Mashrabaمشربة

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فَصُّ حِكْمَةٍ نَبَوِيَّةٍ فِي كَلِمَةٍ عِيسَوِيَّةٍ

←→Read ¶19 in the text

19 · 88 words · shading: how many commentators stop on each word

ثُمَّ إِنَّ هَذَا الشَّخْصَ الإِنْسَانِيَّ عَجَنَ طِينَتَهُ بِيَدَيْهِ وَهُمَا مُتَقَابِلَتَانِ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ كِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ يَمِينًا فَلَا خَفَاءَ بِمَا بَيْنَهُمَا مِنَ الفَرْقَانِ وَلَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ إِلَّا كَوْنَهُمَا ٱثْنَتَيْنِ أَعْنِي يَدَيْنِ لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُؤَثِّرُ فِي الطَّبِيعَةِ إِلَّا مَا يُنَاسِبُهَا وَهِيَ مُتَقَابِلَةٌ فَجَاءَ بِالْيَدَيْنِ وَلَمَّا أَوْجَدَهُ بِالْيَدَيْنِ سَمَّاهُ بَشَرًا لِلْمُبَاشَرَةِ اللَّائِقَةِ بِذَلِكَ الجَنَابِ بِالْيَدَيْنِ المُضَافَتَيْنِ إِلَيْهِ وَجَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عِنَايَتِهِ بِهَذَا النَّوْعِ الإِنْسَانِيِّ فَقَالَ لِمَنْ أَبَىٰ عَنْ السُّجُودِ لَهُ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَن تَسْجُدَ لِمَا خَلَقْتُ بِيَدَىَّ أَسْتَكْبَرْتَ عَلَىٰ مَنْ هُوَ مِثْلُكَ يَعْنِي عُنصُرِيًّا أَمْ كُنتَ مِنَ العَالِينَ عَنْ العُنصُرِ وَلَسْتَ كَذَلِكَ

Then, as for this human individual: He kneaded his clay with His two hands, and these [two hands] stand opposite each other, even though both of His hands are right [hands]. The discrimination (furqān) between them is not hidden, even if it consisted only in their being two, I mean two hands. For nothing has an effect upon Nature except what corresponds to it, and Nature consists of opposites. So He brought [into play] the two hands. And when He brought him into existence with the two hands, He named him *bashar* (a mortal of flesh), because of the direct contact (*mubāshara*) befitting that [divine] Side, by means of the two hands ascribed to Him. He made that part of His solicitude for this human species, and so He said to the one who refused to prostrate to him: "What prevented you from prostrating to what I created with My two hands? Have you become arrogant" [Q 38:75] toward one who is your like, meaning elemental, "or are you among the exalted" [Q 38:75], [exalted] above the element? Yet you are not such.

On the whole passage · 1 of 6

Only al-Jandī comments here.

al-Jandī

﴿ولمّا أوجده باليدين سمّاه بشرا للمباشرة اللائقة بذلك الجناب باليدين المضافتين إليه ، وجعل ذلك من عنايته لهذا النوع الإنسانيّ ، فقال لمن أبي عن السجود له : " ما مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَسْجُدَ لِما خَلَقْتُ بِيَدَيَّ أَسْتَكْبَرْتَ " على من هو مثلك يعني عنصريا " أَمْ كُنْتَ من الْعالِينَ " عن العنصر ولست كذلك . ويعني بالعالين من علا بذاته عن أن يكون في نشأته النورية عنصريّا وإن كان طبيعيّا ، فما فضل الإنسان غيره من الأنواع العنصرية إلَّا بكونه بشرا من طين ، فهو أفضل نوع من كل ما خلق من العناصر من غير مباشرة باليدين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

يعني : من كونه باشر الله خلقه بيديه ، وهو حقيقة الجمع بين المتقابلات والمتماثلات كلَّها . قال رضي الله عنه

natural. So the human being was not preferred over other elemental species except by being bashar [made] from clay, for he is the most excellent species of all that was created from the elements, without direct contact of the two Hands] - meaning: by virtue of God's having engaged directly in creating him with His two Hands, which is the very reality of combining all opposites and all similars. He, may God be pleased with him, said

al-Qāshānī

﴿ثم إن هذا الشخص الإنسانى عجن طينته بيده وهما متقابلتان ، وإن كانت كلتا يديه يمينا فلا خفاء بما بينهما من الفرقان ، ولم يكن إلا كونهما اثنتين أعنى يدين ، لأنه لا يؤثر في الطبيعة إلا ما يناسبها وهي متقابلة فجاء باليدين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ولما كانت الطبيعة مقتضية للتقابل كانت الأسماء الإلهية متقابلة لأنه لا يؤثر في الطبيعة إلا ما يناسبها ، فأخبر أن الله تعالى عجن طينة آدم أي الشخص الإنسانى بيديه وهما المتقابلان من أسمائه ، وهو وإن كانتا كلتاهما يمينا أي متساويتين في القوة فالفرق بينهما ظاهر ، فإن الجلال والجمال والقهر واللطف لا خفاء في تقابلهما ، وكذا الفعل والانفعال والحرارة والبرودة والرطوبة واليبوسة في الطبيعة ، ولو لم يكن في تقابلهما إلا كونهما اثنين اكتفى في تقابلهما ، فعبر عن كل متضادين باليدين . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

two hands, and they are mutually opposed; and even though both His hands are right hands, there is no concealing the distinction (al-furqān) between them. And it was nothing but their being two, i.e., two hands, for nothing affects Nature except what suits it, and it [Nature] is mutually opposed; so He came with the two hands.] Since Nature necessitates mutual opposition, the Divine Names were mutually opposed, for nothing affects Nature except what suits it. So He informed [us] that God, exalted is He, kneaded the clay of Adam - i.e., the human individual - with His two hands, and these are the two mutually opposed [attributes] among His Names. And even though both of them are right hands - i.e., equal in power - the distinction between them is manifest; for majesty (al-jalāl) and beauty (al-jamāl), overpowering (al-qahr) and gentleness (al-luṭf), show no concealment in their mutual opposition, and likewise action and passion, heat and cold, moisture and dryness, in Nature. And even if their mutual opposition consisted in nothing but their being two, that alone would suffice for their opposition; so every pair of contraries was expressed by 'the two hands.' The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿ثمّ إنّ هذا الشخص الإنساني عجن طينته بيديه ، وهما متقابلان﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

ممّا يظهر منه الآثار المتقابلة : كالخير والشرّ ، واللطف والقهر ، والرحمة والغضب

from which opposing effects appear: such as good and evil, gentleness and severity, mercy and wrath.

