Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶17 in the text

17 · 71 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

فَالعَناصرُ صُورَةٌ مِنْ صُوَرِ الطَّبِيعَةِ وَمَا فَوْقَ العَناصرِ وَمَا تَوَلَّدَ عَنْهَا فَهُوَ أَيْضًا مِنْ صُوَرِ الطَّبِيعَةِ وَهِيَ الأَرْوَاحُ العُلْوِيَّةُ الَّتِي فَوْقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ وَأَمَّا أَرْوَاحُ السَّمَاوَاتِ السَّبْعِ وَأَعْيَانُهَا فَهِيَ عُنْصُرِيَّةٌ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ دُخَانِ العَناصرِ الْمُتَوَلَّد عَنْهَا وَمَا تَكَوَّنَ عَنْ كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ مِنَ المَلَائِكَةِ فَهُوَ مِنْهَا فَهُمْ عُنْصُرِيُّونَ وَمَنْ فَوْقَهُمْ طَبِيعِيُّونَ وَلِهَذَا وَصَفَهُمْ اللهُ بِالِاخْتِصَامِ أَعْنِي المَلَأَ الأَعْلَىٰ لِأَنَّ الطَّبِيعَةَ مُتَقَابِلَةٌ وَالتَّقَابُلُ الَّذِي فِي الأَسْمَاءِ الإِلَهِيَّةِ الَّتِي هِيَ النِّسَبُ إِنَّمَا أَعْطَاهُ النَّفَسُ

So the elements are a form among the forms of Nature. And what is above the elements, and what is born from them, is likewise among the forms of Nature; these are the high spirits that are above the seven heavens. As for the spirits of the seven heavens and their entities, they are elemental, for they are from the smoke of the elements that is born from them; and whatever of the angels is engendered from each heaven is from it. So they are elemental, while those above them are natural. For this reason God described them, I mean the Higher Assembly, as disputing [cf. Q 38:69], because Nature is [made of] mutually opposed [things]. And the mutual opposition that is in the divine Names, which are the relations, was given only by the Breath.

al-Qāshānī

﴿فالعناصر صورة من صور الطبيعة ، وما فوق العناصر وما تولد عنها فهو أيضا من صور الطبيعة ، وهي الأرواح العلوية إلى فوق السماوات السبع . وأما أرواح السماوات السبع وأعيانها فهي عنصرية ، فإنها من دخان العناصر المتولدة عنها﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

هكذا ذهب بعض الصوفية وأهل الشرع وكثير من الحكماء الإسلاميين والقدماء الإشراقيين في كون السماوات السبع وعلى هذا المذهب الأرواح العلوية ، إشارة إلى ما فوق العناصر وأرواح السماوات وأعيانها إلى ما تولد عنها : أي العناصر

This is the view held by some Sufis, the people of the [revealed] Law, many Muslim philosophers, and the ancient Illuminationists regarding the formation of the seven heavens. According to this doctrine, 'the higher spirits' is a reference to what is above the elements, while 'the spirits of the heavens and their entities' refers to what is generated from them, i.e., from the elements.

Ibn Turka

﴿فالعناصر صورة من صور الطبيعة وما فوق العناصر وما تولَّد عنها ، فهو أيضا من صور الطبيعة ، وهي الأرواح العلويّة التي فوق السماوات السبع ، وأما أرواح السماوات وأعيانها فهي عنصريّة ، فإنّها من دخان العناصر المتولَّد عنها﴾

تولَّد لطيف الأجزاء الدخانيّة من كثيف الأجزاء الناريّة ، فإنّ ألطف أجزاء النار هي التي يعلوها في صورة الدخان ، وفي الدخان أيضا أجزاء لطيفة وكثيفة ، فاللطيف منها يتولَّد منه أرواح السماوات وإليه أشار بقوله رضي الله عنه

The subtle smoky parts are generated from the dense fiery parts, for the subtlest parts of fire are those that rise above it in the form of smoke. In smoke too there are subtle and dense parts; from the subtle part of it the spirits of the heavens are generated. To this he, may God be pleased with him, alluded by his saying...

