، ثم بدا في خلقه ظاهرا في صورة الآكل والشارب . ( فكنا فيه أكوان %~% وأعيانا وأزمانا ) وكنا في الأزل قبل أن يوجدنا أكوانا في ذاته : أي كانت حقائقنا أعيان شؤونه الذاتية الإلهية ، والوجود الحق مظهرا لنا ومجلى لتلك الأعيان ، فكنا فيه أكوانه الأزلية التي كان بنا ، ولم نكن معه لكوننا عين كونه الذي كان ، ولم نكن في غيب العالم الأزلي وكذلك في الوجود العيني أحيانا ، وكوننا بأن كان سمعنا وبصرنا وقوانا وجوارحنا ، وفي الجملة أعياننا في قرب النوافل فكنا سمعه وبصره ولسانه وأعيان أسمائه وأكوانه في قرب الفرائض . وأما كوننا أزمانا فيه فلتقدم الدهر بتقدم بعضنا على بعض وتأخر بعضنا عن بعض في الوجود والمرتبة ، فإن كل متنوع منا وملزوم من أحوالنا يتقدم في الوجود والمرتبة والشرف تابعة ولازمة ، فكنا في الحق أزمانا بالتقدم والتأخر في المظهرية ، وصار امتداد النفس الرحماني بنا أنفاسا وأوقاتا وامتداد الدهر أزمانا . ( وليس بدائم فين %~% ولكن ذلك أحيانا ) أي وليس ذلك القرب أي قرب الفرائض والنوافل دائما فينا ولكن أحيانا ، لقوله عليه الصلاة والسلام « لي مع الله وقت لا يسعني فيه ملك مقرب ولا نبي مرسل » وقول زين العابدين : لنا وقت يكوننا فيه الحق ولا يكوننا ، وهو زمان على حقيقة الإنسان الكامل على خلقه . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

That is, when He gave us life and brought us into existence through His existence, He revived and manifested him whom my heart knows of His life through our life, and His manifestation through our forms, our hearing, and our sight, as we mentioned concerning the proximity of the supererogatory acts (qurb al-nawāfil). From this comes the saying: Glory be to Him who deposited in His human nature the secret of the piercing radiance of His divine nature, then appeared in His creation, manifest in the form of one who eats and drinks. (So we were, in Him, cosmoses %~% and entities and times) That is, we were in eternity, before He brought us into existence, cosmoses within His Essence: that is, our realities were the entities (aʿyān) of His essential, divine affairs (shuʾūn), and true existence was a locus of manifestation for us and a locus of disclosure for those entities. So we were, in Him, His eternal cosmoses by which He was [manifest], and We were not with Him, since we are the very identity of His being that was; and we were not in the unseen of the eternal world, and likewise in actual existence, at certain times (aḥyānan). And our being [that] He was our hearing and our sight and our faculties and our organs, and in sum, our entities, in the proximity of the supererogatory acts - thus we were His hearing, His sight, His tongue, and the entities of His Names and His cosmoses in the proximity of the obligatory acts (qurb al-farāʾiḍ). As for our being times (azmān) within Him, that is because of the precedence of time (dahr) through the precedence of some of us over others and the posteriority of some of us to others in existence and in rank; for every differentiated thing among us, and everything necessarily entailed by our states, that precedes in existence, rank, and nobility - its consequence and necessary concomitant follows it. So we were, in the Real, times through precedence and posteriority in being-a-locus-of-manifestation, and the extension of the Merciful Breath (al-nafas al-raḥmānī) through us became breaths and moments, and the extension of time (dahr) became times (azmān). (And that is not perpetual within us %~% but rather it occurs at certain times) That is, that proximity - the proximity of the obligatory and the supererogatory acts - is not perpetual within us but occurs only at certain times, in accordance with his saying, peace and blessings be upon him: "I have, with God, a time (waqt) which no angel brought near, nor any sent prophet, can contain along with me," and the saying of Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn: "We have a time (waqt) in which the Real makes us be, and [a time in which] He does not make us be," and this pertains to the reality of the perfect human (al-insān al-kāmil) with respect to his creatureliness (khalq). The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Jandī