Jāmī

﴿ثم أن هذا الشخص الإنساني﴾

أي شخص كان ( عجن ) الحق سبحانه

whatever person it be—(kneaded) the Real, glory be to Him,

Bālī Zāde

﴿ثم إن هذا الشخص الإنسانى عجن طينته بيده وهما متقابلتان ، وإن كانت كلتا يديه يمينا فلا خفاء بما بينهما من الفرقان ، ولم يكن إلا كونهما اثنتين أعنى يدين ، لأنه لا يؤثر في الطبيعة إلا ما يناسبها وهي متقابلة فجاء باليدين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( باليدين ) المناسبتين للطبيعة في التقابل ، فعلم منه أنه لا تؤثر العلة في المعلول إلا بشرط وجود المناسبة بينهما فأوجد آدم باليدين لهذا

(with the two hands) suited to Nature in its mutual opposition. From this it is known that the cause does not produce an effect in the effect except on condition of there being a correspondence between them; so He brought Adam into being with the two hands for this reason

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8510); moved here

﴿ثم أن هذا الشخص الإنساني﴾

وهو آدم عليه السلام ( عجن ) أي خمر الحق

namely Adam, peace be upon him, (was kneaded), i.e., the Real fermented/kneaded

Jāmī

﴿طينته بيديه﴾

الجمالية والجلالية أو الفاعلية والقابلية

the hand of Beauty and the hand of Majesty, or the hand of Agency and the hand of Receptivity

Bālī Zāde

﴿طينته بيديه﴾

وهو إشارة إلى قوله خمرت طينه آدم بيديّ أربعين صباح

— an allusion to His saying, "I kneaded the clay of Adam with My two hands for forty mornings"

Jāmī

﴿وهما متقابلتان وإن كانت كلتا يديه يمينا مباركا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

في مصدرية الرحمة واللطف فإن وجود الغضب والقهر لرحمته عليهم

in being a source of mercy and kindness, for the existence of wrath and overpowering is itself for the sake of His mercy upon them

Bālī Zāde

﴿وهما متقابلتان﴾

كنايتان عن صفتيه الجلال والجمال الجامعتين بجميع الصفات القهرية واللطفية

two expressions referring to His two attributes of Majesty and Beauty, which comprehend together all the overwhelming (qahrī) and gentle (luṭfī) attributes

Ibn Turka

﴿وإن كانت كلتا يديه يمينا﴾

في مصدريّة الرحمة واللطف كما قال في غير هذا الموضع أنّ وجود الغضب والقهر لرحمته عليهما . وإليه أشار بقوله : " سبقت رحمتي غضبي "

in being the source of mercy and gentleness, as he said in another place: that the existence of wrath and severity is due to His mercy toward them both. To this he alluded by his saying: "My mercy precedes My wrath."

Bālī Zāde

﴿وإن كانت كلتا يديه يمينا﴾

أي وإن كانتا متحدين في الأخذ والقوة لكنهما متقابلتان بالآثار

i.e., although the two are united in grasping-power and strength, they are nevertheless mutually opposed in their effects

Ibn Turka

﴿فلا خفاء بما بينهما من الفرقان﴾

فإن ذلك لا ينفي الفرقان والثنويّة ، فلا بدّ من التكثّر

for that does not negate distinction and duality; multiplicity is necessary.

Jāmī

﴿فلا خفاء بما بينهما من الفرقان ولو لم يكن ذلك … إلا كونهما اثنتين أعني يدين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإن الاثنينية نسبة تقتضي اختصاص كل من طرفيها بأمر لا يوجد في الآخر وذلك متقابلة. فجاء باليدين: ولما أوجده باليدين سماه بشرا للمباشرة اللائقة بذلك الجناب باليدين المضافتين إليه. وجعل ذلك من عنايته بهذا النوع الإنساني فقال لمن أبى عن السجود له «ما منعك أن تسجد لما خلقت بيدي أستكبرت» على من هو مثلك- يعني عنصريا أم كنت من العالين عن العنصر ولست كذلك. طبيعيا. فما فضل الإنسان غيره من الأنواع العنصرية إلا بكونه بشرا من طين، فهو أفضل نوع من كل ما خلق من العناصر من غير مباشرة. من ) فرقان بيّن وإنما عجن طينته بيديه المتقابلتين

for duality is a relation that requires each of its two sides to be distinguished by something not found in the other, and that constitutes opposition. So He brought forth the two hands: and when He gave him existence by the two hands, He named him "bashar" (mortal of flesh) on account of the direct contact befitting that noble presence, by means of the two hands attributed to Him. And He made that part of His solicitous care for this human species, saying to the one who refused to prostrate to him: "What prevented you from prostrating to what I created with My two hands? Were you too proud" toward one who is like you—meaning elemental—or were you among the exalted ones above the element, though you are not so, nor naturally so. For man excels over the other elemental species only in being "bashar" from clay, and so he is the most excellent species of all that was created from the elements without direct contact—a clear distinction. And his clay was kneaded only by His two mutually opposed hands,

Bālī Zāde

﴿فلا خفاء بما بينهما من الفرقان﴾

بالآثار والأحكام

in respect of their effects and governances

Ibn Turka

﴿ولو لم يكن إلا كونهما اثنين ، أعني يدين﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

وإنما لزم ذلك

and this was necessary...