Jāmī

﴿فالعناصر صورة من صور الطبيعة وما … فوق العناصر﴾

التي هي أصول المركبات العنصرية فوقية مرتبة ( وما ) هو ( تحتها ) بحسب المكانة وإن كان فوقها بحسب المكان ( عما تولد عنها ) ، أي عن العناصر كأعيان السماوات السبع وأرواحها فإنها عنصرية كما سيجيء ( فهو ) ، أي ما هو فوق العناصر وما هو متولد من العناصر

which are the roots of the elemental compounds - [this "above"] being a superiority of rank; ("and what") is ("below them") in rank, even though it may be above them in [physical] place, ("that is generated from them") i.e., from the elements - such as the entities of the seven heavens and their spirits, for these are elemental, as will be explained. ("So it") i.e., what is above the elements and what is generated from the elements,

Bālī Zāde

﴿صورة من صور الطبيعة وما فوق العناصر وما تولد عنها﴾

أي عن فوق العناصر أنث الضمير باعتبار كثرة الفوق

i.e., from above the elements—the pronoun is made feminine on account of the multiplicity of "what is above"

Jāmī

﴿أيضا من صور الطبيعة وهي﴾

إما فوق العناصر باعتبار أنها صورة طبيعية

is either above the elements, considering that it is a natural form,

Bālī Zāde

﴿فهو أيضا من صور الطبيعة وهي الأرواح العلوية التي فوق السماوات السبع﴾

وهي صورة من صور الطبيعة غير العنصرية . والمراد بفوق السماوات السبع العرش والكرسي وبالأرواح العلوية ما تولد منهما من ملائكتهما وأرواحهما مع صورها وغيرها من العقول والنفوس المجردة كل ذلك غير عنصرية فالسماوات وما تولد منها داخلة في العناصر يدل على ذلك . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

which is a form among the forms of Nature that is non-elemental. By "above the seven heavens" is meant the Throne (al-ʿarsh) and the Pedestal (al-kursī), and by "celestial spirits" is meant what is generated from the two of them—their angels and spirits together with their forms and other things, such as the detached intellects and souls—all of which are non-elemental. The heavens and what is generated from them fall under the elements, as indicated by this. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Jāmī

﴿الأرواح العلوية التي فوق السماوات السبع﴾

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( وأما أرواح السموات السبع و أعيانها فهي عنصرية، فإنها من دخان العناصر المتولد عنها، و ما تكون عن كل سماء من الملائكة فهو منها، فهم عنصريون و من فوقهم طبيعيون: و لهذا وصفهم الله بالاختصام أعني الملأ الأعلى لأن الطبيعة متقابلة، و التقابل الذي في الأسماء الإلهية التي هي النسب، إنما أعطاه النفس ) وهي الملائكة التي للعرش والكرسي وما فوقها

- the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: ("As for the spirits of the seven heavens and their entities, they are elemental, for they are from the smoke of the elements generated from them; and whatever came to be from each heaven of the angels is likewise from it. So they are elemental, while those above them are natural [ṭabīʿī]. For this reason God described them [i.e., the Higher Assembly] as disputing - I mean the Higher Assembly (al-malaʾ al-aʿlā) - because Nature is [a locus of] mutual opposition, and the opposition found in the Divine Names, which are relations (nisab), was given to it only by the Breath.") - these being the angels belonging to the Throne and the Seat and what is above them.