﴿فأحياه الذي يدري %~% بقلبي حين أحيانا﴾

(وكنّا فيه أكوان %~% وأزمانا وأعيانا ) يشير رضي الله عنه : إلى أنّ الحقائق الكلَّية الإنسانية أعيان الشؤون الذاتية الإلهية ، والوجود الحق مظهر ومجلى لتلك الأعيان ، فإنّا نحن فيه أكوانه الأزلية التي كان بنا ولم نكن معه لأعياننا ، لكوننا عين كونه الذي كان ولم نكن في غيب العلم الأزلي . وكذلك في الوجود العيني بكوننا ، ويكون سمعنا وبصرنا وأعياننا وقوانا وجوارحنا في قرب النوافل ، ونكون أيضا كذلك سمعه وبصره ولسانه وأعيان أسمائه وأكوانه . وأمّا كوننا أزمانا فيه فمن حيث إنّ مظهرياتنا موجبة لتقدّر الاسم الدهر ، فإنّ مبدأ إضافة الوجود وتعيّنه امتداد النفس الرحماني والفيض الوجودي إلى أبد الأبد ، لا يتقدّر ولا يتعين إلَّا بحسب القوابل ، والزمان مقدار حركة الفلك المحيط عرفا فلسفي وهو عند المحقّق صاحب الكشف صورة الزمان لا حقيقته ، وحقيقته معنى امتداد أمداد الأنفاس الرحمانية والتجلَّيات الوجودية بالتعلَّقات الإرادية الإلهية إلى الحقائق والأعيان لإيجاد الأكوان في حضرة الإمكان . فلو لا الحقائق الكيانية ، وأقدارها في قابلياتها وخصوصياتها في مراتبها الذاتية ، وتقدّمها وتأخّرها المرتبتان الذاتيتان ، لما تعيّنت المقادير الإيجادية ، فنحن بكمال قابلياتنا وسعتها نقبل أمداد الأنفاس الرحمانية بالتقدّم وبالتأخّر في القابليات الناقصة التابعة ، فإنّ الحقائق منها تابعة ومنها متبوعة ، وملزومة ولازمة ، ولوازم لوازم وعوارض ولواحق . فالحقائق المتبوعة الملزومة الكاملة تقبل الوجود أوّلا ومنها ينفذ نور الوجود إلى التوابع واللوازم وما ذكر ، فتحقّق بين المبادي والغايات حقيقة التقدّم والتأخّر الذاتي والمرتبي بحقيقة معقولية امتداد الوجود من أوّل قابل - مثلا - إلى آخر موجود . فحقيقة الزمان معقولية ذلك الامتداد ، ومعقولية تعلَّقه بكل عين عين حقيقة الآن الذي لا ينقسم ، فإنّ تعلَّق النور النفسي الوجودي الحق بكل عين غير قبوله باستعداده الذاتي ، ومعقولية أحدية جمع الامتدادات والتعلَّقات النورية الوجودية النفسية الإلهية إلى ما لا يتناهى حقيقة الاسم الدهر ، فمن حيث إن الوجود بنا وبحقائقنا يتقدّر ويتعين كنّا فيه أزمانا . وقد قال بعض المحقّقين من أهل الحق : الوقت وعاء لما قدّر أو فيه ، ونحن كذلك أوعية لما يتقدّر فينا من التجلَّي والتعين وتنوّعاتهما إلى الأبد ، فافهم . وفيه إشارة أيضا إلى أنّا بحقائقنا وأعياننا الثابتة كنّا في الحق قبل قبول الوجود أزمانا لا تعرف أوّليّة ، إذ لا مبدأ وأزماننا بمعنى الحقيقة الذاتية ، لا بصورة الزمان ، فافهم ذلك . قال رضي الله عنه

(And We were in Him beings %~% and times and entities) — He, may God be pleased with him, alludes to the fact that the universal human realities are the entities (aʿyān) of the essential divine affairs (al-shuʾūn al-dhātiyya), and that the Real existence is the locus of manifestation (maẕhar) and the mirror (majlā) for those entities. For we, in Him, are His eternal beings (akwān) which existed through us, while we ourselves did not exist with Him with respect to our entities, since we are identical with His being which existed while we did not exist in the unseen of eternal knowledge. Likewise in concrete existence, by virtue of our [created] being, our hearing, sight, entities, faculties, and limbs come to be, in the "proximity of supererogatory works" (qurb al-nawāfil), and we likewise become His hearing, His sight, His tongue, and the entities of His names and His beings. As for our being "times" in Him: this is because our loci of manifestation necessitate the determination (taqaddur) of the Name "Time" (al-dahr). For the principle of the ascription of existence and its entification is the extension of the Breath of the All-Merciful (al-nafas al-raḥmānī) and the existential effusion unto the endless end, which is neither determined nor entified except according to the receptacles (qawābil). Time, in the philosophical convention, is the measure of the motion of the encompassing celestial sphere; but according to the verifier (al-muḥaqqiq), the possessor of unveiling, this is [merely] the form of time, not its reality. Its reality is the meaning of the extension of the extensions of the Breaths of the All-Merciful and the existential self-disclosures, through the volitional divine relations, to the realities and entities, for the production of created beings in the presence of possibility. For were it not for the ontic realities (al-ḥaqāʾiq al-kiyāniyya) and their measures in their receptivities and specific features within their essential ranks, and their essential and ranked precedence and posteriority, the existential measures would not have been entified. We, by the perfection of our receptivities and their capaciousness, receive the extensions of the Breaths of the All-Merciful with precedence and posteriority, within the deficient, dependent receptivities—for among the realities some are dependent and some are depended-upon, some are necessitated (malzūma) and some necessitating (lāzima), and [some are] concomitants of concomitants, accidents, and appendages. The depended-upon, necessitating, perfect realities receive existence first, and from them the light of existence passes through to the dependents, the concomitants, and what was mentioned. Thus there is realized, between the principles and the ends, the reality of essential and ranked precedence and posteriority, through the intelligible reality of the extension of existence from the first receptacle—for example—to the last existent. So the reality of time is the intelligibility of that extension, and the intelligibility of its attachment to each individual entity is the reality of the indivisible "now" (al-ān). For the attachment of the Real existential, selfhood-light (al-nūr al-nafsī al-wujūdī al-ḥaqq) to each entity differs from that entity's reception of it according to its essential preparedness; and the intelligibility of the unitary gathering (aḥadiyyat jamʿ) of these luminous, existential, selfhood, divine extensions and attachments unto infinity is the reality of the Name "al-Dahr." So, insofar as existence is determined and entified by us and by our realities, we were, in Him, "times." One of the verifying people of truth has said: "The moment (al-waqt) is a vessel for whatever is determined within it or [occurs] in it." We likewise are vessels for whatever is determined within us, of self-disclosure (tajallī) and entification and their varieties, unto eternity—so understand. There is also in this an allusion to the fact that we, by our realities and our fixed entities (aʿyān thābita), were in the Real, before receiving existence, "times" that know no beginning, since there is no [temporal] starting-point; and our "times" are in the sense of essential reality, not in the form of [measured] time—so understand that. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿فأحياه الذي يدري %~% بقلبي حين أحيان … فأحياه الذي يدري﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( بقلبي )حياة علميّة هي أشرف أنواعها كما سبق . فلئن قيل : إنما يصحّ ذلك لو لم تكن تلك الحياة له أزلا ، فإنّه على تقدير أزليّة حياته وعلمه لا يتصوّر إحياؤه بوجه . قلنا : إنّ العلوم والمعارف لله قسمان - على ما صرّح به الشيخ في أكثر تصانيفه - : منها ما يكون قديما أزليّا لازما لذاته تعالى ، ومنها ما يكون حادثا متجدّدا بتجدّد الكاملين من أشخاص الإنسان . ووجود القسم الثاني هو الغاية لإيجاد الخلق . وفي قوله : « الذي يدري بقلبي » إشعار بخصوصيّة القسم الأخير . فعلم أنّ الذي يعلم ويدرى بالقلب إحياؤه تعالى في هذا المظهر والنشأة