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولو لم يكن﴾

بينهما من الفرقان من كونهما يمينا مباركا موصولا إلى المطلوب متساويا في القدرة والتأثير ( إلا ) لكن

between the two any differentiation (furqān), since both of them are a blessed right [hand], connected to what is sought, equal in power and effect (except) but

Words 26–29 · 1 of 6

كَوْنَهُمَا ٱثْنَتَيْنِ أَعْنِي يَدَيْنِ

Only Bālī Zāde comments here.

Bālī Zāde

﴿كونهما اثنتين أعني يدين﴾

دليل واضح على أن بينهما من الفرقان يعني لو لم يكن بينهما تقابل لما قال تعالى بيديّ بالتثنية بل قال بيدي بالوحدة وإنما تقابل اليدان ( لأنه ) أي الشأن

is clear proof that between them there is differentiation - meaning had there not been a counterposition between them, the Exalted would not have said "with My two hands" in the dual, but would have said "with My hand" in the singular. The two hands are counterposed only (because) it, i.e., the matter

Ibn Turka

﴿لأنه لا يؤثّر في الطبيعة﴾

بعجن الطينة المشتملة على المتقابلين

through the kneading of the clay comprising the two opposites...

Jāmī

﴿لأنه لا يؤثر في الطبيعة إلا ما يناسبها … وهي متقابلة فجاء باليدين﴾

المتقابلتين لتحصل المناسبة بين المؤثر والمؤثر فيه . قال رضي الله عنه

is dual in opposition, so He brought forth the two hands] the two opposed hands, so that correspondence might occur between the agent and that which is acted upon. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Bālī Zāde

﴿لا يؤثر في الطبيعة إلا ما يناسبها وهي … متقابلة فجاء﴾

في حق تخمير طبيعة هذا الشخص ( باليدين ) المتناسبتين للطبيعة في التقابل فعلم منه أنه لا يؤثر العلة في المعلول إلا بشرط وجود المناسبة بينهما فأوجد آدم باليدين بهذه المناسبة . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

... are counterposed, so there came] regarding the kneading of this person's nature (by the two hands) suited to nature in counterposition. It is thus known from this that the cause has no effect upon the effect except on condition that there exist a correspondence (munāsaba) between them. So He brought Adam into existence by the two hands through this correspondence. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Ibn Turka

﴿إلا بما يناسبها ، وهي متقابلة فجاء باليدين … ولمّا أوجده باليدين سمّاه بشرا ، للمباشرة اللائقة بذلك الجناب﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فإنّ المباشرة حقيقة هي الإفضاء بالبشرتين . والبشرة : ظاهر الجلد . وذلك المباشرة إنما تكون

is oppositional—so He came with the two Hands… And when He brought him into existence with the two Hands, He named him bashar (human/mortal), for the direct contact (mubāsharah) befitting that Presence] for mubāsharah is, in reality, the meeting of two epidermises (bashratayn); and the bashrah is the outer surface of the skin. That contact only occurs...

al-Qāshānī

﴿ولما أوجده باليدين سماه بشرا للمباشرة اللائقة بذلك الجناب باليدين المضافتين إليه ، وجعل ذلك من عنايته لهذا النوع الإنسانى ، فقال لمن أبى عن السجود له – " ما مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَسْجُدَ لِما خَلَقْتُ بِيَدَيَّ أَسْتَكْبَرْتَ " - على من هو مثلك يعنى عنصريا – " أَمْ كُنْتَ من الْعالِينَ " - عن العنصر ولست كذلك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

المباشرة اللائقة بالجناب الإلهي باليدين هو التوجه نحوه بإيجاده الأسماء المتقابلة وذلك من كمال عنايته ، ولهذا وبخ إبليس بالامتناع عن سجود من خلقه باليدين ، أي بالجمع بين الصفات المتقابلة ، فيه إشارة منه تعالى إلى فضل من توجه إليه في إيجاده باليدين على من ليس كذلك. . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

The direct handling befitting the Divine Presence with the Two Hands is the turning toward him by bringing the mutually opposed Names into existence [in him], and that is part of the perfection of His solicitude. For this reason He reproached Iblīs for refusing to prostrate to the one He created with the Two Hands, that is, by combining the mutually opposed attributes. In it is an indication from Him, exalted is He, of the excellence of the one toward whom He turned in bringing him into existence with the Two Hands, over one who is not such. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Jāmī

﴿ولما أوجده باليدين سماه بشرا للمباشرة اللائقة بذلك الجناب﴾

المقدس عن توهم التشبيه فإن المباشرة حقيقة هي الإفضاء بالبشرتين والبشرة هي ظاهر الجلد

which is held sacred above any supposition of likeness (tashbīh), for direct contact in its true sense is the meeting of two skins (basharatayn), and "bashara" is the outer surface of the skin

Bālī Zāde

﴿ولما أوجده باليدين سماه بشرا للمباشرة اللائقة بذلك الجناب باليدين المضافتين إليه ، وجعل ذلك من عنايته لهذا النوع الإنسانى ، فقال لمن أبى عن السجود له – " ما مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَسْجُدَ لِما خَلَقْتُ بِيَدَيَّ أَسْتَكْبَرْتَ " - على من هو مثلك يعنى عنصريا – " أَمْ كُنْتَ من الْعالِينَ " - عن العنصر ولست كذلك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