Jāmī

﴿وأما أرواح السماوات السبع﴾

يعني نفوسها المنطبعة فإن عقولها ونفوسها المجردة من الصور الطبيعية النورية لا العنصرية

meaning their imprinted souls (nufūs munṭabiʿa); for their intellects and their separate souls are among the luminous natural forms, not the elemental ones.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وأما أرواح السماوات السبع﴾

المدبرة لأجسامه ( وأعيانها ) أي وأجسام السماوات السبع

which govern its bodies, (and their entities) i.e., the bodies of the seven heavens

Jāmī

﴿وأعيانها فهي عنصرية فإنها من دخان العناصر المتولد عنها﴾

كما تتولد الأجزاء اللطيفة الدخانية عن النار ، فإن ألطف أجزاء النار هي التي تعلوها في صورة الدخان وفي دخان النار أجزاء لطيفة وكثيفة ، وكذلك في دخان العناصر ، فمن كثيف دخانها خلقت أعيان السماوات ومن لطيفها أرواحها

just as the subtle smoky parts are generated from fire - for the subtlest parts of fire are those that rise above it in the form of smoke, and within the smoke of fire there are subtle parts and dense parts. Likewise with the smoke of the elements: from the dense part of its smoke the entities of the heavens were created, and from its subtle part their spirits [were created].

Bālī Zāde

﴿فهي عنصرية﴾

وصورة من الطبيعة ( فإنها ) أي السماوات السبع متولدة

and a form of Nature ((for they)—i.e., the seven heavens—are generated)

Bālī Zāde

﴿من دخان العناصر المتولد عنها﴾

أي الدخان الذي تولد عن العناصر فالأرواح المنطبعة المدبرة بالعناصر أيضا عناصر

i.e., the smoke that was generated from the elements. So the impressed spirits that govern by means of the elements are also elemental

al-Qāshānī

﴿وما تكون عن كل سماء من الملائكة﴾

أي نفوسها المنطبعة

i.e., their imprinted souls (nufūsuhā al-munṭabiʿa).

Ibn Turka

﴿وما تكوّن عن كلّ سماء من الملائكة فهو منها ، فهم عنصريّون ومن فوقهم﴾

من العقول المجرّدة المسمّاة بلسان الشريعة ب « الملإ الأعلى » طبيعيّون ، فلهذا وصفهم الله بالاختصام - أعني الملأ الأعلى - لأنّ الطبيعة متقابلة ، والتقابل الذي في الأسماء الإلهيّة التي هي النسب إنّما أعطاه النفس ) مبدأ التقابل في العالم فعلم من هذا أنّ التقابل وما يستتبعه من الاختصام إنّما هو أول وبالذات من النفس ، وثانيا وبالعرض من الأسماء ، فلا تعلَّل اختصام الملإ الأعلى بتقابل الأسماء ، فإنّ النفس هو مبدأ التقابل وأصله . وهو مما يسقط نسبة العالم عنها مطلقا ، ( فلهذا ) أي لأنّ الذات لها الغنى

of the disembodied intellects named in the language of the Sacred Law "the Higher Assembly" are natural. For this reason God described them—I mean the Higher Assembly—with disputation (al-ikhtiṣām), because Nature involves opposition (taqābul); and the opposition found in the Divine Names, which are relations (nisab), was only given to them by the soul (al-nafs), [which is] the principle of opposition in the world. From this it is known that opposition, and the disputation that follows from it, is first and essentially from the soul, and secondarily and accidentally from the Names. So the disputation of the Higher Assembly should not be attributed to the opposition of the Names, for the soul is the principle and root of opposition. This is what causes the relation of worldliness to be dropped from it absolutely. (For this reason)—that is, because the Essence possesses self-sufficiency (ghinan)...