("through my heart") with a knowledge-based life, which is the noblest kind of life, as was said before. Now if it be said: this would only be valid if that life were not eternal for him, for on the assumption that his life and knowledge are eternal, his being quickened is inconceivable in any respect - we say: knowledge and forms of knowledge belonging to God are, as the Shaykh made explicit in most of his writings, of two kinds: one is eternal, necessary to His Essence, exalted is He; the other is contingent, renewed with the renewal of the perfect ones among the individuals of mankind. The existence of this second kind is the purpose of bringing creation into existence. And in his saying "He who knows through my heart" there is an indication of the specificity of this latter kind. Thus it is known that He who knows and is known through the heart - His quickening, exalted is He, occurs in this locus of manifestation and this configuration

Jāmī

﴿فأحياه الذي يدري %~% بقلبي حين أحيانا﴾

( فأحياه ) ، أي جعله سبحانه موصوفا بالحياة الشريفة العلمية المظهرية الحادثة

(He gave him life) — that is, He, exalted is He, made him characterized by the noble, knowledge-based, manifestational, contingent life

﴿الذي يدري﴾

ويعلم الأمور ( بقلبي ) وبقلب أمثالي وهو أنا وأمثالي ، فحين ظهر في أنانيتنا جعلناه موصوفا بهذه الحياة . وأما الحياة العلمية الغير المظهرية فهي لازمة لذاته سبحانه أزلا وأبدا لا مدخل لنا في اتصافه بها وذلك الإحياء إنما كان

and knows affairs (with my heart) and with the heart of those like me - that is, myself and those like me. So when He manifested in our I-ness, we made Him described by this life. As for the knowledge-life that is non-manifestational, it is necessarily entailed by His Essence, exalted is He, eternally and everlastingly; we have no part in His being qualified by it. And that giving-of-life was only

Bālī Zāde

﴿فأحياه الذي يدري %~% بقلبي حين أحيان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( فأحياه ) الضمير للقلب المذكور حكما أي أحيى قلبي بالحياة العلمية

("So He gave it life") — the pronoun refers to the aforementioned heart, i.e., He gave my heart life through knowing-life.

﴿فأحياه الذي يدرى %~% بقلبي حين أحيانا﴾

( فأحياه ) الضمير القلب المؤخر لفظا المقدم معنى : أي أحيا قلبي بالحياة العلمية ( الذي يدرى . بقلبي ) أي يعلم قلبي واستعداده الأزلي ( حين أحيانا ) بالحياة الحسية .اهـ بالى ( وكنا فيه ) أي وكنا في غيب الحق قبل الحياة ( أكواناوأعيانا وأزمانا) لا حياة لنا بالحياة الحسية والعلمية اهـ ( وليس ) هذا المذكور أو هذا التقريب مع الله ( بدائم فيناولكن ذاك أحيانا) أي وقتا دون وقت كما قال « لي مع الله وقت لا يسعني » الحديث

("So He gave it life") the pronoun refers to the heart, grammatically deferred but conceptually prior, i.e., He gave my heart life through knowing-life. ("The One who knows through my heart") i.e., who knows my heart and its eternal preparedness. ("When He gave us life") through sensory life — so said [the commentator] Bālī. ("And we were in Him") i.e., and we were in the nonmanifest (ghayb) of the Real, before life, ("as cosmoses, entities, and times") without life either in the sensory or the knowing mode — so said [the commentator]. ("And this is not permanent in us %~% rather that is only at times") i.e., this mentioned proximity to God is not permanent in us, but occurs at a time and not at another, as he said: "I have, with God, a moment that cannot contain me" — the ḥadīth.

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8376); moved here

﴿الذي يدري بقلبي﴾

أي يعلم قلبي واستعداده الأزلي

i.e., who knows my heart and its eternal preparedness.