( العالين ) هم الملائكة المهيمون والملائكة المقربون ، كجبريل وغيره من ملائكة العرش والكرسي اه قال المحققون : رسل الملائكة أفضل من عامة البشر ، فكل واحد من الإنسان والملائكة العالين فاضل ومفضول . فالإنسان من حيث حقيقته الجامعة لجميع المراتب أفضل من الموجودات العنصرية والطبيعية فكان الإنسان أفضل من الملائكة العالين عن ذلك الوجه . والعالون أفضل من الإنسان من حيث أنه لم تكن نشأتهم النورية عنصرية وإليه أشار بقوله ( ويعنى بالعالين ) فالمراد بالخيرية بالنص الإلهي هي هذه الخيرية لا الخيرية وإنما توقف معرفة النفس الإلهي إلى معرفة العالم ( فإنه ) أي لأنه ( من عرف نفسه ) وهو جزء من العالم ( عرف ربه ) فإن نفسه تفصيل وتعريف لربه ، فمن عرفها عرفه

- above the element, and you are not such. (The exalted ones) are the overwhelming angels and the proximate angels, such as Gabriel and others of the angels of the Throne and the Seat. The verifying scholars said: the messenger-angels are more excellent than ordinary human beings, so each of the human being and the exalted angels is in some respect excellent and in some respect excelled. Man, in terms of his reality which comprehends all levels, is more excellent than elemental and natural existents, so man is more excellent than the exalted angels from that aspect. And the exalted ones are more excellent than man in that their luminous constitution was not elemental, and to this he alluded by his saying (and he means by the exalted ones). So what is meant by the superiority mentioned in the divine text is this specific superiority, not absolute superiority. Now, knowledge of the self depends upon knowledge of the world, (for) because (whoever knows himself) - and he is a part of the world - (knows his Lord), for his self is a detailed exposition and definition of his Lord; so whoever knows it knows Him

Bālī Zāde's gloss, printed inside al-Qāshānī's commentary in the ibnalarabi.com text (line 8522); moved here

﴿ولما وجده باليدين سماه بشرا للمباشرة اللائقة بذلك الجناب﴾

لا المباشرة الغير اللائقة به وهي المباشرة الجسمية الحسية فإنه منزه عن هذه المباشرة

not the unbefitting direct contact, which is corporeal, sensory contact, for He is transcendent above this kind of contact

Ibn Turka

﴿باليدين المضافتين إليه﴾

تعالى . أعني مبدأ التأثير من حيث التعدّد والتكثّر ، الذي هو طرف ظاهريّة الحق وبشرة مباشرته

Exalted is He—I mean the principle of effect-producing from the aspect of multiplicity and plurality, which is the outward-facing edge of the Real and the epidermis of His direct contact.

Jāmī

﴿باليدين المضافتين إليه وجعل سبحانه ذلك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

الإيجاد باليدين ( من ) مقتضيات

existence by the two hands (among) the requirements of

Bālī Zāde

﴿باليدين المضافتين إليه﴾

لا اليدين الغير المضافتين إليه تعالى وهما العضوان المخصوصان من أعضاء الإنسان فإنها محال أن يضاف إلى اللّه تعالى

not the two hands not ascribed to Him, the Exalted, which are the two specific bodily organs among a human being's members - for it is impossible that these be ascribed to God, the Exalted

Ibn Turka

﴿وجعل ذلك من عنايته لهذا النوع الإنساني﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فلذلك أمر ذوي العقول الشريفة بسجودهم له ( فقال لمن أبى عن السجود له

For this reason He commanded those possessed of noble intellects to prostrate to him. (He said to the one who refused to prostrate to him...

Bālī Zāde

﴿وجعل ذلك﴾

الإيجاد وهو إيجاد باليدين ( من عنايته بهذا النوع الإنساني واستدل على جعل الحق ذلك الإيجاد من عنايته بهذا النوع بقوله تعالى فقال تعالى لمن أبى عن السجود له ) أي لآدم عليه السلام

bringing into existence, which is bringing into existence by the two hands, (part of His solicitude for this human species. And he adduced as proof that the Real made that act of creation part of His solicitude for this species His saying, the Exalted, saying to the one who refused to prostrate to him) that is, to Adam, peace be upon him

Jāmī

﴿عنايته بهذا النوع الإنساني فقال﴾

تعالى آمرا الملائكة اسجدوا لآدم وقال تغيير

Most High, commanding the angels: "Prostrate to Adam," and He said, changing [the address]:

Jāmī

﴿لمن أبى عن السجود له … "ما مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَسْجُدَ لِما خَلَقْتُ بِيَدَيَّ"﴾

[ ص : 75 ] موميا إلى أن استحقاقه لسجود الملائكة إنما هو لمخلوقيته باليدين

[Ṣ: 75] pointing to the fact that his deservingness of the angels' prostration was due solely to his having been created by the two hands