Jāmī

﴿وما تكون عن … كل سماء من الملائكة﴾

التي هي عماده ( فهو ) مخلوق ( منها ) ، أي من مادتها كما أن آدم وبنيه الذين هم عماد الأرض مخلوقون من الأرض . قال رضي اللّه عنه في الباب الثالث عشر من الفتوحات : خلق في جوف الكرسي أفلاكا فلكا في جوف فلك وخلق في كل فلك عالما منه يعمرونه وسماهم ملائكة . ( فهم ) ، أي الملائكة المتكونون من مادة كل سماء كلهم

who are its population - ("it") is created ("from it"), i.e., from its matter, just as Adam and his progeny, who are the population of the earth, are created from the earth. He, may God be pleased with him, said in chapter thirteen of al-Futūḥāt: "He created within the Seat (kursī) spheres, one sphere within another sphere, and created within each sphere a world [population] from it, which they inhabit, and He named them angels." ("So they") i.e., the angels formed from the matter of each heaven, all of them,

Bālī Zāde

﴿وما تكون … عن كل سماء من الملائكة فهو﴾

أيض ( منها ) أي من العناصر (فهم ) أي الملائكة الذين تكونوا من السماوات السبع ( عنصريون ) كالسماوات ( و ) ما تكون ( من فوقهم ) أي من فوق هذه الملائكة طبيعيون فالعرش والكرسي مع أرواحهما وملائكتهم ( طبيعيون ) فما من صورة من الصور مما سوى اللّه إلا وهي صورة من صور الطبيعة ما عدا الملائكة المهيمة ومنهم العقل الأول فإنهم نوريون وإن كانوا طبيعيين لكنهم لا داخلون تحت حكم الطبيعة وما من صورة من صور الطبيعة الإلهية إلا وهي إما عنصري وإما طبيعية قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( ولهذا ) أي ولأجل كون الملائكة التي فوق السماوات السبع طبيعيين

is (from it), i.e., from the elements. (So they), i.e., the angels who came to be from the seven heavens, (are elemental) like the heavens, (and) whatever comes to be (from above them), i.e., from above these angels, are of Nature (ṭabīʿiyyūn). So the Throne and the Pedestal, together with their spirits and their angels, (are natural/of Nature) — for there is no form among the forms of what is other than God except that it is a form among the forms of Nature, except for the ravished angels (al-malāʾika al-muhayyama), among whom is the First Intellect; for they are luminous (nūriyyūn), and although they are natural (ṭabīʿiyyūn), they do not fall under the ruling of Nature. There is no form among the forms of divine Nature except that it is either elemental or natural. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (and for this), i.e., because the angels above the seven heavens are natural

Words 40–43 · 1 of 4

كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ مِنَ المَلَائِكَةِ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿كل سماء من الملائكة﴾

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه في الفتوحات الباب الرابع عشر عن الكرسي وعماره من الملائكة:- "ثم أوجد الكرسي في جوف هذا العرش وجعل فيه ملائكة من جنس طبيعته فكل فلك أصل لما خلق فيه من عمارة كالعناصر فيما خلق منها من عماره كما خلق آدم من تراب وعمر به وببنيه الأرض وقسم في هذا الكرسي الكريم الكلمة إلى خبر وحكم وهما القدمان اللتان تدلتا له من العرش كما ورد في الخبر النبوي ثم خلق في جوف الكرسي الأفلاك فلكا في جوف فلك وخلق في كل فلك عالما منه يعمرونه سماهم ملائكة يعني رسل وزينها بالكواكب وأَوْحى في كُلِّ سَماءٍ أَمْرَها إلى أن خلق صور المولدات

- the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said in al-Futūḥāt, chapter fourteen, concerning the Seat and its population of angels: "Then He brought the Seat into existence within this Throne, and placed within it angels of the genus of its [the Seat's] nature. So every sphere is a root for whatever population was created within it, just as the elements are [roots] for whatever population was created from them - just as Adam was created from dust, and the earth was populated by him and his progeny. And He divided, within this noble Seat, the Word into report (khabar) and judgment (ḥukm), these being the two 'feet' that were let down from the Throne, as reported in the prophetic tradition. Then He created within the Seat the spheres, one sphere within another sphere, and created within each sphere a world [population] from it, which they inhabit - He named them angels, meaning messengers - and adorned it with the stars, and 'inspired in every heaven its affair' [Qur'an 41:12], until He created the forms of the generated things."