Words 22–23 · 3 of 5

حِينَ أَحْيَانَا

Ibn Turka

﴿حين أحيانا﴾

ثمّ لما بيّن نصيب الحق وسهمه في تلك القسمة أشار إلى نصيب العبد ، منها بقوله : (فكنا فيه أكوان %~% وأعيانا وأزمانا)

Then, having explained the Real's portion and share in that division, he pointed to the servant's portion thereof, in his saying: ("So we became, in Him, cosmic entities, / and essences, and times")

Jāmī

﴿حين أحيانا﴾

بتجليه علينا بالحياة العلمية فانصبغت فينا فحدثت لنا نسبة مخصوصة لخصوص قابلياتنا ، فهي مأخوذة مع تلك النسبة حادثة ، واتصاف الحق بها إنما هو فينا ، فنحن جعلناه موصوفا بها فهذا هو المراد بإحيائه سبحانه . (فكنا فيه أكوان %~% وأعيانا وأزمانا) ( وكنا ) على سبيل الاستمرار ظاهرين ( فيه ) ، أي في مرآة وجوده تارة ( أكوانا ) ، أي مكونين مبتدعين في مرتبة الأرواح ( و ) تارة ( أعيانا ) ثابتة في مرتبة العلم ( و ) تارة ( أزمانا ) ، أي ذوي أزمان في الزمانيات

through His self-disclosure (tajallī) upon us with the knowledge-life, which then became imbued within us, so that there occurred for us a specific relation (nisba) corresponding to the particularity of our receptivities (qābiliyyāt). It is, taken together with that relation, something originated (ḥādith), and the Real's being qualified by it is only within us - we are the ones who made Him described by it. This is what is meant by His, exalted is He, giving life. ("So we were in Him engendered things, and entities, and times") ("We were") in a continuous manner manifest ("in Him"), i.e., in the mirror of His existence - at times ("engendered things" - akwānan), i.e., brought-into-being, originated things in the degree of spirits; and (at times) ("entities" - aʿyānan) fixed in the degree of knowledge; and (at times) ("times" - azmānan), i.e., possessors of times among temporal things.

Bālī Zāde

﴿حين أحيانا﴾

بالحياة الحسية . (فكنا فيه أكوان %~% وأعيانا وأزمان ) ( وكنا فيه ) أي وكنا في غيب الحق قبل الحياة

through sensory life. ("And we were in Him, as cosmoses, %~% and entities, and times") ("And we were in Him") i.e., and we were in the nonmanifest (ghayb) of the Real, before life.

Words 24–26 · 1 of 5

فَكُنَّا فِيهِ أَكْوَانًا

Only Ibn Turka comments here.

Ibn Turka

﴿فكنّا فيه أكوانا﴾

متحوّلة ( وأعيان ) ثابتة ( وأزمانا ) بها نتحوّل ونثبت ، فإنّ الأمور الكونيّة منحصرة في هذه الأقسام . وفيه إشارة إلى قرب الفرائض ، فإنّ العبد بجميع جوارحه وقواه في هذه الحضرة متجدّدة معها بالفعل ، فلا تتوهّم من : « كنّا » أنّ ذلك كان في الأزل ، كما توهّمه البعض فإن « كان » في أمثال هذه المواضع يفيد استمرار الأزمنة . كما قال الشيخ - فيما ألحق بقوله « كان الله ولم يكن معه شيء » يعني : « والآن كما كان » : إنّه لا حاجة إلى ذلك لدلالة " كان " عليه . اللهم إلَّا للإفصاح ودفع الاحتمال . وبيّن أن كون العبد آلة للحق وتبعا له في الوجود والشعور كما هو قرب الفرائض أمر ذاتيّ للعبد ، فهو من الضروريّات التي لا يحتاج فيها إلى تعيين وقت وحين ، دون عكسه ، وهو كون الحقّ آلة للعبد ، وهو المعبّر عنه عندهم بقرب النوافل ، فإنّه أمر عرضي إنما يتحقّق في بعض الأحيان ولذلك أشار إلى ذلك في صورة حينيّة بقوله : ( وليس بدائم فين %~% ولكن ذاك أحيان )

in transformation, (and essences) fixed, (and times) through which we are transformed and fixed - for cosmic matters are confined to these categories. And in it is an allusion to the proximity of the obligatory acts (qurb al-farāʾiḍ), for the servant, with all his limbs and faculties, is in this presence actually renewed along with it. So do not imagine from "we became" that this occurred in eternity, as some have imagined, for "kāna" (was/became) in places like this indicates the continuity of times - as the Shaykh said, regarding what was appended to the saying "God was, and there was nothing with Him," meaning "and now as He was": that there is no need for this, since "kāna" already indicates it, except for the sake of clarification and removal of ambiguity. And he explained that the servant's being an instrument for the Real and subordinate to Him in existence and perception - as is the proximity of the obligatory acts - is something essential to the servant, one of the necessities that requires no specification of time or moment, unlike its converse, namely the Real's being an instrument for the servant, which is what they term the proximity of the supererogatory acts (qurb al-nawāfil), for that is an accidental matter realized only at certain times; hence he alluded to it in a temporal form, saying: ("And it is not constant within us, / but that occurs at times")

Words 26–28 · 1 of 5

أَكْوَانًا وَأَعْيَانًا وَأَزْمَانًا

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿أكوانا وأعيانا وأزمانا﴾

لا حياة لنا بالحياة الحسية والعلمية (وليس بدائم فين %~% ولكن ذاك أحيان ) ( وليس ) هذا المذكور وهذا التقرب مع اللّه

without life either in the sensory or the knowing mode. ("And this is not permanent in us %~% rather that is only at times") ("And this is not") — this mentioned matter, or this proximity to God.