al-Tilimsānī

﴿ما منعك أن تسجد لما خلقت بيدي﴾

(ص: 75) . فكونهما يدين اثنين دل على اختلاف طبيعة الإنسان، وأما احتقاره بالعنصريات فما يقدر أن يرد عليه، وكذلك جعل الملائكة العالين أفضل من الإنسان لا نوافقه فيه " ولا نرد عليه وأما العالين الذين قيل فيهم: "أستكبرت أم كنت من العالين" (ص: 75) فما أراد إلا على المكان. وأما المكانة فالإنسان أعلى مرتبة منهم وأما كون النفس به نفس الله تعالی کرب الأسماء، فالأسماء الإلهية لا توصف بالكرب. من الفص الشعيبي شرح الشيخ التلمساني "قال: ولما كان الإيجاد رحمة، فهو أول رحمة وسعت كل شيء، فشملت الرحمة أسمائه الحسنى حيث حصل لها بالايجاد عالما نفس من كرب الأسماء الإلهية باعطائها ما طلبته من حقائق العالم." وتقول د. سعاد الحكيم في المعجم الصوفي : " ولهذا الكرب تنفس، فنسب النفس إلى الرحمن، لأنه رحم به ما طلبته النسب الإلهية، من إيجاد صور العالم، التي قلنا هي: ظاهر الحق، إذ هو الظاهر. . . فلما أوجد الصور في النفس وظهر سلطان النسب المعبر عنها بالأسماء. . . " (فصوص 1/ 112). نستخلص منه ما يلي: 1 - أن الجملة " ولهذا الكرب تنفس " تفيدنا وجود الكرب من جهة، والتنفس الذي اعطى المرتبة اسمه النفس من جهة ثانية. - " فالكرب ": موجود على مستوى الأسماء الإلهية، التي تطلب الكون لظهور ربوبيتها. يقول: " فأول ما نفسّ عن الربوبية بنفسه، المنسوب إلى: الرحمن، بإيجاده العالم الذي تطلبه الربوبية بحقيقتها وجميع الأسماء الإلهية. . . " (فصوص 1/ 119). - و " التنفس ": الذي وقع، كانت صورته: " العماء "، من حيث إن العماء الذي هو السحاب يتولد من الأبخرة، ونفس الرحمن، بخار رحماني.أهـ . "" يعني حضرة الحق وحضرة الخلق كلها في ذات النفس، وعنده أن النفس هو من الحق تعالى وهو ضوء، وحضرة الإمكان التي هي الخلق جعلها كالغلس . هذا ما هو ذوق التوحيد، لأن الضوء هو وجود وهو يوجد فإن نسبته إلى أنه ضوء والإمكان غلس. فالإمكان ما ينتفي بالنور وجعل البرهان انسلاخ النهار، لأنه جعل الضوء کاقبال النهار وجعل الإمكان انسلاخ النهار فكما أن اقبال النهار يعطي ظهور الضوء، وانسلاخه يعطي عدمها. ويعني بقوله: لمن نعس، يعني ألا ترى انسلاخ النهار كيف يعطي النوم وهو إشارة إلى العدم. وأما قوله: في تلاوته عبس، فهو إشارة إلى قوله تعالى: " أو يذكر فتنفعه الذكرى " (عبس: 4) . يعني فإذا تذكر كيف الأمر استراح، لأنه يشهد سر القدر وقد تقدم كيف يستريح بذلك. قوله: ولقد تجلى، يعني موسی فرآها نارا وهي نور وأراد بالمبتئس الفقير قوله: لو كان يطلب غیر ذا، لوجده في ذاته. قوله: وأما هذه الكلمة العيسوية لما قام لها الحق في مقام حتى يعلم ونعلم، يعني أنه مقام" لعيسى في مقام قوله تعالى: "لنبلونكم حتى نعلم المجاهدين منگم والصابرين (محمد: 31) . وهو مقام معلوم أي يكون الحق تعالى يعلم الأمر على ما هو عليه ومع ذلك يستفهم عنه لتقوم حجته على العباد بالمعاينة . فهذا هو المقام الذي عامل به الحق تعالی عیسی علیه السلام، في قوله:"أأنت قلت للناس اتخذوني وأمي إلهين من دون الله" (المائدة: 116) مع علمه تعالی بما قال. وقد التزم" عيسى عليه السلام، الأدب في كونه أجاب مع علمه أن الله تعالی عالم بالحال غیر محتاج إلى الجواب. لكن حيث يسئله فلا بد أن يجيب في التفرقة، لأن السؤال إنما يقع في لسان التفرقة لكونه عليه السلام، يعلم أن التفرقة هي عين الجمع. لأن السؤال كان مع العلم فالجمع حاصل والذي يقتضيه هويته أنه ليس له من الأمر شيء . وعلل کونه تعالى يعلم بأنه هو القائل واللسان نفسه . ولي في هذا المعنى أبيات: وهو قول الشيخ رضي الله عنه: وأنت اللسان الذي اتكلم به واستشهد بقول رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم، وما ذكره إلى آخر الحكمة ظاهر. %~%