Note by the modern compiler (al-jāmiʿ) of the ibnalarabi.com text, not by Jāmī

Words 44–45 · 1 of 4

فَهُوَ مِنْهَا

Only al-Qāshānī comments here.

al-Qāshānī

﴿فهو منها﴾

أي من العناصر . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه : ( فهم عنصريون وما من فوقهم طبيعيون ، ولهذا وصفهم الله بالاختصام أعنى الملأ الأعلى لأن الطبيعة متقابلة ) هذا معلوم مما ذكرناه آنفا ، والاختصام بين الملإ الأعلى إنما هو لاختلاف نشأتهم ، لأن الغالب على بعضهم صفة القهر وعلى بعضهم قوة المحبة وصفتها فتختلف مقتضيات نشأتهم فيختصمون. قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

i.e., from the elements. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said: (So they are elemental, while those above them are natural [i.e., belonging to Nature], and for this reason God described them - meaning the Supreme Assembly - as disputing [with one another], because Nature is mutually opposed.) This is known from what we mentioned just before. The disputation among the Supreme Assembly is only due to the difference of their constitutions (nashʾa), for dominant in some of them is the attribute of overpowering (qahr) and in others the power of love (maḥabba) and its attribute; thus the requirements of their constitutions differ, and so they dispute. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Words 47–49 · 1 of 4

عُنْصُرِيُّونَ وَمَنْ فَوْقَهُمْ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿عنصريون ومن فوقهم﴾

من ملائكة العرش والكرسي ونفوسهما المنطبعة والمجردة والعقول المسمون بلسان الشريعة بالملأ الأعلى كلهم

- from among the angels of the Throne and the Seat, and their imprinted and separate souls, and the intellects, who are named in the language of the [revealed] Law "the Higher Assembly" (al-malaʾ al-aʿlā) - all of them

Words 50–51 · 1 of 4

طَبِيعِيُّونَ وَلِهَذَا

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿طبيعيون ولهذا﴾

أي لكونهم طبيعيين ( وصفهم اللّه تعالى بالاختصام أعني ) يعني بالضمير المنصوب في وصفهم اللّه

i.e., because of their being natural, ("God, exalted is He, described them as disputing - I mean") - meaning by the accusative pronoun in "described them," God [intends them].

Words 52–54 · 1 of 4

وَصَفَهُمْ اللهُ بِالِاخْتِصَامِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿وصفهم اللّه بالاختصام﴾

في الحديث القدسي قوله

in the sacred hadith, His saying

Jāmī

﴿الملأ الأعلى﴾

حيث قال : ما كان لي من علم بالملأ الأعلى إذ يختصمون ، وإنما كان كونهم طبيعيين مقتضيا لوصفهم بالاختصام

inasmuch as He said: "I had no knowledge of the Higher Assembly when they were disputing" [Qur'an 38:69]. And it was only their being natural that necessitated their being described as disputing.

Bālī Zāde

﴿أعني الملأ الأعلى﴾

تفسير للملائكة الموصوفة بالاختصام وإنما وصف الحق الملأ الأعلى بالاختصام

an explanation of the angels described as disputing; and the Real described the Supreme Assembly as disputing

Jāmī

﴿لأن الطبيعة﴾

من حيث ظاهرها حاملة للصور المتقابلة وقابلة إياها. ومن حيث باطنها فعالة لها ففيها قوة الفعل والانفعال والتأثير والتأثر ولا شك أن هذه الأمور فيه ( متقابلة ) وليس المراد بالاختصام إلا التقابل بحيث يقتضي كل واحد منهم خلاف ما يقتضيه الآخر

from the standpoint of its manifest aspect, bears the mutually opposed forms and is receptive of them; and from the standpoint of its nonmanifest aspect, it is productive of them. So within it there is the power of action and being-acted-upon, of exerting influence and being influenced; and there is no doubt that these matters within it are ("mutually opposed" - mutaqābila). And nothing is meant by "disputing" except mutual opposition, such that each one of them requires the contrary of what the other requires.