al-Jandī

﴿وليس بدائم فين %~% ولكن ذاك أحيانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يشير إلى ما قاله زين العابدين عليه السّلام : « لنا وقت يكوننا فيه الحق ولا نكونه » وإلى قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم « لي مع الله وقت » وهو زمان غلبة حقّية الإنسان الكامل على خلقيته ، وليس ذلك بدائم فيه ، فإنّ ذلك مقتضى الحقيقة الإنسانية الكمالية ، فإنّه الحق الخلق الجامع بين بحري الوجوب والإمكان ، المطلق في جمعه بين الحقّية والخلقية عن الجمع والإطلاق دائما ، فليس له أن يكون على الدوام حقا محضا ، فإنّ ذلك لحقيقة الحق لا غير ، لا شريك له في خصوصه سبحانه . وفي هذا المقام سرّ للخواصّ وهو : أنّ الإنسان الكامل في كل عصر يقابل دائما بمألوهيته ومربوبيته وعبوديته الذاتية وخلقيته الكاملة حضرة الألوهية ، والربوبية والحقّية ، وكذلك يقابل بربوبيته وبما فيه من الألوهة وصورة الله من جهة خلافته وتحقّقه بجميع الأسماء الإلهية حضرة الكون والخلق بالإمداد والفيض الواصل إلى العالم بواسطته ولا بدّ ، وإلَّا فلا يكون خليفة ، فهو يسع بأحد طرفيه ما يقابله من الحقية والخلق ، وبجمعه بينهما يحاذي ويقابل الجمعية الإلهية بين حضرات الأسماء والمسمّيات وحقائق المسمّيات - بكسر الميم اسم فاعل - والمعيّنات كذلك وهي - دون تعيّن حقا وخلقا - جانب إطلاق الحق ، فهو من هذا الوجه حق دائما ، وخلق دائما ، جامع بينهما ، مطلق في كل ذلك ، كما هو ربّه ، فيكون على هذا الذوق . قوله رضي الله عنه : « وليس بدائم فينا » فافهم هذا السرّ . قال رضي الله عنه

at times] — He alludes to what Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, peace be upon him, said: "We have a moment in which the Real is us, yet we are not Him," and to his saying, may God's blessing and peace be upon him: "I have, with God, a moment" (lī maʿa Allāh waqt)—this being the time of the dominance of the human's reality-aspect (ḥaqqiyya) over his createdness, in the Perfect Human. This is not constant in him, for it is the requirement of the perfected human reality that he be the Real-cum-creature, the comprehensive uniter of the two seas of necessity and possibility, absolute in his combining of reality-ness and creatureliness, [yet] beyond [permanent] combination and absoluteness at all times. So it is not for him to be, perpetually, pure Reality, for that belongs to the reality of the Real alone, Who has no partner in His particularity, glory be to Him. In this station there is a secret for the elite, namely: that the Perfect Human in every age always confronts, by his state of being-worshipped-of and being-lorded-over, by his essential servanthood and his perfected createdness, the Presence of Divinity, Lordship, and Reality; and likewise he confronts, by his lordship and by what is in him of divinity and the form of God—from the aspect of his vicegerency and his realization of all the divine Names—the Presence of created being and creation, through the aid and effusion reaching the world by his mediation, necessarily—otherwise he would not be a vicegerent. So he encompasses, by one of his two sides, whatever confronts him of reality-ness and creature-ness, and by his combining of the two he corresponds to and confronts the divine comprehensiveness between the Presences of the Names and the named things and the realities of the named things (al-musammayāt, with kasra on the mīm, as an active participle) and the entified things likewise—these being, short of [specific] entification as reality or creation, the aspect of the Real's absoluteness. So he, from this aspect, is perpetually Real and perpetually created, uniting the two, absolute in all of that, just as his Lord is—and it is upon this taste/mode that his saying, may God be pleased with him, "and it is not constant within us," is to be understood. So understand this secret. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿وليس بدائم فين ولكن ذاك أحيانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فهو إشارة إلى قرب النوافل ، لا إلى قرب الفرائض ، كما توهّمه البعض فإنّ كون الحقّ في العبد هو بأن يكون سمعه وبصره على ما لا يخفى ، فهو صريح في ذلك القرب . كيف يصدر المادي من الروحاني ثمّ إنّه إذ قد ذكر ما استغربه العقول المحجوبة بالحجج النظريّة من أمر امتزاج النفخ الروحاني مع الصورة البشريّة العيسويّة ، وتركَّب مادّتها الجسمانيّة منهما ، أخذ يحقّق ذلك بإثبات القاعدة الكليّة المقنّنة الذوقيّة ، وانطباق أصول الحكم المتقنة الكشفيّة على ذلك . بقوله رضي الله عنه

This is an allusion to the proximity of the supererogatory acts, not to the proximity of the obligatory acts, as some have imagined - for the Real's being within the servant means that his hearing and sight are as is well known [in the ḥadīth], so it is explicit regarding that proximity. How can the material proceed from the spiritual? Then, since he had mentioned what the veiled intellects, with their speculative arguments, find strange concerning the mingling of the spiritual breathing with the human, Jesus-like form, and the composition of its bodily matter from the two, he began to verify this by establishing the universal rule, codified through tasting, and the correspondence of the sound principles of unveiled wisdom to it, in his saying, may God be pleased with him:

Jāmī

﴿وليس بدائم فين %~% ولكن ذاك أحيانا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( وليس ) الحق ( بدائم ) ، أي بدائم التجلي ( فينا ) بالتجلي الشهودي . وإن كان دائم التجلي بالتجلي الوجودي

("And") the Real ("is not constant"), i.e., not constant in self-disclosure ("within us") by the witnessing self-disclosure (tajallī shuhūdī), even though He is constant in self-disclosure by the existential self-disclosure (tajallī wujūdī).