(p. 75). The fact that they are two hands indicates a difference in the nature of man. As for his [Iblīs's] disparaging [Adam] on account of elemental [composition], he [Iblīs] is unable to refute this against him [man]. Likewise, the making of the exalted angels (al-ʿāliyīn) superior to man — we neither agree with him in this nor do we refute him on it. As for "the exalted ones" (al-ʿāliyīn) about whom it was said: "Were you arrogant, or were you among the exalted ones?" (p. 75) — he meant only [superiority in] place (makān). As for rank (makāna), man is of higher station than they. As for the self (nafs) being, through Him, the very Self of God Most High — the relief/distress (karb) of the Names — the divine Names cannot be described by distress (karb). From the Faṣṣ of Shuʿayb, commentary of Shaykh al-Tilimsānī: "He said: Since existentiation (al-ījād) is mercy, it is the first mercy that encompassed all things; thus mercy included His Beautiful Names, in that through existentiation there resulted for them a world that relieved them of the distress (karb) of the divine Names, by granting them what they sought of the realities of the world." Dr. Suʿād al-Ḥakīm says in al-Muʿjam al-Ṣūfī: "For this distress (karb) there is a breathing-out (tanaffas), so the breath (nafas) was attributed to al-Raḥmān, because through it He relieved what the divine relations (nisab) sought, namely the existentiation of the forms of the world — which we said are: the manifest [aspect] of the Real, since He is al-Ẓāhir... So when He existentiated the forms within the Breath, and the authority of the relations — expressed as the Names — became manifest..." (Fuṣūṣ 1/112). We derive from this the following: 1 - That the sentence "For this distress there is a breathing-out" informs us, on one hand, of the existence of distress, and on the other hand, of the breathing-out which gave this station its name 'the Breath.' — "The distress": exists at the level of the divine Names, which seek [manifestation in] being (al-kawn) for the appearance of their lordship (rubūbiyya). He says: "So the first thing relieved (nuffisa) concerning lordship through His breath, attributed to al-Raḥmān, was by His bringing into existence the world which lordship, by its reality and [the reality of] all the divine Names, sought..." (Fuṣūṣ 1/119). — And "the breathing-out": that which occurred — its form was: "al-ʿAmāʾ" (the Cloud), in that al-ʿamāʾ, being cloud, is generated from vapors, and the Breath of al-Raḥmān is a Raḥmānic vapor." End. That is: the Presence of the Real and the Presence of creation are all contained within the very essence of the Breath (nafas). In his view the Breath is from the Real Most High and is light, while he made the Presence of possibility (al-imkān), which is creation, like the darkness before dawn (ghalas). This is the taste of unification (tawḥīd), because light is existence, and it exists; so its relation is that it is light, while possibility is darkness. For possibility is negated by light, and he made the proof [consist in] the stripping away (insilākh) of the day, since he made light like the approach (iqbāl) of day and made possibility the stripping away of the day. Just as the approach of day yields the appearance of light, its stripping away yields its absence (ʿadam). He means, by his saying 'for whoever drowses' — do you not see how the stripping away of the day produces sleep, which is an allusion to nonexistence (ʿadam)? As for his saying 'in his recitation he frowned' — it is an allusion to His saying, Most High: 'or be reminded, so that the reminder might benefit him' (ʿAbasa: 4). That is, when he remembers how the matter truly stands, he finds rest, because he witnesses the secret of destiny (al-qadar); and it has already been explained how one finds rest through this. His saying: 'and indeed He disclosed Himself' — means Moses, who saw it as fire while it was [in truth] light; and by 'the needy one' (al-mubtaʾis) he meant the poor one. His saying: 'had he sought something other than this, he would have found it within his own essence.' As for this Jesus-related word (al-kalima al-ʿĪsawiyya) — when the Real stood regarding it in a station such that 'He may know and We may know' — he means that it is a station belonging to Jesus, in the manner of His saying, Most High: 'that We may test you, that We may know those among you who struggle and those who are steadfast' (Muḥammad: 31). It is a known station (maqām maʿlūm), meaning that the Real Most High knows the matter as it truly is, yet nevertheless inquires about it, so that His proof may be established against His servants through direct witnessing. This is the station in which the Real Most High dealt with Jesus, peace be upon him, in His saying: 'Did you say to the people, Take me and my mother as two gods besides God?' (al-Māʾida: 116) — despite His knowledge, Most High, of what he said. Jesus, peace be upon him, observed proper courtesy (al-adab) in that he answered despite knowing that God Most High knows the state and is not in need of an answer. But since He asked him, he had to answer within the language of differentiation (al-tafriqa), because the question occurs only in the tongue of differentiation — since he, peace be upon him, knows that differentiation is the very essence of unity (al-jamʿ). For the question occurred together with [prior] knowledge, so unity is [already] attained; and what his identity (huwiyya) requires is that he has nothing of the matter [belonging to him]. He gave as the reason that He, Most High, knows, [the fact] that He Himself is the Speaker and the very tongue [that speaks]. I have on this meaning some verses — and it is the saying of the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him: 'And You are the tongue with which I speak.' He cited as evidence the saying of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, and what he mentioned up to the end of the Wisdom (al-ḥikma) is self-evident.

Ibn Turka

﴿ما مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَسْجُدَ لِما خَلَقْتُ بِيَدَيَّ﴾

[ 38 / 75 ] . "يوميئ" موميا فيه أن سبب استيهلاله لسجود الكل إنما هو مخلوقيته باليدين

[38:75]. He points—alluding—to the fact that the cause of his (Adam's) deserving the prostration of all is precisely his having been created with the two Hands.

Bālī Zāde

﴿ما مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَسْجُدَ لِما خَلَقْتُ بِيَدَيَّ أَسْتَكْبَرْتَ على من هو مثلك يعني عنصريا﴾

أي لا مثلك في الخلقة فإنه خلقته بيديّ وخلقتك بيد واحدة . فالذي خلق باليدين أعلى وأشرف على من هو بيد واحدة فلم لم تسجد لما فضلت عليك في الخلقة ما سبب منع سجدتك لما خلقت بيديّ أمجرد الاستكبار

that is, not like you in creation, for I created him with My two hands while I created you with one hand. So the one created with two hands is higher and more noble than one [created] with a single hand. So why did you not prostrate to what I made superior to you in creation? What was the cause preventing your prostration to what I created with My two hands - was it mere arrogance

Ibn Turka

﴿" أَسْتَكْبَرْتَ " على من هو مثلك عني عنصري " أَمْ كُنْتَ من الْعالِينَ " عن العنصر ، ولست كذلك ، ويعني بالعالين من عل بذاته عن أن يكون في نشأته النوريّة عنصريّا ، وإن كان طبيعيّا﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

فضل الإنسان على سائر المخلوقات

the superiority of man over the rest of creatures.

Jāmī

﴿استكبرت على من هو مثلك يعني﴾

بالمثل ( عنصريا ) ، أي على من هو عنصري مثلك فلا يكون استكبارك واقعا موقعه

in his likeness (like you)—meaning—(elemental), i.e., toward one who is elemental like you? Then your pride would not have found its proper place.

al-Qāshānī

﴿أَمْ كُنْتَ من الْعالِينَ﴾

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

Ibn Turka

﴿أَمْ كُنْتَ من الْعالِينَ﴾

وذكر الشيخ في فتوحاته المكيّة: « إنّي رأيت رسول الله صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم فسألت أنّ الإنسان أفضل أم الملائكة ؟ فقال عليه السّلام : أما علمت بأن الله يقول : " من ذكرني في نفسه ذكرته في نفسي ، ومن ذكرني في ملأ ذكرته في ملأ خير منه " . ففرحت بذلك » . فالملأ الذي خير منه هم العالون . وينبغي أن يعلم أنّ الخيريّة هاهنا هو غلبة أحكام الوجود - أعني الوجوب وما يتبعه - وذلك هو الشرف والقرب بالمبدأ ، دون الكمال الذي هو جمعيّة الوجوه ، إمكانيّة كانت أو وجوبيّة فعلم أن الخيريّة هاهنا ليست بحسب عموم الأفراد فقط ، وأنّه لا تدافع بين خيريّة بعض الملإ الأعلى لإنسان ، وبين ما له عندهم من الكمال الجمعيّ الإحاطيّ ، الذي به استحقّ خلافة الحقّ . ثمّ إذا عرفت أنّ العالم على صورة من أوجده - أعني العالم - وهو المعبّر عنه بالنفس الرحماني - كما ثبت آنفا . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