Bālī Zāde

﴿لأن الطبيعة متقابلة﴾

وهي مظهر ولاية الأسماء المتقابلة فأجسام الأرواح الملائكة العلوية المسماة بالأعلى لملإ الأعلى والملائكة المهيمية المخلوقة من جلال اللّه أجسام نورية طبيعية وهي أول ما خلق اللّه من الأجسام

and it is the locus of manifestation of the governance of the mutually opposed Names. So the bodies of the spirits of the celestial angels named "the Supreme" belong to the Supreme Assembly, and the ravished angels created from the Majesty of God are luminous, natural bodies, and they are the first bodies God created

al-Qāshānī

﴿والتقابل الذي في الأسماء الإلهية التي هي النسب إنما أعطاه النفس الرحماني ، ألا ترى الذات الخارجة عن هذا الحكم كيف جاء فيها الغنى عن العالمين ، فلهذا خرج العالم على صورة من أوجدهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

إنما التقابل الذي في الأسماء أعطاه النفس أي الوجود لأن التقابل لا يكون بين الأشياء العدمية والمعاني العلمية ، فإن عين الحرارة والبرودة والسواد والبياض في العقل والعلم معا أي منها يجتمع في ذهن الناس ولا تقابل ، والأسماء لا تتقابل إلا في صورها التي يتحقق بها حقائق تلك النسب الأسمائية ، ولولا وجوداتها بظهورها في الصور لم تتقابل وذلك الظهور هو النفس الرحماني ، فلهذا ما كانت الإلهية بالأسماء غنية عن العالمين . إنما الغنى هو الذات الخارجة عن حكم النفس ، فلهذا خرج العالم على صورة من أوجده من الإله أي الحضرة الواحدية الأسمائية . ( وليس ) من أوجد أعيان العالم

independence from the worlds (al-ghinā ʿan al-ʿālamīn)? Hence the world came forth in the form of the One who brought it into existence.] The mutual opposition that exists in the Names was given to them only by the Breath, i.e., by existence, for mutual opposition cannot obtain between things that are nonexistent and intelligible meanings; for the very reality of heat and cold, blackness and whiteness, in the intellect and in knowledge together - i.e., when they are both gathered together in people's minds - involves no mutual opposition. The Names are only mutually opposed in their forms, by which the realities of those nominal relations (al-nisab al-asmāʾiyya) become actualized. Were it not for their existences through their manifestation in forms, they would not be mutually opposed, and that manifestation is the Breath of the All-Merciful. For this reason, Divinity through the Names was not independent of the worlds; rather, independence belongs only to the Essence that stands outside the ruling of the Breath. Hence the world came forth in the form of the one who brought it into existence - from the god (al-ilāh), i.e., the Presence of the Nominal Oneness (al-ḥaḍra al-wāḥidiyya al-asmāʾiyya). And it was not [the Essence] that brought the entities of the world into existence,

Jāmī

﴿والتقابل الذي في الأسماء الإلهية التي هي النسب﴾

اللاحقة للذات الإلهية باعتبار توجهها إلى عالم الظهور

attaching to the Divine Essence insofar as it is directed toward the world of manifestation.