Bālī Zāde

﴿بدائم فينا ولكن ذاك أحيانا﴾

أي وقتا دون وقت كما قال عليه السلام ( لي مع اللّه وقت لا يسعني فيه ملك مقرّب ولا نبي مرسل ) . ذكره الكلاباذي في بحر الفوائد يعقوب و السيوطي فى شرح سنن ابن ماجه و لمناوي في فيض القدير ""و قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: «إن لي مع الله وقتا لا يسعني فيه غيره» ذكره الكلاباذي في بحر الفوائد "" قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

i.e., at one time and not another, as he, peace be upon him, said: "I have, with God, a moment in which no proximate angel nor sent prophet can contain me." This was mentioned by al-Kalābādhī in Baḥr al-Fawāʾid, by al-Suyūṭī in his commentary on the Sunan of Ibn Mājah, and by al-Munāwī in Fayḍ al-Qadīr: "And the Prophet, God's blessing and peace upon him, said: 'Indeed I have, with God, a moment in which nothing but He can contain me,'" mentioned by al-Kalābādhī in Baḥr al-Fawāʾid. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Words 32–33 · 1 of 5

وَلَكِنْ ذَاكَ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ولكن ذاك﴾

أي التجلي الشهودي يكون ( أحيانا ) بحسب الاستعدادات التي تحصل لقلوبنا . قال عليه السلام : " لي مع اللّه وقت لا يسعني ملك مقرب ولا نبي مرسل ". ثم أنه لما ذكر الشيخ رضي اللّه عنه : ما استغربته العقول المحجوبة من امتزاج النفخ الروحاني مع الصور البشرية العيسوية بتركب مادتها الجسمانية منهما ، أراد أن يزيل ذلك الاستغراب. فقال

i.e., the witnessing self-disclosure, occurs ("at times") according to the preparednesses (istiʿdādāt) that occur to our hearts. He (peace be upon him) said: "I have with God a moment (waqt) which no near angel nor sent prophet can contain." Then, when the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, had mentioned what the veiled intellects found strange concerning the mingling of the spiritual breath (nafkh) with the Jesus-like human form, through the composition of its corporeal matter from the two of them, he wanted to remove that strangeness. So he said:

Ibn Turka

﴿وممّا يدلّ على ما ذكرناه في أمر النفخ الروحاني مع صورة البشر العنصريّ هو أنّ الحقّ وصف نفسه بالنفس الرحماني ، ولا بدّ لكل موصوف بصفة أن يتبع الصفة جميع ما تستلزمه تلك الصفة﴾

من الترويح باستخراج أبخرة جسمانيّة صالحة لأن يتصوّر بصور الحروف والكلمات الحائزة سائر المراتب الوجوديّة - جسمانيّة كانت أو روحانيّة إلهيّة أو كيانيّة - ويعبّر بذلك عما انطوى عليه باطنه مما يقتضي الإظهار ، فيستريح به من تعب طلبه وما يلزمه من همّة وكربة وإليه أشار بقوله رضي الله عنه

in the way of relief, through the extraction of bodily vapors suitable to take on the forms of letters and words, which possess all the levels of existence - whether bodily, or spiritual-divine, or contingent - and by which what is enfolded within its inward reality and requires manifestation is expressed, so that He finds rest thereby from the toil of its seeking and the resolve and distress entailed thereby. To this he alluded in his saying, may God be pleased with him:

Jāmī

﴿ومما يدل على ما ذكرناه من أمر النفخ الروحاني … مع صورة البشر العنصري﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

من أن المنفوخ بذلك النفخ وهو الماء المتوهم ممزوجا بالماء قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( هو أن الحق وصف نفسه بالنفس الرحماني ولا بد لكل موصوف بصفة أن يتبع الصفة جميع ما تستلزمه تلك الصفة. وما فوق العناصر وما تولد عنها فهو أيضا من صور الطبيعة وهي الأرواح العلوية التي فوق السموات السبع. ) المحقق مادة لصورة البشر العنصري العيسوي

- namely, that what was breathed by that breath, which is the imagined water, mixed with water - the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: ("It is that the Real described Himself by the Breath of the All-Merciful (nafas al-raḥmānī), and it is necessary for everything qualified by an attribute that the attribute be followed by everything that attribute entails. And what is above the elements, and what is generated from them, is likewise among the forms of Nature, and these are the higher spirits that are above the seven heavens.") verified as matter for the Jesus-like elemental human form.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ومما يدل على ما ذكرناه في أمر النفخ الروحاني مع صورة البشر العنصري﴾

يعني أن جبرائيل نفخ الروح العيسوي مع صورة البشر العنصري العيسوي بلا تقدم الاستواء على النفخ لا كما لغيره من أولاد آدم فإن استواء صورتهم البشرية العنصرية مقدم على نفخ أرواحهم بخلاف عيسى عليه السلام فإن تسوية جسمه مندرجة في نفخ روحه تحصل مع حصول روحه . والدليل على ذلك هو

meaning that Gabriel breathed the Jesus-spirit together with the form of the elemental Jesus-body, without the leveling (istiwāʾ) of the form preceding the breathing — unlike the case with the rest of the children of Adam, for whom the leveling of their elemental bodily form precedes the breathing of their spirits. Unlike this is the case of Jesus, peace be upon him, for the leveling (tasʾiya) of his body is subsumed within the breathing of his spirit, occurring together with the occurrence of his spirit. The proof of this is:

Jāmī

﴿هو أن الحق سبحانه وصف نفسه بالنفس الرحماني﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

حيث قال على لسان نبيه صلى اللّه عليه وسلم : « إني لأجد نفس الرحمن من قبل اليمن »

inasmuch as He said upon the tongue of His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: "Indeed I find the breath of the All-Merciful coming from the direction of Yemen."