And the Shaykh mentioned in his al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyyah: "I saw the Messenger of God, God bless him and grant him peace, and I asked whether man is more excellent or the angels. He, peace be upon him, said: 'Do you not know that God says: Whoever remembers Me within himself, I remember him within Myself; and whoever remembers Me in an assembly, I remember him in an assembly better than it'? And I rejoiced at that." So the assembly that is better than it (man's remembrance) are the exalted ones. It should be known that excellence (al-khayriyyah) here is the predominance of the properties of existence—I mean necessity (al-wujūb) and what follows from it—and that is nobility and nearness to the Principle, not the perfection that is the comprehensiveness of aspects, whether possible or necessary. Thus it is known that excellence here is not in respect of the generality of individuals only, and that there is no conflict between the excellence of some of the Higher Assembly over man, and what man possesses with them of comprehensive, all-encompassing perfection, by which he deserves the vicegerency (khilāfah) of the Real. Then, once you know that the world is in the form of the One who brought it into existence—I mean the world—and that is what is expressed as the Merciful Breath (al-nafas al-raḥmānī), as was just established, the Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said:

﴿أَمْ كُنْتَ من الْعالِينَ﴾

قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه قى الفتوحات الباب الثالث والسبعون في إجابة السؤال التاسع والعشرون على الحكيم الترمذي : " وأما المسألة الطفولية التي بين الناس واختلافهم في فضل الملائكة على البشر فإني سألت عن ذلك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في الواقعة فقال لي إن الملائكة أفضل فقلت له يا رسول الله فإن سألت ما الدليل على ذلك فما أقول؟ فأشار إلى أن قد علمتم أني أفضل الناس وقد صح عندكم وثبت وهو صحيح إني قلت عن الله تعالى أنه قال : "من ذكرني في نفسه ذكرته في نفسي ومن ذكرني في ملأ ذكرته في ملأ خير منهم ". وكم ذاكر لله تعالى ذكره في ملأ أنا فيهم فذكره الله في ملأ خير من ذلك الملإ الذي أنا فيهم . فما سررت بشيء سروري بهذه المسألة فإنه كان على قلبي منها كثير وإن تدبرت قوله تعالى: "هُوَ الَّذِي يُصَلِّي عَلَيْكُمْ ومَلائِكَتُهُ" لا مفاضلة ولا أفضل من جهة الحقائق :- وهذا كله بلسان التفصيل وأما جهة الحقائق فلا مفاضلة ولا أفضل لارتباط الأشخاص بالمراتب وارتباط المراتب بالأسماء الإلهية . وإن كان لها الابتهاج بذاتها وكمالها فابتهاجها بظهور آثارها في أعيان المظاهر أتم ابتهاجا لظهور سلطانه كما تعطي الإشارة في قول القائل المترجم عنها حيث نطق بلسانها من كناية نحن المنزل عن الله في كلامه وهي كناية تقتضي الكثرة نحن في مجلس السرور ولكن %~% ليس إلا بكم يتم السرور فمجلس السرور لها حضرة الذات وتمام السرور لها ما تعطيه حقائقها في المظاهر وهو قوله بكم وذلك لكمال الوجود والمعرفة لا لكمال الذات إن عقلت أه

The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said in al-Futūḥāt, in the seventy-third chapter, in answering the twenty-ninth question posed to al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī: "As for the childish question circulating among people, and their disagreement over the superiority of the angels over mankind - I asked the Messenger of God, God's blessings and peace upon him, about this in the Vision (al-wāqiʿa), and he said to me: 'The angels are superior.' I said to him: 'O Messenger of God, if I am asked for the proof of this, what should I say?' He indicated that you already know that I am the most excellent of mankind, and it has been established and verified with you - and it is sound - that I said, concerning God Most High, that He said: Whoever remembers Me within himself, I remember him within Myself; and whoever remembers Me in an assembly, I remember him in an assembly better than it. And how many are there who remember God, exalted be His remembrance, in an assembly in which I am present - God then remembers him in an assembly better than that assembly in which I am present. Nothing has ever delighted me as much as this matter delighted me, for much of it had weighed upon my heart. And if you reflect on His saying, Most High: 'He it is who blesses you, and His angels' [33:43] - there is no comparison and no superiority from the standpoint of the realities (ḥaqāʾiq).' All this is according to the language of differentiation (tafṣīl); but as for the aspect of the realities, there is no comparison and no superiority, because of the attachment of individual persons to their ranks, and the attachment of ranks to the divine names. And although [the angels] have their joy in their own essence and perfection, their joy in the manifestation of their effects/traces in the entities of the loci of manifestation (aʿyān al-maẕāhir) is a more complete joy, on account of the manifestation of His dominion - as is indicated in the saying of the one who spoke on their behalf, voicing their tongue in a figure of speech: 'We are the ones sent down from God' in His speech - a figure of speech implying multiplicity: 'We are in an assembly of joy, but / joy is not complete except through you.' So the assembly of joy belongs to them in the Presence of the Essence, but the completion of joy for them is what their realities yield in the loci of manifestation - that is His saying 'through you' - and that is due to the perfection of existence and knowledge, not due to the perfection of the Essence, if you understand. [end]

Note by the modern compiler (al-jāmiʿ) of the ibnalarabi.com text, not by Ibn Turka

Jāmī

﴿أم كنت من العالين عن العنصر﴾

فحري بك أن تستكبر

in which case it would befit you to be proud,

Bālī Zāde

﴿أَمْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الْعالِينَ [ ص : 75 ] عن العنصر ولست كذلك﴾

Quotes words that differ from our text (wavy underline).