Bālī Zāde

﴿والتقابل الذي في الأسماء الإلهية التي هي النسب إنما أعطاه النفس الرحماني ، ألا ترى الذات الخارجة عن هذا الحكم كيف جاء فيها الغنى عن العالمين ، فلهذا خرج العالم على صورة من أوجدهم﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

قوله ( لأن الطبيعة متقابلة ) وهي مظهر ولاية الأسماء المتقابلة فأجسام الأرواح والملائكة العلوية المسماة بالملإ الأعلى والملائكة المهيمة المخلوقة من جلال الله أجسام نورية طبيعية ، وهي أول ما خلق الله تعالى من الأجسام اهـ بالى قوله ( والتقابل الذي في الأسماء إنما أعطاه النفس الرحماني ) وهو عين الطبيعة فكان التقابل الطبيعة للذات أو للأسماء بسبب كون الطبيعة محلا لولايتها ؟؟؟ ، فكان التقابل في الأسماء والطبيعة لا في الذات من حيث هي . قوله ( فلهذا ) أي فلأجل كون التقابل حاصلا في الحضرة الأسمائية ( خرج العالم على صورة من أوجدهم وليس إلا النفس الإلهي ) فخرج العالم يتقابل بعضهم بعضا ، فالطبيعة والعالم والنفس الإلهي يقتضي كل واحد منها التقابل

His saying (because Nature is mutually opposed) — it is the locus of manifestation of the governance of the mutually opposed Names. So the bodies of the spirits and the celestial angels named the Supreme Assembly, and the ravished angels created from the Majesty of God, are luminous, natural bodies, and they are the first bodies God Most High created — end of citation from Bālī [al-Mawlā]. His saying (and the mutual opposition found in the Names was given to them only by the Merciful Breath) — which is the very entity of Nature. So mutual opposition belongs to Nature as regards the Essence, or to the Names, because Nature is the locus of their governance [uncertain in source] — so mutual opposition exists in the Names and in Nature, not in the Essence as such. His saying (for this reason) — i.e., because mutual opposition occurs within the Presence of the Names — (the cosmos emerged in the form of Him who brought it into being, and that is none other than the Divine Breath). So the cosmos emerged with its parts mutually opposed to one another; thus Nature, the cosmos, and the Divine Breath each necessitate mutual opposition

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8469); moved here

﴿والتقابل الذي في الأسماء الإلهية التي هي النسب إنما أعطاه النفس﴾

الرحماني وهو عين الطبيعة فكان التقابل للطبيعة لذاتها وللأسماء بسبب كون الطبيعة محلا لولايتها فكان التقابل في الأسماء والطبيعة لا في الذات من حيث هي

, which is the very entity of Nature. So the mutual opposition belongs to Nature by virtue of its essence, and to the Names because Nature is the locus of their governance. Thus mutual opposition exists in the Names and in Nature, not in the Essence as such

Words 69–71 · 1 of 4

إِنَّمَا أَعْطَاهُ النَّفَسُ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿إنما أعطاه النفس﴾

فإنه إن لم يمتد الوجود الحق من غيبه الإطلاقي إلى مرتبة الظهور لم تتعين الأسماء . ولا شك أن النفس إنما هو الوجود الحق باعتبار هذا الامتداد ، فلو لم تكن النفس لم تتعين الأسماء فكيف يتحقق التقابل بينها ، فظهر أنه ما أعطى الأسماء الإلهية التقابل إلا النفس ، وكذلك لا يظهر هذا التقابل في الخارج إلا بالنفس فإنه إذا لم يمتد الوجود على الماهيات الممكنة لم يظهر التقابل بين الأسماء بظهور آثارها المتقابلة . ولما ذكر أن التقابل الذي بين الأسماء إنما أعطاه النفس قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

For if the Real Existence had not extended from its absolute unseen into the level of manifestation, the Names would not have become determined. There is no doubt that the Breath is nothing but the Real Existence considered in respect of this extension; so if there were no Breath, the Names would not become determined, and then how could opposition occur between them? Thus it became clear that nothing gave the divine Names their mutual opposition except the Breath, and likewise this opposition does not appear in the external world except through the Breath, for if existence had not extended over the possible quiddities, the opposition between the Names would not have appeared through the appearance of their opposing effects. And having mentioned that the opposition found between the Names was given only by the Breath, the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.