Bālī Zāde

﴿أن الحق وصف نفسه بالنفس الرحماني ولا بد لكل موصوف بصفة أن يتبع الصفة جميع ما تستلزم تلك الصفة﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإذا وصف الحق نفسه بالنفس فلا بد أن يصف نفسه بما يستلزم النفس

— for when the Real describes Himself by the Breath, it is necessary that He describe Himself by whatever the Breath necessitates.

Jāmī

﴿ولا بد لكل موصوف بصفة أن يتبع﴾

ذلك الموصوف ( الصفة ) التي اتصف بها ( جميع ما يستلزمه تلك الصفة ) فلا بد للحق الموصوف بالنفس أن يتبع النفس الذي هو من صفاته جميع ما يستلزمه النفس

that qualified thing be followed by ("the attribute") by which it is qualified, ("by everything that attribute entails"). So it is necessary for the Real, qualified by the Breath, that there follow the Breath - which is among His attributes - everything that the Breath entails.

Ibn Turka

﴿وقد عرفت أنّ النفس في المتنفّس ما يستلزمه ، فلذلك قبل النفس الإلهي صور العالم ، فهو لها كالجوهر الهيولاني﴾

الذي إنما يتقوّم في الخارج ، ويظهر فيه بتلك الصور ، تقوّم النفس وتصوّره في الخارج بصور الحروف . الطبيعة وإطلاقاته ( وليس ) ذلك الجوهر الهيولاني

which only subsists in the external and is manifested therein by those forms - the subsisting and manifestation of the breath, taking shape in the external by the forms of letters. Nature and its applications: "(nor is)" that hylic substance

Jāmī

﴿وقد عرفت أن النفس في المتنفس﴾

حقا كان أو خلقا

whether that be the Real or a created being,

Bālī Zāde

﴿وقد عرفت أن النفس … في المتنفس ما تستلزمه﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي أيّ شيء الذي يستلزمه من إزالة الكرب وصور الحروف والكلمات النطقية وغير ذلك فاتبع المتنفس بالنفس جميع ما تستلزمه من إزالة الكرب وصور الحروف والكلمات النطقية . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( فلذلك ) أي فلأجل اتباع الموصوف جميع ما تستلزمه تلك الصفة

i.e., whatever thing it necessitates, of the removal of distress and the forms of letters and articulated words, and the like; so the one who breathes with the breath is followed by all that it necessitates, of the removal of distress and the forms of articulated letters and words. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: ("Thus") i.e., for the sake of the described thing's being followed by all that the attribute necessitates.

Jāmī

﴿ما يستلزمه﴾

أي شيء يستلزمه النفس كما يستلزمه التنفيس من الكرب ، وقبوله صور الحروف والكلمات لفظية كانت أو غير لفظية

i.e., whatever thing the breath entails, just as it entails relief (tanfīs) from distress, and its receiving the forms of letters and words, whether verbal or non-verbal.

﴿فلذلك قبل في النفس الإلهي صور العالم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

التي هي بمنزلة صور الحروف والكلمات اللفظية للنفس الإنساني ( فهو ) ، أي النفس الإلهي ( لها ) ، أي لصور العالم

which are in the position of the forms of the verbal letters and words relative to the human breath. ("So it") i.e., the Divine Breath, ("is for them") i.e., for the forms of the world,

Bālī Zāde

﴿قبل النفس الإلهي صور العالم فهو﴾

أي النفس الإلهي صور العالم ( لها ) أي لصور العالم

i.e., the Divine Breath, with respect to the forms of the cosmos ("is, for them,")

Jāmī

﴿كالجوهر الهيولاني﴾

الجسماني للصور الجسمانية كذلك النفس الإلهي يقبل صور العالم ( وليس ) النفس الإلهي الذي يقبل صور العالم

the corporeal substratum for corporeal forms. Likewise the Divine Breath receives the forms of the world. ("And") the Divine Breath that receives the forms of the world ("is nothing")

Bālī Zāde

﴿كالجوهر الهيولاني وليس﴾

النفس الإلهي

— the Divine Breath — [other than Nature itself].