أي ولست من العالين عن العنصر فتعين أن المانع من السجود استكبارك القبيح اللازم لشأنك الخبيث . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

that is, you are not among those exalted above the element, so it becomes established that what prevented the prostration was your vile arrogance necessarily entailed by your base condition. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

﴿:أَمْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الْعالِينَ﴾

وقوله : "ومن ذكرني في ملأ ذكرته في ملأ خير منهم" فالإنسان من حيث كونه جامعا بجميع ما في الحقائق الكونية والإلهية خير من الملائكة العالين . فكان بعض أفراد هذا النوع كالأنبياء والمرسلين أفضل من هذه الملائكة وغيرها من الموجودات فيكفي خيرية الملائكة من هذا النوع الإنساني خيريتهم من بعض أفراد النوع كما قال المحققون من علماء الشريعة . رسل الملائكة أفضل من عامة البشر فكل واحد من الإنسان والملائكة العالين فاضلا ومفضولا فالإنسان من حيث حقيقته الجامعة لجميع المراتب أفضل من الموجودات العنصرية والطبيعية فكان الإنسان أفضل من الملائكة العالين من ذلك الوجه . والعالون أفضل من الإنسان ، من حيث أنه لم يكن نشأتهم النورية عنصريا وإليه أشار بقوله ويعني بالعالين . فالمراد بالخيرية بالنص هي هذه الخيرية لا الخيرية من كل الوجوه . قال الشيخ رضي الله عنه

, and His saying: "Whoever remembers Me in an assembly, I remember him in an assembly better than it." So man, in terms of his comprehending all that is in the cosmic and divine realities, is better than the exalted angels. Thus some individuals of this species, such as the prophets and messengers, are more excellent than these angels and other existents; so it suffices that the superiority of the angels over this human species be their superiority over some individuals of the species, as the verifying scholars among the jurists of the Law have said: the messenger-angels are more excellent than ordinary human beings, so each of the human being and the exalted angels is in some respect excellent and in some respect excelled. Man, in terms of his reality comprehending all levels, is more excellent than elemental and natural existents, so man is more excellent than the exalted angels from that aspect. And the exalted ones are more excellent than man in that their luminous constitution was not elemental, and to this he alluded by his saying "and he means by the exalted ones." So what is meant by the superiority stated in the text is this [specific] superiority, not absolute superiority. The Shaykh, may God be pleased with him, said

Words 87–88 · 1 of 6

وَلَسْتَ كَذَلِكَ

Only Jāmī comments here.

Jāmī

﴿ولست كذلك﴾

يعني من العالين حريا بالاستكبار . قال رضي الله عنه

i.e., not among the exalted, so as to be worthy of pride. He, may God be pleased with him, said:

Sources: where each commentator's text comes from
ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Qāshānī (d. 730/1330), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0730CabdRazzaqKashani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00084-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qashani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muʾayyad al-Dīn al-Jandī (d. c. 691/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0691MuayyadDinJanadi.SharhCalaFususHikam.IAC00080-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jandi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

ʿAfīf al-Dīn al-Tilimsānī (d. 690/1291), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0690CafifTilimsani.SharhFususHikam.IAC00081-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/tilmasani.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣāʾin al-Dīn Ibn Turka (d. 835/1432), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0835SainDinTaraka.SharhFususHikam.IAC00087-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/taraka.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī (d. 898/1492), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0898NurDinJami.SharhMatnFususHikam.IAC00088-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/jami_matn.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Muṣṭafā b. Sulaymān Bālī Zāde (d. 1073/1663), Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 1073MustafaSulaymanBaliZadah.SharhFususHikam.IAC00082-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/bali.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī (d. 673/1274), al-Fukūk fī asrār mustanadāt ḥikam al-Fuṣūṣ

Digital text: OpenITI barzakh, 0673AbuMacaliQunawi.Fukuk.IAC00079-ara1 (commit 6b19bdc)

Print edition behind it: Not recorded by OpenITI: the barzakh file has no .yml metadata record, and the ibnalarabi.com page it was taken from names no printed edition.

Taken from: ibnalarabi.com/fusus/qunawi.php. The OpenITI file's own header (#META# source) names this page: the text was copied from the Ibn ʿArabī website directed by Dr Mohamed Ali Haj Yousef. Every IAC-coded file used here names a page of that site in its header; barzakh is OpenITI's repository for texts awaiting integration into the corpus.

Licence: OpenITI distributes its texts under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; ibnalarabi.com states © 1999–2024. The commentary itself is a classical work in the public domain; the edition behind the digital text is unidentified.

Missing here: Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī: no text for chapters 15–27. The OpenITI barzakh file (and the ibnalarabi.com pages it was copied from) repeats chapter 14 in their place; a usable copy of the print has not yet been found.

The ibnalarabi.com texts sometimes print other hands inside a commentary: Bālī Zāde's glosses inside al-Qāshānī («إضافة بالي زادة»), and notes by the modern editor (al-muḥaqqiq) or compiler (al-jāmiʿ). We cut these out of the commentator's own text and show them as separate entries, each labelled with its author and the line of the file it came from.

Arabic of the commentaries from the OpenITI digital texts (each comment links to its line); Bosnevî's Ottoman Turkish from our collation of two OCRs of the 1873 Istanbul print (each comment links to its page scan at HathiTrust); passages matched to the commentators' quotations automatically.English translations of the commentaries and of the passage are AI (Claude) and marked. Differences are computed by comparing the words each commentator quotes with our working text; they may reflect a different manuscript reading, a paraphrase, or an alignment error. About this text.