Ibn Turka

﴿إلَّا عين الطبيعة﴾

وإذا كان الكلّ عين الطبيعة فلا يبعد أن يكون النفخ من الروحانيات مادّة للصورة البشريّة العنصريّة . لا يقال : إنّما تنحسم بهذا مادّة الاستبعاد لو لم تكن الطبيعة حقائق مختلفة ؟ لأنّه قد ظهر بما بيّن في أمر النفس أنّه في العنصريّة والروحانيّة هي الطبيعة بما هي طبيعة ، وهذا يوافق إطلاق قدماء الحكماء - على ما حكى عنهم جابر رضي الله عنه : - « أنّهم في عرفهم العامّ كما يطلقون الطبيعة على مبدأ الحركة والسكون لما هي فيه بالذات ، فقد يطلقونها في الخاصّ من عرفهم على معان آخر : منها الطريق إلى الكون ، ومنها ذات الشيء » . ولا يخفى أن هذا العرف منهم لا يخالف ما أطلق عليه الشيخ بالعموم والخصوص ، بل يساويه مفهوما وذات . وما قيل هاهنا : « إنّها هي التي لا يكون أفعالها إلا على وتيرة واحدة ، سواء كان مع الشعور أو لا معه » ، فهو مما لا يناسب هذا الكلام أصلا ، فإنّه يقتضي أن يكون سائر المركبات - من الماديات - خارجة عن حيطة الطبيعة ، فإنّ للمركَّب من حيث أنّه مركَّب أفعالا متنوّعة على أنحاء شتّى . وأيضا يلزم أن يكون الملأ الأعلى - على ما ذهبوا إليه - خارجة عنها ، إذ منها ما انزل فيه أنّه " شَدِيدُ الْقُوى " [ 53 / 5 ] وسيشير إليه الشيخ بإثبات الاختصام لهم . مادّة تكوّن الأرواح والعناصر فإذا كان الكلّ طبيعيّة

And if the whole is the entity of Nature, it is not far-fetched that the breathing (nafkh) from the spiritual realities should be matter for the elemental human form. It may not be objected: the matter of this improbability is only resolved if Nature is not diverse realities—because it has already become clear, from what was explained regarding the matter of the soul (nafs), that it, in both the elemental and the spiritual, is Nature insofar as it is Nature. This agrees with the usage of the ancient sages—as Jābir, may God be pleased with him, related of them—"that in their general usage, just as they apply 'Nature' to the principle of motion and rest for that in which it inheres essentially, they may also apply it, in their specialized usage, to other meanings: among them, the path to coming-to-be, and among them, the very essence of a thing." It is not hidden that this usage of theirs does not differ from what the Shaykh applied in the general and particular sense, but rather is equivalent to it in concept and essence. And what was said here—"that it is that whose acts are only on a single mode, whether with consciousness or without it"—is something altogether unsuited to this discourse, for it would require that the rest of the composites among material things fall outside the ambit of Nature, since the composite, insofar as it is composite, has varied acts of different kinds. It would also follow that the Higher Assembly (al-malaʾ al-aʿlā)—according to what they held—would fall outside it, since among them is that concerning which it was revealed that it is "of mighty powers" [53:5]; and the Shaykh will point to this by affirming disputation (al-ikhtiṣām) among them. The matter from which spirits and elements come to be: so if the whole is natural...

Jāmī

﴿إلا عين الطبيعة﴾

الكلية العالية الفعالة للصور كلها ولكن لا مطلقا بل من وجه وهو وجه باطنتيتها التي هي الأحدية الذاتية الجمعية . فإن للنفس الإلهي ظاهرا وباطنا ، فهو من حيث ظاهره قابل للصور ومن حيث باطنه فعّال لها ومن هذه الحيثية تسمى بالطبيعة . وهذه الحقيقة هي النفس الرحماني وكانت تسميته بالطبيعة بناء على أنه مبدأ الفعل والانفعال ، فإنه يؤثر في التعينات بإظهارها ويتأثر باعتبار تقيدها به ، وإذا كان الكل عين الطبيعة فلا يبعد أن يكون ما نفخه جبريل في مريم مادة للصور البشرية العيسوية ، لأنه إما أمر روحاني أو مثالي أو حسي . وعلى كل تقدير فهو من صور الطبيعة فلا يستبعد أن يمتزج مع ما مر ، ثم الذي هو أيضا من صور الطبيعة ويصير المجموع مادة للصورة العيسوية

the universal, high, active [principle] for all forms - but not absolutely, rather from a [certain] respect, namely the respect of its non-manifest aspect (bāṭiniyya), which is the essential, all-comprehensive oneness (al-aḥadiyya al-dhātiyya al-jamʿiyya). For the Divine Breath has a manifest (ẓāhir) and a nonmanifest (bāṭin) [aspect]: from the standpoint of its manifest aspect it is receptive of forms, and from the standpoint of its nonmanifest aspect it is active [productive] of them, and from this respect it is named Nature (ṭabīʿa). This reality is the Breath of the All-Merciful, and its being named Nature is based on its being the principle of action and being-acted-upon, for it exerts influence upon the determinations (taʿayyunāt) by manifesting them, and is affected insofar as they become bound by it. And since the whole is the very reality of Nature, it is not improbable that what Gabriel breathed into Mary should be matter for the Jesus-like human forms, because it is either something spiritual, or imaginal, or sensory. In any case, it is among the forms of Nature, so it is not improbable that it should mingle with what preceded - which is likewise among the forms of Nature - and the aggregate become matter for the Jesus-like form.

Bālī Zāde

﴿إلا عين الطبيعة﴾

التي هي تقبل الصور فقبل نفخ جبرائيل الصورة البشرية لعيسى بحيث لا تنفك عن النفخ الروحي . ( فالعناصر ) الأربع وهي الماء والتراب والهواء والنار والسماوات السبع

, which is receptive of forms. So the breath of Gabriel accepted the human form for Jesus, such that it was never separated from the spiritual breathing. (The elements) are the four: water, earth, air, and fire, and the seven heavens

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

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Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.